Fig. 46-1

33
Fig. 46-1 Chapter 46 Animal Reproduction

description

Chapter 46. Fig. 46-1. Animal Reproduction. Fig. 46-2. Fig. 46-3. Sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction. Female. Generation 1. Female. Generation 2. Male. Generation 3. Generation 4. Both are females; Parthenogenic. Fig. 46-4a. The sexual behavior  the cycle of ovulation. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Fig. 46-1

Page 1: Fig. 46-1

Fig. 46-1

Chapter 46

Animal Reproduction

Page 2: Fig. 46-1

Fig. 46-2

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Fig. 46-3

Asexual reproduction

Female

Sexual reproduction

Female

Generation 1

Male

Generation 2

Generation 3

Generation 4

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Fig. 46-4a

Both are females; Parthenogenic

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Fig. 46-4b

Ova

ry

size

Ho

rmo

ne

leve

lB

ehav

ior

Estradiol

Ovulation Ovulation

Progesterone

Time

Female Male-like

Female Male-like

The sexual behavior the cycle of ovulation

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Fig. 46-5

Eggs

Fertilization

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Fig. 46-6

Giant water bugs: parental protection; few offsprings

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Fig. 46-7

Accessorygland

EjaculatoryductTestis

Vas deferens

Seminalvesicle

Penis

Ovary

Oviduct

Spermatheca

Vagina

Accessorygland

(a) Male honeybee (drone) (b) Female honeybee (queen)

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Fig. 46-8

Genitalpore

(Digestive tract)

Male organs:

Seminalvesicle

Sperm duct(vas deferens)

Vas efferens

Testis

Female organs:

UterusYolk gland

Yolk duct

Oviduct

Ovary

Seminalreceptacle

(Excretory pore)

4

3

2

1

3

2

1

A hermaphrodite 雌雄同體

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Fig. 46-9

RESULTS

Control;not

remated

Remated towild-type

males

Remated to“no-sperm”

males

Remated to“no-ejaculate”

males

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

fem

ale

sla

ck

ing

sp

erm

in s

pe

rmat

he

ca

30

20

10

0

Why is sperm usage biased when female fruit flies mate twice?

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Fig. 46-10a

(Rectum)

Cervix

Vagina

Vaginal opening

Oviduct

Ovary

Uterus

(Urinary bladder)

(Pubic bone)

Urethra

ClitorisShaftGlansPrepuce

Labia minora

Labia majora

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Fig. 46-10b

OvariesOviduct

FolliclesCorpus luteum

Uterine wallUterus

Cervix

Endometrium

Vagina

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Fig. 46-11b

Seminal vesicle

(Rectum)

Vas deferens

Ejaculatory duct

Prostate gland

Bulbourethral gland

Vas deferens EpididymisTestisScrotum

(Urinarybladder)

(Urinaryduct)

(Pubic bone)

Erectiletissue

Urethra

Glans

Prepuce

Penis

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Spermatogenesis

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Fig. 46-12b

Epididymis

Seminiferous tubuleSertoli cellnucleus

Testis

Cross sectionof seminiferoustubule

Spermatogonium

Primary spermatocyte

Secondary spermatocyte

Spermatids(two stages)

SpermLumen ofseminiferous tubule

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Fig. 46-12cPrimordial germ cell in embryo

Mitotic divisions

Spermatogonialstem cell

Mitotic divisions

Spermatogonium

Mitotic divisions

Primary spermatocyte

Meiosis I

Secondary spermatocyte

Meiosis II

Earlyspermatid

Differentiation (Sertolicells provide nutrients)

Sperm

2n

2n

2n

n n

n n n n

n n n n

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Fig. 46-12e

Ovary

In embryo

Primordial germ cell

Mitotic divisions

Oogonium

Mitotic divisions

Primary oocyte(present at birth), arrestedin prophase of meiosis I

Firstpolarbody

Completion of meiosis I and onset of meiosis II

Secondary oocyte,arrested at metaphase of meiosis II

Ovulation, sperm entry

Completion of meiosis IISecondpolarbody

Fertilized egg

Primaryoocytewithinfollicle

Growingfollicle

Mature follicle

Rupturedfollicle

Ovulatedsecondary oocyte

Corpus luteum

Degeneratingcorpus luteum

2n

2n

nn

n

n

Oogenesis

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Fig. 46-12f

Ovary

Primaryoocytewithinfollicle

Rupturedfollicle

Growingfollicle

Mature follicle

Ovulatedsecondary oocyte

Corpus luteum

Degeneratingcorpus luteum

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Fig. 46-12g

Primordial germ cell

Mitotic divisions

Oogonium

Mitotic divisions

Primary oocyte(present at birth), arrestedin prophase of meiosis I

Completion of meiosis I and onset of meiosis II

Secondary oocyte,arrested at metaphase of meiosis II

Firstpolarbody

Ovulation, sperm entry

Completion of meiosis IISecondpolarbody

Fertilized egg

2n

2n

nn

n

n

In embryo

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Hormone control of the testes

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Fig. 46-14aControl by hypothalamus Inhibited by combination of

estradiol and progesterone

Stimulated by high levelsof estradiol

Inhibited by low levels of estradiol

Hypothalamus

GnRH

Anterior pituitary

FSH LH

Pituitary gonadotropinsin blood

LH

FSH

FSH and LH stimulatefollicle to grow

LH surge triggersovulation

Ovarian cycle

Growing follicle Maturingfollicle

Corpusluteum

Degeneratingcorpus luteum

Follicular phase Ovulation Luteal phase

(a)

(b)

(c)

Da

ys

0 5 10 14 15 20 25 28| | | | | | | |

–

–

+

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Fig. 46-14b

Ovarian hormones in blood

Peak causesLH surge

Estradiol level very low

Estradiol Progesterone

Ovulation Progesterone and estra-diol promote thickeningof endometrium

Uterine (menstrual) cycle

Endometrium

0 5 10 14 20 25 28| | | | | | | |

Da

ys

15

Menstrual flow phase Proliferative phase Secretory phase

(d)

(e)

Endometriosis

Estrous cycle

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Fig. 46-16

Placenta

Uterus

Umbilical cord

Chorionic villus,containing fetalcapillaries

Maternal bloodpools

Maternalarteries

Maternalveins

Maternalportionof placenta

Fetal arterioleFetal venuleUmbilical cord

Fetalportion ofplacenta(chorion)

Umbilicalarteries

Umbilicalvein

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Fig. 46-17

(a) 5 weeks (b) 14 weeks (c) 20 weeks

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Fig. 46-17a

(a) 5 weeks

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Fig. 46-17b

(b) 14 weeks

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Fig. 46-17c

(c) 20 weeks

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Fig. 46-18

Estradiol Oxytocin

fromovaries

Induces oxytocinreceptors on uterus

from fetusand mother’sposterior pituitary

Stimulates uterusto contract

Stimulates placenta to make

Prostaglandins

Stimulate morecontractions

of uterus

Po

siti

ve

fee

db

ac

k

+

+

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Fig. 46-19-4

3

2

1 Dilation of the cervix

Placenta

Umbilical cord

Uterus

Cervix

Expulsion: delivery of the infant

Uterus

Placenta(detaching)

Umbilicalcord

Delivery of the placenta

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Fig. 46-20Male Female

Method Event Event Method

Production ofsperm

Production ofprimary oocytes

Vasectomy Combination birth controlpill (or injection, patch, orvaginal ring)Sperm transport

down maleduct system

Oocytedevelopmentand ovulation

Abstinence

Condom

Coitusinterruptus(very highfailure rate)

Abstinence

Spermdepositedin vagina

Capture of theoocyte by the

oviduct

Tubal ligation

Female condom

Spermmovement

throughfemale

reproductivetract

Transportof oocyte in

oviduct

Spermicides;diaphragm;cervical cap;progestin alone(as minipill,implant,or injection)

Meeting of sperm and oocytein oviduct

Union of sperm and eggMorning-afterpill; intrauterinedevice (IUD)

Implantation of blastocyst in endometrium

Page 33: Fig. 46-1

1. Describe oogenesis and spermatogenesis; describe three major differences between them

2. Explain how the uterine and ovarian cycles are synchronized and describe the functions of the hormones involved

You should now be able to:


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