Field Manual 21st NORTH 2012 NORTH Field Manual.pdf · MEDICAL OFFICER: The following have...

Kullinggade 31 · DK-5700 Svendborg · Denmark · Ph(1) +45 4059 1012 · Ph(2) +45 6168 1015

FIELD MANUAL 2012

Instructions, Standards and Procedures Covering exclusive licenses 2010/17, 2010/49, MPL 2010/18 and license applications 2012/26, 2012/27 and 2012/40

Prepared by 21st NORTH, Svendborg, 01 June 2012

________________________ ________________________ Anders Lie M.Sc. Geology Claus Østergaard M.Sc. Geology

21st NORTH 21st NORTH

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 GENERAL REGULATIONS

2 EQUIPMENT

2.1 Standard field equipment

2.2 Other recommended personal equipment

2.3 Housing and provision

2.4 Medicine chest

3 THE CAMP

4 COMMUNICATIONS

4.1 Operating instructions for marine VHF radios

4.2 Operation of satellite telephone

4.3 Morse code and phonetic alphabet

5 SAMPLE PROTOCOL

5.1 Sample procedure, assays and maps

5.2 Sample numbering system and labelling

5.3 Sample collection and sample size

5.4 Sample description and location

5.5 Drill Core - Transportation from drill site

5.6 Drill Core - Sampling procedure

5.7 Shipping of Drill Core to Designated Laboratory

5.8 Field measurement convention for structural data

5.9 Field test for nickel

5.10 Quality assurance QA/QC in the field

5.11 Magnetic declination

5.12 Standard colours for field maps

6 USING MOTORIZED VEHICLES

7 SAFETY IN THE FIELD

7.1 Emergency equipment

7.2 Emergency situations

7.3 Helicopter operations

7.4 Boat operations

7.5 Carbon monoxide poisoning

7.6 Hypothermia / wet-cold exposure

7.7 Frostbite

7.8 Wildlife

7.9 Guidelines on POLAR BEARS encounter

7.10 Explosives

7.11 Firearms

8 ENVIRONMENTAL EXCELLENCE IN EXPLORATION – E3

8.1 Surveys

8.2 Camp and associated facilities

8.3 Drilling, stripping and trenching

8.4 Archaeological and cultural sites

Continued on next page

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9 MINERAL EXPLORATION – BEST PRACTICES

9.1 Preamble

9.2 Qualified person

9.3 Geological concept

9.4 Quality assurance/control

9.5 Exploration methods and data collection

9.6 Records & data verification

9.7 Sampling

9.8 Drilling

9.9 Sample security

9.10 Sample preparation

9.11 Analysis and testing

9.12 Interpretation

9.13 Mineral resource and mineral reserve

estimation

9.14 Environment, safety and community relations

9.15 Recommendations

9.16 Technical reporting

10 IMPORTANT CONTACT DETAILS AND INFORMATION

11 OVERVIEW MAP

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PROJECT NAME : 21st NORTH Exploration Program 2012

PROJECT MANAGER : Anders Lie & Claus Østergaard

FIELD SEASON : Year 2012

PHONE: (21st NORTH, Claus Østergaard) +45 60 61 10 15

(21st NORTH, Anders Lie) +45 40 59 10 12

(XS Greenland, office) +299 32 99 33

(XS Greenland, Rasmus Christensen) +299 53 94 33

(XS Greenland, Martin Ben Shalmi) +299 55 57 33

SAT. PHONE (I) : (21st NORTH) : The specific number will be acquired prior to the field season

SAT. PHONE (II) : (21st NORTH) : The specific number will be acquired prior to the field season

VHF CALL SIGN : 21st NORTH no. 1 to 21st NORTH no. 8

LOCATIONS : (Sinarsuk) Longitude: 49° 18’ W Latitude: 63° 22’ N

(Ikertoq) Longitude: 52° 02’ W Latitude: 66° 50’ N

(Ammassalik) Longitude: 53° 38’ W Latitude: 67° 38’ N

(Hudson Land) Longitude: 37° 48’ W Latitude: 65° 36’ N

(Eqalussuit) Longitude: 22° 21’ W Latitude: 73° 41’ N

MEDICAL OFFICER: The following have successfully completed training course as Medical Officer (PARAMEDIC) arranged

by the Danish Maritime Authorities. A 5 day intensive course designed for seafarers who are

designated to provide medical first aid on board ship in accordance with STCW 95 A-VI/4, Para. 1 and

STCW Code Section A-VI/4-1. In basic terms this qualification is aimed at those responsible for

providing first aid on vessels venturing up to 150 miles from a safe haven and so out of immediate

range of expert medical assistance.

Anders Lie / Claus Østergaard / Rasmus Christensen

Martin Ben Shalmi / Nungo Pedersen (on call 24-7)

DRONNINGS INGRIDS HOSPITAL: Emergency Treatment Officer: +299 344 949

RADIO MEDICAL: RADIO MEDICAL: +45 7545 6766

E-mail: [email protected]

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FIELD MANUAL 2012

Instructions, Standards and Procedures Covering exclusive licenses 2010/17, 2010/49, MPL 2010/18 and license applications 2012/26, 2012/27 and 2012/40

1 GENERAL REGULATIONS

This field manual is offered to all personnel who undertake

fieldwork in Greenland in relation to 21st NORTH´s Exploration

Program 2012. Please read the manual carefully, as it contains

a lot of useful information.

– HUNTING & FISHING - Personnel employed by 21st NORTH

or participating in exploration activities for 21st NORTH

are NOT allowed to hunt or fish within the concessions

during the field season (BMP regulations)

– HISTORICAL AND ARCHAELOGICAL RELICS & SITES - All

21st NORTH personnel or personnel participating in

exploration activities for 21st NORTH must respect all

historical and archaeological relics and sites. During

fieldwork, staff might encounter ancient tent rings,

settlements, graves and stone structures. It is important

not to move or remove any items. Any locality believed to

be a new discovery shall be reported to the Project

Manager. Describe and, if possible, photograph the

discovery and note its position

– 21st NORTH is subject to the “RULES FOR FIELDWORK AND

REPORTING REGARDING MINERAL RESOURCES

(EXCLUDING HYDROCARBONS) IN GREENLAND”

– 21st NORTH aims to comply with NATIONAL INSTRUMENT

43-101 developed by the Canadian Securities

Administration and E3; E3; A framework for

(envrionmental) responsible exploration

– PRIVATE SUPPLIES, e.g. tobacco and cigarettes for the

entire field season, is regarded as the individuals own

responsibility so make sure to bring adequate supplies.

– ALCOHOL POLICY - Consumption and/or possession of

alcohol will not be tolerated under any circumstances.

Anyone found to possess, consume and/or to have

possessed or to have consumed alcohol, will be

immediately expelled.

– CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES POLICY - Controlled

substances are likewise illegal and intolerable. Anyone

found to unlawfully possess or use, or to have unlawfully

possessed or used any controlled substance will be

immediately expelled.

– IF AN ACCIDENT OCCURS - All persons involved are

responsible for taking action if an accident occurs.

Depending on the situation, this may initially involve first

aid, emergency calls, and notification to the police. Later on

a short report shall be written by the Project Manager,

describing what happened, where and when it happened,

who was involved, what kind of damage occurred, and

which actions were taken. The report must also include a

description of which action was taken to prevent the

situation from ocurring again. The report is sent to 21st

NORTH´s office with all relevant appendices and will

folllowing be forwarded to the insurance company,

families, the authorities, and any other relevant parties.

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2 EQUIPMENT

2.1 Standard field equipment

21st NORTH endeavours to deliver first class, reusable field and

camp supplies, which shall be looked after and cared for.

Broken or lost equipment should be listed, and a written report

given to the Project Manager after the field season. All

equipment must be returned to the Project Manager upon

termination of field work. Mark damaged equipment clearly to

avoid the possibility of redistribution without repair.

Depending on work function, each employee or sub-contractor

to 21st NORTH is receiving field equipment according to the

following groups:

– H1: Driller, drilling assistant

– H2: Handy man, saw cutter, camp assistant

– H3: Drill/Work foreman

– H4: Project Manager/Project geologist

– H5: VIP (visitors staying in camp on short notice)

– H6: Cook, kitchen aid (personnel who stays in camp)

Basic Flight Camp Equipment 1 pax H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6

Elastic bandage, 6 cm x 5 m. / rl. X X X X X X

Plaster, loose X X X X X X

Compress bandage (15cm x 15cm) X X X X X X

Temgesic, tabl. 0,2 mg. (morphine tablets) / no. 10 X X X X X

Ibuprofene 200 mg X X X X X X

Emergency blanket X X

Helicopter signal mirror X X X X X

Pea whistle X X X X X X

Satellite phone, Iridium X X

Satellite phone, Iridium, subscription X X

VHF-radio, incl. Charger X X X

GPS, Garmin X X

Compass X X

Matches X X X X X

Batteries 1.5V, AA, GPS X X

Mummy liner X X X X X

Back pack X X

Sleeping bag X X X X X

Sea bag 59L X X X X X X

Mosquito oil X X X X X X

Mosquito net X X X X X X

Lightweight tarp (3x5 m) X X X

Therm-a-rest mattress X X

Field Diary, "Rite in the Rain" X X X X X

Felt-tip pen, drawing pen X X X X X

Felt-tip pen, micron 005 X X X X X

Felt-tip pen, wide marker X X X X X

Fiber pen, 777 penol X X X X X

Continued on next page

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2.2 Other recommended personal equipment

The following items are recommended to be worn or carried

for safety reasons during field work. The amount of clothes to

be included depends on the length of the field work and access

to washing machine/drier. If in doubt, ask the Project Manager

2.3 Housing and provision

21st NORTH arranges and pays for your accommodation during

the field season.

Provisions in the field consist of standard rations of canned

and frozen meals, rice, spaghetti, etc. Each ration pack is

intended to provide food for 2 persons for 6 days. Each field

camp will also be provided a “starter box” containing

detergent, soap powder, spices, ketchup, candles, alufoil,

greaseproof paper, etc. fresh supplies will be provided on each

helicopter visit.

A field camp will in some instances be supplied with fresh meat

etc. for 2-3 meals a week, with canned food for other meals.

2.4 Medicine chest

The medicine chest in each camp is based on standard

recommendations from the Greenlandic Health Department

(Danish Maritime Authorities) and comprises a so called

Medicine chest B. In addition to the standard content each

chest is supplied with assorted dressings and instruments

(bandages, scissors, tape, gazes etc.) and medicaments, which

are specifically requested by 21st NORTH. Make sure that you

read the instructions and are aware of how to use the supplied

medication and equipment in the medicine chest. If in doubt

ask your Project Manager or the designed Medical Officer.

A list of content is given below:

Basic Flight Camp Equipment 1 pax continued H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6

Hobby knife X X

Ball pen X X X X

BRICO safety goggles X X

Thread, roll 2mm X X

Pencil BIC atlantis X X X

Lead for pencil X X X

Geologists vest Minerox canvas X

Fold-a-cup X X

Illuminated 10x hand lens X

Tape-measure protractor 5m X X

Eraser X X

Pencil magnet X

Work gloves, size. 10, 11 (leather & rubber coated) X X

Footwear and Rain Gear

Durable leather boots w. solid sole, extra boot laces and wax

1 pair

Water- and windproof shell pants (preferably Gore Tex or alternative membrane/coating)

1 pair

Water- and windproof shell jacket (preferably Gore Tex or alternative membrane/coating)

1

Miscellaneous

Toiletries including lip balm, sun lotion, sunglasses, camera with extra batteries, passport, 1 pair of camp trousers, field hat, extra glasses, warm gloves, alarm clock and literature.

Clothing

Long underwear (shirts and tights – polyethylene or woollen inner layer)

2-3 pairs

T-shirts 2-3pairs

Underpants – short 5 pair

Warm cap or beanie 1

Durable working shirts 3 pairs

Belt 1

Working pants (durable outer layer) 2-3 pairs

Socks, liner (polyethylene) 3-5 pairs

Socks, thick woollen 3-5 pairs

Fleece or Power stretch (light but warm middle layer)

2-3 pairs

Down or fibre jacket (off-season or high altitude) 1

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PAINKILLERS (LISTED BY INCREASING STRENGTH)

ANTIBIOTICS

EYE, EAR AND NOSE TREATMENT

MISCELLANEOUS

Drugs Purpose Dosage Comments

Pamol [or Pinex] Δ 500 mg. tablets. Paracetamol

Ordinary pain killer 1-2 tablets for weak to moderate pain. May be repeated after 2-3 hours.

Ibuprofene Δ 400 mg. tablets. Ordinary pain killer and anti inflammatory drug.

1 tablet 3 times a day for moderate and joint/ligament pains.

May induce stomach pains – if so, change to Paracetamol

Temgesic Δ 0.2 mg. tablets.

Contents: Buprenorphin

For severe (unbearable) pain

1 tablet dissolves under the tongue. May be repeated after 3-4 hours.

May induce nausea and vomiting. Δ Induces drowsiness.

Morphine for injection. 20 mg/ml. Δ ampoules

For severe (unbearable) pain

Intramuscular injection into the lateral thigh. May be repeated after 3-4 hours.

May induce nausea and vomiting. Δ Induces drowsiness.


Fenoxymetylpenicillin 500 mg. tablets To treat bacterial infections such as lung, ear and throat infection

2-4 tablets for 5-7 days If you are allergic to penicillin, use Erythromycin instead.

Dicloxacillin 250 mg. tablets To treat resistant bacterial infection in skin or wounds (also treats blood poisoning)

2 tablets 3 times pr. Day If you are allergic to penicillin, use Erythromycin instead.

Erythromycine Δ 500 mg. tablets. To treat ordinary infection. 1 tablet 4 times daily for at least 5 days, even if symptoms have subsided.

To be taken if allergic to penicillin.

Ciproxin, 250 mg. tablets. Ciprofloxacin To treat infection after an animal bite, or swollen finger. Also treats stomach-intestine infections

1 tablet twice a day for 5-7 days Must be taken after animal bite.

Sulphamethizole 500mg, tablets

Metronidazol1 gram, supp.

Short acting sulfonamide, In urinary tract infections

500 - 1000mg every 3 - 4 times daily Old age use with caution


Cincain Δ 0.5 %. Eye ointment. To treat snow blindness. Local anaesthetic.

Apply inside the lower eyelid if you feel pain.

Combine with eye pad to protect from dust.

Pilocarpine HCL 2%, 10ml To treat inflammation of eyes 1-2 drops 4 times a day

Terracortil + polymix B eye oint To treat bacterial eye infection 1-2 drops daily

Fucithalmic Unitdose, 12st To treat bacterial eye infection Squeeze one drop into lower eye lid Do not use for prolonged period

Otrivin®/ Passagen Δ 1 mg/ml Xylometazoline hydrochloride.

To treat colds and blocked nose. Not more than 3 times daily for up to one week.


Strepsil ®. Suction tablets. For sore throat, coughing. 1 tablet as required.

Eurecin, Lip balm. For dry lips. Daily. To be used as a precaution.

Sepan (R). Tablet. 5 mg. To treat travelling and sea sickness.

1 tablet ½-1 hrs. before travelling.

Δ Pectyl ®, strong. Δ To stop coughing. 5 ml 2-5 times daily. Δ Induces drowsiness. Δ

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SKIN OINTMENT, DISINFECTIONS AND ALLERGIES

STOMACH PAINS

DRESSING AND INSTRUMENTS



Flamazine Δ crème 1 %. Silver sulfadiazine. To treat burns. Apply a thin layer. For more severe burns, apply and cover with a plastic bag.

Permethrin/Loxazol lotion, 59ml To treat scabies (head lice and mites)

Wash hair May cause skin reactions and allergies

Locoid crème 1mg/g, 30 g To treat skin diseases such as allergies and eczema

Apply 1-2 daily

Chlorhexidine/Ethanol, 100ml Chemical antiseptic for disinfection and mouth wash

1-2 uses daily May discolour teeth

Chlorhexidine liquid 0,2%, 250ml Chemical antiseptic for disinfection and mouth wash

1-2 uses daily May discolour teeth

Dextromethorphan/Darolan, 10cap Cough suppressant cold medicine

Hallucination and confusion may occur with high doses

Δ Tavegyl ® 1 mg. tablets. Δ Clemastin. To treat allergic reactions, hay fever etc.

1-2 tablets as required. Δ Induces drowsiness. Δ


Immodium [or Imolope] Δ / Propiden ® 2 mg. tablets. Lobromid.

To treat diarrhoea. 1 tablet.

Dulcolax Δ 5 mg. Tablets. Bisacodyl. Laxative, purging. 1 tablet in the evening. Works next morning.

Cimetidine 400mg tablet, 30 pcs to treat ulcers; gastroesophageal reflux disease

taken once a day at bedtime or two to four times a day with meals and at bedtime

Do not take for more than two weeks, may cause heart burn and sour stomach

Alumin. Aminoscetat 500mg, 20tab Treats heartburn and sour stomach

One tablet 1-3 hrs after main meals and at bedtime

Avoid acid-rich fruit juices during treatment

Primperan/Metoclopramide, 10 sup Treats nausea and vomiting 20 mg 3 times a day

Cinchocaine/Fram. Hydrocor. 30g For relief of external and haemorrhoids, anal pruritus, anal fissure

Apply 3 times daily

Lactulose Mixture, 300ml Relieves constipation 2-3 times daily Do not use if allergic to lactulose

Loperamide 2mg, 20 tabl. Anti-diarrheal Two tablets initially, one tablet after each loose stool

Do not use if allergic to Loperamide HCL

Emergency packs / Surgical instruments / Assorted gauze bandages / Assorted bandages / Thermometer / Splinter tweezers, etc.

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3 THE CAMP

Select your camp site carefully. Flying in with a helicopter and

spotting a good site takes experience, but aerial photo studies

prior to the camp move can be useful.

A good camp site should be dry, more or less flat, near water,

sheltered, and have a nearby supply of moderately sized

boulders. The boulders are useful when positioned carefully,

not thrown, on the tent flaps securing the tent in high winds.

Tent pegs are seldom useful in Greenland. The flattest camp

sites often turn into swamps or even small lakes in wet

weather. Hard snow or ice may be used for camping. Make sure

to prepare you for bad weather, in the morning before you

leave and at night before you go to bed. Arrange stones around

the tent and boxes so that they will not chafe the canvas in

windy conditions. Do not underestimate the forces of Mother

Nature. To keep damage to a minimum, it is recommended that

you lower your kitchen tents on receiving a storm warning.

Near the Inland Ice and in narrow valleys, some shelter from

the force of the föhn wind is highly desirable. Again: boulders

are nearly always necessary to anchor the tents.

Sewn-in groundsheets in some tents are thin and easily

damaged. Use an extra tarpaulin under the tent as protection

against sharp stones and moisture.

Water from streams and lakes can be assumed to be clean,

except near cities, settlements, sheep grazing areas and bird

cliffs.

The risk of fire can be greatly reduced by filling kerosene in the

stoves outside the tent, heating up the burner properly before

the stove is started, and not leaving the stoves unattended.

Ice-dammed lakes are common along the Inland Ice. Many of

them empty catastrophically every summer, or sometimes at

longer intervals. Their presence can usually be detected from a

study of aerial photographs. It is wise to avoid camping in the

bottom of valleys which drain such lakes.

Burn the flammable waste upon moving the field camp or as

often as necessary. Bury the non-flammable waste, in such a

way that foxes etc. cannot get to the waste - or preferably send

it back to the base camp. Spend some time tidying the camp

site before departure; the camp site has to be completely tidied

up upon departure.

Keep the camp as light as possible - return all unnecessary

equipment and food.

All containers with liquids must have a clear label stating the

contents.

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4 COMMUNICATION

All field camps are equipped with satellite telephones. All

personnel are also equipped with a handheld Marine VHF

radio. It is important that all field personnel are familiar with

the operation of the radios and the radio procedures in case of

emergency.

Prior to mobilisation or other scheduled helicopter traffic in

the area where you are working, the operational base may call

you for information on weather conditions such as visibility,

sky base, fog etc. The top of each hour is a standard time for

establishing radio contact during waiting periods.

The 21st NORTH office or the operation base will call each field

camp once or twice a day at a prearranged time. In case you

plan not to be at your camp at the scheduled radio time, please

inform the operation base. If a team does not answer a call

from the operation base a second attempt will be tried one

hour later, if this call is not answered, the helicopter will be

sent out to check.

4.1 Operating instructions for marine VHF radios

An ICOM IC-M1Euro V Marine VHF radio telephone is supplied

to some personnel in the Container Camp. This “walkie talkie”

is mainly used for internal field communication and to contact

the helicopter pilot when nearby. NOTE: The marine VHF

system generally requires line of sight between transmitter

and receiver. When you work away from other field members,

be sure that you make proper arrangements for scheduled

calling times, and remember to state where you are located,

when you intend to go, and when you expect to return to camp.

Always use channel 06 for internal communication. For

emergency calls and for establishing initial contact with

another station, use distress channel 16 and the calling

procedure outlined below. All VHF radios (e.g. on boats) listen

for emergency calls twice an hour, from XX.00 to XX.05 and

XX.30 and XX.35.

The calling procedure for external communication in

Greenland is as follows:

1. Turn the power on and enter channel 16. NEVER USE

CHANNEL 16 BETWEEN XX.00 and XX.05 OR BETWEEN

XX.30 and XX.35 hours (these periods are reserved for

emergency calls).

2. Call the nearest ship radio (e.g. Coast radio Aasiaat), and

tell that it is 21st NORTH XX calling. The operator will ask

you to switch to another channel, when the connection is

established.

3. Enter the new channel number, and call the radio station

again. Then ask for the phone number you want.

4. Wait for the operator after the conversation. He or she

will tell you how long you talked and ask how to account

the bill. You must answer 21st NORTH, call sign: 21st

NORTH no. 1 to 21st NORTH no. 5

In case of an accident during the day or if you need help, call

the operation base on channel 06, and if the base does not

answer, switch to emergency channel 16 and follow the

procedure outlined below:

A. MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MADAY (international emergency

signal)

B. This is 21ST NORTH TEAM___, 21ST NORTH TEAM__, 21ST

NORTH TEAM__

C. WE ARE AT ___; ___; ___ SITUATED___;___;___;

D. WE NEED (say what kind of help is needed) AND ASK THE

STATION TO CONTACT THE OPERATION BASE AT________

Steps A-C in this procedure should be repeated until

communication with another station has been established. If

no communication can be made, repeat the entire procedure

slowly several times - you may be heard even if you can’t

receive the answer. In addition try to gain altitude, as the

Marine VHF system requires line-of-sight between transmitter

and receiver.

Operating instructions:

1. CAUTION: Transmitting without an antenna may damage

the transceiver, so make sure you connect the antenna

before switching on the power.

2. Rotate [VOL] clockwise to turn power ON.

3. Turn [SQL] clockwise to mute any audio noise if

necessary.

4. Push [%]/[&] to select the desired channel.

5. Push [H/L] to select the output power if necessary.

Choose low power to conserve battery power, choose

high power for longer distance communication.

6. Push and hold [PTT] to transmit, and then speak into the

microphone. IMPORTANT: To maximise the readability of

your transmitted signal, pause a few seconds after

pushing [PTT], hold the microphone 10 to 15 cm from

your mouth and speak at a normal voice level.

7. Push [H/L•LOCK] for 1 second to turn lock function ON

and OFF. This function electronically locks all keys and

switches to prevent accidental frequency changes and

function access.

8. Push any key except for [PTT] to turn the backlighting ON.

5. Dual watch key - monitors channel 16 while you are

receiving another channel.

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4.2 Operation of satellite telephone

The 21st NORTH flight camp will be equipped with a hand-held

Iridium satellite telephone for external communication.

Remember that the satellite phone is NOT intended for

personal communication but work or emergency situations

only.

The satellite telephone is protected with ID and PIN codes! The

satellite telephone will be billed for all outgoing calls, so only

pass on the codes to trusted persons. Make sure to get the

relevant codes from the Project Manager, and to test the use of

the satellite telephone before you go into the field.

NOTE: It is free to send SMS’s from the website

WWW.IRIDIUM.COM to any Iridium satellite telephone.

Morse Phonetic Morse Phonetic

A ·- Alfa P ·--· Papa

B -··· Bravo Q --·- Quebec

C -·-· Charlie R ·-· Romeo

D -·· Delta S ··· Sierra

E · Echo T - Tango

F ··-· Foxtrot U ··- Uniform

G --· Golf V ···- Victor

H ···· Hotel W ·-- Whiskey

I ·· India X -··- X-ray

J ·--- Juliet Y -·-- Yankee

K -·- Kilo Z --·· Zulu

L ·-·· Lima Æ ·-·- Ægir

M -- Mike Ø ---· Ødis

N -· November Å --·- Åse

O --- Oscar

Morse code and phonetic alphabet.5

Power requirements - The satellite telephone batteries may be

drained relatively quickly, especially in cold weather. All field

teams relying on satellite telephones for communications

should therefore consider the various options for recharging

batteries. Depending on the type of fieldwork and the logistic

framework, it may be necessary to bring a solar cell charging

system or a portable petrol-driven generator.

4.3 Morse code and phonetic alphabet

If urgent information is transmitted under particularly poor

conditions it is advisable to spell out the individual words on

the basis of the phonetic alphabet.

Under particularly poor conditions the “tune signal” or

transmitting noise of the radio may be used as a Morse signal

(see Table 1). Sometimes you may hear the Container Camp

reasonably well, whereas they have difficulty in understanding

you clearly. The Container Camp radio operator may then pick

up affirmative or negative answers to his questions by means

of simple and prearranged “tune signals”; i.e. ”M” (--) for YES

and “T” (-) for NO.

4.5 ELT Beacon

Each Field/Base Camp is supplied with an emergency locator

transmitter (FastFind ELT beacon or similar) which alerts

radio stations along the coast via satellite. This emergency

equipment is only to be used when life is in danger. The camp

leader will instruct the field personnel in use of the beacon.

The FastFind, is a powerful waterproof 406 MHz Personal

Location Beacon (PLB) distress beacon with a built-in integral

50-channel GPS for additional pinpoint location, further

speeding up time of location.

The FastFind acts as the last resort communication to the

national and international search and rescue bodies and it

should not be misused. The FastFind is designed as a direct

communication, to the 406 MHz Search and Rescue satellite

system, its signal indicates that you are in need of urgent

response and assistance. The beacon applies where there is

little or no other form of communication or where other forms

of communication are unlikely to work.

The beacon transmits the two signals simultaneously, one to

the subscription free global 406 MHz satellite system, and the

other (121.5 MHz) is to speed up the local recovery response

process. Once activated, FastFind’s signals will continue to

transmit for at least 24 hours, at a powerful 5 watt output, the

406 MHz transmission ensures that a call for help gets through

whatever the conditions.

Each individual beacon is registered with a unique

transmitting code.

The beacon also includes a unique SOS LED flash light facility

which is manually activated to further assist in speeding up the

user’s recovery during night time rescues.

The beacon will operate in temperatures down to -20°c and its

integral battery has a user storage life of 5 years, so there’s no

need for constant battery changes and re-charging.

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5 SAMPLE PROTOCOL

Success in developing a profitable mine or advancing an

exploration project depends on many components, some of

which can be accurately measured and controlled while others

require assessment and judgement in the form of qualitative

and quantitative analysis.

The term “Best Practices” implies that a particular process will

deliver an outcome superior to the results from other methods.

The following section describes guidelines and recommended

quality practices intended for handling sample material, drill

core and sampling procedures related to 21st NORTH’s

Maniitsoq Project. Best Practices with regards to future drilling

method, drill core recovery and geological logging is beyond

the scope of this guide and will not be further addressed in this

field manual.

5.1 SAMPLE PROCEDURE, ASSAYS AND MAPS

All field personnel are issued with a “Rite in the Rain” field

diary. Legible notes should contain all geological field

observations that are not given on field map copies, including

field sketches and a record of photographs taken.

21st NORTH is establishing a database for geochemical, drill

hole and field information. As sample numbers and locations

are the key for later extraction and interpretation of the

exploration results, it is essential that you are particularly

thorough on noting this type of information. The field diary will

be kept in 21st NORTH archive.

IMPORTANT: While sampling, it is forbidden to wear gold or

silver jewellery to avoid contamination. Even the touch of a

sample with a gold ring may contaminate the sample with

significantly.

5.2 Sample numbering system and labelling

All samples shall be numbered NNN MMM XXXXXX, where

prefix NNN is the area code, MMM is the sample type, and

XXXXXX is a unique six-digit number.

In 2012 the following area codes will be used:

___ ________________________

___ ________________________

___ ________________________

___ ________________________

___ ________________________

___ ________________________

When working outside licence areas, ask your geologist in

charge.

Eight different sample types are used:

Hard Rock Samples

RCH: hard Rock CHannel

RCP: hard Rock ChiP

RGC: in situ bedRock Grab Composite

RGB: in situ bedRock GraB high-grade

RTR: hard Rock Transported

RDC: hard Rock from Drill Core

Sediment Samples

SSS: Stream Sediment

SSC: Sediment SCree

SOE: SOil sEdiment

MMI: Mobile Metal Ions Soil

The unique six-digit number XXXXXX originates from the tear-

out sample book provided by the project leader. The two-part

tags are numbered and contain printed areas for providing

appropriate sample information. The lower half of the tag is

put in a small Mini-Grip plastic bag and inserted in the sample

bag together with the rock or sediment material.

The unique sample number is ALSO written - WITH LEGIBLE

LETTERS/NUMBERS - on the outside of the individual sample

bags; either on the yellow label (white cloth bags) or with a

permanent marker pen on the front of the transparent plastic

bags.

NOTE: hard rock samples follow one set of numbers and

sediment samples another. You must have 2 sets of tear-out

sample books (for hard rock and sediment) at all times.

5.3 Sample collection and sample size

RCH, RCP: Whenever possible, rock sampling should be

carried out either as continuous profiles that cross-cut

lithological units or alteration systems which are

previously mapped. These profiles should be

perpendicular to strike and the use of a rock saw is

recommended (RCH). As for drill holes, the sampling is

ideally continuous. Samples are taken according to

geological breaks and the section-length must be at least 2

meters long but must not exceed 5 meters. Again, sample

length may be shorter for specific types of exploration (0.5

or 1 m). If a vein is present in the profile, make sure to

include the immediate contact zones in the sample

containing the vein. Make sure that no sub-section or

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geological units are over-represented in the individual

sample. A sample should weigh at least 2 kg.

NOTE: Representative reference samples must be collected

from each sample and saved separately in clearly labelled

bags for later inspection. The reference sample is collected

from the flanks of the saw profile.

RGC: If a continuous chip or channel sample is unattainable,

the lithological unit or alteration system is sampled

systematically by a number of representative chips (try to

cover a larger area by composing no less than 5-7 equal

size sub-samples). A complete sample should weigh at

least 2 kg.

NOTE: Representative reference samples must be collected

from each sample and saved separately in clearly labelled

bags for later inspection.

RTR: The sample size of 2 kg should be respected. Make a note

of whether the sample appears to represent material of

local origin.

NOTE: A chip is taken from the original float/boulder as a

reference sample and saved separately in a clearly labelled

bag for later inspection.

Make sure that all samples represent fresh (non-weathered)

rock material.

Reference samples should be the size of a match box (5 cm) as

they may later be used for preparation of polished or thin

sections.

SSS: Stream sediment may vary in composition from place to

place because of grain-size sorting and differences in

content of organic matter or precipitated oxides. In order

to obtain a representative sample at a site, unsorted

material (for gold exploration) is collected and sieved.

If possible, material of about the same fineness and organic

content should be collected at different sample sites so that

values will be comparable. Sub-samples collected in this

way are mixed and analysed as one composite sample.

At all sample points, care must be taken to avoid sampling

collapsed bank material of local origin, particularly when

banks are composed of colluviums derived from the

adjoining slopes.

In flowing streams, waterproof boots are helpful in order

to get into the active stream away from the banks. For

relatively coarse-grained samples from fast-flowing

streams, especially in gold exploration, it is necessary to

collect enough material to obtain a 2 kg sample of the

required fine material (<1 mm) for chemical analysis. Wet

sieving in the field is helpful in reducing the volume of

large samples poor in fines.

SSC: These samples are preferably collected just above the

rock/scree interface to avoid any doubt about the nature of

the sample (local scree reflecting the bedrock above, or a

moraine?). A good scree sample is collected across the

scree cone. The size should be similar to the above

described stream sediment sample.

SOE: Exploration can include soil sampling programmes. This

procedure entails digging holes at specified intervals to

collect soil samples from identified soil horizons. The

samples are analysed for the elements sought or for

related "pathfinder" elements. Accurate location and

identification of soil horizons is necessary for the

preparation and interpretation of a soil geochemical

survey. As soils develop over time they produce distinctive

horizons. In general, in temperate climates with normal

vegetation, just below the leaf mould is a rich black soil

horizon which is termed the 'A' horizon. It is rich in

nutrients and hosts the plant rootlets. At the base of this

rich black soil there is usually a leached zone, grey to white

in colour, termed the 'A2' horizon from which metallic

elements have been leached. Below the 'A' horizon is a tan

to rich brown coloured horizon called the 'B' horizon. This

horizon tends to concentrate metallic ions which have

been brought up by ground water from below and leached

down from the 'A' horizon above by precipitation. This 'B'

horizon is the preferred horizon for soil sampling. Below

the 'B' horizon the soil is generally grey in colour. This is

the 'C' horizon. If the surface is underlain by glacial till, the

'C' horizon will simply grade into the raw glacial till. The

size should be similar to the stream sediment sample

described above.

MMI: Mobile Metal Ion Geochemistry is an advanced surface

exploration method used to accurately locate deep ore

deposits at depth through various soils, scree or moraine

covers. The technique measures mobile metal ions

(charged metal atoms and molecules) released from ore

bodies that have migrated into surface soils from

mineralization below.

Sampling can be done on a regular grid (e.g.100m x 50m

spacings) or an irregular grid. In both cases GPS

coordinates should be used. Coverage should extend from

ground suspected to be anomalous off onto background. In

the absence of an orientation survey to define the proper

sampling depth, the recommended sample collection

procedures are:

I. In normal soil environments samples should be

collected 10 to 25 cm below the surface at a

consistent depth.

II. The initial step in taking an MMI soil sample

requires the 10cm surface soil layer to be scraped

away eliminating loose non-decomposed organic

matter, debris, and any possible contamination.

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III. The sample is then taken between 10 and 25 cm

depth. The sample should be a continuous

“composite” taken over this 15 cm interval.

IV. Using a plastic scoop or shovel take a cross section of

the material between the 10 to 25 cm depth and put

into clean, properly labeled plastic bags. Collect

approx. 250 to 350 grams of coarsely sieved sample

material. No other sample preparation is required.

V. Each sample should be labeled with a unique code,

placed in a zip-lock plastic bag, and the position

coordinates recorded.

Do not vary depth beneath the true soil interface, or target

a specific layer/feature of a soil profile when sampling. The

mobile element concentrations are linked to the process of

capillary rise and the depth at which water is removed

from a soil by evaporation and evapo-transpiration. Any

significant variation in sampling depth and technique can

cause severe problems for interpretation. It is imperative

that all samples are collected in a consistent manner.

5.4 Sample description and location

Sample descriptions and easily readable lists of locations shall

be prepared and must be delivered to the project leader before

the survey area is left. Every sample is numbered in

accordance with the numbering system described above.

Hard Rock Sample:

The following parameters should be considered/noted when

describing hard rock samples, as they may later become

important for interpretation of the exploration results:

Sample: Type, Project, Sample number, Sampler, Length,

Start-End, Date

Site: Location, Altitude

Stratigraphy: Reliability

Rock Description: Structures, Colour, Grain size,

Constituent minerals and Rock type

Ore Description: Ore minerals, Ore volume, Ore structures,

Ore grain size and Alterations

Sediment Sample:

Sample: Type, Project, Sample number, Sampler, Date

Site: Location, Altitude

Source Rock Stratigraphy: Main source rock and

subsidiary source rocks, Reliability

Stream Conditions: Stream order, Flow rate, Stream bed,

Bed sediment size, Sorting in bed and Staining

Sample Description: Sample size, Heavy minerals

Note: Indications of contamination

The localisation in Greenland of samples and map information

is a key problem, which should be addressed by using

geographical longitude and latitude coordinates in decimal

degrees or UTM grid references.

Positioning of samples is done using handheld GPS receivers.

Always check that the GPS receiver uses the preferred geodetic

datum WGS84, and regularly calibrate the altimeter. A manual

for using the GPS receiver is located in the office box of each

flight camp.

Notes: If positioning by GPS is not possible due to steep

topography or poor satellite coverage, an alternative location

should be positioned in close proximity and a note made of the

distance and bearing to the actual sample site.

Make sure that even closely spaced samples are given a unique

position. Each sample in a chip profile must be positioned

uniquely – either by GPS measurements or by interpolations

between opening and end positions.

5.5 Drill Core - Transportation from drill site

Transportation of drill core to the logging facility must be in a

manner to minimize or eliminate shifting of material in the

core boxes. In order to secure a safe transport of drill core from

the drill site to the logging facility, specially designed heavy

duty sling cages should be used. The standard sling cages are

manufactured to carry app. 1.5 tonnes; however the maximum

recommended load of drill core should not exceed 700-800 kg

in order to assure safe transport by helicopter. Each sling cage

weights app. 80 kg. Hence, the maximum number of full core

boxes loaded into the sling cage should not exceed 24 boxes.

Prior to transport the cage must be securely locked and

attached to two approved sling straps for the helicopter.

Furthermore, the core boxes should be fixated by a tie-down

strapped across the sides of the cage.

5.6 Drill Core - Sampling procedure

The drill core is first measured and logged (mapped) in order

to describe lithological changes, alteration and mineralisation,

and then divided into sample sections by the Project Geologist

for geochemical analysis or other investigation.

There is always the problem of obtaining a representative split

of the core. Great care must be taken to avoid this problem.

This issue should be discussed with the project leader. Samples

are taken according to the geological breaks. The section-

length defining a sample is 1-2 meters on average. Longer

samples may be collected, but never exceeding 5 meters.

Sometimes, shorter samples are required, e.g. in exploration

for platinum-group metals. A 2-meter core sample weighs

approx. 5 kg whereas a 5-meter sample will weigh 12.5 kg. The

complete drill hole (or parts of the drill hole that are important

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and are chosen by the project geologist) must be sampled on a

continuous basis. A sample should be at least 2 kg.

All drill cores selected for sampling are carefully sawed along a

cut line by a diamond rock saw. Alternatively core splitting is

done using an impact core splitter. One half of the core stays in

the core box for reference according to BMP regulations and

the other half is labelled, packed and sent to sample prep and

analysis. NOTE: No reference samples are collected as the

remaining half of the drill core is available for later inspection.

The following sample procedure is recommended:

1) All samples should be packed in heavy-gage plastic sample

bags. In addition, the lower part of a two-part sample tag,

which is numbered and contain printed areas for providing

appropriate sample information, is placed in a small Mini-

Grip plastic bag and inserted in the sample bag together

with the halved core and any loose chips and fragments

from the same half. The sample tag is usually placed in the

core box by the project geologist. All samples shall be

numbered with the following code LM XXXXXX where

XXXXXX is a unique six-digit number corresponding to the

sample tag originating from the tear-out sample book

provided by the project geologist.

2) The code is written with a water proof pen on the front of

the bag. Make sure that the sample tag and the sample

code are matching. In case of two different numbers the

sample tag will always be regarded as the valid sample

number by the designated prep and assay lab

3) If working in different license areas or upon collection of

sample types different from Rock Drill Core ask the 21st

NORTH Project Geologist or Project Manager for guidance

4) After labelling, each sample bag is closed with clear

packaging tape

5) In addition to core samples the Project Geologist will also

prepare so-called “standards”, “blanks” and “duplicate”

samples. These samples are pre-numbered and packed by

the Project Geologist and may be found in the office

building. Before proceeding with the sample procedure

these samples should be combined with the core samples

and lined up in correct order

6) The closed sample bags are placed in rice bags marked

with Project Name and Sample Series. Depending on the

size of the samples (i.e. sample length) a maximum weight

of c. 25-30 kg is loaded into each bag in order to avoid

injuries during lifting

7) The rice bags shall be closed by strips prior to transport to

prep lab

5.7 Shipping of Drill Core to Designated Laboratory

Prior to shipping of drill core samples to the designated prep

lab a prefab sample batch form must be completed and

attached to the relevant samples. The batch form is shall be

secured in a waterproof clear folder and placed within the first

rice sample bag containing the lowest sample numbers of the

relevant batch (bag no. 1 of xx).

Ideally all bags belonging to a single batch should be shipped at

the same time, however, depending on the size of the batch and

the loading capacity of the ship or helicopter only part of the

batch may be shipped at one time. In all cases, the Project

Manager shall record the date and the exact list of samples

being shipped at any given time.

Upon arrival in the nearest town the samples must be collected

by an approved person (carrier) of 21st NORTH. This person is

responsible for further transport of the samples to the

designated laboratory for preparation and assay.

5.8 Field measurement convention for structural data

Planar Data: Strike and Dip

Planar geologic features are measured as “strike and dip”

according to the “right-hand rule”. “Strike” is the directional

bearing of a horizontal like tracing across the planar surface.

The “strike” is measured in such a direction [0°-360°] that the

down-dip direction is on the right side of the compass. This

convention prevents us from drawing the dip direction on the

wrong side of the strike line. The “dip” is the angle [0°-90°] of

the slope of the plane below horizontal. We report strike and

dip data as (245°/32°).

Linear Data: Trend and Plunge

Linear features are measured as “trend and plunge”. First,

approximate the trend and plunge with a non-magnetic linear

object (such as a pencil). Measure the bearing of the pencil in

the down-plunge direction. The plunge can be measured

directly off the pencil using the inclinometer or can be

approximated by standing perpendicular to the plunge

direction and holding the compass up and visually aligning it

along the plunging feature. The convention of reporting the

plunge and trend is (35°/342°) or “plunging 35 degrees toward

342°.”

5.9 Field test for nickel

A simple wet chemical spot test is available for all field teams

to recognise (metallic) nickel enrichment. The spot test

consists of two components, a 10% ammonia solution and a

dimethyl glyoxime solution. Dimethyl glyoxime produces a

bright, reddish-pink insoluble salt with metallic nickel. The

spot test detects free nickel down to a limit of 100 ppm.

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As the method is only detecting free metallic nickel, it should

primarily be used on rusty, weathered surfaces and the results

are therefore to some extent uncertain. A positive reaction (red

reaction) is of course a clear sign of the presence of nickel in

the sample but previous experience has found negative

reactions on testing rusty boulders from known nickel-copper

mineralisation.

Map A: Isogonic map showing lines of equal magnetic

declination for the year 2006. IGRF10 epoch 2006.5

5.10 Quality assurance QA/QC in the field

At the end of the day, fill in a sheet listing every sample you

have taken on that day, stating NNN MMM XXXXXX, and give

the position where the individual samples have been piled up

for later pick-up. Give this sheet to the geologist in charge, who

will then communicate it to Container Camp.

5.11 Magnetic declination

It is possible to adjust the Silva/Suunto compasses with

respect to the local magnetic deviation. Map A of Greenland

shows lines of equal magnetic declination for the year 2006.

However, there is a considerable change every year which

makes it necessary to reconstruct the map every 5th year. For

the period 2006–2011, it is possible to adjust the magnetic

declination of any locality using the information in Map B. For

example, the magnetic declination around Saqqaq in 2008 will

be:

Map B: Annual secular changes in the magnetic deviation shall

be used together with the isogonic map of magnetic declination.

IGRF10 epoch 2006.5

39°W + (2002-2006) * 36’E

39°W + 2 * 36’E

39°W - 2 * 36’W

39°W - 72’W = +37°48’W

5.12 Standard colours for field maps

Fair-copy field maps must be supplied by all 21st NORTH

mapping geologists. To ease the map compilation, standard

symbols and colours should be used wherever possible.

Standard colours for various lithological units in crystalline

areas and the matching old (2nd column) and new (2nd

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column) Stabilo pencil numbers (supplied in the standard

office box) are listed below.

Siliceous rocks

Yellow 8744 87/205

Pelitic rocks

Medium brown 8735 87/625

Mica schist

Dark brown 8745 87/635

Carbonate rocks

Light blue 8731 87/450

Amphibolites, basic rocks

Green 8736 87/530

Intermediate rocks

Medium green 8743 87/520

Gneiss, migmatite

Orange 8754 87/235

Granite, acid extrusive

Dark red 8750 87/325

Anorthosite

Pale violet 8737 87/340

Ultramafic rocks

Violet 8755 87/385

Gabbroic rocks

Black 8746 87/750

Basalt

Grey 8749 87/728

Green schists

Light green 8733 87/575

6 USING MOTORISED VEHICLES

According to BMP regulations, driving of motorized vehicles as

part of field work and construction of temporary work roads

are subject to BMP's approval. The following is an outline of

regulations and key points of importance with respect to 21st

NORTH´s exploration activities if authorisation for driving of

motorised vehicles is acquired from the BMP. A full description

of rules can be found in BMP´s “Rules for field work and

reporting regarding mineral resources (excluding

hydrocarbons)”.

– Planned areas and routes encompassing the use of

motorized vehicles and driving operations shall be

outlined on maps and aerial photos on the largest available

scale. Unless unavoidable do not drive outside of marked

areas and be sure to follow any outlined driving routes or

road tracks

– Temporary work roads and tracks shall be marked clearly

and to the extent possible avoid water ways, lakes and

catchment areas

– Routes to be used repeatedly shall be marked in such a

way that they can be easily found again during the

prevailing weather conditions in which the driving is

carried out. Any marking shall be removed when

motorized activities terminate

– Safety rules for driving on ice and glaciers shall be obeyed

under all circumstances. This means avoiding critical areas

such as crevasses, cracks, thin ice etc. (see Health & Safety

Procedures manual - HASP)

– All snow mobiles must be equipped with a fire

extinguisher at all times

– Vehicles shall be kept in a state of good repair.

Unnecessary noise and spill of engine and hydraulic oil

shall be avoided

– The use of motorized vehicles shall only be used in relation

to work activities and shall under no circumstances be

used for recreation only

7 SAFETY IN THE FIELD

More or less serious accidents occur every year during field

work in Greenland, and in many cases, these could have been

avoided by conducting a proper field practice. It is therefore

important that all field participants are familiar with the safety

regulations before embarking on the field work, principally to

prevent accidents in the field, subsidiary to know how to act if

accidents occur.

Therefore, read this section carefully. Be aware that the

section is not complete - common sense and proper equipment

are your main safety kit! Further information can be found in

the Health and Safety Procedures manual.

21st NORTH supplies good quality field and emergency

equipment, including field radios and satellite phones at

working areas. Field personnel should ensure that their

personal clothing and footwear are adequate for a full field

season.

It is generally very difficult to locate people in the field, so it is

essential that everyone wears bright clothing (VEST, trousers

and/or coat) in safety colours like ORANGE, YELLOW or RED.

7.1 Emergency Equipment

– 21st NORTH supplies each Field Camp with a medicine

chest. Instructions for medicines etc. are included with the

box. Read these instructions carefully at the beginning of

the season, and when medicines are required. The use of

strong medicine should be reported to the Project Manager

in all cases.

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– All field personnel are also supplied with a personal first

aid pack as part of the individual personnel equipment.

This package is part of the field equipment that must be

available at all times. In addition, the first aid pack contains

an aluminium foil blanket which will keep an incapacitated

person lying on the ground warm until help arrives.

– Emergency flares, a signal mirror (heliograph) and a

whistle will be made available to all field personnel. These

items should be part of the daily equipment carried in the

field at all times. They can be used to attract the attention

of other persons and helicopters. The signal pen has

proven not to be very effective in most cases - so try the

other items first. Remember that the RED FLARES ARE

ONLY TO BE USED IN EMERGENCY.

– Each Field Camp is supplied with an emergency locator

transmitter (ELT beacon), which alerts radio stations along

the coast via satellite. This emergency equipment is only to

be used when life is in danger. The camp leader will

instruct the field personnel in use of the beacon.

– Firearms are provided for teams working in areas with

dangerous animals.

– A small fire extinguisher is available in all field camps. This

extinguisher should be placed in the kitchen tent (the only

tent where any kind of fire, e.g. stoves or cigarettes, is

allowed!). Do not smoke or use the stoves or gas lamps in

the sleeping tents!

– Teams lifted out by helicopter or travelling across water by

boat should bring along gear for a lightweight camp (incl.

satellite telephone) to minimise the effort needed in the

event of rescue.

– Emergency operation of the radios is described elsewhere

in this field manual.

7.2 Emergency situations

In case of accident or illness requiring assistance, your satellite

telephone or VHF radio is the usual and best means of

obtaining help. The ELT beacon is only to be used in emergency

situations where no contact can be established otherwise.

Procedures to be followed during emergency situations are

described in the HASP.

Heliographs and fluorescent cloths can be used to attract

attention in the field or in the camp. Fire is also regarded as an

emergency signal, especially when smoking. Do not signal ships

or aircraft if you do not need help, unless they are looking for

you for other reasons. A human figure is best seen from a

distance when moving and on a background of snow or sky.

When the sun is low, large letters or arrows trodden into soft

snow can be seen at great distance.

First aid instructions are included in the medicine chests.

7.3 Helicopter operations

It is important to develop good helicopter habits: The pilots

know far too many stories of those who didn’t. So follow the

instructions from the pilot as well as the instructions below.

The pilot is responsible for you, but you could still cause an

accident. NOTE: when involved in sling operations in camp or

drill site make sure that the sling area is secure and free of any

loose objects. Airborne equipment may pose a serious risk to

both personnel on the ground as well as the helicopter rotor

(see HASP for more information on helicopter sling work):

– Always approach the helicopter from the front (bend

down), or from the side, and make eye contact with the

pilot. This is to avoid the almost invisible and deadly tail

rotor, and to ensure that the pilot can see you.

– Always bend down when approaching or leaving a

helicopter. This is to avoid the main rotor, which often

droops to ‘neck height’ when it slows down during engine

shutdown. When being dropped off with rotors running

stay close to the helicopter within the pilots view until the

helicopter has taken off.

– In uneven terrain, when the helicopter touches the ground

with both floats, always leave the helicopter downhill, and

approach uphill using the downhill door.

– In uneven terrain where the helicopter keeps one float in

the air, approach the helicopter uphill, then go around the

front to the hill side where the float is in contact with the

ground, and use the door on this side.

– Follow the pilot’s instructions when loading the helicopter

(or another aircraft), to ensure an even weight

distribution.

– Seat belts must be kept fastened during flight. Sit still,

especially during take-off and landing.

– Pay attention to closing the doors properly and make sure

that seat belts etc. doesn’t get trapped in the door opening.

– Always carry long objects horizontally with both hands

and a firm grip near the helicopter - beware of the main

rotor! Never throw anything, light or heavy, when near a

helicopter.

– Near an aircraft and especially near a helicopter, all light

items must be weighed down very securely. It may be best

to carry them away from the aircraft and sit on them. This

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is to avoid damage to the helicopter or persons around it

by flying objects whirled up into the air by the main rotor.

– Smoking is strictly prohibited.

– In the camp a wind cone should hang free in order to give

the pilot a pre-landing check on the wind direction and

wind force. Place the radio antenna (marked with flagging

tape or strips of fluorescent cloth) and the wind cone in

such a way as to leave a suitable landing site open for the

helicopter.

Correct and safe behaviour for helicopter operations.

– A person on the ground may show the wind direction to

the pilot by turning his or her back to the wind, stretching

out the arms to each side. Usually the pilot will then select

a landing site himself.

– Be sure not to damage the floats, for example by stepping

on them with crampons attached to boots.

– Helicopters make a lot of noise, which increases the stress

level. It is important to remain calm, think straight, and not

to rush when working with helicopters.

– Be aware that a helicopter, during a sling operation, will

move to its right or right of load (facing front) in case of

engine failure or other emergency requiring an immediate

landing.

– Bring an emergency camp (made of your own field

gear) for all persons participating in a reconnaissance.

– Use the standard marshalling signals during sling

operations.

Visual Signal Meaning Visual Signal Meaning

Depart in the Direction Shown

Hover

Engage Rotor

Move Upwards

Move Horizontally Left

Move Horizontally Right

Move Downwards (at the Hover)Release Sling Load

Standard marshalling signals for helicopters as seen by the pilot

7.4 Boat operations

Working from small boats is effective and enjoyable. It is

common knowledge that icebergs should be given a very wide

berth. However, the danger of falling overboard into very cold

water is frequently underestimated. In cold water of 0-5°C, it is

possible to survive for about 2 hours before hypothermia

causes death, but if you are not wearing a life jacket you will

probably lose consciousness and drown in less than 10

minutes. Make a habit of wearing the supplied life jacket at sea.

The following rules are important when using boats and in

case of an accident:

– Never sail out alone

– Always wear a life jacket

– Always use the dead-man button (the feature on the engine

that automatically stops the motor)

– Always bring a VHF and/or satellite phone

– Always have paddles or similar in the boat

– Bring sufficient petrol for the trip

– Bring a first aid kid + helicopter mirror or similar.

MAN OVERBOARD

– Avoid panic

– Move around as little as possible in cold water to minimise

heat loss.

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– Turn the boat away from the wind (wind and sea coming in

from the back)

– Disengage the motor (idle). Help the person back on board.

If practical, switch the engine off, and use the propeller as a

staircase.

– Victims with a body temperature below 30°C appear dead,

but may be revived by warming them in a bathtub with

water at 34°C for 5-10 minutes, then raise the water

temperature to 40-45°C. Arms, legs, and ears should not be

immersed. If a bathtub and warm water are not available,

remove the wet clothes and wrap blankets or dry clothes

around the victim’s body and legs, preferably with a layer

of plastic innermost. Afterwards, wrap up the arms and

head.

Conscious victims should drink warm, sugary liquids

NOT ALCOHOL!

7.5 Carbon monoxide poisoning

You must ventilate the tent frequently if the stoves burn for

long periods and the tent is wet, snow covered, and/or sealed.

This is to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.

Carbon monoxide is seldom recognised as such, although the

victim may experience headache, dizziness, confusion or heavy

limbs. The victim must get fresh air right away and preferably

oxygen. In serious cases, artificial respiration is necessary.

7.6 Hypothermia / wet-cold exposure

Clothing soaked by rain and exposed to the wind may lead to

hypothermia, i.e. the body losing heat faster than it can be

generated. Even in physically fit persons, this condition may

result in a fall in body temperature, tiredness, and collapse in a

few hours. In case of hypothermia, remove all wet clothing and

wrap the person in blankets, sleeping bags, etc. This will not

warm the person, but will reduce the heat loss. If the treatment

is successful, the internal heat produced by the body will warm

the body ca. 1°C per hour. A person suffering from

hypothermia should be given something warm and sweet, like

cocoa, to drink - NEVER ALCOHOL. Be aware that a person

suffering badly from hypothermia often undresses themselves,

for unknown reasons.

The danger of hypothermia can be largely avoided by always

carrying waterproofs and a spare sweater, wearing warm

underclothes and warm thick trousers and by not undertaking

ambitious excursions in dubious weather.

7.7 Frostbite

Skin tissue freezes below -1.6°C. Frostbite occurs when ice

crystals growth between the tissue cells and the cells

dehydrate. A dehydrated cell dies after some time. The

seriousness of frostbite depends on how quickly the cells

freeze. Cells do not dehydrate completely during quick

freezing, in which case there is a good chance of saving the

frozen parts.

The ice crystals between the cells are the first to thaw. The

dehydration of the cells therefore continues while thawing, but

stops when all ice crystals have disappeared. It is important to

notice that the thawing process is just as dangerous as the

freezing. Below is an outline of how to detect frostbite and how

to treat it.

– There is a danger of frostbite when you lose feeling in your

hands or feet due to cold. In this case keep moving, e.g. clap

your hands, and feeling will slowly return – but this hurts.

– Frostbite in the face occurs quickly in cold weather, even

without wind, below -20°C. Frostbite in the face is easily

recognised by white spots in the otherwise red skin. The

treatment is simply to avoid further cooling. Frostbite in

the face is seldom deep or dangerous.

– Frostbite is not deep if the skin can be moved over the

frozen part. The immediate treatment of surface frostbite

is to warm the frozen part, e.g. place the frozen foot on the

stomach of another person until the foot warms up - then

seek help but avoid using the foot. Frostbite is deep if the

thawing method described above is not successful after 20

minutes of treatment. In this case, seek help immediately

because the only way to thaw the frost-bitten parts is in a

40-44°C warm water bath

– After successful treatment, the affected skin is treated like

an open wound (like a burn) or covered with dry sterile

bandage. Blisters may form (this is a positive sign), but do

not puncture the blisters as this may cause infection.

– Always contact a doctor or a hospital after frostbite.

7.8 Wildlife

Experience with wildlife is common when working in

Greenland. In general, if you ignore them they will ignore you.

Most animals are very rarely aggressive when unprovoked. In

North and East Greenland, rifles are supplied for individual

self-defence. In West Greenland one high powered is issued per

camp. In the field, weapons should be carried/stored so that

they are easily accessible, and they should be stored in the

tents at night. An attacking animal is best crippled by shooting

in the shoulder, after which it can be finished off in safety.

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Shooting against the head of a polar bear or musk ox can be

dangerous for you.

If a musk ox, polar bear, walrus, etc. is killed in self-defence, the

nearest police station and the public authorities shall be

notified as soon as possible.

7.9 Guidelines on POLAR BEARS encounter

– Polar Bears and Humans - Polar bears are potentially

dangerous animals, and you should never move around in

polar bear territory without being well prepared.

Accidents with fatal outcomes are highly unlikely if you

follow a few simple procedures.

– Avoid confrontations - Pay attention to your

surroundings at all times and be prepared to meet polar

bears whenever and wherever travelling or camping. Take

measures to avoid confrontations and dangerous

situations. If you spot a bear at a distance, avoid an en-

counter by staying out of its path, and never move toward

the bear. The call of adventure or the desire to take

photographs does not justify putting yourself, your

companions or the polar bear in danger.

– Camp location - Avoid setting up camps in areas where

encounters are most likely. Polar bears often follow the

shoreline, both in summer and winter, so camps should

always be placed some distance from the shore, preferably

with a good view in all directions. Avoid camping near the

front of glaciers, close to ravines and narrow valleys or

close to possible den sites. Always avoid setting up a camp

in areas where there are polar bear tracks.

– Cooking and food storage - Polar bears can smell food

over very long distances and dangerous situations can

arise when bears are attracted by food at camp sites or

cabins. It is therefore important to store food securely, in a

manner that prevents bears from having access to it –

away from sleeping tents. Pack food in plastic or place it

inside food boxes to reduce the odour, and be particularly

alert when preparing food outdoors. Avoid cooking strong-

smelling food inside tents, because the odour remains in

the tent canvas for prolonged periods, making them

attractive to bears. You must never use food to attract

polar bears and never feed them. Bears that have been fed

become bolder in approaching people and there is an

increased likelihood of encounters where the bear will be

shot or people hurt or killed.

– Waste disposal - Polar bears are attracted by the smell of

garbage and waste. They will come to check if anything

edible can be found. In a camp situation, waste should be

stored some distance away from the main camp ground in

a spot that can be monitored easily.

– Be armed - Always have a sufficiently powerful weapon at

hand when travelling outside settlements. Be prepared to

scare away approaching bears using a scaring device. Polar

bears are large and formidable, and a wounded bear is a

“worst-case scenario”. Human fatalities have occurred

when people have defended themselves against polar

bears with weapons of insufficient calibre. A high powered

MARLIN 1895 GS Lever Action CAL 45/70 rifle is included

in all 21st NORTH/Xploration Services Security & Safety

packing’s. Make sure that you are familiar with the weapon

to the point where you can aim it and operate it under

stress. If you have never shot before, get instructions and

training from an experienced person.

– Be sure that your gun is in good serviceable condition and

that it is clean – oil can jam a gun if it is cold outside. To

avoid accidents, keep the chamber empty; keep shells

ready in a loaded magazine. Other bear deterrent

equipment (flares) and extra shells should be kept so that

they are easily found should a bear enter the camp.

– Encounters with polar bears / Weapon ready - Have

your weapon ready for use, but put a shell into the

chamber only when the bear is so close that you feel the

situation is threatening.

– Assess the situation - Polar bears do not usually look

upon humans as food. But they are naturally curious and

will check out everything in their search for food. A really

hungry bear will eat almost anything. Young animals are

often the most dangerous; they are inexperienced, have

limited hunting skills and may have a hard time catching

prey. But older weak animals that have trouble catching

normal prey can also be dangerous. Bears can be a

problem if they get taken by surprise and feel they have to

defend themselves. Females with young cubs are usually

quite shy, but if you surprise them by suddenly appearing

at a short distance, they are also very dangerous because

they will defend their cubs.

– Be aware that if there is one bear in the area, chances are

good there is another one around too. Maybe the female

walking away from you is being followed by a male. Maybe

the bear you see is an adolescent cub a short distance from

its mother.

– Most bears will run away when confronted by humans, or

at least attempt to avoid an encounter, even if they are

curious. Many situations can be assessed with some com-

mon sense and knowledge of bear behaviour. If there is

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time, your first step should be to determine what kind of

polar bear(s) you are dealing with, and whether it is

interested in you or not.

– Make yourself visible - If the bear moves directly toward

you, make yourself visible early and also make noise.

Shouting and clapping of hands or starting an engine, i.e. a

snowmobile or outboard engine will make the bear aware

of you. This may be enough to cause the bear to withdraw.

– Warning shots/flare shots - If the bear’s interest in you

or the camp continues, you should be prepared to use a

signal pistol with crack cartridges, or shoot a warning shot

from a rifle to scare it away. Start preparing to take action

when the bear is still at some distance. Flare shots are the

best equipment for this (i.e. better than using a rifle). Aim

such that the flare lands between you and the bear (i.e. not

behind the bear). If you are using a rifle, be careful not to

shoot into the ground too close to the bear, because

ricochets may hurt the animal. If the bear is already

moving toward you, aim to one side or above its head to

avoid hitting it accidentally. Continue shooting rifle shots

or flares until it retreats. In nearly all cases this will be

sufficient to scare curious or even aggressive bears away

– If you have to shoot the bear - If an aggressive bear

attacks with no sign of being scared away by warning

shots, shoot with the aim to kill. This is a last resort. Aim

for the chest, below the head, either from the front or the

side. Do not attempt a shot in the head because the skull of

polar bears is tough and well protected by heavy muscles,

and the vulnerable area is surprisingly small even on a big

bear. Keep shooting until the bear lies still, and do not

approach it until you are sure it is dead. Even then

approach the bear from behind. Do not move the bear or

remove anything from the scene. Contact the BMP and the

nearest Police Department

If forced to shoot a polar bear, aim at the chest or the shoulder.

Wind Chill Factor

Wind speed Air temperature °C

Beaufort Knots Km/h Mph m/s +10 +5 -1 -7

1 1-3 1-5 1-3 1-2 Light air +10 +4 -2 -8

2 4-6 6-11 4-7 2-3 Light breeze +9 +3 -3 -9

3 7-10 12-19 8-12 4-5 Gentle breeze +5 -2 -9 -16

4 11-16 20-28 13-18 6-7 Moderate breeze +2 -6 -14 -21

5 17-21 29-38 19-24 8-10 Fresh breeze 0 -8 -16 -24

6 22-27 39-49 25-31 11-13 Strong breeze -1 -9 -18 -26

7 28-33 50-61 32-38 14-16 Near gale -2 -11 -19 -28

8 34-40 62-74 39-46 17-20 Gale -3 -12 -20 -29

9 41-47 75-88 47-55 21-24 Strong gale -3 -12 -21 -30

10 48-55 89-102 56-64 25-28 Storm

11 56-63 103-117 65-73 29-32 Violent storm

12 >64 >118 >74 >33 Hurricane

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7.10 Explosives

According to the standard conditions for prospecting and

exploration licences for minerals, blasting operations require

specific approval by the mineral authorities before the activity

commences.

For approval of blasting operations, an application shall be

forwarded to the mineral authorities. Blasting shall only be

carried out by a responsible blaster holding a certificate.

Import, transport, storage and use of explosives and

detonators shall be carried out in accordance with the

regulations applicable to the given nation or area. In

Greenland, these regulations have been prepared for use in

towns and settlements, and cannot be used in all respects

directly in the field. The blaster may therefore, at his own

discretion, deviate slightly from these regulations whereas

major deviations are subject to the BMP’s approval.

The regulations (of 16 July 2007), comprise chapters with the

following contents:

– Transport of explosive materials - transport of explosive

materials by plane or helicopter is covered by provisions

in the aviation legislation. Transport of explosive materials

by ships or other vessels is covered by provisions in the

navigation legislation concerning transport of dangerous

goods. During transport, explosives and detonators shall

be separated and transported on separate carriers.

– Establishment and operation of stores in the field -

stores in the field shall be established with lockable,

portable magazines. The magazines, their location and

safety distances shall be approved by BMP. Explosive

materials that are not being transported or used shall be

stored in magazines designed for the purpose. Explosives

and detonators shall be stored in separate magazines. As

far as possible, the materials shall be stored in their

unopened original packaging until first use. The magazines

shall only contain the explosive materials for which they

have been designed. The magazines shall be kept locked,

except when explosive materials are being delivered or

removed. The keys shall be kept in a safe place, so that they

do not fall into the wrong hands. Delivery and removal of

explosive materials shall be carried out by the blaster

himself. The blaster shall keep a log of every magazine, so

that he at any time can account for received, used and

stored quantities of explosive materials. During storage of

explosive materials, the magazines shall be inspected

regularly by the licencee.

– Blasting operations - shall be carried out in accordance

with instructions published by Danish Federation of

Explosives Engineers. Misfires occurring during blasting

operations shall be handled in accordance with the

following guidelines:

1) A misfire shall be destroyed by the blaster as soon as

possible, unless the blaster considers it too risky to

destroy the misfire.

2) A misfire that is not destroyed shall be marked and

identified clearly, so that it can be found again.

3) A misfire that is not destroyed shall immediately be

reported to the mineral authorities with indication of

position, place and size of the charge, and the reason

why it has not been destroyed. Subsequently, the

authorities will decide what steps shall be taken.

4) The mineral authorities may order misfires to be

destroyed at the expense of the licencee.

– Destruction of explosives - unused explosives and

detonators shall be destroyed by the blaster or person

with competent knowledge of this kind of work.

Destruction of large quantities of explosives or detonators

is subject to the mineral authority´s approval.

– Clearing and restoration work - the blast area shall be

cleaned up as soon as possible. After blasting operations,

cables etc. shall be removed from the blast area and the

ground shall be restored to a reasonable condition. Crater

formations shall, as far as possible, be backfilled and the

surface restored. The authorities may request that major

damage to the terrain and vegetation is restored.

– Contingency planning - prior to blasting operations,

written procedures will have been prepared and a

telecommunication system will have been established.

– Reporting – reports on blasting operations shall be

forwarded to the BMP.

7.11 Firearms

If firearms are present in the camp the project leader is

responsible for the instructions given to personnel unfamiliar

with weapons, and that the safety rules are respected.

Treat firearms with respect. Make sure they work at the

beginning of the season. Keep them clean and loaded with a

magazine in place but without a round in the chamber. They

should be easy to handle, or they will be useless in an

emergency.

Hunting and fishing are probited during fieldwork unless

specific permission has been given by the Greenland Home

Rule Administration.

At the end of the season, unused cartridges and the cleaned

firearms must be given back to 21st NORTH or Xploration

Services separately. Make sure that no firearms contain

cartridges in the magazines or chambers.

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8 ENVIRONMENTAL EXCELLENCE IN EXPLORATION – E3

21st NORTH expects project leaders and key personnel to act

accordingly to E3; Best Practice Guidelines for Environmental

Excellence in Exploration.

The purpose of the E3 programme is to provide cost-effective,

technically sound and internationally acceptable practices for

enhancing environmental and socio-economic performance in

mineral exploration. E3 seeks to support environmental

stewardship in the exploration stage of global mineral

development by encouraging the implementation of sound

environmental management practices by the exploration

community, its contractors and subcontractors, and by

promoting the awareness of all stakeholders.

By following E3's good practices, 21st NORTH´s performance

will promote goodwill with local communities and reduce, if

not prevent, the need for mediation, thus ensuring the long

term sustainability of the mining industry.

The following sections highlight the fundamental topics of E3.

Project leaders can acquire further information through

independent studies at the updated online e-manual available

at either of these two links:

http://private.e3mining.com

or

http://www.pdac.ca/pdac/programs/e3.html

8.1 Surveys

It is important for you to recognise that even the early stage

activities such as airborne geophysical surveys and line cutting

may have an adverse effect upon the environment and upon

local communities that may exist in or near your exploration

area. For example, you may disturb people or animals with

overflying aircraft and affect the vegetation by indiscriminate

line cutting.

You should, therefore, always make efforts to involve locals at

the outset of your programme. By doing so, you will start the

process of building trust that is essential to the long term

welfare of the project. You should aim to leave the area in the

same condition as you found it, which requires you to design

your programs to leave the lightest footprint possible.

You should also be aware that, in some parts of the world,

"local" communities may include those that have trapping,

hunting or other rights in the area even though they may live at

some distance from it. It is your responsibility to ensure that

you identify any such communities before you conduct your

survey.

8.2 Camp and associated facilities

Exploration camp construction is commonly regulated under

legislation or permit conditions, and it is your responsibility to

be aware of, and abide by, all the requirements of your permits

and the legislation that applies to them. Camps are usually the

most "permanent" structures that you will build in your

exploration programme, so you must ensure that your choice

of site is well thought out and that you have designed it so that

its operation will have the least impact on the environment and

any local communities that may exist in the area.

It is important for you to set up your camp and its associated

facilities with input from local communities at the outset of the

activity. By doing so, you will start the process of building trust

that is essential to the long term welfare of the project.

8.3 Drilling, stripping and trenching

Drilling is the one activity in your exploration programme that

deliberately introduces fluids into the subsurface. In general, it

also requires you to construct access for the drills and their

support equipment, and this disturbs the land surface. Both

may also have impact upon local communities, if any exist in

your exploration area.

There is also to possibility of disturbance to local communities

resulting from the noise of drilling, particularly at night. If your

programme is being carried out in close proximity to housing

or other habitation, you should ensure that you consult with

the inhabitants before planning to drill at night.

For these reasons it is clear that drilling has the greatest

potential for adverse environmental and socio-economic

impact of any exploration activity. It is therefore critically

important that you choose your drill equipment and contractor

with great care, and consider alternative methods and

approaches to minimise the impact of you’re drilling on both

the environment and local communities.

Stripping and trenching has the potential to disturb a

substantial amount of land and, by its very nature, will require

you to deal carefully with topsoil so that rehabilitation

programs will be effective. You should always plan your

exploration so as to minimise the amount of stripping and

trenching that you do, and to ensure that the areas disturbed

are returned to their pre-existing state as soon as possible after

the programme is complete. If there are communities in your

exploration area, you should ensure that you minimise any

impact of your programme upon them.

8.4 Archaeological and cultural sites

From time to time, exploration crews may become aware of or

suspect that sites of archaeological or cultural significance are

located on lands to be or being explored. This is a critical issue

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that must be addressed during the planning or execution of any

exploration programme. Failure to do so may create serious

legal difficulty and lead to significant conflict with local people.

There is no surer way of creating conflict than desecrating,

however unintentionally, a grave or a place of worship. Many

jurisdictions have laws and regulations pertaining to the

protection of archaeological and cultural sites and, as

professionals, we must have knowledge of these laws and be in

compliance with them.

For purposes of this discussion, archaeological sites are

considered to be sites of pre-historic or historic significance.

Significant cultural sites, while including the above, are more

difficult to define. They may be much more recent but of

importance to the culture and heritage of the peoples who have

occupied or used the lands under exploration. In many cases,

this occupation and use may be by indigenous people. One

should be aware that cultural sites might even include

prominent landmarks such as hilltops and other local

topographic features. In some areas of the world, these cultural

sites may be important evidence to support land claims.

It should be emphasised that exploration geologists must

exercise respect for such sites since they represent

irreplaceable and non-renewable resources. The record is

unique, finite and fragile. It is particularly important to

recognise that the heritage of indigenous people will likely

constitute the greater part of the archaeological record in

many areas that may be explored for mineral potential. There

are both cultural and spiritual links between indigenous people

and the archaeological record that must be honoured and

respected during mineral exploration programs.

There are a number of practical steps that can be taken by

mining companies to ensure compliance with the above

requirements and principles.

– Become aware of any laws and regulations pertaining to

the protection of archaeological/cultural sites within the

area of planned exploration. Depending on the jurisdiction,

contact the local federal, state or territorial government

office. All exploration conducted must be in compliance

with these laws and regulations.

– During the planning stage, contact a professional

archaeologist or anthropologist at the appropriate

government office, university or museum closest to the

project lands if you suspect or have knowledge of the

existence of sites of archaeological or cultural significance

on the property. Follow the recommendations of this

professional (and the previously mentioned laws and

regulations) to determine if an exploration programme is

feasible and how it should be conducted to protect any

sites of significance. It is often desirable to also contact the

local community, especially indigenous groups, to inquire

about the possible presence of such sites.

– If a possible or suspected site is discovered during the

exploration programme, immediately stop work, cordon

off a reasonable distance around the site (or such distance

as required by law), photograph the site for the record and

contact an archaeological or anthropological professional

as well as the representative of the local indigenous

community, usually a respected elder. The site must

remain undisturbed until investigated and documented by

a recognised archaeological/ anthropological professional.

Under no circumstances should the exploration crew cause

any disturbance or remove any relics from the site. Ensure

compliance with any and all laws or regulations pertaining

to such a site.

– Follow the recommendations of the professional

archaeologist/anthropologist and the protocols agreed to

with the local elder regarding further protection of the site.

For the record, photograph the site again upon completion

or temporary halt of the exploration programme.

These guidelines are very broad in scope and are not meant to

represent definitive procedures for identifying or protecting

sites of archaeological and cultural significance. Just as we

would not expect a professional outside our area of expertise

to recommend the most appropriate tools for exploration, we

cannot fully describe the methods for protecting these sites. It

is the responsibility of the exploration company to ensure

compliance with the law, that the appropriate professionals

have been consulted and that the appropriate procedures have

been taken to protect any and all sites of archaeological and

cultural significance. Access to knowledge from the past is an

essential part of the heritage of everyone and, as professionals;

we have a responsibility for protection of this knowledge.

9 MINERAL EXPLORATION - BEST PRACTICES

21st NORTH expects project leaders and key personnel to act

accordingly to the guideline for Best Practices in Mineral

Exploration prepared by the Canadian Securities

Administrators under National Instrument 43-101.

9.1 Preamble

These guidelines have been prepared to assist the Qualified

Person(s) in the planning and supervision of exploration

programs which will be reported under National Instrument

43-101. Such exploration programs must be under the

supervision of the Qualified Person who will be responsible

and accountable for the planning, execution and interpretation

of all exploration activity as well as the implementation of

quality assurance programs and reporting. These guidelines

are also recommended for use in the planning and execution of

exploration programs which will not be reported under NI 43-

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101.The Qualified Person may base the exploration

programme on such geological premises and interpretation of

existing information as the QP(s) may decide and select such

exploration methods and tools as the QP(s) may judge to be

appropriate. In planning, implementing and supervising any

exploration work, the Qualified Person should ensure that the

practices followed are based on criteria that are generally

accepted in the industry or that can reasonably be justified on

scientific or technical grounds. This set of broad guidelines or

“best practices” has been drawn up to ensure a consistently

high quality of work that will maintain public confidence and

assist securities regulators. The guidelines are not intended to

inhibit the original thinking or application of new approaches,

which are fundamental to successful mineral exploration.

Results should be summarised and reported in a Technical

Report in accordance with the National Instrument 43-101 and

Form 1 contained in that instrument.

9.2 Qualified person

All exploration work from which public reporting will ensue

must be designed and carried out under the supervision of a

Qualified Person (“QP”). A QP is defined in National Instrument

43-101 as an individual who is an engineer or geoscientist with

at least five (5) years’ experience in mineral exploration, mine

development, mine operation or project assessment, has

experience relevant to the subject matter of the project or

report and is a member in good standing of a recognised

professional association.

9.3 Geological concept

The geological premise on which the exploration work is

conducted including the deposit type, geological setting and

style of mineralisation sought, should be supported by relevant

field data and a reasoned scientific approach.

9.4 Quality assurance/control

Throughout the process of mineral exploration, the QP(s)

should ensure that a quality assurance programme is in place

and that any required quality control measures are

implemented. Quality assurance programs should be

systematic and apply to all types of data acquisition, across the

full range of values measured and not only high or unusual

results.

9.5 Exploration methods & data collection

Fieldwork is to be planned and implemented under the direct

supervision of a QP(s). Data should be properly recorded and

documented at appropriate scales. All data points should be

accurately located with respect to known reference points. The

QP(s) supervising this work should ensure that any work by

employees, contractors or consultants is done by competent

personnel and that appropriate quality assurance programs

and security procedures are practised. Whenever several

persons carry out similar duties or when the data has been

collected over a period of time, care should be taken to ensure

the quality and consistency of the data being used.

9.6 Records and data verification

The exploration process including planning, mapping,

sampling, sample preparation, sample security and analysis or

testing should be accompanied by detailed record keeping

setting out the procedures followed, the results obtained and

the abbreviations used. In addition to paper records, digital

storage is encouraged in a standard format on a reliable

medium. A programme of data verification should be in place

to confirm the validity of exploration data that are entered into

the database. A summary of records should be included in a

periodic technical report produced and signed by the QP(s).

Practices used should be well documented and justified.

9.7 Sampling

The practices and procedures used in each sampling

programme should be appropriate for the objectives of the

programme. All sampling programs should be carried out in a

careful and diligent manner using scientifically established

sampling practices designed and tested to ensure that the

results are representative and reliable. Samples should be

collected under the supervision of a QP(s). Quality control

programs appropriate to the type of sample and the

mineralisation should be planned and implemented. These

programs should include such measures as external blanks,

standards and duplicate samples. Where the volume of

individual samples is reduced prior to shipping to a laboratory

for analysis, appropriate reduction procedures to obtain

representative sub samples should be applied and verified.

9.8 Drilling

The drilling method will be selected by a QP(s) and should be

appropriate to the material being investigated, the objective of

the programme and local drilling conditions. The drill hole size

selected should provide sufficient representative sample

material for analysis and reference. Surface and down hole

locational surveys should be undertaken using techniques

appropriate for the hole size, angle and length of holes. A

representative fraction of the drill sample material should be

retained, however if material is not retained, the QP(s) should

report and explain the reason for this decision. Drill logs, forms

or software specifically suited to the type of drilling, the

particular geological situation, and the minerals being sought,

should be used for detailed geological logging of core or

cuttings. Logs should be appropriately detailed for the type of

drilling being conducted, the geological setting, type of

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mineralisation, and geotechnical conditions. Core or sample

recoveries should be noted on the logs. Cross sections

depicting basic geology and hole data, including correlation

with surface geology and any nearby holes should be

developed and updated as drilling proceeds. Any down hole

geophysical information or other such surveys should also be

kept with the drill log. A photographic record of the core is

recommended, where appropriate.

9.9 Sample security

The security of samples from sample acquisition to analysis is a

vital component of the sampling process. Procedures should

include the use of secure core logging, sampling, storage and

preparation facilities, as appropriate, and the prompt, secure

and direct shipping of samples to the laboratories. The QP(s)

should endeavour to put in place the best security procedures

practical, given the geographic and topographic conditions and

the logistics created by the site location.

9.10 Sample preparation

The selection of sample preparation procedures should be

approved by the QP and should be appropriate to the material

being tested, the elements being analysed and should be

subject to the security measures as stated above. All samples

that are reduced or split should be processed in a manner such

that the fraction analysed or tested is as representative of the

whole sample as possible. Representative fractions of the

material to be analysed or tested should be retained for an

appropriate period of time, as decided by the QP. Quality

control checks should be undertaken as determined by the QP.

9.11 Analysis and testing

Analysis and testing of samples should be done by a reputable

and preferably accredited laboratory qualified for the

particular material to be analysed or tested. The selection of a

laboratory, testing or mineral processing facility and the

analytical methods used will be the responsibility of the QP.

The analytical methods chosen must be documented and

justified. All analytical or test results should be supported by

duly signed certificates or technical reports issued by the

laboratory or testing facility and should be accompanied by a

statement of the methods used. The reliability of the analytical

and testing results should be measured using the results of the

quality control samples inserted in the process by the QP.

Duplicate analyses at other laboratories should be undertaken.

9.12 Interpretation

A comprehensive and ongoing interpretation of all the

exploration data is an essential activity at all stages of the

project and should be undertaken to assess the results of the

work. This interpretation should be based on all of the

information collected to date, be systematic and thorough,

describe and document the interpretation and discuss any

information that appears at variance with the selected

interpretation. The density of the exploration data should be

critically assessed as to its ability to support the qualitative and

quantitative conclusions.

9.13 Mineral resource and mineral reserve estimation

Estimation of a mineral resource and a mineral reserve are

both fundamental steps in project development. The

classification and categorisation of these estimates must be

done in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 and be

prepared by a QP(s). The methods and parameters used in

making these estimates should be in accordance with the

principles generally accepted in Canada and should be

presented and justified with the estimate. A mineral resource

can be estimated for material where the geological

characteristics and the continuity are known or reasonably

assumed and where there is the potential for production at a

profit. Reserves can be estimated when a positive prefeasibility

or feasibility study as defined by NI 43-101 has established the

technical, economic and other relevant factors that indicate

that these resources can be produced at a profit. Reserve

estimates should be based on input and information from a

multidisciplinary team under the direction of QP(s).

9.14 Environment, safety and community relations

All exploration work should be conducted in a safe,

professional manner with due regard for the environment, the

concerns of local communities and with regulatory

requirements. An environmental programme, including

baseline studies, appropriate to the stage of the project should

be carried out.

9.15 Recommendations

The interpretation and assessment of the programme results at

the end of each phase should determine if the programme

objectives have been met and if further work is justified. Any

plan for further work should identify exploration targets,

recommend an exploration programme and present a budget

and schedule. Any changes in working hypotheses and

objectives should be recorded.

9.16 Technical reporting

A comprehensive technical report signed by the QP(s) should

be prepared on completion of a particular phase or stage of

work following the format and guidance presented in the

National Instrument 43-101 F1.

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10 IMPORTANT PHONE NUMBERS AND CONTACT INFORMATION

21st NORTH

Kullinggade 31

DK-5700 Svendborg, Denmark

Tel.: [+45] 2118 4183

Fax: [+45] 6363 3001

Sat. Tel: The specific number will be acquired prior to the

field season

Contact person: Anders Lie [+45] 4059 1012

Claus Østergaard [+45] 6168 1015

AIR GREENLAND A/S

Tel.: [+299] 343 366

Tel.: [+299] 554 792 (MCC/OP Guard) EMERGENCY

Tel.: [+299] 343 140 to146 (Charter)

Tel.: [+299] 552 489 (Charter Guard)

AFIS OPERATOR IN NUUK

Tel.: [+299] 327 119

XPLORATION SERVICES GREENLAND

Post box 456, H.J. Rinksvej 11, DK-3900 Nuuk

Tel.: [+299] 329 933 / [+299] 555 333 (on-call 24-4)

Fax: [+299] 311 834 EMERGENCY

Contact person: Martin Ben Shalmi [+299] 555 733

Nungo Petersen [+299] 524 433

EMERGENCY

SANA - DRONNINGS INGRIDS HOSPITAL

DK-3900 Nuuk

Tel.: [+299] 344 000 / [+299] 344 949

Contact person: Emergency Treatment Officer

NARSAQ HOSPITAL

Post Box 32

DK-3921 Narsaq

Tel.: [+299] 661 211

NUUK FIRE DEPARTMENT

Tel.: [+299] 321 056

QAQORTOQ HOSPITAL

Post Box 512

DK-3920 Qaqortoq

Tel.: [+299] 642 211

SISIMIUT HEALTH CENTER

Deichmannip App. 2

Post Box 1013

DK-3911 Sisimiut

Tel.: [+299] 864 211

ILULISSAT HOSPITAL

Post Box 514

DK-3952 Ilulissat

Tel.: [+299] 943 211

TASIILAQ HOSPITAL

Post Box 510

DK – 3913 Tasiilaq

Tel.: [+299] 981 211

POLICE

POLICE DEPARTMENT NUUK

P.H. Lundsteensvej 1, Post Box 1006

DK-3900 Nuuk

Tel.: [+299] 321 448 EMERGENCY

Contact person: Officer on duty

POLICE DEPARTMENT NORTH

Head Station Ilulissat

Post Box 506

DK – 3952 Ilulissat

Tel.: [+299] 943 222 or [+299] 543 822

POLICE DEPARTMENT MID

Head Station Sisimiut

Post Box 110

DK – 3911 Sisimiut

Tel.: [+299] 864 222 or [+299] 527 748

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Head Station Maniitsoq

Post Box 91

DK – 3912 Maniitsoq

Tel.: [+299] 813 222

POLICE REGION EAST

Head Station Tasiilaq

Post Box 97

DK – 3913 Tasiilaq

Tel.: [+299] 981 448 or [+299] 598 148

Head Station Illorqqortoormiut

Post Box 9

DK – 3980 Illorqqortoormiut

Tel.: [+299] 991 022 or [+299] 599 122

POLICE REGION SOUTH

Head Station Qaqortoq

Post Box 505

DK – 3920 Qaqortoq

Tel.: [+299] 642 222

AUTHORITIES

BUREAU OF MINERALS AND PETROLEUM

Post box 930, DK-3900 Nuuk

Tel.: [+299] 346 800

Tel.: [+299] 552 499 EMERGENCY

Fax: [+299] 324 302

THE FACTORIES INSPECTORATE

Skibshavnvej 18, Post box 202

DK-3900 Nuuk

Tel.: [+299] 342 590

Contact person: Officer on duty

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10. OVERVIEW MAP

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