Fig-1: The sympathetic ganglia  associated with spinal nerves  T1

through L2 are connected to the nerve by two arms, the rami communicantes

albicans and gresium

Fig-2: There are no rami albicans above T1 and below L2. The gray rami

send connections to all 31 nerves.

Fig-3: The sympathetic outflow. The preganglionic neurons originate  in the

intermediolateral horn of the spinal cord, between T1 and L2

 

pressione

Freq

uen

za d

i sc

ari

ca

100

Pressione continua

Pressione pulsatile

soglia

saturazione

Dinamica dei barocettori: scarica del nervo di Hering

pressione

Freq

uen

za d

i sc

ari

ca

100

Dinamica dei barocettori: adattamento

120

Figure 1. Ultrastructure of the carotid body. (A) Reproduction of the original drawing of Fernando de Castro published in De Castro (1926), part of the Fernando de Castro Archives. Different glomeruli are shown close to the carotid artery (A). Incoming sympathetic nerve from the superior cervical ganglion (E) is a minor contribution to the innervation of the carotid body. The same can be said about the vagus nerve (LX) in the vicinity of the carotid body. By contrast, the most relevant contingent of afferents comes from the intercarotid (sinus) nerve branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX). A sympathetic microganglion can be seen within the latter nerve (cg). Adapted, with permission, from (191) by de Castro.

Figure 5. Relationship between arterial and microvascular Po2 and consequence upon chemodischarge response curves. (A) Relationship between Pao2 and carotid body microvascular (CBM) Po2. O2 pressure in inspired gas was lowered in steps. At each step, Pao2, chemosensory nerve activity and phosphorescence images were measured ca. 3 min after end‐tidal gas values stabilized. Average CBM Po2 was calculated for central region of O2 pressure map of carotid body and this is plotted against measured Pao2. Top: data from six cats are presented. Each cat has a different symbol. Below: data from all six cats are fitted to single curve (line of identity also shown). (B) Relationship between Po2 (arterial and CBM) and chemosensory nerve activity. Measured values of chemosensory nerve activity in four different cats are plotted against Pao2 (open circles) and CBM Po2 (filled circles). imp/s, impulses per second. Modified, with permission, from (502) Lahiri et al.

To determine your rate of recovery, use the following formula:  Recovery heart rate = (exercise heart rate - recovery heart rate after 1 minute) / 10Recovery Rate Number ConditionLess than 2 = Poor2 to 2.9 = Fair3 to 3.9 = Good4 to 5.9 = ExcellentAbove 6 = Outstanding