ეგონ ბარი - library.fes.de · 3 sarCevi egon baris „es Sen unda mohyve“ –...
Transcript of ეგონ ბარი - library.fes.de · 3 sarCevi egon baris „es Sen unda mohyve“ –...
ერთმანეთი ორმოცდაათიანი წლების ბოლოს გაიცნეს. ბერლინის მმართველმა მერმა RIAS-ს ჟურნალისტი ბარი სენატის სპიკერად დანიშნა. ბერლინის კედლის აღმართვის შემდეგ ერთად შეიმუშავეს აღმოსავლეთის პოლიტიკა, რაც დღემდე ბრანდტის კანცლერობის დიდ მიღწევად ითვლება. ბარი ვილი ბრანდტს საგარეო საქმეთა სამინისტროში და კანცლერის აპარატშიც გაჰყვა როგორც ყველაზე ახლო და სანდო მეგობარი. მან ბრანდტის დავალებით აწარმოა მოლაპარაკებები აღმოსავლეთის ხელშეკრულებებზე და გვერდიდან არ მოსცილებია მას არც ნდობის ვოტუმის ტრიუმფალური დაძლევისას და არც კანცლერის პოსტიდან გადადგომის მწარე წუთებში. ისინი პოლიტიკის მიღმაც ერთგული მეგობრები იყვნენ, ამ მეგობრობამ 1992 წელს ბრანდტის გარდაცვალებამდე გასტანა. ბარი ბრწყინვალედ ჰყვება აქამდე უცნობ ისტორიებს და მკითხველს აცნობს ვილი ბრანდტის ადამიანურ მხარეს. იგი მოგვითხრობს, როგორ დაიწყო ყველაფერი ბერლინში, ჰყვება ერთობლივი მოგზაურობების, მძიმე და სახალისო მომენტების შესახებ და გვახედებს ბრანდტის, ვენერისა და შმიდტის რთულ ურთიერთობებშიც. ავტორი გვაჩვენებს ბრანდტის სიდიადეს და მის მგრძნობიარე ბუნებას, განსაკუთრებით კი მის დაუღალავ შრომას უკეთესი, მშვიდობიანი და ადამიანური საზოგადოებისთვის.
ეგონ ბარი 1922 წელს დაიბადა იურინგიაში. ომის შემდეგ ჟურნალისტად მუშაობდა, მათ შორის, ხელმძღვანელობდა RIAS-ს ოფისს ბონში. 1960-1966 წლებში იყო ბერლინის სენატის სპიკერი. ვილი ბრანდტის მინისტრობის დროს ხელმძღვანელობდა საგარეო უწყების დაგეგმვის შტაბს, 1969-1974 წლებში ფედერალური კანცლერის აპარატში იყო სახელმწიფო მდივანი. ბრანდტის გადადგომის შემდეგ იკავებდა ეკონომიკური თანამშრომლობის ფედერალური მინისტრის პოსტს, იყო სოციალ-დემოკრატიული პარტიის საქმეთა ფედერალური მწარმოებელი და ჰამბურგის მშვიდობის კვლევითი ინსტიტუტის დირექტორი.
„ვილი ბრანდტი და ეგონ ბარი – ეს გახლდათ თანამშრომლობის თითქმის უნიკალური შემთხვევა. თითოეულმა მათგანმა მხოლოდ მეორეს საშუალებით შეძლო საკუთარი ნიჭის სრულყოფილად გამოვლინება.“ რიხარდ ფონ ვაიცზეკერი სასიკვდილო სარეცელზე ბრანდტისთვის მის ვაჟს ლარსს უკითხავს, ვინ იყვნენ შენი მეგობრებიო. ბრანდტს უპასუხია: „ეგონი“. ეგონ ბარი ათწლეულების განმავლობაში მართლაც იყო ბრანდტის უახლოესი პოლიტიკური თანამგზავრი და მეგობარი. დიდი სოციალ-დემოკრატი პოლიტიკოსის 100 წლის იუბილეს უძღვნის იგი ერთობლივად გატარებული წლების ძალიან პირადულ მოგონებებს – გვთავაზობს ბრანდტის, როგორც ადამიანის პორტრეტს და მთელი ეპოქის ბრწყინვალე დახასიათებას.
ეს შენ უნდა მოჰყვემოგონებები ვილი ბრანდტზე
ე გ ო ნ ბ ა რ ი
egon bari
`es Sen unda mohyve~mogonebebi vili brandtze
germanulidan Targmna maia fanjikiZem
Tbilisi
2018
qarTuli gamocema momzadda fridrix ebertis fondis finansuri mxardaWeriT.
dauSvebelia fridrix ebertis fondis mier gamocemuli masalebis gamoyeneba fondis Tanxmobis gareSe.
Egon Bahr
„Das musst Du ErzählEn“ErinnErungEn an Willy Brandt
Übersetzt ins georgische von Maia Panjikidze
ullstein Buchverlage gmbH, Berlin 2013
Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Tbilissi 2018
redaqtori
nino dekanoiZe
damkabadonebeli
viola tuRuSi
garekanis dizaineri
ilia xelaia
© fridrix ebertis fondi
3
sarCevi
egon baris „es Sen unda mohyve“ –
mogonebebi vili brandtze. qarTuli gamocemis
winasityvaoba (kurt beki) 5
winasityvaoba (giunter bexleri) 9
winaTqma 13dasawyisi 15
pirveli nawili – berlini
Sesavali 17Sesasvleli bileTi 23jer erTmaneTis gverdiT, Semdeg erTmaneTTan erTad 291961 wlis 13 agvisto 39Cakiruli gayofa 45axali miznebi 52gamouqveynebeli wigni 54
meore nawili – boni
didi koalicia – arapopularuli da gardauvali 57sagareo uwyebaSi 60dagegmvis StabSi 67
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sinamdvile 71naxtomi mwvervalze 77dasawyisi vaSingtonSi 81
mesame nawili – triumfi da tragedia
moskovSi 85SeveguoT an gadavlaxoT sazRvrebi 94maS, imoqmede 103upasuxod darCenili mondomeba: poloneTi 106berlinis xelSekruleba – xelovnebis nimuSi 112germanelebis gareSe araferi gamova
(satranzito SeTanxmeba) 121yvelaferi an araferi 127megobris gansacdeli 133dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs Soris ndobis zrda 136finiSis swors 142gaWianurebuli starti 147veneri 152dacema 161Smidti da brandti 168
meoTxe nawili – rwmena
axali dasawyisi 177usafrTxoeba visTvis? 180partniori – amerika 188satrfo, romelsac sasowarkveTamde
mihyavxar (evropa) 192Seican Tavi Seni 197`rac ufro vberdebi, miT ufro memarcxene vxdebi~ 212is, rac rCeba 223
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egon baris „es Sen unda mohyve“ – mogonebebi vili brandtze
qarTuli gamocemis winasityvaoba
egon bari omis Semdgomi periodis germaniis yvelaze
mniSvnelovan social-demokratTa rigs ganekuTvneboda.
vili brandtma da misma erTgulma Tanamoazrem 1963 wels
erTad Camoayalibes da ganamtkices formula „gardaqmna
daaxloebis gziT“, romelic social-liberaluri koali-
ciis dros aRmosavleTis axali politikis safuZveli gax-
da. amdenad, barma gadamwyveti wvlili Seitana germaniis
gayofisa da evropis gaxleCis gadalaxvaSi. saerTaSoriso
doneze aRiarebuli eqsperti xandazmul asakSic iRvwoda
mSvidobisa da xalxTa Soris megobrobisaTvis.
bari 1922 wels daibada tiuringiaSi da jariskaci iyo
meore msoflio omSi. 1945 wlis Semdeg jer Jurnalistad
muSaobda. 1956 wels gaxda social-demokratiuli partiis
wevri. 1960-dan 1966 wlamde berlinis miwis presisa da
informaciis samsaxurs xelmZRvanelobda, Sesabamisad, is
gaxldaT vili brandtis, rogorc senatis xelmZRvaneli
mmarTveli meris spikeri. Semdeg sagareo uwyebaSi gadavi-
da, sadac 1967-dan 1969 wlamde dagegmvis Stabze iyo pa-
suxismgebeli. 1969 wels federaluri kancleris aparatSi
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asrulebda saxelmwifo mdivnisa da berlinis sakiTxebSi
federalur saqmeTa rwmunebulis funqcias. 1972-dan 1974
wlamde ki sagangebo davalebaTa federalur ministrad
msaxurebda.
am wlebSi federalur kancler vili brandtTan erTad
praqtikul politikaSi gaatara germaniisa da aRmosavle-
Tis axali politika. „aRmosavleTis xelSekrulebebis
arqiteqtorma“ dauRalavad iRvawa sabWoTa kavSirTan, po-
loneTTan, CexoslovakiasTan, da, rasakvirvelia, gdr-Tan
TanamSromlobaze damyarebuli urTierTobebis Camoyali-
bebisTvis. baris zrunvis mudmivi amocana iyo germaniis
orive nawilis mosaxleobis keTildReoba da dasavleTsa
da aRmosavleTs Soris Tanaarsebobis gaioleba. am saqmeSi
igi eyrdnoboda varSavis xelSekrulebis wevr saxelmwi-
foebTan molaparakebebis monawileebTan TandaTanobiT
damyarebul ndobasa da partniorobas. baris ganmuxt-
vis politika patara nabijebis politika iyo, romelmac
sabolood warmatebamde migviyvana – 1990 wels germaniis
gaerTianeba egon baris gareSe warmoudgeneli iqneboda.
bari 1972 wlidan iyo bundestagis wevri, 1974-dan
1976 wlamde ki ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis federalu-
ri ministri; igi gaxldaT social-demokratiuli par-
tiis erT-erTi yvelaze gamokveTili moazrovne. 1976-dan
1981 wlamde saqmeTa mwarmoeblis rangSi seriozuli kva-
li daaCnia partias. bari mudam Tavisi ganmuxtvis po-
litikis erTguli darCa. 1980-dan 1982 wlamde gaxldaT
wevri olof palmes mier daarsebuli „ganiaraRebisa da
saerTo usafrTxoebis damoukidebeli saerTaSoriso ko-
misiisa“. 1984 wlidan 1994 wlamde ki samecniero direqto-
ris rangSi xlmZRvanelobda mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis
politikis samecniero instituts hamburgSi.
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egon bari da fridrih ebertis fondi erTmaneTTan
mravalmxriv iyvnen dakavSirebuli. 1979-dan 2000 wlamde
bari fondis gamgeobis wevri gaxldaT da mis saerTa-
Soriso mimarTulebas mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvrav-
da. 2015 wlis 20 agvistos gardacvalebamde cota xniT
adre igi fridrih eberts fondTan erTad gegmavda mo-
gzaurobas saqarTveloSi: moskovis mier saqarTvelos
gaxleCva, gansxvavebebis miuxedavad, 1950-iani da 60-iani
wlebis germaniis situacias agonebda. saqarTveloSic xe-
davda bari patara nabijebis politikis Sanss gaxleCis
dasaZlevad – da mzad iyo rCevebi gaeca. egon barma es
gegma veRar Seasrula. swored amitom, mis „mogonebebs
vili brandtze“, romelic barisa da brandtis politikur
naazrevs STambeWdavad da saxalisod gadmoscemT, mraval
mkiTxvels vusurvebT saqarTveloSi.
kurt beki
yofili premier-ministri
fridrih ebertis fondis gamgeobis Tavmjdomare
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winasityvaoba
„mogonebebi egon barze“ unda erqvas am wigns, romelic
ara mxolod vili brandtis memkvidreobaze mogviTxrob-
da, aramed winamdebare Txzulebis aw gardacvlili av-
toris uzarmazar damsaxurebaze. vili brandts da egon
bars – ganmuxtvis politikis arqiteqtorebs – mWidro me-
gobroba akavSirebdaT, orive maTgani imsaxurebs pativis-
cemasa da madlierebas gasuli saukunis 60-ani da 70-iani
wlebis aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris dapirispire-
bis daZlevis gabeduli politikisTvis. dResac aranakle-
bi intensivobiT vmsjelobT evropis SemaSfoTebeli gan-
viTarebaze, „dasavleTsa“ da ruseTs Soris daZabul da
mwvave urTierTobaze, vidre maSin. albaT bevrs axsendeba
helsinkis finaluri aqtis xelmoweramde arsebuli damux-
tuli urTierToba aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris.
arada, bevri ram Seicvala 1975 wlis Semdeg: sistemebs
Soris globaluri konfliqti Caanacvla regionuli gav-
lenis zonebisa da maTze batonobis konfliqtma; bloke-
bis sworxazovani dapirispireba – multipolarulma da
bundovanma struqturam; transatlanturma aliansma mka-
fiooba dakarga da a. S. da mainc: Sesadareblad da evro-
pis dRevandeli ganviTarebis gasaazreblad, „mogonebebs
vili brandtze“ fasdaudebeli mniSvneloba aqvs.
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ratom iTargmna „mogonebebi“ qarTulad? ori mniSvne-
lovani faqtori Seerwya erTmaneTs, ramac saqarTvelo-
Si am wignis mimarT interesi gamoiwvia. erTi mxriv, me,
rogorc Sveicariis elCi saqarTveloSi, faqtobrivad yo-
veldRe vesaubrebodi am wignis mTargmnelsa da saqarTve-
los yofil sagareo saqmeTa ministrs maia fanjikiZes sa-
qarTveloSi arsebuli konfliqtebisa da qarTul-rusuli
urTierTobebis Sesaxeb. meore mxriv ki Tavad gaxldiT
80-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi hamburgis universitetis
„mSvidobis kvlevisa da usafrTxoebis politikis insti-
tutis“ mecnier-TanamSromeli; am instituts maSin egon
bari xelmZRvanelobda. amgvarad, 2014 wlis ivnisSi, ro-
desac Sveicaria euTos Tavmjdomareobda, egon barisa da
mcirericxovani qarTuli delegaciis Sekreba movaxerxe
Stain am rainSi. qarTul delegacias sagareo saqmeTa mi-
nistri xelmZRvanelobda. ordRiani araformaluri Sexve-
dra or erTmaneTTan mtrulad ganwyobil saxelmwifos
– saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris daZabulobis moxsnis
koncefciebisa da ideebis ganxilvas emsaxureboda. oTx-
mocdaTormeti wlis egon bari, miuxedavad asakisa, en-
ergiiT savse gaxldaT; man qarTvel megobrebs Tavisi
usazRvrod didi gamocdileba gauziara da bevri mniSv-
nelovani rCeva misca germanul-germanuli urTierTobe-
bis warmatebis Tu transatlantur-sabWoTa urTierTobe-
bis Sesaxeb diplomatiuri molaparakebebis magaliTebze
dayrdnobiT.
„mogonebebi vili brandtze“ uaRresad STambeWdavad
ajamebs yvela im faqtors, ramac sabolood migviyvana civi
omis daZlevamde da germaniis gaerTianebamde – dapiris-
pirebul interesTa dasacxrobad Seqmnili diplomatiuri
formulebi, SeTanxmebebis „SemoqmedebiTi orazrovneba“,
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orive germanuli saxelmwifos aqtiuri roli ganmuxtvis
politikaSi, moskovsa da vaSingtons mimarT transparen-
tuloba, konkretul aqtorebs Soris ndobis atmosferos
Seqmna TviT SeiaraRebis kontrolisa da samxedro sfero-
Sic ki, amave dros ki sakuTari demokratiuli interese-
bis, principebisa da Rirebulebebis dacva.
am wignis mniSvneloba ukanaskneli ori wlis ganmavlo-
baSi kidev ufro gaizarda, radgan globaluri polarize-
bis fonze ufro metad gamwvavda konfliqti saqarTvelo-
sa da ruseTs Soris. imeds gamovTqvam, rom „mogonebebi“
saqarTveloSi bevr mkiTxvels daainteresebs da qveyana-
Si arsebuli dapirispirebis gadalaxvaSi Seitans wvlils.
konfliqtiT dazaralebuli, rTul pirobebSi mcxovrebi
qarTvelebi, afxazebi da osebi uTuod madlierebi dar-
Cebian.
giunter bexleri
elCi
euTos Tavmjdomaris specialuri warmomadgeneli
saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris Jenevis molaparakebebSi
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winaTqma
vili brandtma Segnebulad datova Tavis `mogonebebSi~
TeTri laqebi: `es Sen unda mohyve~. misi ndoba aRmosa-
vleTisa da ganmuxtvis politikas efuZneboda. am mowo-
debas wigniT – `Cems dros~ vupasuxe. axla ki vsargeblob
SemTxveviT da mogiTxrobT istoriasa da istoriebze, aR-
vwer, Tu rogor iqca TanamSromloba megobrobad, rome-
lic misi gardacvalebis Semdegac Tan mdevs.
cxovreba droTa ganmavlobaSi aqrobs wvrilmanebs,
romlebic am ambis nawilia. meore mxriv ki, mexsierebam
SeCerebuli kadrebiviT Semoinaxa sakvanZo movlenebi da
gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic arsad gamqrala.
siaxlove yvelaze pirad sivrceSi Caxedvis saSualebas
iZleva, Tumca, mxolod imdenad, rom megobroba aRwero.
amas moiTxovs pativiscema cocxlebsa da gardacvlilTa
mimarT.
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dasawyisi
orivem vicodiT: ukanasknelad vxvdebodiT da vsaubrob-
diT. amqveyniuri vnebebi ukve ukan moetovebina, tri umfi
da wyena veRar swvdeboda. mis ukanasknel, Zalze pira-
dul sityvebs gulSi vinaxav. es misgan moniWebuli gan-
sacvifrebeli saCuqaria, rogori RirsebiT Sexvda aRsas-
ruls. karTan kidev erTxel mivtrialdi. erTmaneTs xeli
davuqnieT.
mas Semdeg Tavs marto da dacarielebulad vgrZnob.
albaT erTi kvira Tu iqneboda gasuli misi gar-
dacvalebidan, roca lars brandtisgan xelnaweri baraTi
miviRe. – mamaCems rom davemSvidobe, wesisamebr, da ukve
gamovdiodi, vkiTxe: `vin iyvnen Seni megobrebi?~ vilis
upasuxia: `egoni~.
am ambidan oci wlis Semdeg es mmatebs gambedaobas,
vcado Cemi mogonebebi movyve.
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pirveli nawili – berlini
Sesavali
aRar maxsovs, rodis gavige pirvelad vili brandtis saxe-
li. mexsierebam ver aRidgina, rodis Sevxvdi da vesaubre
pirvelad. etyoba, gansakuTrebuli Sexvedra ar yofila.
uSualod omis Semdgom periodSi brandti, rogorc nor-
vegiis samxedro misiis wevri, TvalSi ar unda momxvedro-
da.
1945 wlis zafxulSi Cemze STabeWdileba moaxdina
sab WoTa kavSiris mier okupirebuli zonisa da berlinis
qristian-demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomaris, iakob
kai zeris Tavdajerebulobam, rogor gegmavda Crdilo-
ra ini-vestfaliis warmomadgenel karl arnoldTan da
miunxenel iozef (oqsenzep) miulerTan erTad adenaueri
Zalauflebisgan CamoeSorebina. igi ambobda, `adenauers,
am separatists ar unda Cauvardes xelSi mTeli qris-
tian-demokratiuli partia~. 1949 wels ki ijda bonSi
adenaueris pirvel kabinetSi saerTo germanuli sakiTxe-
bis federalur ministrad, maT Soris, ar dagvaviwydes,
germaniis gayofis sakiTxic mas exeboda da cdilobda
sakuTari partiis dasaqmebulTa flangTan erTad patara
samflobelo Seeqmna.
1949 wlidan vimyofebodi bonSi rogorc riaS-is (ameri-
kuli seqtoris radio) korespondenti da sxva Jurna-
listebiviT, profesiuli saWiroebisamebr, bundestagis
18
partiebis wamyvan politikosebs vekontaqtebodi. orSaba-
Tis Sexvedrebze, romelic kolegebTan erTad davawese,
Zalze gulRiad vsaubrobdiT (Sepirebul diskrecias ara-
vin arRvevda) yvela partiis warmomadgenel mniSvnelovan
batonebTan – qalebi politikaSi TiTqmis ar Candnen. kan-
cleri adenaueri Caize gvepatiJeboda xolme pale Saum-
burgSi. Cvens wreSi iakob kaizers `kaizers samflobelos
gareSe~ veZaxdiT, sanam 1955 wels pativiscemam ar Secvala
aseve pativiscemiT ganmsWvaluli qiliki. ministri daupi-
rispirda Tavis kanclers, romelmac parizTan SeaTanxma
zaaris mxaris evropuli statusi, sakmaod Riad moqme-
debda da saarCevno kampanias am statusis sawinaaRmdegod
afinansebda. man `gaimarjva~: zaarlandelebma xmaTa TiTq-
mis 68 procentiT federalur respublikasTan mierTeba
gadawyvites.
boni uaRresad myudro patara qalaqi aRmoCnda. Cem-
ma dia saxlisma, rodesac misgan avejiT gawyobili oTaxi
viqirave da vkiTxe, xom gixariaT, rom axla boni droe-
biTi dedaqalaqia-meTqi, gacofebulma mipasuxa: `ra Tqma
unda, ara! quCazec ki veRar gadaxval, ukan Tu ar miixede,
manqana xom ar modiso~.
berlinidan vicnobdi franguli licenziis `kurieris~
mTavar redaqtors, pol burdins. mas moswonda kancle-
ris keTilganwyoba safrangeTis mimarT da federaluri
mTavrobis brwyinvale spikeri iyo. erT mSvenier dilas
damireka da gaognebulma Sematyobina, guSin saRamos ade-
nauers vaxldi riondorfSi da ueWvelia, `moxucs gaer-
Tianeba saerTod ar unda~. gadadgomis meti aRarafe-
ri darCenia, radgan yoveldRiurad uwevs sapirispiros
mtkicebao. kidev sami kvira TamaSobda, CaxlarTulad
laparakobda da Semdeg marTlac gadadga. es faqti iqca
19
adenauris mimarT Cemi dapirispirebis sakvanZo movle-
nad. sul ufro da ufro cxadad vacnobierebdi, rom is
da valter ulbrixti, sinamdvileSi, kongenialuri po-
litikuri figurebi iyvnen. orive maTgans ewada qveynis
Tavisi nawilis Semomtkiceba da sakuTari wonis gazrda,
rogorc aRmosavleTSi, ise dasavleTSi. TiTeuli maTga-
ni, qveynis Tavis nawilSi aRmoCnda uZlieresi pirovneba
da isini flobdnen politikur asparezs. adenauerze, Su-
maxerTan mimarTebiTac igive iTqmis.
social-demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomare kurt Su-
maxeri Zalian momwonda; man, zedmeti aliaqoTis gareSe,
jer kidev konstituciis ZalaSi Sesvlamde, SeunarCuna
federacias finansur sakiTxebSi uzenaesoba, gamarjvebul
ZalebTan mimarTebaSi da amiT meti wona Semata germanias.
adenauers ukve Caqneuli hqonda xeli. warmodgenac ki
SeuZlebelia, rogor ganviTardeboda federaluri jaris
aRmSenebloba, dafinansebis sakiTxi miwebis Tanxmobaze
rom yofiliyo damokidebuli. miwebis federacia fede-
raluri saxelmwifos nacvlad: Sumaxeris mier finansebis
sakiTxSi mopovebuli uzaenaesobis gareSe, federaciuli
respublika sxvanairi iqneboda.
Sumaxerma kidev erT istoriul gadawyvetilebas miaR-
wia jer kidev 1945 wels. dasavleTis zonebSic, aRmosa-
vleTis msgavsad, SeimCneoda mondomeba, eswavlaT vaima-
ris respublikis Secdomebze. oto grotevolma, rogorc
ger manis social-demokratiuli partiis centraluri ko-
mitetis Tavmjdomarem, mouwoda germaniis muSaTa klass
ebrZolaT organizaciuli erTobisTvis da imedi hqonda,
Tavad gaxdeboda pirveli, vinc aRmosavleTsa da dasa-
vleTSi mcxovrebi yvela germanelis saxeliT ilaparakeb-
da. es im dros xdeboda, roca dasavleTis sam zonaSi so-
20
cial-demokratiuli partiis erTiani organizaciac ki ar
iyo nebadarTuli. aq ori kaci acxadebda liderobaze pre-
tenzias. pirad SuRlsac ar uTamaSia mcire roli, rom Su-
maxerma `raixSi~ aRkveTa erTiani partiuli organizacia,
romelic yvelas pirze ekera, roca potsdamis konferen-
ciam germania ar gayo. federalurma prezidentma Teodor
hoisma Sumaxeris dauviwyari Rvawli uwoda im faqts, rom
moxerxda totalitaruli ideologiis Sekaveba. Sumaxeri
mixvda, rom tyuilad ar epareboda eWvi, `SeinarCunebda
Tu ara berlini moqmedebis Tavisuflebas~ mas Semdeg, rac
moskovma komunisturi partiebis da social-demokratiu-
li partiis germaniis erTian socialistur partiasTan
Serwyma gadawyvita. ernst lemeri, iakob kaizeris moad-
gile, ambobda odnav mogvianebiT, qristian-demokratiul
partiasac igive bedi ewia Tavisi antipodebis, kaizerisa
da adenaueris wyalobiTo. berlinis mimarT undoblobiT
ganmsWvalulebi Sexvdnen erTmaneTs – germaniis gayofa-
Si, romelzec maTze Zlierebi agebdnen pasuxs, maTac Sei-
tanes patara wvlili.
Sumaxeri Tavdajerebuli germaneli gaxldaT. fa-
Sistebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli kacis siamaye aZlevda
uflebas, oTx gamarjvebul ZalasTan, germaniis intere-
sebis dacvisas principulad, lamis uxeSad elaparaka,
TiTqos TanasworTa Soris Tanaswori yofiliyo; suvere-
nuli saxelmwifos warmomadgeneli gegoneboda, rac Cvens
qveyanas maSin namdvilad ar eTqmoda. bevri ucxoelis
yurs misi sityvebi nacionalistur ritorikad xvdeboda,
yovel SemTxvevaSi, adenaueris enas ver Seadarebdi, igi
Sumaxers agdebulad uwodebda `morgebuls~. sul ufro
pativiscemiT vimsWvalebodi am kacis mimarT, vinmes daux-
mareblad TiTqmis rom veRar moZraobda da miuxedavad
21
imisa, rom grZnobda, bevri dro aRar damrCeniao, Tavs
ar indobda da mTeli SemarTebiT ibrZoda Tavisi mizne-
bisTvis.
garda amisa, bonSi gatarebulma samma weliwadma da-
marwmuna, rom social-demokratiuli partia iyo erTader-
Ti, romelmac gulwrfelad daisaxa Cveni qveynis gaerTiane-
ba Tavisi politikis prioritetad. amitom misi wevroba
mominda, magram Sumaxerma mirCia, nu izamo: mirCevnia, ra-
dioSi social-demokratebis kvotas ar migaTvalono.
berlinSi vili brandtis saarCevno kampania partiis
TavmjdomareobisTvis, franc noimanis winaaRmdeg, bor-
ZikiT mimdinareobda, me mas bonidan vakvirdebodi, maSin
gavicani brandti Soridan. igi `didi meris~ ernst roite-
ris axalgazrda megobrad iTvleboda. orive emigraciidan
akvirdeboda `raixis~ dacemas. orive ufro met simpatias
gamoxatavda amerikis mimarT, vidre social-demokratiu-
li partiis xelmZRvaneloba bonSi. orive ufro gaxsnili,
Ria iyo, vidre Sumaxeri. 1953 wlis dasawyisSi rodesac
riaS-is mTavari redaqtori gavxdi, roiters xSirad vxvde-
bodi. vmsjelobdiT xolme mas da bonSi social-demokra-
tiuli partiis xelmZRvanelobas Soris sagareo poli-
tikis sakiTxebSi arsebul daZabulobaze. STabeWdileba
mrCeboda, rom iziarebda Cems rCevas, partiis Tavmjdo-
mareobisTvis ebrZola. SevTanxmdiT, saubari kvlav gagve-
grZelebina. samwuxarod, SeTanxmeba fuWi aRmoCnda, rad-
gan 1953 wlis Semodgomaze uecrad gardaicvala.
roiteris gardacvalebis Semdeg brandti CemTvis `mis-
ter berlini~ gaxda, ara bundestagSi misi gamosvlebis Si-
naarsis, aramed misi uSualo saubris gamo, romelsac bun-
dovani partiuli ritorikis araferi ecxo. es gaxldaT
kaci, romelsac mzera aRmosavleTiskenac miepyro, maSin,
22
roca bonelebi sul ufro da ufro dasavleTisken iyure-
bodnen da moqmedebdnen. isev movindome misi partiis we-
vri gavmxdariyavi. bundestagis restoranSi Sevxvdi, rom
misi azri momesmina. `bonSi miRebuli mTeli gamocdile-
bis gaTvaliswinebiT mivxvdi, rom es aris erTaderTi par-
tia, romelsac marTlac swadia qveynis gaerTianeba~, ase
davasabuTe Cemi survili. maSinve CamixSo vneba: `gadaWar-
bebuli warmodgena gaqvT partiis wevrobiT gavlenis
moxdenis SesaZleblobaze~. xandaxan garedan gamoxatuli
poziciiT mets miaRwev, vidre SigniT yofniTo. ase rom
meored gamomistumres uariT.
23
Sesasvleli bileTi
Sumaxeris gardacvalebis Semdeg, 1952 wels, memkvidred
misi moadgilis -erix olenhaueris arCeva droebiT movle-
nad aRiqmeboda. londonis emigraciidan dabrunebuli es
alali demokrati adenauerisTvis namdvilad ar warmoad-
genda safrTxes. qristian-demokratiuli da qristian-so-
cialuri partiebis gaerTianebam plakatebs daawera:
`mTavari kancleria~. social-demokratebma am lozungs
daupirispires: `olenhaueri adenaueris nacvlad~ da, si-
namdvileSi, adenauers uwevdnen reklamas. ormocdaaTiani
wlebis SuaSi misi epoqis dasasruli jer ar Canda. qdk/
qsk gaerTianebaSi jer ar gamokveTiliyo misi memkvidre,
xolo ekonomikuri saswaulis mamas, ludvig erhards ade-
nauerma aseTi ganaCeni gamoutana: `aba scadeT da pudingi
miaWedeT kedelze~.
olenhaueris Semdeg social-demokratiul partiaSi
oTx saxelze msjelobdnen. eseni iyvnen: karlo Smidi, ro-
melmac konstitucias daaCnia didi kvali, fraqciis Ta-
vmjdomare friTc erleri da Semdeg modioda ori saxe-
li – asakobrivi ierarqiiT bonel Jurnalistebs manamde
naklebad rom moxvedrodaT TvalSi – brandti da Smidti.
erlerma karlo Smidts, bundestagis gamorCeul, brwyin-
vale orators, uwoda kaci, romelsac didi momavali ukve
24
ukan moetovebina. asaxelebdnen kidev erTs – herbert
veners; mas zurgs umagrebda xelSeuxebeli antikomunis-
tis, Sumaxeris rekomendacia, yofili komunisti veneri,
miuxedavad moskovuri warsulisa, WeSmarit social-de-
mokratad gadaiqcao, Tumca swored misi warsuli xdida
partiis Tavmjdomareobas SeuZlebels.
olenhaueris mier ungreTis 1956 wlis ajanyebaze gake-
Tebuli suleluri komentaris Semdeg brandts momava-
li wlis arCevnebze misi partiis saSineli damarcxeba
vuwinaswarmetyvele da kidev erTxel daviJine, amJamad
bundestagis restornis terasaze, partiaSi unda Semo-
vide-meTqi. `visac rCeva ar esmis, araferi eSveleba~,
gaicina man Tanxmobis niSnad. ase gavxdi 1956 wels par-
tiis wevri. brandtisTvis es did risks ar warmoadgenda.
Cemi komentarebi radioSi, ramdenadac misTvis cnobili
iyo, kargad esadageboda mis ambiciur warmodgenas Tav-
dajerebul sagareo politikaze. es `mziTvad~ mivitane.
brandtma damisaxela misamarTi berlinSi, romelic par-
tiuli wignakisTvis damWirdeboda rogorc bonel kores-
pondents. mogvianebiT aRmovaCine, rom hainrix albert-
cis misamarTi moucia.
Cemi, rogorc social-demokratiuli partiis axalga-
momcxvari wevris savizito baraTad iqca sityva, romelic
berlinis celendorfis olqSi 1957 wlis ianvarSi war-
movTqvi, olqis delegatebis Sekrebaze. rogorc `ara da-
badebiT social-demokratma, aramed mogvianebiT Camoya-
libebulma~, vaRiare, rom miWirda mimarTva `amxanagoTi~,
radgan vfiqrobdi, es sityva uazro tradicionalizmad
ar unda qceuliyo, aramed unda gaeTavisebina politiku-
ri ojaxis kuTvnilebis gancdas.
25
Sida politikuri situaciis daxasiaTebis Semdeg
vTqvi: `partiaSi Sevedi ara sazogadoebis Sesacvlelad,
aramed imisTvis, rom partiis sagareo politika Sevcva-
lo~. `social-demokratiulma partiam unda Seitanos
wvli li eris cnebis mimarT germanelTa SeboWili damo-
kidebulebis daZlevaSi~. `yvela im danaSaulis gaTvalis-
winebiT, romlebic eris saxeliT sxva xalxebisa da saku-
Tari xalxis mimarT ganxorcielda, ar unda davuSvaT
eris cnebis uaryofa~. `damwvar bavSvs eSinia cecxlis,
magram cxel saWmelze mTeli cxovreba xom ver ityvis
uars. sanam germania gayofilia, Cven eri ara varT. erze
uaris Tqma gaerTianebaze uaris Tqmas niSnavs. es iqnebo-
da Cveni xalxis TviTmkvleloba da demokratiis Ralati;
radgan demokratia dasruldeba, Tuki gaerTianebis ideas
ver gaumkvlavdeba~.
Semdeg pirvelad warvadgine Tanmimdevrulad sagareo
politikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi. Cemi maSindeli ga-
mosvlidan qvemoT moyvanili azrebi warmoaCens ganmuxt-
vis grZelvadiani politikis mimarT srul Tanmimdevru-
lobas da Sinagan simtkices: `aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs
Soris ar unda mivdioT aiwona-daiwonas politikas... Cve-
ni dasavleli mezoblebis mxardaWeris gareSe saerTod
SeuZlebelia germaniis sagareo politikis ganxorcieleba
... komunizmma, rogorc ideologiam, Tavisi dro moWama ...
ruseTis saxelmwifo interesebma, roca saqme saqmeze mid-
ga, ruseTis ideologiur interesebs gadaaswro ... Cveni
usafrTxoeba Zevs amerikis mier mocemul garantiaSi ...
nato unda moqmedebdes, sanam mas iseTive usafrTxoebis
ukeTesi meqanizmi Secvlides ... gaerTianebis fasad unda
ganvixiloT aliansis wevrebis atomur SeiaraRebaze da-
Tanxmeba da mxolod gaerTianebuli germaniis saxeliT
26
aviRoT atomur iaraRze uaris Tqmis valdebuleba... usa-
frTxoebis nebismieri xelSekruleba, romelic moicavs
aRmosavleT evropis qveynebs da amerikis yofnas konti-
nentze, dasaSvebia ... germaniis omis Semdgomi politikis
axal fazas ewodeba aRmosavleTis politika~.
brandts arasodes ukamaTia CemTan am gamosvlaze. man
icoda teqsti, romelic, simwvavis gamo, mxolod orga-
nizatorebisTvis mqonda gagzavnili. Sesabamisad, icoda,
ra vTqvi da ras vfiqrobdi. Semdgomi aTwleulebis man-
Zilze, praqtikul saqmianobaSi, Cven Soris politikis
mimarTulebaze kamaTi ar yofila. Tu SemekiTxebiT, ro-
gor vaaxloebdiT gansxvavebul poziciebsa da gadawy-
vetilebis alternatiul SesaZleblobebs da xandaxan
mainc Tu vewinaaRmdegebodiT erTmaneTs, SemiZlia gipa-
suxoT: aseTi ram ar momxdara. gvisaubria taqtikur mi-
zanSewonilobaze, sasargeblo Tu zedmet argumentebze
gamosvlis an dokumentis werisas. umetesad, vendobodi
mis Seudareb lad did gamocdilebas, magram masac SeeZlo
sxvebis argumenti gaeziarebina. didi xani damWirda, sanam
srulad gavicnobiere Cveni saerTo TvalTaxedva. wlebis
ganmavlobaSi es ise daixvewa, rom, sxvebis TandaswrebiT,
misi Tavis moZraobaze Tu warbis awevaze vxvdebodi, ras
fiqrobda. politikuri mimarTuleba iyo swori. moulod-
neli siurprizebi ar meloda.
1957 wlis oqtomberSi, Cemi gamosvlidan naxevari wlis
Semdeg, vili brandtis berlinis mmarTvel merad arCevas,
bonidan zerelad vadevnebdi Tvals. Tumca, misi sagareo
politikuri mniSvnelobis zrda Cemze STabeWdilebas
axdenda. vaRiarebdi, rasac miaRwia berlinisTvis. gu-
lwrfeli aRfrTovanebiT Sevcqerodi, magram wamiT ar
gamivlia TavSi, rom rodesme masTan vimuSavebdi. arc fe-
27
deralur mTavrobaSi ufiqria vinmes gansakuTrebulad,
rom gamoCnda kaci, romlisTvisac angariSi unda gaewiaT.
adenauersac ki.
1959 wels federalurma mTavrobam gadawyvita, ganvi-
Tarebad qveynebSi ganTavsebul Cvens saelCoebSi ramdenime
Jurnalisti mievlina. 1958 wels xruSCovis ultimatumis
Semdeg, romliTac man dasavleT belinis `Tavisufal qa-
laqad~ aRiareba da dasavleli mekavSireebis jarebis gay-
vana moiTxova, dasavleTs gdr-is araRiarebisTvis unda
emuSava am saxelmwifoebSi. me damniSnes ganaSi dasavleT
afrikis regionalur rwmuneblad. dabrunebisas sagareo
saqmeTa ministrma hainrix fon brentanom (qdk) sagareo
saqmeTa uwyebaSi darCena SemomTavaza. TiTqmis imave
dros SemomTavaza henri nanenma uaRresad momxibvleli
ram – misi moadgilis rangSi memuSava Jurnal `Sternis~
politikur gamocemad gardaqmnaze (mecamete xelfasi sa-
Sobaod, meToTxmete xelfasi SvebulebisTvis, samsaxuris
manqana da saxli). sanam CemTvis vbWobdi, berlinis fede-
ralurma senatorma giunter klainma damireka: mmarTvel
mers surs gagesaubroTo.
brandts bundestagis foieSi Sevxvdi dilis aT saaTze
– misTvis, rogorc mogvianebiT gavige, es dro TiTqmis
SuaRames udrida. arc davmsxdarvarT, mokled mkiTxa,
Cemi presis ganyofilebis ufrosi xom ar gaxdebodio.
erTi wamic ar miyoymania, ise daveTanxme. danaCeni CdS-
sTan gaarkvieo. `vin aris da ra aris CdS?~ `senatis kance-
lariis Sefi. mTavaria, mas mourigdeT~. vkiTxe, axla vin
aris am postze-meTqi. `pensiaze gadis~. `rodis daviwyo
muSaoba berlinSi?~ `rac SeiZleba, male~. saubari sami
wuTic ar gagrZelebula. xandaxan ra swrafad miiReba
mTeli momavali cxovrebis ganmsazRvreli gadawyvetile-
28
bebi. kancelariis Sefi hainrix albertci aRmoCnda. mas-
Tan SevaTanxme detalebi da berlinis senatis presisa da
informaciis samsaxuris ufrosad dawyebis TariRi – 1960
wlis pirveli Tebervali.
29
jer erTmaneTis gverdiT,
Semdeg erTmaneTTan erTad
samsaxuris dawyebidan oriode dReSi Sedga Cveni pirve-
li kerZo saubari. gvian saRamos marto aRmovCndi uzar-
mazar sawer magidasTan mjdomi brandtis pirispir. `kacma
rom Tqvas, erTmaneTs wesierad arc ki vicnobT~, iyo Cemi
pirveli winadadeba. am uwyinarma frazam saxe gauxeva.
fxukiani unda yofiliyo, rom Cemi naTqvami daaxloebis
utifar mcdelobad aReqva. misi mwyrali mimika CemTvis
adgilis miCenis tolfasi iyo. mxolod maSin molba, roca
davamate: `me Tqven yovelTvis getyviT, rasac gavifiqreb,
gindac ar mogewonoT~. Semawyvetina: `Zalian cudi saTq-
meli Tu geqnebaT, gTxovT, mxolod maSin miTxraT, roca
martoni viqnebiT~. Cemi pasuxi: `Tqveni gadawyvetilebebi
Seuvali iqneba, mTavaria, sindiss ar ewinaaRmdegebodes~.
sakiTxi ase arasdros dasmula.
mas maSin miuaxlovdebodi, Zalian miaxlovebas Tu ar
Seecdebodi. pativiscema im sazRvris mimarT, romliTac
Tavis yvelaze piraduls icavda, droTa ganmavlobaSi Cem-
Tvis TavisTavad cxadi gaxda, misTvis ki garantia, rom
yovelTvis Tavad gadawyvetda, ramdenad gamexsneboda.
arasodes mikiTxavs rame piraduli, Tu Tavad ar wamoiw-
yebda saubars, Tumca, raRac-raRacebi mainteresebda.
30
presaSi moaruli Worebic tabud darCa. Cven Soris mzar-
di ndobis saidumloeba imaSi mdgomareobda, rom arcerT
Cvengans ar gvicdia rodesme, yvelaze dafaruli `me~-s
mesaidumle gavmxdariyaviT.
im kacis avtoritets, romelmac brwyinvaled moigo
arCevnebi berlinSi da warmatebiT moiara msoflio, xom
SeiZleboda daeTrgune. igi iaponiis imperatorma hirohi-
tom, indoeTis premier-ministrma nerum, gaeros genera-
lurma mdivanma hamarskioldma da prezidentma aizen-
hauerma miiRes; niu iorkSi namdvili aRlumi mouwyves.
amas emateboda Cemi, rogorc Jurnalistis wuxilic, uceb
rom aRar mqonda sakuTari saTqmelis gamoxatvis ufleba,
Tanac pasuxismgebeli viyavi imaze, rasac berlinis sena-
tis saxeliT vacxadebdi. TavSi es azri mitrialebda –
xom ar aRmovCndebodi misi gavlenis qveS da davkargavdi
sakuTar stils – TanamSromlobis ganmavlobaSi Tanda-
TanobiT mivxvdi, rom Cemi wuxili usafuZvlo iyo.
dokumentis Sinaars Sefi gansazRvravda. rodesac
frazebs vxvewdiT da Cems rTul winadadebebs umowy-
alod anawevrebda, mivxvdi, rom mmarTveli meri kargi
redaqtori iqneboda. Cemda samarcxvinod, uazro wina-
dadeba Tu gamepareboda, ubralod ityoda xolme `aseve
darCes~. swored am gamoTqmebs mohyveboda xolme yvelaze
mquxare taSi. Cvens sawer magidebs Soris aqeT-iqiT mo-
siarule xelnawerebze muSaobisas, ise xvewda stils da
Tanac, Tavisi mwvane melniT sityvebs ki ar cvlida, ara-
med gaxazavda xolme an kiTxvis niSans dausvamda. Semdeg
vmsjelobdiT da vayalibebdiT saboloo versias. uTva-
lavjer gvisaubria da orive gavuSinaurdiT erTmaneTs
azrovnebis TvalsazrisiT, ukeT gvesmoda erTmaneTis,
vcdilobdiT saerTo ZalisxmeviT dagvemarcxebina SiSe-
31
bi, dagvesaxa imedebi, gegmebi, mokle da grZelvadiani
miznebi gagvexorcielebina. brandti darwmunda, rom me
mxolod masTan da misTvis vmuSaobdi. veravin ver Cawvda
am partniorobas rihard fon vaiczekerze ukeT, romel-
mac erTxel Tqva: `vili brandti da egon bari – es gaxl-
daT sanimuSo TanamSromloba ori sruliad gansxvavebuli
pirovnebisa. urTierTdaxmarebiT maT miaRwies sakuTari
niWis srul gafurCqvnas~.
brandti saxelmwifos umaRlesi Tanamdebobis kandi-
datobaze ki fiqrobda, magram, araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar
surda amisTvis brZola. albertci da me skeptikurad
vuyurebdiT am ambavs, vfiqrobdiT, rom naadrevi iyo da
Zeglad qceuli adenaueris winaaRmdeg naklebi iyo war-
matebis Sansi. Tumca rodesac SesTavazes – da raxan am
SeTavazebas eloda – TiTqos tvirTi moexsnao, ise dae-
Tanxma. berlinSi misi `mafia~ mxolod imazeRa fiqrobda,
ra iqneboda moqmedebis saukeTeso gegma.
hanoverSi 1960 wlis partiulma yrilobam bevri poli-
tikuri da piraduli siaxlis mowme gagvxada. pirvelad
airCia partiam `kanclerobis kandidati~, maSin, roca par-
tiis arCeulma Tavmjdomarem, erix olenhauerma Tanamde-
boba SeinarCuna. klaus SuTcma ubralod moipara es idea
aSS-sgan, sadac prezidentobis kandidat kenedis saarCev-
no kampanias akvirdeboda.
brandtma Tavis sakandidato gamosvlaSi partiis
erovnul tradiciaze gaamaxvila yuradReba da erTma-
neTis gverdiT daasaxela iseTi moRvaweni, rogorebicaa
oto fon bismarki da august bebeli, fridrix eberti da
gustav Strezemani, iulius leberi da klaus grafi fon
Staufenbergi, ernst roiteri da Teodor hoisi, rac ma-
Sin gambedaobas moiTxovda. sami wlis Semdeg, tutcingis
32
cnobil Sekrebaze, ideas, saxelebis saSualebiT Cavwvdo-
modiT Cvens rTul samSoblos, Turme gvariani Sesworeba
eloda. maSin ase iTqva: `bismarki da bebeli namdvilad
unda vaxsenoT, hindenburgi da ebertic, giordeleri da
leberic, adenaueri da Sumaxeric, magram, aseve, hitleri
da ulbrixtic~.
brandtma hanoverSi ganacxada, rom ar apirebda partiis
yrilobis gadawyvetilebebis usityvod ganmxorcielebeli
gamxdariyo da yvela valdebuleba Seesrulebina germanias,
rasac nato wevrebs avaldebulebda. manamde olenhauerma
uari ganacxada bundesveris atomur SeiaraRebaze. kandi-
dats ki swored es ar gamouricxavs. rodesac erTad vam-
zadebdiT mis gamosvlas, brandtma Tvali Camikra: `adre
xom SesaZleblad migaCndaT~. ar daviwyeboda oTxi wlis
winaT celendorfSi naTqvami Cemi sityvebi. saRamos ki par-
tiis yrilobis darbazidan rom gamovdiodiT, mxarze xeli
damado da miTxra: `mgoni, SeiZleba SenobiT vilaparakoT~.
mesiamovna. oficialurad isev TqvenobiT mivmarTavdiT
erTmaneTs, merec, pale SaumburgSic ki. pativiscema misi
poziciis mimarT krZalavda Sinaurul formas da brandts
Camouyaliba Tvalsazrisi, rom arc erT partias ar unda
egonos, rom saxelmwifo mas ekuTvnis.
klaus Sutcis mier axladarCeuli kandidatisTvis mom-
zadebul saarCevno kampaniaSi brandtma Zala, energia da
brwyinvale gamZleoba gamoavlina. saarCevno oromtriali
kandidats sindisis qenjnisgan aTavisuflebda, sawer ma-
gidasTan rom ar ijda da qaRaldebSi qeqvas ver axerxeb-
da. amomrCevlisTvis gankuTvnil gzavnilebs laparakis
drosac ki xvewda. `mentaluri higiena mikrZalavs, sul
erTi da igive sityva moviSvelio~, gveubneboda igi. amis
momswre Semdeg aTwleulebSic bevrjer gavmxdarvar.
33
igi argumentebis Tanmimdevrobas gadaawyobda xolme,
sisxartes sZenda, aumjobesebda da darwmunebuli iyo,
rom esesaa Tavisi saukeTeso saarCevno sityva warmoTqva.
misi erT-erTi, maSin Zalian aqtualuri slogani, gaxldaT
`ruris auzis Tavze ca isev lurji unda gaxdes!~ sityva
`garemo~ maSin jer modaSi ar Semosuliyo.
*
yvela adamiani pativmoyvarea. xelovnebisa da poli-
tikis samyaroSi, sadac sajaro gavlenaze moTxovnaa da
igi ganisazRvreba kidec, es Tviseba ufro metad Cans,
vidre ekonomikaSi, sadac zogierTi simpatiuri moRvawe
gavlenas malavs kidec. mokled, me vaRiareb Cems pativ-
moyvareobas: msiamovnebda SefTan uSualo urTierToba.
msiamovnebda, rom brandts, hainrix albertcs, federa-
lur senator klaus Sutcs da me ukve `wminda ojaxs~
gveZaxdnen. garda amisa, vamCnevdi, rom im senatorebze,
romlebTanac Jurnalistebs metad rTulad exerxebodaT
Sexvedra, me mirekavdnen da mTavari redaqtorebic azrs
mekiTxebodnen da Cemi Sefasebebis saidumlod Senaxvas
mpirdebodnen. Zalian msiamovnebda, roca `Cems~ mZRols,
romelic male ojaxis wevri gaxda, saRamos mivyavdi da-
laqTan. samsaxuris gamo, samuSao saaTebSi masTan misvlas
ver vaxerxebdi. da SemeZlo memuSava mSvidad gvianobamde,
vicodi, rom Cems meuRles miakiTxavdnen. mosaxerxebelia,
roca manqanis gasaCerebel adgils ar eZeb da RonisZie-
bis damTavrebisTanave SegiZlia Sin waxvide. sajaro sam-
saxurSi karg xelfass ar gixdian, magram maRali Tanamde-
boba araCveulebriv momsaxurebas gTavazobs.
34
yovelive es male wesad damkvidrda da 35 weli vsarge-
blobdi am sikeTiT. ukan rom vixedebi, vaRiareb Zalau-
flebiT gamowveul miamiturad pativmoyvarul grZnobe-
bs da fulis gankargvis uflebiT gancdil kmayofilebas.
parlamenti mandobda saxsrebs. SemeZlo ganacxadebisTvis
gamomeyo Tanxa an uari meTqva da mniSvnelovani proe-
qtebi wamomewyo. fulis Zalauflebas gavlenis moxdena
SeuZlia. ramdenad ganusazRvrelia politikuri Zalau-
fleba, romelsac xalxTa Tanacxovrebis Secvla SeuZlia,
mxolod mogvianebiT gavige.
Zalaufleba da pativmoyvareoba tyupiscalebi arian.
brandts siamovnebda, roca niu iorkSi policieli `mai-
ors~ policiuri salmiT egebeboda, Tumca Caiburtyuneb-
da xolme: `aqac ver mivaRwie anonimurobas~. berlinSi ki
sircxviliT vaRiarebdi, rom mmarTvelma merma ise Sei-
sisxlxorca Tavisi mdgomareoba, rom pativmoyvareobis
niSan-wyalsac ki aRar avlenda. es stadia ukve ukan moe-
tovebina.
fulis mimarT, rogorc kerZo pirs, brandts ucnaurad
distancirebuli da suverenuli damokidebuleba hqon-
da. arasodes minaxavs mis xelSi safule. Tavis sayvarel
restoranSi rom midioda, angariSs meriaSi agzavninebda.
erTxel, amerikaSi wasvlis win vkiTxe, xom ar ginda hono-
rariani gamosvla mogiwyo, barem ruTsac wamoiyvan-meTqi.
Sexseneba, rom britaneTis mTavroba sakuTar maRali Ta-
namdebobis pirebsac uxdis meuRleebis mgzavrobis fuls-
meTqi, misTvis damarwmunebeli ver aRmoCnda. misi survi-
li mxolod sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis Cveni firmis
meSveobiT SeiZleboda Sesrulebuliyo, romelic patara
biujetiT da didi ambiciiT waradgenda berlins ameri-
kaSi.
35
am firmis Sefi roi blumenTali manamde federaluri
mTavrobisTvis muSaobda da niu iorkSi, `valdorf-as-
toriaSi~ adenaueris Sexvedra david ben-gurionTan misi
mowyobili gaxldaT. brandti da me winaswar davrwmun-
diT, iqneboda Tu ara am saagentosTvis 500 000 dolaris
gadaxda gamarTlebuli. ar gvinania. roi liberali iyo,
magram mixvda, rom germaniis federaciuli respublikis
beds momavalSi ori uniWieresi adamiani – brandti da
Strausi gadawyvetdnen. amerikis interesebSi iyo berli-
nis mers daxmareboda. amitomac moaxerxa da brandti 1962
wlis Semodgomaze ori leqciis wasakiTxad miipatiJes
harvardis universitetSi; Semdeg ki TeTr saxlSi hqonda
Sexvedra, sadac brandtma gaimeora harvardSi gamosvli-
sas wardgenili mosazrebebi `Tanacxovrebis Sesaxeb, ro-
melic gabedulebas gaiZulebs~, rac imas gulisxmobda,
rom mSvidobis cneba aRmosavleTisTvis ar unda gadagve-
barebina. kenedim icoda brandtis wakiTxuli leqciebis
Sesaxeb da igi Seaguliana. vaSingtons yelSi amosvloda
bonis mier yvelafris dablokva da, amave dros, sakuTari
winadadebebis ararseboba.
`mmarTvelis~ rangSi Tavmdabal brandts finansebis
sakiTxis sakuTar xelSi aRebac uwevda. kedlis aSenebis
Semdeg kidev ufro zusti angariSi moeTxoveboda. radgan
didma firmebma, SiSis gamo, TavianTi centraluri ofise-
bi federaciuli respublikis samxreTsa da dasavleTSi
gadaitanes, berlinis sagadasaxado Semosavali ZlivsRa
swvdeboda moxeleebis da mosamsaxureebis xelfasebs. yve-
laferi danarCeni, riTic sazrdoobs qalaqis cxovreba,
mSenebloba iqneboda es Tu kulturis kerebi, bons unda
uzrunveleyo. da bonic ixdida, specialuri gadasaxade-
bis dawesebiTa da sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis gziT.
36
gagvexarda, rom aqsel Springerma isargebla sagada-
saxado SeRavaTiT da kedelTan axlos aRmarTa Tavisi
beWdviTi koncernis impozanturi Senoba. im axalgazrde-
bis berlinSi dafuZneba, savaldebulo samxedro sam-
saxurebs rom gaurbodnen, sakmarisi ar iyo dasavleTis-
ken gadasulebis dasabalanseblad. senats statistikis
gayalbeba uwevda (statistikisTvis es ucxo xili ar
aris), rom berlinis mosaxleobis magiuri ormilioniani
ricxvi SeenarCunebina. gaberili sajaro samsaxuri amiT
ar Semsubuqebula, Zalian zustad unda dagveTvala fuli
da helmut Smidtis Tavxeduri naTqvami, berlinelebma mi-
lions da miliards Soris gansxvaveba ar iciano, gvwyinda,
radgan simarTles ar Seesabameboda.
senati bonidan iRebda fuls, rom berlini kultu-
rulad mimzidveli gaexada mTeli msofliodan Camosu-
li stumrebisTvis. yofilma diplomatma Separd stounma,
fordis fondis saSualebiT, Tavisufali universite-
tisTvis, germanuli operisTvis da sxva kulturuli da
samecniero dawesebulebebisTvis Semowirulobebi Sea-
grova. kompozitorma nikolas nabokovma, festivalis
xelmZRvanelis rangSi, Sprees napirze saintereso xelo-
vanebi moizida. saerTaSoriso rangis varskvlavebs enTu-
ziazmiT vegebebodiT.
kinofestivalis farglebSi gamarTul vaxSamze ame-
rikeli msaxiobis, jein raselis gverdiT vijeqi da sain-
teresod visaubreT. bevrad didi STabedileba moaxdina
Cemze marlene ditrixma, romelzec vgiJdebodi. igi 1960
wels omis Semdeg pirvelad Camovida Tavis mSobliur qa-
laqSi. brandtis survili gaxldaT, rom qalaqis oqros
wignSi gaekeTebina Canaweri. brandti im adamianebTan, vinc
mis msgavsad gaiares winaaRmdegobis gza, did siaxloves
37
grZnobda. me wilad mxvda bedniereba, TxuTmeti wuTi
pirispir mesaubra marlenesTan, radgan brandti viRa-
cam Caigdo xelSi da dakavebuli iyo. misi mSveniereba
ar Camqraliyo, Tumca SevamCnie, xelebi dabereboda. `Sag
mir, wo die Blumen sind~ CemTvis ukvdavi simReraa. albaT
sasiamovno mogonebad darCeboda mas titania-palastSi
koncertis Semdeg gamarTuli ovaciebi, roca es simRera
germanulad Seasrula. `pativcemul vili brandts~ weri-
liT gadauxada madloba: `Tqveni marlene ditrixi~.
*
1961 wlis 10 maiss brandtis TanamSromlis poziciidan
mis mrCevlad davwinaurdi. osloSi natos sagazafxulo
sxdomis komunikeSi Sedioda formulirebebi, romlebic
manamde arsebul dausabuTebel pirad SiSs dasavleTis
oficialur poziciad acxadebda. masSi aRar ixsenieboda
qalaqis oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis statusi, aramed – Ta-
visufali mimosvlis gverdiT – gamoTqmuli iyo garan-
tia `dasavleTis sami seqtoris sicocxlisunarianobis
Sesaxeb~. SeSfoTebulma mivirbine brandtTan, teqsti win
davude da vuTxari: `faqtiurad, es aris mosawvevi sabWo-
Ta kavSirisTvis, rom rac undaT, is gaakeTon TavianT
seqtorSi~. komunike magonebda sami dasavluri Zalis da
bonis memorandums, romelic avstriis federalurma kan-
clerma, bruno kraickim miiRo 1960 wels sabWoTa kavSi-
ris sagareo saqmeTa ministris andrei gromikosgan da
venaSi yofnisas wamakiTxa. es dokumenti safuZvelSive ga-
moxatavda sabWoTa kavSiris interess, `am sivrceSi~ dae-
myarebina stabiluroba da ukidures SemTxvevaSi, daedo
38
samSvidobo xelSekruleba gdr-Tan. brandtma gadawyvita
sagareo saqmeTa ministr brentanosTvis oTxi gamarjvebu-
li Zalis konferencia SeeTavazebina. igi xelmZRvanelob-
da mosazrebiT, rom sanam molaparakebebi mimdinareob-
da, aRmosavleTi calmxriv RonisZiebebs ar gaatarebda.
samwuxarod, brentanom uari ganucxada. Cven veTanxmebo-
diT erTmaneTs, rom qalaqis mxolod dasavleT nawilis
Sesaxeb arsebuli nebismieri xelSekruleba gdr-is de
faqto aRiarebas mxolod drois sakiTxad aqcevda.
Sionebergis ratuSaSi 1961 wlis ivnisSi 20 000 ltol-
vili aRvricxeT, xolo ivlisSi 30 000. kedlis aSenebis
wina saRamos vili brandtma niurnbergSi, federaluri
saarCevno kampaniis dawyebisas gaaxmaura mdgomareobis
Cveneuli Sefaseba: `am saRamos, 12 agvistos, berlinSi am
Tvis 17000-e ltolvili Semova. pirvelad mogviwevs 24 saa-
Tis ganmavlobaSi 2500 ltolvilis miReba. ratom moiweven
es adamianebi? romelma SiSma daZra es talRa? pasuxi am
kiTxvaze Semdegia: radgan sabWoTa kavSiri Cveni xalxis
winaaRmdeg SetevisTvis emzadeba da mciredni Tu acno-
biereben mis seriozulobas. radgan zonaSi adamianebs eS-
iniaT, rom rkinis fardis marwuxebi Cabetondeba. radgan
SiSiT Zrwian, rom gigantur sapyrobileSi gamoemwydevian.
radgan saSinlad tanjavT gancda, rom maT daiviwyeben, Ca-
moweren da msxverplad Seswiraven gulgrilobisa da xe-
lidan gaSvebuli Sansebis sakurTxevelze~. misi gamosvla
gawonasworebuli unda yofiliyo. arc unda gaebiabruebi-
na mdgomareoba da arc gaqcevisken moewodebina.
39
1961 wlis 13 agvisto
rodesac krizisi dadga, brandti mowodebis simaRleze
aRmoCnda. niurnbergSi misi gamosvlis Semdeg daiwyo mo-
salodneli, magram, amave dros, warmoudgeneli `cal-
mxrivi RonisZieba~. brandts es ambavi niurnbergidan
ki lisken mimaval Ramis matarebelSi daewia. matarebli-
dan Camovida, hanoveridan berlinSi Cafrinda da maSinve
brandenburgis karibWisken gaemarTa. iq igi gaxda berli-
nelebis usaSvelo aRSfoTebisa da brazis mowme. Semdeg
Tavis sicocxleSi pirvelad (da ukanasknelad) mivida me-
kavSireebis komendanturaSi, sadac daxvdnen moxeleebi,
romelTac aranairi miTiTeba ar hqondaT miRebuli. maT
ufrosebs TavianTi dedaqalaqebi SabaT-kviris gasatare-
blad daetovebinaT. ukanaskneli sabWoTa komendantis
fotosuraTi jer kidev kedelze ekida. brandtma, TiTqos
is yofiliyos miTiTebebze uflebamosili, qalaqis samive
komendants, romlebic, xalxTaSorisi samarTlis mixed-
viT, qalaqis mesveurebs warmoadgendnen, sakmaod mkacrad
mosTxova, jipebi mainc gaatareT quCebSi, rom berline-
lebs ar egonoT, ukve migvatoveso. ratuSaSi uSveri sity-
vebiT aginebda `im damplebs~, romelTac bolos da bolos
Seismines da jipebi mainc gauSves qalaqSi.
40
brandtma yvelanairi protokolis darRveviT, pir-
dapir prezident kenedis miswera mkvaxe, SemanjRreveli
werili, sadac sTavazobda gaeZlierebina amerikuli gar-
nizoni, rac momaval sam dReSi marTlac ganxorcielda.
jer kenedis pasuxi ar icoda, ise daniSna mitingi Sione-
bergis ratuSis win, raTa gamwarebuli da aRSfoTebuli
moqalaqeebisTvis miemarTa, sxva araferi SeeZlo, Tan,
arc is icoda, ra unda eTqva. erTad vmsjelobdiT, rogor
gamosuliyo sityviT am uaRresad feTqebad mdgomareoba-
Si; moedanze mozRvavebuli xalxis SemaSfoTebeli xmauri
Cvenamde ukve aRwevda. bolos da bolos raRac movifiqre
dasawyisisTvis da mere nawil-nawil vawodebdi gamosvlis
teqsts. bolo gverdebi sawer magidaze davude. aCqarebiT
daswvda, redaqtirebis droc aRar hqonda. me mis kabinet-
Si davrCi, pasuxismgeblobisgan makankalebda, Tanac misma
ndobam gamaogna. mosamagreblad koniaki davisxi da mxo-
lod maSin davwynardi, roca pirveli taSi momesma. msga-
vsi emociebi adamianebs erTmaneTTan akavSirebs. brandti
dabrunda. araferi uTqvams. mxolod mas ar moexsna lodi
gulidan. me Sevicani misi Zlevamosileba, misi Tavdadeba.
rac uf ro kuTxeSi aRmoCndeboda mimwyvdeuli, miT metad
emateboda gambedaoba.
misma gambedaobam kidev erTxel aRmafrTovana, ro-
desac 1969 wels, arCevnebis Rames gadawyvita valter
SeelisTvis daereka da social-liberalur koaliciaze
molaparakeboda. igive ganmeorda, rodesac misi pirve-
li samTavrobo gancxadebis sagareo politikis nawilze
vmsjelobdiT. `did Temebs rom SeeWidebi, gulisTqmas
ar unda ahyve, sakuTar Tavs unda ajobo~, Tqva man da
miuxedavad Cemi WoWmanisa, mxari dauWira Seelis ideas,
daemsxvria tabu da gdr-isTvis ewodebina saxelmwifo,
41
romelic CvenTvis verafriT iqneboda sazRvargareTi.
am formulam, rogorc mogvianebiT SevityveT, moskovs
seriozuli molaparakebebisken ubiZga. an Tundac 1972
wels, rodesac saparlamento umravlesobis dakargvis
Semdeg axali arCevnebis Catareba gadawyvita da partiis
wevrebis umravlesobis rCevis sawinaaRmdegod, gdr-is mi-
marT Cveni politikis arc tempi da arc intensivoba ar
daugdia. `rodesac darwmunebuli xar, rom samarTliansa
da saWiros akeTeb, jobs afrialebuli droSebiT CaiZiro,
vidre waborZikde~. aseTi iyo misi sityvebi.
pirovnuli sxva Tvisebac axasiaTebda – iolad wyin-
da. Za lian imoqmeda masze, rom adenauerma ise gaagr-
Zela saar Cevno kampania, TiTqos araferi momxdariyos,
arada kede li dRiTi-dRe izrdeboda. adenaueris mier 14
agvistos regensburgSi saarCevno RonisZiebaze urcxvad
naTqvami sami sityva `brandti, igive frami~, mis ukanono
Svilobaze da emigrantebis mimarT zogadad TavSekavebul
damokidebulebaze qaragmulad iyo naTqvami, Tan iseTi
formiT, TiTqos vinme damnaSaves gulisxmobda. am samma
sityvam gulSi daWra kaci, romelic omis dros sxvanai-
ri, ukeTesi germaniisTvis ibrZoda da sakuTari nebiT
dabrunda samSobloSi.
kedlis aSenebis wina periodSi brandtis warsuli di-
dad salaparako Tema ar gamxdara. msmenoda, rom mZime
bav Svoba hqonda liubekSi. misi emigraciaSi cxovrebis
periodi mxolod zogadad vicodi: Tundac arcTu usa-
frTxo gaqceva baltiis zRvis gavliT, daniaSi, Semdeg
norvegiaSi gatarebuli wlebi, SvedeTSi Tavis Sefareba
omis dros da araCveulebriv ruTTan, mis meuRlesTan
Sexvedra. germaniaSi norvegiuli samxedro uniformiT
dabrunda, Tumca, es maSin arc ucnauroba iyo da arc
42
dasaZraxi. sxvebis winaSe amayobda, rom nacional-socia-
lizmis mowinaaRmdege iyo. mxolod marto yofnisas ga-
daaqnevda xolme Tavs, ukvirda, germaniis federaciulma
respublikam rad ar ixmo ukan emigrantebi. ufro metic,
es dasavleT germaniis Secdomad miaCnda, aRmosavleT
berlins msgavsi Secdoma ar dauSvia. rodesac faSisteb-
ma samarcxvinod CamoarTves mas moqalaqeoba da waarTves
samSoblo, moqalaqeobis aRsadgenad Seitana gancxadeba.
biurokratiuli procedura saocar winaaRmdegobaSi mo-
dioda bunebriv molodinTan, rom kargad miiRebdnen. ra
unda eqna, rom mieRoT da es erwmuna?
ra ar vicodiT Cven: sanam brandti berlinSi ukontro-
lo dapirispirebis da sisxlisRvris aRsakveTad ibrZoda,
adenauerma sabWoTa elCi daibara da daarwmuna, boni su-
lac ar apirebs, mdgomareoba gaamwvavoso. aradiploma-
tiur enaze es niSnavs, moskovs SeuZlia berlinis xmau-
riani meri seriozulad arc miiRoso.
gacofebuli brandti SiSs moggvrida. kategoriulad
ugulebelhyo, roca urCies, am samarcxvino saqciels nu
ahyvebio. magram xelCasaWidad verafers daupirispirebda,
mxolod Tavdacva ki Rirsebas Seulaxavda. franc iozef
Strausma, aseve saarCevno kampaniisas, mzakvrulad da fa-
risevlurad ganacxada, vici, omis dros rasac akeTebdao
(neta marTla icoda?); yoveli dRe Sxamad gveqca, roca
saaTebi iflangeboda diskusiebSi, rogor davpirispire-
bodiT aseT ciliswamebas da eWvebs samarTlebrivi gziT.
asobiT mogebuli procesic ki arafers moitanda. mxdali
naZirlebi zurgSi danas gvirtyamdnen da laTinuri ga-
moTqmis utyuarobaSi gvarwmunebdnen: Semper aliquid haeret. magram sawyenia, roca raRac naleqi rCeba. 1965 wlis war-
matebuli, magram molodinTan SedarebiT mainc wagebuli
43
arCevnebis Semdeg, brandti da misi meuRle ruTi serio-
zulad fiqrobdnen norvegiaSi dabrunebuliyvnen.
visac surs Seicnos brandtis pirovneba, ar unda ga-
morCes mudmivi Wriloba, Tundac igi Sexorcebuli Candes,
rac mas adenaueris sityvebma da Semdeg, aTwleulebis gan-
mavlobaSi, misi warsulis winaaRmdeg warmarTulma kampa-
niebma miayenes. gulqva sulac ar iyo, rom yoveldRiuri
politikuri SemotevebisTvis da siZulviliT savse kampa-
niebisTvis iolad gaeZlo. aseve mwvaved ganicdida, roca
misi vaJebis tolerantul aRzrdaze qilikobdnen. saku-
Tar sust mxareebs ar malavda. swored amaSi mdgomareob-
da misi Rirseba. da swored amiT izidavda adamianebs da
amiT moipova popularoba. brandtis mgrZnobiare buneba
mis Zlier mxared iqca.
Wrilobis nawiburebi aRar stkioda, roca ukanaskne-
lad SevxvdiT. brZola ukve dasrulebuliyo. gardacvlil
federalur kanclers, saukeTeso gagebiT civilur ada-
mians, umaRlesi samxedro pativi miages berlinis raixs-
tagSi – es iyo imis simbolo, rom igi sakuTarma qveyanam
miiRo, zustad ise, rasac TviTon didxans amaod eltvo-
da: Sin dabrunda.
44
Cakiruli gayofa
1945 wlis agvistoSi, is-is iyo Seviswavle axali ambebis
gavrcelebis amerikuli wesi – vin, rodis, rogor, sad da
ra – SeZlebisdagvarad unda warmoCndes pirvelive wina-
dadebaSi. maSin wavikiTxe, rom gamarjvebulebma potsdam-
Si saidumlo Sexvedra gamarTes da germaniis Sesaxeb
xelSekruleba dades. ar gamkvirvebia, rom radioSi arc
Cvenma amerikelma kolegebma icodnen rame da arc da-
marcxebulma germanelebma. saocari Sveba vigrZeni: germa-
nia gauyofeli datoves. warmoebis aRmSeneblobis ufle-
bac ki mogvces, ra Tqma unda, ara iaraRis warmoebis, rac
isedac aravis surda, da davkargeT miwebi oderis iqiTa
mxares – mtkivneuli iyo, magram gasagebi. mmarTveloba
oTx zonad daiyo qveyanaSic da berlinSic, romelic war-
moadgenda oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis pasuxismgeblobis
erTaderT saerTo regions. maT jer kidev ar icodnen,
ramxela tvirTi wamoikides.
veravin ifiqrebda, rom raixis winaaRmdeg omis dros
gaerTianebuli mekavSireebi, Semdgom oTx weliwadSi,
civi omis mowinaaRmdegeni gaxdebodnen da or germa-
nul saxelmwifos daaarsebdnen. veravin ganWvretda, rom
drois imave mokle monakveTSi dedaqalaqi gaiyofoda da
urTierTmuqaris da SantaJis obieqtad iqceoda, da rom
45
saSiSi dapirispireba kulminacias 1961 wlis oqtombris
bolos miaRwevda, srolis surviliT Sepyrobili ameri-
kelebis da sabWoelebis berlinis fridrixStraseze gan-
lagebuli tankebis wyalobiT. oTxi Zalis statusma, ro-
melic germaniaze erToblivi kontrolis instrumentad
iyo Cafiqrebuli, seqtorebis demarkaciis xazebisgan or
sistemas Soris sazRvari Seqmna. politikuri da samxe-
dro TvalsazrisiT iq nato da varSavis xelsekruleba
idga erTmaneTis pirispir. maTi kanonebi amoqmedda da
gamarjvebulebi sakuTari interesebis mZevlebad aqcia.
berlini orive mxarisaTvis zedmeti tvirTi aRmoCnda.
vercerTi miscemda Tavs uflebas, es tvirTi Camoexsna,
Tumca orives SeeZlo misi ganeitraleba ecada. presti-
Ji aiZulebda orive mxares, moendomebinaT, rom berlini
sando, erToblivad garantirebuli stabilurobis kerad
eqciaT.
kedlis aRmarTva civi omis kulminaciad da misi da-
sasrulis dasawyisad iqca, rac maSin ar SeimCneoda. ro-
gor unda gagego, rom 1961 wlis 14 agvitos berlinis
dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisken mimarTuli yvela quCa
mavTulxlarTebiT gadaketes da, amave dros, gamoica
gdr-is Sinagan saqmeTa ministris brZaneba, rom dasa-
vleTis sami gamarjvebuli Zalis warmomadgenlebs mxo-
lod sami gasasvleliT SeeZloT esargeblaT da bolos
am samidan mxolod erTi – Carlis gamSvebi punqti darCa
fridrixStraseze? upirveles yovlisa: dasavleTis sami
gamarjvebuli Zala emorCileboda ministris miTiTebas,
romelsac amis ufleba ar gaaCnda da saxelmwifosas, ro-
melic, maTi gagebiT, saerTod ar arsebobda.
osloSi natos sxdomis mogoneba da sabWoTa memoran-
dumi, romelic bruno kraiskim wamakiTxa, mexsierebaSi
46
isev amomitivtivda da usiamovno eWvi gamiCina, rom es
yovelive Cumad xom ar momzadda dasavleTisa da aRmo-
savleTis erToblivi SeTanxmebiT. mas Semdeg, rac xruS-
Covma da kenedim uSedegod mousinjes erTmaneTs kbili
venaSi, jon makkloi, germaniis federaciul respubli-
kaSi aSS-s yofili umaRlesi komisari, yirimSi gafrinda
da xruSCovs CogburTi eTamaSa. netav erTmaneTs imazec
xom ar esaubrnen, rom moesinjaT, rogor SeiZleboda
mSvidobianad moegvarebinaT berlinis sadavo sakiTxi?
savaldebulo SeTanxmebebs ver dadebdnen. magram aRmo-
savleTi 13 agvistos Semdeg sami dRe elodeboda dasa-
vleTis reaqcias, sanam mavTulxlarTebs qviTa da beto-
niT Caanacvlebda da kedlis mSeneblobas daiwyebda. riski
aRar arsebobda.
rodis mixvda kenedi, rom berlinis, samxedro Tval-
sazrisiT dasavleTis yvelaze susti wertilis dacva war-
moudgeneli iyo, magram arc mudmivi politikuri zewo-
la SeiZleboda misadgom gzebze? unda mimxvdariyvnen,
rom ganmuxtvis politikaze moskovi ar wamovidoda, sa-
nam arsebobda aqilevsis qusli – berlini. sapirispirod
aRwera situacia amerikelma istorikosma, houp harison-
ma 2003 wels, mas Semdeg, rac moskovis arqivebi Seiswavla
– rom xruSCovma moatyua ulbrixti. igi mzakvrulad
Sehpirda ulbrixts calke samSvidobo xelSekrulebas da
amave dros misi mTavari mizani iyo stabilurobis miRweva
meore super-saxelmwifosTan. kenedim ki Tavisi warmateba
– berlinis usafrTxoebis xelSeuxebloba – mxolod 1963
wels gamoxata SeZaxiliT `ich bin ein Berliner~.
mas Semdeg berlinSi krizisi aRar damdgara, sanam ke-
deli ar daingra. aRarc germaniaSi. vaSingtonsa da mos-
kovs aRar ucdiaT germaniis gayofis Semsubuqeba an su-
47
lac gadalaxva. evropaSi status kvo kargad muSaobda
da kubis krizissac ki gauZlo; igi mxolod maSin Seirya,
roca germania gaerTianda da sabWoTa kavSiri daiSala.
ar maxsendeba istoriis arcerTi dauwereli SeTanxmeba,
romelsac ase Seumcdarad emuSaos ocdaaTi wlis gan-
mavlobaSi. am ganzomilebas vercerT dedaqalaqSi ver
ganWvretdnen.
*
prezidenti kenedi Tavdapirvelad gaognda, rom ara
vTqvaT, gabrazdao, vili brandtis werilze, Tumca swra-
fad miiRo gadawyvetileba da 1500 kaciani sabrZolo
danayofiT gaaZliera berlinis garnizoni. jariskacebis
gasamxneveblad vice-prezidenti lindon b. jonsoni da
sahaero xidis gmiri generali lucius d. klei moavlina
berlinSi; berlinelebi ki iseTi ovaciebiT Sexvdnen ame-
rikelebs, TiTqos sakuTari jariskacebi gamarjvebulni
dabrunebodeT omidan.
jonsoni grZnobda, rogor umjobesdeboda ganwyoba
da gaxalisda. Sionebergis ratuSaSi Sexvedrisas brand-
tis fexsacmeli moewona. vinc sxvisgan elis moqmedebas,
TviTonac unda gaisarjos. hoda, protokolma SabaT dRes
ukve daketili maRazia gaaRebina da fexsacmeli uSovna.
gasinjvisas aRmoCnda, rom gansxvavebuli zomis terfebi
hqonia – esec mogvarda.
kenedis sapasuxo werili, romelic jonsonma gadmogv-
ca, mxolod misi gafrenis Semdeg wavikiTxeT. prezidentis
gzavnilma civi wyali gadagvasxa: kedlis moSla mxolod
omiTaa SesaZlebeli, magram `verc Tqven da verc veravin
48
mekavSireTagan verasodes ifiqrebs aq omi wamoiwyoT~. is,
rom kedeli xruSCovis damarcxebas niSnavda, radgan igi
mas ar aaSenebda, miznad mTeli berlinis dakaveba rom ga-
nezraxa, Tavis motyuebad aRviqviT da kenedis SorsmWvre-
telobas ver mivuxvdiT.
axla ukve vicodiT: gayofa xangrZlivi ambavi iqnebo-
da. amis xmamaRla Tqma ar SeiZleboda, rom xalxs imedi ar
dahkargvoda. upirveles yovlisa, mware SegrZneba dagveu-
fla. Cvens studentebs undodaT alJireli Tanatolebis-
Tvis miebaZaT da plastikuri asafeTqebeli nivTierebiT
daengriaT kedeli. senati iZulebuli gaxda policia ga-
moeyo kedlis dasacavad. Cvens policielebs ar hqondaT
ufleba iaraRiT daecvaT ltolvilebi, miuxedavad imisa,
rom Cveni azriT, maT samarTlianad undodaT gaqceuliy-
vnen; policias arc gdr-is jariskacebze srolis ufleba
hqonda, Cveni gagebiT isini ukanono atarebdnen samxedro
formas da iaraRs. Cvens prokuraturas ar SeeZlo saqme
aReZra daxmarebis gawevaze uari Tqmis braldebiT, radgan
mSvidoba Cvensave interesebSi iyo. status kvos araferi
unda damuqreboda.
is, rasac senati mixvda, magram ver gamoTqvamda, erTi
wlis Semdeg gacxadda, rodesac ltolvil peter fex-
ters esroles. fexteri aRmosavleT seqtorSi waiqca da
ormocdaaTi wuTi ar epueboda sikvdils, sanam suli ar
dalia. dasavleT berlinelebma iqve mdgar amerikel ofi-
cers mimarTes, misTvis daxmareba gaewia, Seagulianes,
Sen xom samxedro forma gicavso. ugrZnobelma da kore-
qtulma pasuxma ar daayovna: `Cemi kompetencia seqtoris
sazRvarTan mTavrdeba~. ase gaSiSvlda namdvili realo-
ba, ramac omis Semdeg pirveli antiamerikuli mitingebi
gamoiwvia. rodesac Carlis gamSveb punqtTan amerikuli
49
da sabWoTa tankebi erTmaneTisgan 200 metris daSorebiT
ganlagdnen, brandtma ratuSaSi Tqva – roca spiloebi
cekvaven, jobia Tagunebi sadme SeiyuJono.
1963 wlis 23 ivniss kenedis viziti berlinSi misma
pres-spikerma pier selinjerma moamzada. maSin SeviTvise:
sityviT gamomsvlelis mimarT telekameris daxris kuTxe
da daSoreba ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre iqve msmenelebi-
sadmi, radgan televizia met mayurebels swvdeba.
ovaciebis fonze, qalaqSi gaseirnebis Semdeg pre-
zidentma jer mmarTveli meris sapirfareSo `daaTva-
liera~, sanam mis kabinetSi, TarjimanTan erTad bolTis
cemas da CurCuliT Tavisi gamosvlis mecadineobas mohy-
veboda. Cvengan aravin icoda, ris Tqmas apirebda pre-
zidenti. brandtis sawer magidasTan adenaueri ijda da
gazeT `noies doiClands~ kiTxulobda. ratuSis win moe-
dani arasodes yofila ase gadavsebuli. rodesac kene-
dim Tavisi cnobili fraza warmoTqva, romelic berlinis
xelSeuxeblobas niSnavda, adenauers gaexarda, brandts ki
saxe moeWmuxna. `ich bin ein Berliner~ zustad Seesatyviseboda
saerTo ganwyobas. naSuadRevs, Tavisufal universitetSi
prezidentma sabWoTa kavSirTan urTierTobis ganmuxt-
vaze da TanamSromlobaze isaubra. axla brandts uxaro-
da, adenauers ki saxe gauSeSda.
kenediT aRtacebis miuxedavad, cxadi gaxda: am urCxu-
lis – kedlis dangrevaSi aravin dagvexmareboda. swored
aseT gamouval mdgomareobaSi iSva mosazreba, erTeuli
adamianebisTvis mainc gamxdariyo SesaZlebeli `gaRma~
myofi ojaxis wevrebis monaxuleba, Tundac ramdenime
saaTiT. adamianuri yofis Semsubuqebis sawinaaRmdego
oTxidan arc erT Zalas ar gamouTqvams. arc mere, roca
daadgines, rom amisaTvis manamde senatsa da aRmosavleT
50
berlins Soris pirdapiri molaparakebebis tabu unda
darRveuliyo. gamarjvebulma Zalebma xom status kvos
gamyareba dauwerel kanonad miiRes da ganaxorcieles
kidec. axla isRa awuxebdaT, xelSeuxebeli darCeniliyo
maTi, rogorc gamarjvebulebis mudmivi uflebebi. gamar-
jvebulebis mimarT pativiscema gaxldaT sakuTari inte-
resebis gatarebis erTaderTi gza. ase uwyinrad daiwyo
gasvlis nebarTvebis gacema, romliTac 1963 wels, saSo-
baod, pirvelad moinaxules dasavleT berlinelebma Ta-
vianTi naTesavebi qalaqis aRmosavleT nawilSi.
1963 wlis 18 dekembers vili brandti ormocdaaTi
wlis Sesrulda. es iyo pirveli dRe, roca gaica aRmo-
savleTSi gadasasvleli nebarTvebi. roca dabadebis dRe
miuloces, Tqva: `es aris Cemi cxovrebis erT-erTi sauke-
Teso dRe. Sobis es kvirebi dagvanaxebs, rom Cven erTi
qveynis Svilebi da erTi eri varT~.
is, rom rva wlis Semdeg, 1971 wels, egreT wodebuli
oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis xelSekruleba mTeli germaniis
sakiTxze molaparakebebs orive germanuli mTavrobis mo-
nawileobis gareSe veRar ganaxorcielebda, jer hori-
zontze ar Canda. xolo cxrameti wlis Semdeg, 1990 wels,
oTxi gamarjvebuli Zala notariusad iqca, romelTac
sxva aRaraferi darCenodaT, garda realobis aRiarebisa,
romelic kedelze mitanilma ieriSma gamoiwvia.
ukan mixedvisas dasturdeba, rom kedlis aRmarTva
germaniis omisSemdgomi istoriis gardatexis momentia.
man gamoiwvia germaniis ganmuxtvis politika, romelmac
oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis mier gayofili ori germanuli
obieqti evropis SuagulSi erT suverenul subieqtad aq-
cia. am politikis gareSe, aseTi saxiT gaerTianebas vera-
sodes mivaRwevdiT.
51
axali miznebi
mniSvnelovan programul niSnulad iqca 1963 wlis ivlis-
Si tutcingis yriloba. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom or
weliwadSi kancleri SeiZleboda gamxdariyo, tutcingis
evangelisturi akademiis politikurma klubma brandts
sTxova sagareo da usafrTxoebis politikis miseuli xe-
dva waredgina. didi mondomebiT vimuSaveT xelnawerze,
bevrjer SevasworeT. amasobaSi akademiis direqtorma
roland-fridrix mesnerma damireka da mTxova sadisku-
sio gamosvla momemzadebina. vWomanobdi, Tavi sruliad
dacarielebuli mqonda. xangrZlivi xvewnis mere gadavwy-
vite brandtis sityvidan erTi punqti gamomeyo da mis
magaliTze meCvenebina, Tu ras niSnavda Cveni sagareo
politikuri koncefcia or germanul saxelmwifos Soris
urTierTobisTvis. am ideis gaCenis Semdeg saaT-naxevar-
Si Cems moadgiles vukarnaxe teqsti, man ki iqidan air-
Cia fraza `gardaqmna daaxloebis gziT~ da saTaurad wa-
rumZRvara Cems gamosvlas. miunxenisken gzaSi xelnaweri
brandtsac vaCvene. man waikiTxa, kuStad damibruna da
miTxra `kargi~.
orive CvenganisTvis moulodnelad, Cemi xalmokle
sityva diskusiaze politikuri bombiviT afeTqda da
52
brandts ar daufaravs ukmayofileba, rom mis grZel ga-
mosvlas sakadrisi yuradReba ar mohyolia. diskusiaSi
Cems wvlilze, romelsac Cvensave partiaSi gaafTrebuli
winaaRmdegoba Sexvda, herbert venerma Tqva `bar-aqala am
uazrobaso~, Tumca, ramdenime wlis Semdeg, Cemi Tezisi
bonis ganmuxtvis politikad iqca.
*
social-demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomareobis kandi-
datis gamocdilebas Cvens mezobel kontinentTan – afri-
kasTan Sexvedra aklda. me namyofi gaxldiT safrangeTis
yofil koloniebSi – dasavleT da centralur afrikaSi
da Semdeg, 1959 wels, ganaSi vimuSave federaluri mTa-
vrobis warmomadgenlis rangSi. didi Zalisxmeva damWirda
Sefi damerwmunebina, rom aseTi mogzauroba aucilebe-
li iyo da rogorc iqna, 1963 wlis Semodgomaze afri-
kaSi gavemgzavreT. pirveli gaCereba kairoSi STambeWdav
Sexvedras gvimzadebda gamal abdel naserTan, romelmac
mSvidad da daJinebiT gagvacno Tavisi pesimisturi xed-
va: roca asuanis kaSxali dasruldeba da aTi wlis Semdeg
tba dagubdeba, bambis mosaSenebeli farTobi ki gaormag-
deba, magram mosaxleoba kidev ufro swrafad gaizrdeba
da siRaribe moimatebso.
misma aRmatebulebam, eTiopiis mefe haile sela-
sim agvixsna, rom imaze met axalgazrdas ar miecemoda
evropaSi swavlis ufleba, ramdenic qveyanas sWirdebo-
da. universiteti mxolod axalgazrdobis mousvenar,
dausaqmebel masas qmniso. iulius nierere daressalamSi
gvarwmunebda, Cems qveyanas soflis meurneobaSi daxmare-
53
ba ki ar sWirdeba germaniis federaciuli respublikidan,
aramed saWiro teqnika, rom tanzaniaze sruli energoda-
mokidebuleba SevamciroTo. cota xnis win damoukide-
bloba mopovebulma, magram saerTaSoriso koncernebze
damokidebulma saxelmwifoebma, rogoricaa nigeria da
alJiri ki Cems megobars bevri siaxle SesZines.
rodesac berlinSi davbrundiT, brandtis saxlSi Se-
vikribeT SlaxTenzeeze, iq iyo misi moadgile hainrix
albertcic, romelmac gviambo, ra momxdariyo amasobaSi
Cvens `patara qalaqSi~. telefonTan mixmes da Sematyo-
bines, rom kenedize Tavdasxma ganexorcielebinaT. cota
xanSi wamogvewia misi sikvdilis Tavzardamcemi ambavi.
mZime realoba glovis dros ar gvitovebda. gancxade-
bebi, droSebis daSveba, interviuebi da dakrZalvis ce-
remonialSi monawileoba iyo upirvelesi gadasawyveti
sakiTxebi. amasobaSi berlinelebma fanjrebSi sanTlebi
aanTes, rogorc ernst roiteris gardacvalebisas. isini
glovobdnen kacs, romelmac usafrTxoebis garantia mis-
caT. 1963 wlis 22 noemberi msoflioSi bevr adamians ar
daaviwydeba.
1964 wlis dasawyisSi brandtma social-demokratiu-
li partiis saTaveSi aw gardacvlili erix olenhaueri
Secvala. momdevno wels meored ganacxada pretenzia fe-
deraluri kancleris postze. isev rekorduli maCvene-
beli moutana Tavis partias, magram ludvig erhardTan
damarcxda.
54
gamouqveynebeli wigni
1965 wels arCevnebSi kidev erTi damarcxebisa da kedlis
aSenebis Sedegad germaniis sakiTxis dablokvis gamo, vi-
fiqre, rom aRmosavleTisa da germaniis Sesaxeb momavlis
politikis koncefciis SemuSaveba sasargeblo iqneboda,
saTauriT `axla ras vSvrebiT?~ 180 gverdiani xelnaweri
1966 wlis martis bolos mzad iyo. vili brandts gadave-
ci, man ki sul male, 6 aprils dawvrilebiT mipasuxa.
koncefcia celendorfSi Cemi gamosvlis gagrZelebas
warmoadgenda da bonis mier manamde gatarebuli poli-
tikis mkafio Semobrunebas ganixilavda, maSasadame, jer
daZabulobis ganmuxtva da Semdeg gaerTianeba. germa-
niis sakiTxis gadaWris gzad davamuSave evropuli usa-
frTxoebis sistemis sakiTxi, romelic germaniis usa-
frTxoebas germaniisgan usafrTxoebas ukavSirebda da
orive super-saxelmwifos mier stabilurad ganxorcie-
lebul daSinebis politikas efuZneboda. procesi unda
dawyebuliyo orive germanul saxelmwifos Soris mowes-
rigebuli Tanaarsebobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebiT da mosko-
vi unda yofiliyo masSi mudmivad CarTuli. miznad da-
saxuli stabiluroba ar unda gadazrdiliyo Zaladobriv
dapirispirebaSi – rogorc es moxda 1953 wels gdr-Si
da 1956 wels poloneTsa da ungreTSi. 1989 wels, kedel-
55
ze ieriSis Semdeg, oTxive Zala afrTxilebda germanel
politiko sebs: `procesi ukontrolo ar unda gaxdes~.
1966 wels vercerTi mTavroba ver iwinaswarmetyvelebda
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlas. garkveuli saxis liberalizacia
SesaZleblad miiCneoda, magram ara imperiis dasasruli.
vili brandtis reaqcia moulodnel xelnawers swrafad
mohyva, igi avtoris suliskveTebas srulad iziarebda.
`berlinis presis samsaxuris ufrosi da social-demokra-
tiuli partiis Tavmjdomaris uSualo TanamSromeli am
nawers am saxiT ver gamoaqveynebs~. man mTxova, xelnaweri
`partiis xelmZRvanelobis Sida msjelobis dokumentad
meqcia~. tutcingSi Cems gamosvlaze reaqcia jer kidev
kargad maxsovda. Sefis interesSi ver iqneboda iseTi Si-
naarsis wigni, romelic mZafr dapirispirebas gamoiwvevda.
misi SemoTavazeba iyo `patara samuSao jgufis~ Seqmna da
savaraudod, SemodgomisTvis `jerovnad gadamuSavebuli
versiis~ gamoqveyneba, garda amisa, SemogvTavaza, evropis
usafrTxoebis da gaerTianebuli germaniis usafrTxoebis
RonisZiebebis sakiTxi helmut SmidtTanac ganvixiloTo.
misi TavSekaveba aRviqvi rogorc uaryofis daxvewili
forma. igi exeboda safexurebriv models, romelzedac
miTxra, `praqtikuli politikis TvalTaxedvidan SeuZle-
beli mgoniao~.
teqstSi vayalibebdi azrs, rom `berlinis mmarTveli
meri vili brandti am wigniT mxolod uflebas aZlevs Ta-
vis TanamSromlebs, hqondaT sakuTari azrebi da gamoxa-
ton kidec isini~. man daundoblad mkafio xelnaweri ko-
mentariT mimiTiTa erT epizodze, romelic samarTlebriv
sakiTxebSi prezident kenedis mrCevlis, ted sorensenis
mier daweril kenedis biografiaSi gvxvdeba: `1960 wlis
dekemberSi kenedisTan erTad mosawvevebi ganvixileT, ro-
56
melic CemTvis gamoegzavnaT. moxsenebebis wasakiTxad me-
patiJebodnen; garda amisa, ramdenime Jurnals surda Cem
Sesaxeb statia gamoeqveynebina. `yvela ukan daabruneT~,
miTxra man da me mis rCevas vende... `Tu ginda davidarabas
Tavi aarido, ukana planze unda darCe~.
ra xSirad kiTxulobda Sefi mniSvnelovan, saintereso,
gindac pikantur raRacebs Cemze adre (netav rodis aswreb-
da?). xSirad mirCevda xolme: `es SegiZlia arc waikiTxo~.
axali literaturuli gamocemebis Sesaxeb kargad iyo in-
formirebuli. hoda, masTan mivedi, raTa kiTxvaze `axla
ras vSvrebiT~ mepasuxa, rom wigns ar gamovcemdi. didad
ar gaumaxvilebia yuradReba, sruliad axali Tema gamac-
no. mosalodnelia, rom Semodgomaze didi koalicia Seiqm-
nas, rac maincdamainc ar aRmafrTovanebso. Cemi fantazia
sakmarisi aRmoCnda imis warmosadgenad, rom am viTarebaSi
wigni bombiviT gaskdeboda.
mainc ar minania, rom viSrome. upirveles yovlisa:
brandtma waikiTxa xelnaweri da Semifasa. am Temaze sau-
bari saWiro aRar iyo. wigni Cveni momavali wlebis poli-
tikis umTavres Temebs eZRvneboda. CemTvis mniSvnelovani
teqsti saweri magidis ujraSi Cavkete da brandts usia-
movneba avacile. igi Cems megobrul loialobas tyuilad
ar endoboda. misi mrCevlidan megobrad viqeci.
57
meore nawili – boni
didi koalicia – arapopularuli
da gardauvali
brandti jer kidev 1965 wlis saarCevno kampaniaSi miRe-
bul Seuracxyofas da bundestagis wagebul arCevnebs
ganicdida, magram 1966 wlis ivnisSi partiis yrilobam
brwyinvale SedegiT isev airCia partiis Tavmjdomared.
326 delegatidan 324-ma dauWira mxari.
rodesac kancler erhardis federaluri mTavroba ver
SeTanxmda qristian-demokratiuli da qristian-socialu-
ri partiebis gaerTianebis mier dagegmil gadasaxadebis
gazrdaze, Tavisufali demokratebis partiis ministrebi
1966 wlis 27 oqtombers gadadgnen. imave dRes Camovuwere
brandts Cveni SesaZleblobebis dawvrilebiTi analizi.
`qdk/qsk gaerTianebasTan~ erTad yofna `garyvnilebis~
STabeWdilebas datovebda, Tavisufali demokratebisTvis,
rogorc partniorebisTvis, ueWvelad unda migveniWebina
upiratesoba. magram: `Tuki Tavisufal demokratebTan ma-
Tive mizeziT ar gamogviva, maSin kidev erTxel seriozu-
lad unda ganvixiloT didi koaliciis sakiTxi ... SeiZleba
es aRmoCndes erTaderTi Sansi am qveyanaSi xalxis mxar-
daWeris mosapoveblad~. yvela riskis gaTvaliswinebiT:
`social-demokratiuli partia araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar
unda darCes gareT~.
58
sanam social-demokratebis saxeliT herbert veneri
da helmut Smidti da `gaerTianebis~ saxeliT kurt georg
kizingeri da rainer barceli rigSi dgebodnen, kulisebSi
momavlis ganmsazRvreli Sexvedra Sedga. brandtma bonSi
mimavlina, rom hans-ditrix genSerTan, maSin bundestag-
Si Tavisufali demokratebis fraqciis Tavmjdomares-
Tan, SesaZlo koaliciis sakiTxi ganmexila. saubari mis
kabinetSi Sedga. igi erTmniSvnelovnad emxroboda aseTi
koaliciis Seqmnas, miuxedavad minimaluri umravleso-
bisa. magram genSers partiuli megobrebi valter Seeli
da viliam bormi afrTxilebdnen, liberaluri fraqciis
erTianoba garantirebuli ar ariso. amitom es mcdeloba
dasamarda, me ki werili davwere Seelis saxelze, romel-
Sic Sefi mwuxarebas gamoTqvamda, rom kavSiri ver Sedga:
`aman ar unda SegviSalos xeli urTierTobis gagrZele-
baSi ... imeds gamovTqvam, rom yovelives SevinarCunebT~.
mTavrobis damtkiceba 1966 wlis dekembramde gaWianurda.
herbert venerma Tavis mizans miaRwia.
didi koalicia brandts ejavreboda. erCivna, partiis
Tavmjdomared darCeniliyo. magram partiis Tavmjdo-
mare, romelic kabinetis wevri ar aris an vice-kancleri,
romelsac umniSvnelo sfero abaria, ara mxolod mis sia-
mayes ewinaaRmdegeboda, aramed Zalauflebis mimarT mis
damokidebulebas da sagareo uwyebis xiblsac.
wina wlebis cilismwameblur da Seuracxmyofel kam-
panias Rrma kvali daemCnia misi sulisTvis. male Segueba
mouwevda gavrcelebul saxelwodebasTan – `Serigebis fe-
deralur mTavroba~. igi mTavrobis wevrebis biografiebs
icnobda: emigrantis da yofili memarcxene-socialistis
– brandtis gverdiT ijda kizingeri, romelic, ekonomikis
ministris – social-demokrat karl Sileris msgav sad,
59
adre nacional-socialisturi partiis wevri iyo. maSin,
roca yofili komunisti veneri – amjerad saerTo germa-
nuli sakiTxis ministri – moskovis sastumro luqss ga-
daurCa, finansTa ministri franc iozef Strausi ki ver-
maxtis oficeri gaxldaT.
Strauss brandti pativs scemda. mas miaCnda, rom ba-
varieli Tavisi unarebiTa da energiiT kancleradac
ivargebda, miuxedavad imisa, rom TavSeukavebeli xasiaTi
bevr rameSi xels uSlida. qristian-socialist Strauss
did eleqtrosadgurs adarebda, romelsac patara boslis
damcavebi aqvs.
kizingeri ki, romelsac Sinaurulad `kionig zil-
bercunges~ eZaxdnen, brandts msubuq woniT kategoriad
miaCnda. mis sazogadoebaSi Tavs kargad ver grZnobda
da mTavrobis meTaurTan komunikacia veners gadauloca.
fraqciis Tavmjdomareebi – helmut Smidti da rainer
barceli, Cinebuli menejerebi, parlamentis uproblemo
muSaobas uzrunvelyofdnen.
60
sagareo uwyebaSi
Sionebergis ratuSis senatis kancelaria, aTobiT maRa-
li rangis moxeliTa da aliansis wevrebTan damakavSire-
buli sami oficriT, ise gansxvavdeboda sagareo uwyebis
aparatisgan, rogorc kargad gamarTuli mcire sawarmo
ver gautoldeba saerTaSoriso koncerns, anda, berlinis
policiis prezidentis uflebebi da bonis Tavdacvis mi-
nistris Zalmosileba. federaluri done sxva Tvisebebs
moiTxovda da yoveldRiuri informaciisa da moqmedebe-
bis moculoba TviT berlinis mmarTveli merisTvisac sxva
ganzomileba aRmoCnda. naxtomi Sionebergis ratuSidan
pirdapir kancleris aparatSi brandts ar gamouvidoda.
sagareo saqmeTa axali ministris – brandtisTvis gake-
Tebul CanawerSi, berlinSi SeTvisebuli stiliT, zedme-
tad mkafiod gamovxate azri: rom umniSvnelovanesi iyo
gagvebaTilebina adenaueris mtkiceba, TiTqosda mTa-
vrobaSi social-demokratTa yofna germaniis dasasruls
moaswavebda. `didi koaliciis fsiqologiuri simtkice,
maSasadame, mravali tabu jer kidev dasamsxvrevi iyo~.
`tabus damsxvrevas~ brandtma xazi gausva da iqve miawera:
`ara orientacia, saerTo niSnuli!~ maSasadame, Serigeba
urTierTTanamSromlobiT, sakoalicio mSvidobis xarjze
sagareo politikuri tabuirebis damsxvrevis magivrad.
61
Cems CanawerSi dasaxuli yvela sxva mizani gaiTva-
liswina: diplomatiuri urTierTobebis damyareba aRmo-
savleT evropisa da arabul qveynebTan, natos refor-
ma, diplomatiuri urTierTobebis damyareba CineTTanac
ki. me vwerdi: `es fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT yvelaze
ukeT da Tan materialuri danaxarjis gareSe gamokveTs
federaciuli respublikis simwifes~. ukan rom vixedebi,
didi koaliciis sagareo politikuri monapovari sakmaod
Wrelia: naklebi, vidre gvsurda da meti, vidre velodiT.
axal ministrs sagareo uwyebaSi pativs scemdnen. ori
kaci gadagviyvana berlinidan: klaus Siutci – saxelmwifo
mdivnis rangSi, romelic praqtikul tvinad moiazreboda,
da me, rogorc dagegmvis Stabis ufrosi – Teoriuli tvi-
ni. Cven mxolod partiul jariskacebad ar gvTvlidnen.
awi gamoCndeboda, rogor moergeboda Cveni sameuli uwy-
ebis gundur suliskveTebas. qristian-demokratiuli par-
tiis Cvidmetwliani sistemuri sakadro politikis Semdeg,
dauSvebeli iqneboda `socialisturi gardaqmna~, romli-
sac yvelas eSinoda. am uwyebisTvis saTanadod momzade-
buli social-demokratebic ar Candnen. loialobasa da
Sedegze orientirebuli Cveneuli principi TandaTanobiT
cvlilebebs iTvaliswinebda. garda amisa, wmendis Catare-
ba da maRali rangis moxeleTa gadamowmeba, xom ar iyvnen
maT Soris nacional-socialisturi partiis wevrebi, ar
Seefereboda Serigebaze orientirebul mTavrobas. erTa-
derT gamonakliss warmoadgenda axali federaluri kan-
cleri.
upirvelesi fiqri, `TaflobisTveSi~ CamerWo sakuTa-
ri solebi, maSinve ukuvagde, realobas ar Seesabameboda.
sagareo uwyebamac ver aicila Tavidan mesame raixis dros
reJimis morCileba. kargad Tu daakvirdebodi, mixvdebo-
62
di, rom moxeleebi arsebiTad ar gansxvavdebodnen sxva
uwyebebSi dasaqmebulTagan, Tumca, TvalSi gxvdeboda
diplomatiuri samsaxuris gansakuTrebuli damRa, ro-
melsac sazRvargareT msaxureba ganapirobebda: xasiaTi,
niWi, oportunizmi, mokrZalebuloba da warmomavloba
unikalurad SeTviseboda erTmaneTs. omis Semdeg sagareo
samsaxuris aRmSenebloba iTvaliswinebda Serigebas da es
procesi globkes saxels atarebda. `yofilebis~ – ZiriTa-
dad nacisturi partiis wevrebis qseli – kvlav simtkiciT
gamoirCeoda.
erT-erT SefasebaSi, romelic 1966 wlis Sobis win
davuwere brandts, gamovyavi sami fena: `Zveli~ sagareo
uwyebis reaqtivirebuli personali, `axlebi~ – ZiriTadad
Spaieris diplomatiuri skolis kursdamTavrebulni da
`gareSeni~. meore jgufi mzad iyo TanamSromlobisTvis
da didi molodiniTac gamoirCeoda~. `gareSeTa~ jgufi
uaRresad heterogenuli – xalxi, romelic iseTi uuna-
ro aRmoCnda, verc ki mixvdnen, ratom ar unda daejil-
dovebinaT `qristian-demokratiuli partiisTvis gaweuli
kargi muSaobisTvis~ da sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo ratom
`daiCagrnen~.
swrafva, mTeli uwyeba samuSao reJimSi da integrire-
buli gyoloda, seleqciur sakadro politikas ver aitan-
da: `partiuli politikis niSniT Catarebuli mkacri saka-
dro wmenda qristian-demokratTa politikis ierSecvlili
gagrZeleba iqneboda~, vwerdi brandts. daskvnis saxiT
SeiZleboda Tqmuliyo, `umTavres ganmsazRvrel faqto-
rad gveqcia gulmodgined muSaoba~. zogierT `yofilTan~
TanamSromlobas gverds ver avuvlidiT. Cvens `megobrebs~,
cxadia, imedi gaucruvdaT. social-demokratiuli par-
tiidan gvakritikebdnen da moiTxovdnen, gansakuTrebiT
63
wagvexalisebina qristian-demokratTa politikiT daCag-
rulni da dagvewinaurebina unariani social-demokrate-
bi. magram brandts dasaxuli miznidan ar gadauxvevia:
integracia kvlav gamowvevad rCeboda. brandti mxolod
axali kabinetis Semrigeblur xasiaTs ki ar uwevda anga-
riSs, aramed misi qmedeba gamocdilebis da SorsmWvrete-
lobis gamoxatuleba aRmoCnda.
sagareo saqmeTa ministrs, postze samwliani yofnisas,
bevri saCivris Tu winadadebis ganxilva uxdeboda. am sa-
qmeSi kadrebis ganyofilebis ufrosi georg federeri
misi yvelaze mniSvnelovani mrCeveli da damxmare iyo, ara
mxolod imitom, rom Zveli uwyebidan `Cveni partieli~
gaxldaT, aramed igi yvelas icnobda, buzis spilosgan
garCeva icoda da erTgulebda ministrsac da uwyebasac.
Cvenma principebma gaamarTla. magaliTad, isev Sevxvdi
franc krapfs. Cveni SemTxveviTi nacnoboba matarebelSi
daiwyo, roca parizSi gavemgzavreT 1950 wels, Sumanis
gegmaze mosalaparakeblad. misTvis miuRebeli aRmoCn-
da, rom Cvens delegacias xelmZRvanelobda `sruliad
ucnobi profesori, gvarad halStaini~. im kriteriumebis
mixedviT, romlebic ioSka fiSerma SemoiRo sagareo sa-
qmeTa ministris rangSi, nacional-socialisturi partiis
wevrebi uwyebis JurnalSi oficialur nekrologebs aRar
imsaxurebdnen. franc krapfi erT-erTi pirveli aRmoCn-
da, visac es Seexo. ocdaSvidi wlisam daiwyo 1938 wels
sagareo uwyebaSi muSaoba da 1940 wlidan 1945 wlamde
tokioSi msaxurobda saelCoSi. 1947 wels, rodesac ga-
tarda nacizmisgan ganTavisuflebis procedura, mas `na-
cizmisgan Tavisufali~ piris statusi mieniWa, 1951 wels
axalSeqmnil sagareo uwyebaSi dabrunda da daubrkoleb-
lad miavlines jer parizSi da mere vaSingtonSi, 1966
64
wels tokioSi dainiSna elCad, 1971 wels ki briuselSi,
natoSi Cveni misiis xelmZRvaneloba daekisra.
rodesac hainrix albertci beno onezorgze ganxor-
cielebuli sasikvdilo gasrolis Semdeg mmarTveli me-
ris Tanamdebobidan gadadga, brandti iZulebuli gaxda
klaus Siutci mievlinebina berlinSi. axal saxelmwifo
mdivnad waradgines georg ferdinand dukvitci. am Zveli
saministros kacma, 1932 wlidan nacional-socialisturi
partiis wevrma, 1943 wels kopenhagenSi Cvens warmomad-
genlobaSi muSaobisas gaigo, rom ebraelebs deportacias
upirebdnen da hans hedtofts Seatyobina; es ukanaskne-
li, omis Semdeg, daniis premier-ministri gaxda. TiTqmis
yvela ebraelis gayvana da gadarCena moxerxda navebiT
SvedeTSi. dukvitci 1950 wels diplomatiur samsaxurSi
daabrunes. ra gasakviria, rom omis Semdeg, igi kopenhagen-
Si federaciuli respublikis sasurveli da pativcemuli
elCi gaxda.
Zvel uwyebaSi msaxurobda hans fon hervarTic. igi
1939 wlamde moskovSi, germaniis saelCoSi muSaobda da
ebraelma bebiam gadaarCina nacional-socialisturi par-
tiis wevrobas. axali saministros Camoyalibebisas pro-
tokolis Sefi gaxda, Semdeg elCi londonSi da Semdeg
federaluri prezidentis aparatis ufrosi. brandtma
igi ukve pensioneri daabruna da sagareo uwyebis refor-
mis SemuSaveba daavala. am gegmam bevri uwyebis protesti
gamoiwvia, gansakuTrebiT maTi, vinc sagareo politikas
gemo briuselSi evropuli uwyebis daarsebis wyalobiT
gaugo da axla sagareo saqmeebSi araTu monawileoba ewa-
daT, aramed gavlena. kizingeri amarTlebda metsaxels
`moxetiale uwyebaTaSorisi komiteti~, magram sagareo
saqmeTa ministrs dauTmo da Tavisi komisia Seaqmnevina
65
reformis gasatareblad. komisiis saboloo angariSi 1971
wels daido, xolo Sesabamis kanons 1990 wels eyara kenWi
yvela fraqciis monawileobiT. brandti, gardacvalebamde
ori wliT adre moeswro `Casaxuli Svilis~ dabadebas.
mmarTvel mers msoflioSi mogzaurobisas Cvens warmo-
madgenlobebSi namdvilad uzadod xvdebodnen da mxarSi
edgnen, Tumca, social-demokratebs ucxoeTSi arasodes
gadavyrivarT. es gamocdileba mis midgomas esadagebo-
da: vinc gadasaxlebaSi ukeTesi germaniisTvis ibrZoda,
ukan dabrunebuli SurisZiebas da angariSsworebas ver
iqadagebda. amitomac izruna, rom rodesac albert Spee-
ri 1966 wels Spandaus cixidan gamouSves, gamarjvebuli
Zalebis uwyebis procedura masze ar ganxorcielebuliyo.
Jurnalistma inge doiCkornma amis gamo social-demokra-
tiuli partiis wignaki Caabara da israelis moqalaqeoba-
ze Seitana gancxadeba.
mokled: brandti iqca integraciis mamad, ara warsu-
lis Sesalamazeblad an dasaviwyeblad, aramed Cveni sazo-
gadoebisTvis ukeTesi momavlis Sesaqmnelad. igi iyo pir-
veli social-demokrati, romelic 36 wlis Semdeg Sevida
germaniis mTavrobaSi; TanamSromlebTan pirveli Sexve-
drisTanave moiTxova germanuli warsuli xaziT gaemi-
jnaT; wina federaluri mTavrobis mowadinebac, germania
aRdgeniliyo 1937 wlamde arsebul sazRvrebSi, SeuZle-
blad miiCnia. omi rom damTavrdeba, mere mas iuridiuli
formulebiT veRar moigeb. man mSvidobisa da xalxTa So-
ris Tanxmobis survili Tavisi moRvaweobis miznad dai-
saxa. brandts ar daviwyebia uwyebis tradicia, raTenaus
da Strezemans eyrdnoboda da xSirad imowmebda bismarks,
romelic gmobda politikas – `yvelaferi an araferi~.
66
mis upirveles samoRvaweo xmas Semdgomma ministrebma
Seelma, genSerma, kinkelma da fiSerma variaciebi mouZeb-
nes. fiSeris pozicia gamorCeulia, igi gabedulad miudga
warsulis gadamuSavebis Temas da specialuri komisia Se-
qmna, romelmac Tavisi xuTwliani muSaobis Semdeg daad-
gina, rom SeuZlebeli iqneboda 1966 wels sagareo uwyebis
xlarTebSi adamianebis saTiTaod gamokvleva. sircxvilia,
rom samoci wlis ganmavlobaSi ar gaCenila sajaro inte-
resi Cveni saxelmwifo uwyebebis warsuli gamokvleuliyo.
mxolod 2010 wlis Semdeg Sebedes federalurma sainfor-
macio samsaxurma da zogierTma saministrom am amocanas,
romelic dResac mwvaved aRiqmeba.
67
dagegmvis StabSi
upirvelesi, rac gansakuTrebiT mZenda Tavdajerebulo-
bas: praqtikulad, me gavxdi saministroSi yvelaze infor-
mirebuli piri. StabSi igzavneboda Cveni warmomadgenlo-
bis yvela depeSa, zustad iseve, rogorc ministrTan da
saxelmwifo mdivnebTan, magram maT yvelafris wakiTxvis
dro ar hqondaT. Cemi TanamSromlebi arCevdnen im infor-
maciebs, romlebic me unda mcodnoda. brandti ki daime-
debuli iyo – Cemi codna mis codnas udrida. meamayeboda,
rom Cvens qveyanas aseTi aparati hyavda da imis fufune-
bac, rom gansjaSi fulic gadaexada.
Cemi winamorbedi giunter dili kancleris aparat-
Si gadavida da Stabis saukeTeso TanamSromlebic Tan
gaiyola. Sefma maTi Semcvlelebis SerCeva mTlianad me
mando. yvela maTgani saTanado kadri aRmoCnda. da dadga
droc, tutcingis monaxazi `gardaqmna daaxloebis gziT~
dasrulebul koncefciad meqcia. dilisgan viswavle, sa-
gangebo davalebaTa elCs sagareo politikaSi aqtiurobis
uflebac aqvso.
rac ar unda daujereblad gaismodes dRes: germa-
niis gaerTianebis koncefcia ar arsebobda. Cemma ke-
Tilmosurne da ganswavlulma winamorbedma jer kidev
68
1966 wlis martSi mirCia, Semoifargle ganmtkicebuli
poziciebis SenarCunebiTo; igi ver xedavda `halStainis
doqtrinaze~ uaris Tqmis aucileblobas. rodesac dageg-
mvis Stabs davavale, germaniis gaerTianebis koncefciaze
imuSaveT-meTqi, standartuli pasuxi miviRe, es oTxi ga-
marjvebuli Zalis konpetenciaao. amocana, gamarjvebu-
li Zalebis mudmivi moqmedebis uflebebis miuxedavad,
gagveanalizebina germaniis interesebi da gvefiqra war-
moudgenelze, kolegebs, albaT, iluziadac moeCvenaT da
momxibvleladac. brandtisTvis cnobili iyo axali orien-
taciis ambavi da iziareboda mas. SesaTanxmebeli aRarafe-
ri rCeboda.
Cven mier SemuSavebuli pirveli kvleva `evropis usa-
frTxoebis koncefciebi~ exeboda `germaniis usafrTxoe-
bis da germaniisgan usafrTxoebis~ sagareo politikur
winapirobebs. gamowvlilviT SeviswavleT yvela qveynis
interesi da alternativebi SevafaseT. vaRiareT, rom
gdr-is, rogorc saxelmwifos Tanamonawileoba evropis
nebismieri saxis usafrTxoebis sistemaSi da oderisa da
naises sazRvris aRiareba gardauvali iqneboda. dokumen-
ti 1968 wels warvudgineT brandts.
ufro mniSvnelovani gaxldaT meore kvleva – `mosaz-
rebebi momavali federaluri mTavrobis sagareo poli-
tikis Sesaxeb~, romelic ukavSirdeboda gdr-Tan Car-
Co-xelSekrulebis dadebis koncefcias. brandtma igi 1969
wlis 18 seqtembers naxa, maSasadame, bundestagis arCevne-
bamde aTi dRiT adre da vaSingtonisken mimavalma TviT-
mfrinavSi waikiTxa. man aRniSna: `arc ise cudia. imedia,
male dagvWirdeba~. arCevnebs imedianad vuyurebdiT, ma-
gram SedegSi darwmunebulni ar viyaviT. orive dokumenti
ganamtkicebda mosazrebebs, romelic mogvianebiT moskov-
69
Tan, praRasTan da aRmosavleT berlinTan dadebul or-
mxriv xelSekrulebebSi Sevida. orive maTgani gvikarnaxa
Cveni qveynis interesebma da varaudma, rom didi koalicia
gagrZeldeboda. brandtisgan, romelsac sZulda aRmate-
biT xarisxSi laparaki, SeniSvna `arc ise cudia~, did qe-
bas niSnavda. samarTlianadac Segvaqo, radgan safuZvliani
da sistemuri Sromis nayofi 1970 wels movimke moskovSi:
sagareo saqmeTa ministr gromikos arcerTi iseTi kiTxva
ar dausvams, romelzec dagegmvis Stabs nafiqri ar hqo-
noda, ase rom, yvelafers myisierad vupasuxe.
orive dokumenti Seicavda molodins, `rom gdr mo-
maval oTx weliwadSi xalxTaSoris samarTalSi garRvevas
miaRwevda. jer kidev 1962 wlis zafxulSi mivwere brandts
werili, romelSic wuxils gamovTqvamdi imis Taobaze, rom
`daiwyo ukanaskneli Tveebi, romelSic zonis de faqto
aRiareba raRacis momtania~. es tutcingamde erTi wliT
adre moxda! maSin man mipasuxa: `marTali xar, magram ra
SegviZlia gavakeToT?~ 1969 wlis Semodgomaze ukve cxadi
gaxda, rom mesame samyaros bevri qveyana, maT Soris, in-
doeTic, bonis mier diplomatiuri urTierTobebis gawy-
vetis muqaris miuxedavad, mzad iyvnen gdr xalxTaSorisi
samarTlis Sesabamisad eRiarebinaT. araRiarebis politi-
ka federaciul respublikas TviTizolaciis saSiSroebas
uqmnida, miTumetes, rom mekavSireebmac daiwyes daZabu-
lobis ganmuxtvis sakuTari RonisZiebebis gadaxedva.
Cven mier dagegmili `CarCo-xelSekruleba gdr-Tan~
bevr uwindel tabus amsxvrevda da mkafiod ayalibebda:
gdr SeZlebs xalxTaSorisi samarTlis srulfasovani su-
bieqti gaxdes; unda SenarCundes or germanul saxelmwifos
Soris gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba, kerZod is, rom
erTmaneTisTvis isini sazRvargareTs ki ar warmoadgenen,
70
aramed erTi eris or nawils. maT Soris, iseve, rogorc
yvela danarCen evropul saxelmwifos Soris sazRvari
unda eqvemdebarebodes Zalis argamoyenebis valdebule-
bas. aqamde mouwesrigebeli samoqalaqo mimosvla dasa-
vleT berlinsa da federaciul respublikas Soris unda
SeTanxmdes xelSekrulebiT. amiT unda daiwyos sabWoTa
kavSirTan urTierTobebis gaumjobeseba.
CarCo-xelSekrulebas mogvianebiT sabaziso xelSek-
ruleba ewoda. social-liberaluri mTavroba 1969 wels
xelisuflebaSi mosvlisTanave, ase martivad rom Se-
Tanxmda am xelSekrulebaze, imis damsaxureba gaxldaT,
rom, rogorc dagegmvis StabSi erTma Cemma TanamSromel-
ma gamando, igi, rogorc Tavisufali-liberalebis wevri,
Turme monawileobda gdr-Tan SesaZlo xelSekrulebis
Sesaxeb kvlevaSi, sadac gdr-is xalxTaSorisi samarTlis
Sesabamisad aRiarebac ki ganixileboda. Cveni mosazrebiT,
es SeuZlebeli iyo da Tavisufal-liberalebs es punqti
amovaRebineT. brandtma maSin eSmakurad Camikra Tvali
da miTxra, `xazs mihyevio~. saboloo jamSi, federalu-
ri kancleris, brandtis samTavrobo programis sagareo
politikuri nawili ise davwere, rom Seelma mxolod ga-
daikiTxa da SeniSvnebis gareSe moawera xeli. amdenad,
didi koaliciis wyalobiT, mis memkvidreebs imaze Tavis
mtvreva, rasac sxvebi aRmosavleTis politikas uwodebd-
nen, aRar dasWirvebiaT da SeeZloT saqmes Sesdgomodnen.
71
sinamdvile
axlaRa vxvdebi, rogor Rrmad CavyvinTe dagegmvis Sta-
bis uzarmazari samuSaos morevSi. `samocdarvawlianebis~
moZraoba da maT mier gamowveuli mRelvareba wesierad
arc aRmiqvams. kaliforniaSi axalgazrdobis gamoRviZebam
evropaSi gadmoinacvla da Cvenamdec moaRwia. gamoRviZe-
bis saerTaSoriso talRaSi germaneli axalgazrdobis mo-
nawileobiT gamowveuli sixaruli iyo erTaderTi gancda,
romelic didxans SemogvrCa.
natos saxelmwifoebis dagegmvis Stabebis xelmZRva-
nelebi `dagegmvis atlantikur jgufSi~ (aPag) vikribe-
bodiT. am instituciaSi gadawyvetilebebi ar miiReboda,
mxolod azrTa gacvla-gamocvla xdeboda araformalur
da megobrul viTarebaSi. adre, norvegiaSive ganvixileT
natos reformebis sakiTxi aSS-sa da evropis sabWoTa kav-
SirTan urTierTobebis WrilSi, dRemde aqtualuri Temaa
ruseTTan erTierToba. vaSingtonSi ganvamtkiceT Tavis-
Tavad cxadi mosazreba, rom strategiuli atomuri iara-
Ri mxolod ori super-saxelmwifos saqmed unda darCes da
rom substrategiuli sabWoTa saSualo manZilis raketebi
mxedvelobaSi ar unda migveRo. evropeli partniorebis
azri, gansakuTrebiT londonsa da parizSi, am SemTxveva-
Si gadamwyveti ar iyo, gindac maT rodesme moexerxebinaT
erTiani poziciis SemuSaveba. es kargad maxsovda, rode-
72
sac ramdenime wlis Semdeg natos ormagi gadawyvetilebis
sakiTxze vmsjelobdiT.
sadac ar Cavidoda sagareo saqmeTa ministri brandti,
yvelgan iaponias, CineTsa da amerikas Soris, Zalaufle-
bis, gavlenisa da interesebis kategoriebiT azrovnebd-
nen. saudis arabeTs dasavleTs miakuTvnebdnen, Tumca iq
demokratia ar iyo. mTavrobebs uyvarT demokratiaze da
adamianis uflebebze saubari, magram maT azrovnebas Za-
lauflebis politika da geostrategia gansazRvravs. Ta-
vis motyuebas azri ar aqvs.
Cveni `geostrategiuli rolis~ Sesaxeb 1968 wlis oq-
tomberSi niu iorkSi ufaso gakveTili Cagvitares. germa-
niis presis saagentos korespondentma baraTi momawoda:
sabWoTa kavSiris presis oficerma miTxra: `if Mr. Brandt wants to talk to Mr. gromyko, the answer will be positive~.1 ra-
sakvirvelia, brandts surda. sagareo saqmeTa ministrebis
pirveli megobruli Sexvedra sityvier saCuqars gvimzadeb-
da: – sabWoTa mTavroba atomuri iaraRis gauvrceleblo-
bis xelSekrulebas mxolod maSin gaukeTebs ratificire-
bas, rodesac mas federaluri mTavrobac moawers xelso.
am informaciam brandti ise gaaxalisa, rom ixumra: `Za-
lian mainteresebs, Cemi mTavroba am ambavs arCevnebamde
Tu Sematyobinebs~. qdk/qsk gaerTianeba xelmoweraze jer
kidev davobda.
sagangebo davalebaTa elCis rangSi pirveli davale-
ba jer kidev 1967 wels Sevasrule. albaneTis garda,
Cexoslovakia iyo erTaderTi evropuli qveyana, sadac
diplomatiuri warmomadgenloba ar gvqonda. SevTanxmdiT
1 (ingl.) Tu baton brandts surs baton gromikosTan saubari, pa-suxi dadebiTi iqneba.
73
generaluri sakonsuloebis gaxsnaze, romelTac diploma-
tiuri uflebamosileba eqnebodaT da praqtikulad ber-
linic CaerTveboda. sakonsuloebi unda `migveba~ sagareo
vaWrobis saministroebze da ara sagareo saqmeTa saminis-
troze, sadac vizis sakiTxi praqtikulad unda gadawyve-
tiliyo. Sveiki am saqmes ukeTesad ver moagvarebda. Semdeg
buqarestSi gavfrindi da iq brandts Sevxvdi, romelmac,
CauSeskusTan erTad, beWedi dausva diplomatiuri ur-
TierTobebis damyarebas. Semdeg ki Savi zRvis sanapiroze
pompezur sasaxleSi aRmovCndiT, aseTive pompezuri iyo
misi mbrZanebelic, romelic Tavis sagareo saqmeTa mi-
nistrs xelze mosamsaxuresaviT daarbeninebda aqeT-iqiT.
1968 wlis aprilSi wina wlis partniorma praRis ga-
zafxulis da aleqsander dubCekis gasaocari avtorite-
tis Sesaxeb mamcno. SevTanxmdiT, rom sasurvel garemoSi
SevxvedrodiT da miunxenis 1938 wlis xelSekrulebaze
gvemsjela. axali xelSekruleba ise unda Camogveyali-
bebina, rom Cexebi da germanelebi, agreTve, samSoblo-
dan gaZevebuli sudetis germanelebic kmayofilni dar-
Ceniliyvnen da pretenzia ar gamoeTqvaT. Cemma marTlac
sapativcemulo partniorma damSvidobebisas SveikiviT Ca-
milaparaka: `mgels saxravi unda gadaugdo, magram Txa ar
unda SeaWmevinoo~.
agvistos Sua ricxvebSi bonSi Cexoslovakiidan pata-
ra delegacia Camovida. praRidan mosuli ambebi ise Se-
maSfoTebuli iyo, rom wuxili gamovxate, dubCeki xom
namdvilad flobs situacias-meTqi. pasuxi, Cven rusebis
ukeT gvesmis, vidre Tqveno, Cveni molaparakebebis swraf
progress Seesabameboda, meore dRes ukve saocar Sedegs
velodiT. es iyo im Rames, rodesac varSavis xelSekrule-
bis saxelmwifoebi CexoslovakiaSi SeiWren. meore dilas,
74
21 agvistos, delegacia acremlebuli dagvemSvidoba da
brandts imisTvis gadauxada madloba, ris gakeTebasac
Cven vapirebdiT.
federalurma kanclerma kizingerma Tqva: `gagvimarT-
la, rom praRis ambavi erTi wlis win davasruleT. axla
amas kidev didxans ver SevZlebdiTo~. garda amisa, gadawy-
vita, rom federalur mTavrobas ucvlelad gaegrZele-
bina daZabulobis ganmuxtvis kursi. uZnelesi amocana,
arc mwvadi dagvewva da arc Samfuri, mxolod xuTi wlis
Tavze gadaiWra, moskovTan, varSavasTan da gdr-Tan saba-
ziso xelSekrulebebi gaformda. miunxenis xelSekruleba
baTilad gamocxadda da mas Cexoslovakiis mxridan sa-
marTlebrivi xasiaTis moTxovnebi ar gamouwvevia.
Semdeg gavfrindi budapeStSi; presas amis Sesaxeb ar
Seutyvia. iq im komunisturi partiis sagareo politikur
mdivans Sevxvdi, romelmac 1956 wels sabWoTa jarebis
mxardamxar CaaxSo winaaRmdegoba. misi saxelia gila hor-
ni. davarwmune, rom ungreTi, rogorc `socialisturi
banakis~ yvelaze patara qveyana, sxvebze ufro gabedu-
li unda yofiliyo. dRes Cven megobrebi varT. sagareo
saqmeTa ministri rom gaxda, Tavis avstriel kolegas-
Tan, aloiz mokTan erTad 1989 wlis zafxulSi gadaWra
`rkinis fardis~ mavTulxlarTebi, Semdeg me Semcvala
SvedeTis mSvidobis kvlevis institutis (SiPri) gamgeoba-
Si, stokholmSi, xolo bolos, 1990 wels aaxenis karlos
didis priziT daajildoves.
1968 wlis Semodgomaze JenevaSi birTvuli iaraRis
armqone saxelmwifoebis didi konferencia Catarda.
brandts surda, federaluri republikisTvis strategiu-
li pozicia ganemtkicebina atomuri teqnikis mSvidobiani
gamoyenebis mniSvnelovani potenciis gamo. fasi, romlis
75
gadaxdasac am makoordinerebeli rolisTvis vapireb-
diT unda yofiliyo anonsi, rom boni gauvrceleblobis
xelSekrulebas xels moawerda, rac SigniT ukve gadawyve-
tili gaxldaT. brandtis reaqciis mowme gavxdi, rodesac
kizingerma faqsi gamougzavna miTiTebiT, Cemi gamosvli-
dan Sesabamisi adgili amoiReo. brandti afeTqda: `rogor
vkadreb sakuTar Tavs, am nacistisgan miviRo miTiTebebi~.
yvelas didi Zalisxmeva dagvWirda, rom Segvekavebina, ma-
Sinve apirebda gadadgomas. bolos daeTanxma arguments,
romelic me moviSvelie: mosaxleoba am mizeziT gadadgo-
mas ver gaigebs bundestagis arCevnebamde Tormeti TviT
adre-meTqi. am SemTxvevam ganumtkica azri: `erTi xmiT
metic rom mqondes, vecdebi gavxde kancleri~. misi Ta-
vdapirveli ganwyoba, rom didi koalicia politikurad
arabunebrivi warmonaqmni iyo, ar ganelebula.
brandts erTi suli hqonda, rodis dasruldeboda
didi koalicia. veneri da Smidti did koaliciaSi Tavs
masze bevrad ukeT grZnobdnen. ormoci wlis Semdegac ki
amtkicebda zogierTi, maSin didi koaliciis gagrZeleba,
rogorc alternativa, arsebobdao. me mimaCnia, rom: am
SemTxvevaSi ar iarsebebda ganmuxtvis politika da, Se-
saZloa, arc germania gaerTianebuliyo.
1969 wlis martSi gustav hainemani mesame turSi air-
Cies federalur prezidentad Tavisufali demokrate-
bis xmebiT. es faqti, zogadad, xelisuflebis cvlilebis
uvertiurad aRiqmeboda, magram mTlad darwmunebulic
ver viqnebodiT. erTi xeli banqo rom viTamaSeT, `Cemma~
saxelmwifos meTaurma gamafrTxila, Seni viski stumarTa
wignSi Seitaneo, am wigns `federaluri sagadasaxedo inspe-
qciisTvis warsadgen gamaspinZlebis sabuTs~ uwodebda. `ra
cudia, rom vili banqos ar TamaSobs. gadaeci, yvelaze didi
76
fraqciis wevrs ki ar warvadgen federalur kanclerad,
aramed imas, vinc umravlesobas moipovebs. federaluri
prezidenti imisTvis ki ar var, parlamentSi uari miviRoo~.
sagareo uwyebaSi muSaobam mniSvnlovani codna SemZina.
sagareo uwyeba ar qmnis sagareo politikas, igi mxolod
axorcielebs mas. da es saqme kargidan Cinebulamde ahyavs
xelmZRvanelobis miTiTebebis mixedviT, gindac es mi-
TiTebebi araswori iyos sakuTari interpretaciiT, Tuki
axali miTiTebebi ar arsebobs.
rogorc wesi, sxvadasxva xarisxis daZabuloba sagareo
saqmeTa saministrosa da federaluri kancleris aparats
Soris sul aris. erTni Tavs grZnoben germaniis sagareo
interesebis kargad informirebul mcvelebad, meoreni
ki Sehyureben Sida politikuri Zalauflebis wyaros da
fundaments – arCevnebs. `direqtorTa wreSi~, rogorc
xelmZRvaneli TanamSromlebis yoveldRiur Sekrebas
uwodebdnen, xSirad mesmoda mouridebeli gineba kanc-
leris aparatis wvrilfexobis mimarT, romlebic Tavs
uflebas aZlevdnen, miTiTebebi gaecaT. sagareo uwyebis
maRali rangis moxeleebi, romlebic kancleris aparatSi
gadaiyvanes samuSaod, miyvebodnen, mxolod iq mivxvdiT,
rom mTavrobis saTaveSi mdgar erT adamianSi iyris Tavs
saSinao, partiuli da piradi interesebic kio. es aris de-
mokratiis fasi. magram Tuki kancleri Zalauflebis Se-
narCunebas gamoacxadebs prioritetad, misi mizani legi-
timuri ki iqneba, magram qveynisTvis saziano aRmoCndeba.
saxelmwifo mdivanma dukvitcma, romelic `dilis wir-
vas~ uZRveboda, rogorc direqtorebis Sekrebas veZaxdiT,
(bonSi!) gadmomca feradi liTografia berlinis xediT da
ase damemSvidoba: `Tqven, rogorc Cveni uwyebis sando we-
vri, gadaxvalT mtruli xazis iqiT samuSaod~.
77
naxtomi mwvervalze
kviras, 1969 wlis 28 seqtembers wina dReebis facifuci
Cacxra. risi gakeTebac SeiZleboda, davasruleT. mSvi-
dad var da vilis venusbergze vxvdebi – iq mdebareobda
sagareo saqmeTa ministris samsaxureobrivi vila – marto
seirnobs, SemarTulia, seriozuli, xalisiani, imedaRsa-
vse, ukeTesis momlodine. marTalia, saubrisas paTetikas
veridebiT, magram sakuTari xma mesmis: `Tu saqme saqmeze
midgeba, istoriis erT-erTi figura ki aRar iqnebi, ara-
med istoriis Semqmneli. amas veRar Secvli, yoveli dRe
mniSvnelovani iqneba. gadawyvetilebebis miReba mogiwevs
da imis dacva, rac sworad migaCnia da Sesabamisad, ise-
Ti Zlieri pozicia geqneba partiaSi, rogorc arasdros~.
usityvod gadioda wuTebi. xangZlivi dumili siarulisas
ufro SeumCnevelia, vidre jdomisas. Semdeg Camoayaliba
kabinetisa da fraqciis personaluri Semadgenlobis Se-
saxeb xedva da mkiTxa, Sen ras isurvebdio. vupasuxe, di-
dad arc axla mainteresebs tituli, mxolod iseTi posti
minda, romlis saSualebiTac Cvens sagareo politikaSi
moRvaweobas SevZleb-meTqi. mTxova, Seelis telefonis
nomeri gamigeo. saubarisas Tavisufali demokratebis
78
lideri ise aRar omaxianobda, rogorc, ramdenime dRis
winaT, televiziiT gamosvlisas.
partiis ofisSi Semosuli pirvelive Sedegi Tavzardam-
cemi aRmoCnda. 47 procenti – qristian-demokratiul
partias, 40 procenti – social-demokratiul partias.
dilas naTqvami maxsendeba: Tavi gavimasxaraveT. vili
ganmartoebas amjobinebs da aravis naxva ar surs. arc ki
vici, ra vuTxra. dambladacemuliviT var. yvelaze erT-
guli megobaric ki uZluria aseT momentSi. ara mxolod
obieqturad, subieqturadac vili Tu SeZlebda aseT eg-
zistencialur momentSi sakuTari politikuri cxovrebis
bedi gadaewyvita. dasabuTebuli, saqmiani poziciis Camo-
sayalibeblad meti dro mWirdeba, vidre vilis rCeboda.
Tavisi siZliere da gamWriaxoba axla unda gamoeCina. me
amdens ver gavuZlebdi. is gancdebi arasodes damaviwyde-
ba. msgavsi momenti aRarasdros dagvdgomia.
imRamindeli Tavyriloba dRevandeliviT maxsovs. so-
cial-demokratiuli partiis elita Sekrebiliyo – dar-
baiseli, gamocdili, Zalauflebis fasis mcodne, Wkvia-
ni adamianebi. zogierTi maTgani darwmunebuli iyo, rom
kanclerobas SeZlebda, bevrs didi koaliciis gagrZeleba
ewada kancler kizingeris xelmZRvanelobiT. SemaSfoTa
imis warmodgenam, rom ganmuxtvisa da aRmosavleTis Cve-
neuli politika TamaSad SeiZleboda darCeniliyo.
da Semdeg, rodesac televiziiT gamarjvebaSi darwmu-
nebuli kizingeri da aRtacebuli barceli aCvenes da niq-
sonis milocvac gaaxmaures, gamovida brandti, gadamwyve-
ti satelefono saubari ukve dasrulebuliyo SeelTan, da
ganacxada, rom Zalauflebaze hqonda pretenzia da yvela
daemorCila qarizmatul liders. cieb-cxelebis Semdeg
79
sixarulma daisadgura, yvela erTmaneTs ise exveoda,
TiTqos sxvanairi Sedegi arc SeiZleboda damdgariyo.
federaluri kancleris kabinetSi masTan marto darCe-
nilma moridebulad mivuloce: `aTwliani TanamSromlo-
bis Semdeg gavicani iseTi vili brandti, rogoris naxvac
bevrjer minatria~. araferi upasuxia. ise Cveulebrivad
ganaxlda TanamSromloba, TiTqos araferi momxdariyos.
me mas vawvdi situaciis analizs, rogorsac amerikaSi `Pre-sident elect~-s umzadeben. federalur respublikaSi amis
gamocdileba raxan ar gagvaCnda, Sevaxsene: `momaval or
kviraSi mogiwevs gaukvalav Tovlze siaruli. amerikis
mTeli gamocdileba erTmniSvnelovnad miuTiTebs, rom am
periodSi momavali meTauris nebismieri sajaro gamosvla
nebismier sakiTxze raRac mniSvnelovans Seicavdes~. gar-
da amisa, vurCie, – kizingers miswere da SeuTvale, `Tavi
SvebulebaSi gasulad igrZeni-Tqo!~.
Semdeg sxva mTavrobebis meTaurebisTvis unda mog-
vemzadebina werilebi, maTTvis, vinc ukve mogviloca,
maT Soris, ssrks-s ministrTa sabWos TavmjdomarisT-
vis, `kolega kosiginisTvis~, rogorc waixumrebda xolme
brandti. mas uTvlida `Cvens qveynebs Soris urTierTobe-
bis gaumjobesebis mizniT Sexvedrisa da azrTa gacvla-ga-
mocvlis mzaobas~.
meore dRes vurekav niqsonis mrCevels usafrTxoe-
bis sakiTxebSi, henri kisinjers. ramdenjerme moibodiSa,
sainformacio cnobebs daveyrdeniT da gvegona, kizin-
geri isev airCieso. arc prezidents da arc administra-
cias preferencia ar gaaCniao. brandtis mTavrobasTan
muSaobas mivesalmebiTo. me vuioleb, rac iyo, davivi-
wyoT-meTqi. kisinjeri mamcnobs, oficialurad dagpati-
Jeb sagareo saqmeTa saministros meSveobiT vaSingtonSio.
80
brandti xalisobs. araferi uWirs super-saxelmwifos,
cota Sefucxundeso.
axal federalur kanclersac federaluri sasazR-
vro dacvis samsaxuri icavs da ara jari. misi orkestri
misalmebis prusiuli marSis Semdeg berlinur simReras
asrulebs. sanam brandti samxedro formirebas Cauvlis,
welgamarTuli da gaqvavebuli saxiT, vgrZnob, ar vcde-
bodi, roca vfiqrobdi, rom sagareo saqmeTa saministros
gareSe pirdapir Sionebergis ratuSidan pale SaumburgSi
naxtomi ar gamovidoda.
verafers dauwuneb adenaueris aparatis ufrosis,
hans globkes kabinets, sadac awi momiwevs muSaoba. mi-
saRebisTvis calke Sesasvleli, samdivnos gverdis avliT;
sakuTari sapirfareSo, satelefono xazi kanclerTan,
romliTac momavalSi is ufro xSirad isargeblebs, vidre
– me, calke satelefono sistema ministrebTan da erTic
Cveulebrivi aparati. moltkes lenbaxis mier Sesrule-
buli naxati mTel sivrces ikavebs. personali angariSs
miwevs da mekiTxeba, sxvas xom ar amjobinebTo? mtkiced
vpasuxob: `rasakvirvelia, ara~. zedmetad xmauriani miTq-
ma-moTqma `did mdumares~ sazianod miaCnda, demokratia-
Si, miTumetes. arc brandtma isurva raime Seecvala kanc-
leris kabinetSi. igi dajda adenaueris sawer magidasTan,
da yvelaferi xeluxleblad daatovebina, naxatebis CaT-
vliT. urCevnia tradiciis ganmgrZobad aRiqvan.
81
dasawyisi vaSingtonSi
swrafi mipatiJebis wyalobiT, samTavrobo programis war-
dgenamde kisinjerma miiRo axali koaliciis aRmosavle-
Tis politikis Ria da vrceli daxasiaTeba. uaRresad
saintereso sacdeli garbeni iyo, radgan mxardaWeris
ga reSe, amerikelebis Cumi Tanxmobis gareSe mainc, poli-
tikuri kursis Secvla saTuo iyo da did risks gviqadda.
ver warmomedgina, niqsonis mrCeveli usafrTxoebis sa-
kiTxebSi TeTri saxlis sardafis erT patara oTaxSi Tu
damxvdeboda. henrim undoblad Sexeda Cvens gamowvevas da
bevri kiTxva damisva. gansakuTrebiT dainteresda, sworad
afasebdnen Tu ara axali xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi
dasaxuli gegmebis ganzomilebas. asea Tu ise, yoveldRe
ar xdeboda, rom germanelebs, rusebTan erTad, maT Soris
mdebare qveynebis gverdis avliT daewyoT molaparakebebi.
rodesac kiTxvebs bolo aRar uCanda, Sevagebe, konsulta-
ciisTvis ki ar movsulvar, ambis mosayolad movedi, Cven
am gegmebs upirobod ganvaxorcielebT-meTqi. es axlebu-
rad laparaks niSnavda.
brandts rom berlinis krizisis dros ndoba ar moepo-
vebina, sabWoTa kavSirs rom ar scodnoda, rom aSS Cvenze
Tvalyuris devnas ar moiSlida, kisinjeri ar gamandobda,
rom mas kremlTan, sagareo saqmeTa saministros gverdiT
82
avliT, hqonda saidumlo sakomunikacio arxi da arc imas
SemomTavazebda, mzad var, pale SaumburgTanac gavWra ase-
Tive pirdapiri arxio. mis winadadebas maSinve daveTanxme.
ukeTess verafers vinatrebdi. erTmaneTs gavakontroleb-
diT da undoblobas aRmovfxravdiT. me mas brandtis mier
kosiginisTvis miwerili werilis Sesaxeb vuambe, aRvniSne
isic, pasuxi werilze jer rom ar gvqonda. gamomSvidobi-
sas ki miTxra: `Tqveni warmateba Cveni warmateba iqneba~.
brandts aRtacebulma vuambe, man SvebiT amoisunTqa da
manamde gaumetebeli fraziT Semaqo: `Zalian kargi~. ki-
sinjers dRemde vemadlierebi. mis gareSe ganmuxtvis po-
litika ar ganxorcieldeboda.
federaciis axali rwmunebulis rangSi gavfrindi
berlinSi, sadac yvela saministros hqonda warmomad-
genloba, aRmovaCine, rom berlinSi meti TanamSromeli
gvyavda, vidre bonSi, davaTvaliere Cemi `rezidencia~
piuklerStraseze, sadac, adenaueris msgavsad, axla
brandtsac SeeZlo Ramis gaTeva. Tanac, es Senoba arasaja-
ro saubrebisTvisac xelsayreli iqneboda, gansakuTre-
biT, amerikis elCTan da mis sabWoTa kolegasTan Sesaxve-
drad gamodgeboda, miuxedavad imisa, rom am ukanasknels
berlinSi rwmunebebi ar gaaCnda. germaniis gaerTianebis
Semdeg es vila federaluri prezidentis rezidenciad
iqca.
bonSi miviRe israelis elCi azher ben-naTani, kurd
iurgensis umcros Zmas hgavda aRnagobiT, Tvalisa da
Tmis feriT. arCevnebSi gamarjveba mogviloca da aRniSna,
awi yvelaferi ufro iolad mogvardebao. SevewinaaRmde-
ge: ufro Zneli iqneba-meTqi, radgan axla aq sxedan ada-
mianebi, romelTac maTi warsulis gamo ver daaSantaJeb,
isini Tavs gaTavisuflebulad grZnoben da ara damarcxe-
83
bulad-meTqi. am mkveTri sityvebis bazaze kargi TanamS-
romloba ganmtkicda.
amasobaSi sagareo saqmeTa axalma ministrma Seelma
Tanxmoba ganacxada, gvemsjela jer kidev didi koaliciis
mimarT sabWoTa kavSiris SeTavazebul winadadebaze Zalis
argamoyenebis Sesaxeb. paul frankisgan, sagareo saqmeTa
saministros momavali saxelmwifo mdivnisgan vicodi, rom
mniSvnelovani misiebis win jobs Tavad Camowero mimar-
Tulebebi, raTa Tavidan airido Seusrulebeli moTxovne-
bi. me es sagulisxmo rCeva aRar damWirvebia; Seels mimar-
Tulebebis gansazRvra zedmetad miaCnda, mainc yvelaferi
zepirad icio. ase rom, brandtma da Seelma damavales,
instruqciebis gareSe mosinje gromikosTan, ganxorcie-
lebis rogori Sansi aqvs axali federaluri mTavrobis
koncefciaso.
moskovSi Cems gamgzavrebas uvertiura uZRoda. ar min-
doda, magram mTavrobis spikeris konrad alersis daJine-
buli Txovnis gamo davTanxmdi sabWoTa JurnalistTan
Sexvedraze. Sobis wina Rames, saweri magida rom mivalage,
maSin Sedga is Sexvedra. gavicani valeri lednevi, warmo-
sadegi, meloti kaci, Tavidan ubralo kiTxvebi damisva,
mere ki erT wamSi momnusxa, radgan brandtis mier ko-
siginisTvis miwerili werilis frazebi moixmo. mTavari,
rac miTxra: sabWoTa mxare mzad aris daxurul kars miR-
ma azrTa gacvla-gamocvlisTvis. politbiuros mxolod
xuTma wevrma icis Cemi davalebis Sesaxebo. bonSi sabWoTa
saelCo saqmis kursSi ar ariso. madloba gadavuxade da
vamcne, ianvris bolos moskovSi Camoval-meTqi. aRmiTqva,
SevxvdeT aseTive viTarebaSio.
saSobao naZvisxis morTvis dro sadRa rCeboda. brandts
davureke. madloba gadamixada (rac iSviaTad xdeboda) am
84
mSvenieri saSobao saCuqrisTvis da Cveni arxis saSuale-
biT kisinjersac Seatyobina. awi aRar gvadardebda, ras
upasuxebda hainemani ulbrixts. am ukanasknalma federa-
lur prezidents, imisaTvis, rom brandtis samTavrobo
gancxadebaze mietana ieriSi, xelSekrulebis iseTi SeTa-
vazeba gaugzavna, romelze saubaric warmoudgeneli iyo
da amitom upasuxod darCa. ulbrixti moskovTan Cvens
kontaqts veRar CaSlida.
1970 wlis 14 ianvars, moskovSi Cems gamgzavrebamde ori
kviriT adre, brandtma waradgina Tavisi pirveli moxsene-
ba qveyanaSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. masSi man Za-
lis argamoyenebis valdebuleba gamoacxada `aRmosavleT
evropis qveynebTan dRes arsebuli politikuri sakiTxe-
bis mogvarebis fundamentad~, radgan `imedi ar arsebobs,
rom germaneli eri, rogorc erTi mTliani, uaxloes xanSi
SeZlebs samSvidobo xelSekrulebis dadebas~. sxva sityve-
biT: Cvens koncefcias ganusazRvreli vadiT da yovlis-
momcvelad unda moegvarebina urTierTobebi aRmosavleT
evropasTan, sanam es samSvidobo xelSekrulebiT iqneboda
SesaZlebeli. maSin federaciul respublikaSi es didad
salaparako ar gamxdara, gansxvavebiT sabWoTa kavSiris-
gan, sadac, darwmunebuli var, es sakiTxi safuZvlianad
Seiswavles. garda amisa, amasobaSi federalurma mTavro-
bam gauvrceleblobis xelSekrulebas moawera xeli, ra-
mac, albaT, gromikos, niu iorkSi brandtTan Sexvedra
gaaxsena.
85
mesame nawili –
triumfi da tragedia
moskovSi
elCi helmut alardti aRfrTovanebiT ar Semxvedria, ga-
sagebia, Tavze daasves kaci, romelic pirvelad iyo mos-
kovSi. saubari usiamovnod daiwyo. man Seuracxyofad mii-
Ro, rom sagareo saqmeTa saministros protokolis erTi
dabali rangis TanamSromeli gamouSves CvenTan Sesaxve-
drad. magram me Tavad vwyvetdi, rodis megrZno Tavi ara-
saTanadod dafasebulad.
alardtma iukadrisa Cemi Catanili Celos yuTisTvis
moekida xeli, egona, aseTi TvalSi mosaxvedri saCuqari
mxolod delegaciis xelmZRvanels mouvidoda TavSio. am
dros, Celos yuTi, Cemi sastumros nomerSi rom mivita-
neT, aRmoCnda sagareo uwyebis samarTlebrivi ganyofile-
bis ufrosis, batoni fon treskovis saCuqari: viskiTa da
Sesabamisi WiqebiT aRWurvili namdvili bari.
sanam germaniis televiziisTvis mcire komentars vake-
Tebdi, zurgsukan gadaWdobil xelebSi patara baraTi
Ca mi des, lednevi mwerda, sastumroSi dagirekavo. Cveni
de legacia sastumro `ukrainis~ ocdamerve sarTulze
cxov robda. acimcimebuli qalaqis STambeWdavi xedi krem-
lis oqros gumbaTebamde swvdeboda. am qveynis ramde-
ni mkvda ri da cocxali moqalaqis bedi gadauwyvetiaT
am qa laq Si! rogori grZnobiT davtovebdi mas, es azri
86
namdvilad mTrgunavda. mxolod mogvianebiT mivxvdi, ras
gulisxmobda hainrix abertci Tavis memuarebSi am Cems vi-
zitze: `brandtis xeldasmiT, magram mainc marto gaeSura
oficialuri politikis frontze~.
lednevi gamoCnda. sastumros restornis centrSi pa-
tara magidisken wamiZRva da miTxra: `arasodes airCio ma-
gida kuTeSi an svetebTan. ismineba~. es mxolod erT rames
cxadyofda: igi kgb-dan ar iyo. leom, rogorc male ga-
vuSinaurdiT, miTxra, saelCos xval SevatyobinebT, rom
zeg gromiko Segxvdebao. Turme, leos aRafrTovanebda
germanuli literatura, sjeroda, rom Cvens qveynebs So-
ris axali urTierTobis CamoyalibebaSi Seitanda wvlils
– sando, naTeli da erTguli adamiani aRmoCnda.
ministri, rogorc vaSingtonSi, aseve moskovSic sa-
gareo saqmeTa saministros meSvide sarTulze ijda. ma-
gidas orTave mxares rvani Semosxdomodnen. gromiko
bolos Semovida da ise momesalma, rogorc nacnobs niu
iorkidan. sityva me damiTmo, es Tavazianoba masac uqmni-
da xelsayrel mdgomareobas. mxolod ramdenime Canawerze
dayrdnobiT, zepirad vilaparake Cven mier dagegmili aR-
mosavleTis politikis zogad koncefciaze. saerTo unda
gamogveZebna, Tu ndobis Camoyalibeba gvindoda. Cveni
saelCos warmomadgenlebi, rusebis msgavsad, gamalebiT
iwerdnen saubars, maTac pirvelad esmodaT es sityvebi.
naxevari saaTis Semdeg gromikomac imave xangrZlivobiT
ilaparaka da gaukvirda, myisierad rom vupasuxe kri-
tikul kiTxvebze. diskusiam sam saaTs gastana.
leos komentari: gromiko breJnevs eqvsi saaTis gan-
mavlobaSi abarebda angariSs. awi ra moxdeboda, jer ga-
dawyvetili ar hqondaT. perspeqtivebi jer kidev bun-
dovani Canda. mkiTxa, xom ar isurveb profesori giorgi
87
arbatovi gagacno, amerika-kanadis institutis direqto-
rio. rasakvirvelia, Tanxmoba ganvucxade. mxolod oci
wlis mere gamimxila arbatovma, kgb-s maSindelma Sefma
iuri andropovma damavala, kbili mousinjeo. igive iTq-
moda oficialuri Sexvedrebis donezec. meore Sexvedri-
sas gromikos gverdze vladimir semionovi ijda, yofi-
li umaRlesi komisari germaniaSi. man bonis saxelmwifo
mdivnis Sefasebisas valentin falinis mosazrebebi gana-
vrco, falini kerketi kakali gaxldaT, germaniis sakiTxi
mas ebara, Tumca germaniaSi namyofic ar iyo. isev sami
saaTi visaubreT; es dro iqca kviraSi orjer Cveni Sexve-
drebis formatad. uceb lafsusi aRmovuCine: gromikom
araferi icoda gaeros qartiis 53-e da 107-e muxlebis
germaniaze gavlenis Sesaxeb. ar mindoda Semercxvina da
taqtianad Sevuswore, Tan sayovelTaod cnobili mexsie-
reba Sevuqe. semionovma da falinma kmayofilebiT Cai-
cines, gromikom ki, rogorc WeSmarit profesionalebs
sCveviaT, koreqtura maSinve gaiTavisa. mivxvdi, ras niS-
navs Sinagani simSvide.
leom `slava~ gamacno. mxarbeWiani, tansruli, didmuq-
Tvaleba kaci, xels mogatexda, iseTi misalmeba icoda. ra
gvari iyo, dRemde ar vici. is uZRveboda Sexvedras, maSa-
sadame, ufrosi iyo, mere brandtTan gamovTqvi varaudi,
albaT orive generaluri mdivnis aparatidanaa, yovel
SemTxvevaSi, gromikoze zemdgomni arian-meTqi. visadileT
JurnalistTa klubSi, sadac adre gorki qeifobda xolme;
slavam aRniSna, valeris naTqvami ise gavige, TiTqos kosi-
ginTan saubris survili gamogeTqvaTo. niu iorkSi miRe-
buli gamocdilebis wyalobiT maSinve mivuge: sworad gai-
geT-Tqo. `maSin vecdebiT SegaxvedroT~, Semageba pasuxad.
88
saRamos, seirnobisas, slavam da leom komplimentebiT
amavses: – sami saaTi bWobda politbiuro, unda mieRe Tu
ara kosiginso. aTwleulebis Semdeg pirvelad iTaTbires
seriozulad germaniis sakiTxzeo. meore dilas saelCo-
Si aravis gasCenia kiTxva, ras niSnavda kosiginis miwveva.
naSuadRevs leom moulodneli dabrkolebis Sesaxeb Se-
matyobina: `wverianma kacma darekao~. isteriuli reaqcia
hqonia ulbrixts, roca gaugia, kosigins Cemi naxva rom
undoda. `wkipze idga es ambavi, magram Sexvedra Sedgebao~.
SeiZleba sabWoTa mxare SeSfoTda, radgan bonidan
CemTvis mocemuli veranairi miTiTeba ver moismines, ver
gaSifres da ver aRmoaCines, am dros me marTla vnerviu-
lobdi: aranairi gamoxmaureba ar mohyolia Cvens mra-
valricxovan moxsenebebs, arc SekiTxva, arc miniSneba, arc
rCeva. amitomac metad damainteresa ambavma, rom indoeT-
Si mimavali Seelis TviTmfrinavi moskovSi dajdeboda.
sabWoTa diplomatebis erTi jgufi, semionovis xelmZRva-
nelobiT, germaniis sagareo saqmeTa ministrs uxvi sauz-
miT gaumaspinZlda. semionovma gankarguleba gasca, – `air
indias~ TviTmfrinavi manam dayovndeba, sanam stumari
sauzmobso. Zalauflebis saintereso demonstracia iyo.
Cems Sewuxebul kiTxvaze Seelma mSvidad mipasuxa: `sanam
Cvengan dumilia, yvelaferi wesrigSia. gaagrZeleT, rasac
akeTebT~. Rame Tvali ver movxuWe, kosiginTan Sesaxve-
drad vemzadebodi. es Sexvedra daadasturebda moskovSi
Cemi misiis warmatebas Tu warumateblobas.
meore dilas kremls unda vwveodi. mersedesi ubralo
saTadarigo karTan gaCerda. protokolis warmomadgene-
li germanulad mogvesalma; dacvis oficeri samxedro
wesiT, usityvod da liftisken migvaniSna. zeviT medi-
duri nabijiT migviZRoda grZel derefanSi. CamiCumi ar
89
ismoda, kaciSvili ar WaWanebda. oficerma kari gamoaRo;
protokolis warmomadgenelma oriode sityviT gviCurCu-
la, stalinis samuSao oTaxiao. maRali orfrTiani kari
gaaRes. kosiginma ramdenime nabiji gadmodga Cemken, xeli
gamomiwoda da gamiZRva grZeli magidisken, romlis bo-
los saweri magida idga, Cem win dajda, zurgiT fanjris-
ken. Tarjimanma misi misalmeba rom miTargmna, gaisma:
`gismenT~.
Cemi cxovrebis urTulesi da usiamovno monologi
wavikiTxe. sanam saubris magvari ram Sedgeboda, saxeze
nervi ar astokebia, gayinuli lurji Tvalebi momapyro.
federaluri kancleris mokiTxva gadaveci da Zalis ar-
gamoyenebis germanuli koncefcia gavacani. misi TxuT-
metwuTiani uemociobis Semdeg sityva gavamZafre, Cem win
mjomi kaci mainc ar Seryeula, bolos, provokaciaze ga-
davedi da warmovTqvi: `dumili ar kmara~. SeeZlo Tavis
Tavze mieRo an sakuTar sagareo saqmeTa ministrze. gro-
mikosTan saubrebSi did winaaRmdegobad gamoikveTa Cveni
pozicia, rom germanel xalxs grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi
saxelmwifos gamTlianebis SesaZlebloba ar unda Cahket-
voda. realistebi varT da viciT, rom TqvenTvis ulbrix-
ti ufro axlobelia, vidre brandti-meTqi, davZine. mokav-
SireTa arcerT mxares Soris ar unda gaCndes undobloba.
rogorc iqna, xma amoiRo da mipasuxa, grZelvadian
miznebze saubars axla azri ar aqvso. `Cven iaraRs ar
vaJRarunebT~, magram bonSi Tavdacvis axal ministrs bun-
desveris gaZliereba surso. sxva Zalebi dainteresebuli
arian, rom federaluri respublika sabWoTa kavSiris
winaaRmdeg farad moiSvelioTo. vupasuxe, gvendeT, Cven
ar gadavaWarbebT aliansisTvis Sepirebul zeda zRvars,
romelic 495 000 kacs gulisxmobs-meTqi, magram mzad
90
varT, SevamciroT xidebis samSeneblo mZime teqnika-meTqi.
radgan evropis Cvens nawilSi mdinareebi samxreTidan
Crdi loeTisken miedinebian, es iqneba Cveni TavdacviTi
pozicis gamovlineba-meTqi. ase moilaparakes brandtma
da Tavdacvis ministrma, georg leberma-meTqi. aseve ga-
vauqmebT savele lazareTebs, romelTa daniSnuleba Tav-
dasxmiTi xasiaTis aris-meTqi. es Semdeg sabWoTa samxedro
eqspertebmac daadastures. marTlac, Cveni ganmuxtvis
politikis sawyis etapze, bundesverma piradi Semadgen-
lobis umaRles niSnuls miaRwia, Tumca amas araferi
mohyolia.
kosiginma misayvedura, federalur respublikaSi isev
iTxoven germaniis gaerTianebas 1937 wlis sazRvrebSio;
vinc ase azrovnebs, is oms ar gamoricxavso. me mas Se-
vaxsene brandtis samTavrobo gancxadeba, romelic es-
wrafvoda Zalis argamoyenebas yvela saxelmwifos mier
dRes arsebul sazRvrebSi, magram Tavi ver Sevikave da
vurCie: `nu endobiT maT, vinc getyviT, rom germania
gayofas Seegua; is an sulelia, an matyuara~.
kosiginma Semdeg dasZina, Tanaxma var federalur kan-
clers daxurul kars miRma Sevxvde saubris gasagrZele-
blado da mkiTxa, partiul kontaqtebze ras fiqrobT,
Tu gamogvadgebao. radgan mis qveyanaSi partia marTav-
da saxelmwifos, orive mxares waadgeba-meTqi – mivuge.
es iqca ideologiur sakiTxebze gadasasvlel frazad,
gromikosTan amas araviTari roli ar uTamaSia. SevZe-
li damewynarebina: mxolod mSvidobian Tanaarseboba-
ze vsaubrobT-meTqi; ideologiuri Tanaarseboba orive
qveyanas moutans zians da partiebs gaanadgurebs-meTqi.
sabWoTa kavSirs ar uWirda biurgerul partiebTan Ta-
91
namSromloba. axla varkvevdiT, rogor Seegueboda axal
realobas – social-demokratiul federalur mTavrobas.
rogorc iqna, Cemi Tanamosaubre modunda da Tavisi
qveynis ekonomikur problemebze daiwyo saubari. Cveni Ta-
namSromloba, Seusabamobis gamo, naklebmniSvnelovaniao.
kosigini, sinamdvileSi, msoflios yvelaze didi sawarmos
generaluri direqtori galdaT, romelsac sabWoTa kavSi-
ri ewodeboda, magram vili brandtTan politikuri mola-
parakebebis partniorad ar gamodgeboda. bolos mkiTxa,
kidev raimes Tqma xom ar gsurTo. vTxove, keTilganwyo-
biT ganixileT gansakuTrebiT mZime SemTxvevebSi qveynidan
gasvlis nebarTvis gacema-meTqi. ikiTxa: `ramdeni arian~.
haeridan davabrexve cifri: `samocdaori~. `falins gadae-
ciT sia~. samocdaori `saqme~ 196 piris siad iqca – moxu-
ci, axalgazrda, omis daviwyebuli tyveebi, aRmosavleT
prusielebi, bevr maTgans mravaljer hqonda gasvlaze
uari miRebuli. saelCos ar sjeroda warmatebis, magram
mainc guldasmiT imuSaves siis Sedgenaze. falinma Cems
gamgzavrebamde Caibara sia, erTi Tvis Semdeg ki saelCos
baRSi 196 bednieri adamiani vixile. sajaro triumfisgan
sruliad SevikaveT Tavi. ndoba unda SegvenarCunebina.
Semdeg ulbrixti Tavad Cavida moskovSi. garTulebe-
bis Tavidan asacileblad gromikom me da Cemi yvelaze
mniSvnelovani TanamSromeli karl-verner zane lenin-
gradSi migvipatiJa. Cqari matarebeli sakmaod nela mi-
dioda, rom gaTenebamde ar Casuliyo leningradSi, gzaSi
Cvenma Tanmxlebma leom gviambo, kosigini keTilganwyobiT
gamoexmaura TqvenTan saubarso, imis miuxedavad, rom be-
vri iseTi ram miTqvams, rac mas sruliad ar moswonebia.
`warmodgena ar gaqvT, ra xdeba xelmZRvanel jgufSi.
unda gvacaloT. Cven ufro gviWirs, vidre – Tqven. Cven
92
Cveni mekavSireebi gvyavs. germaniis sakiTxi rTulia~. es
arbatovisgan ukve msmenoda. kacma rom Tqvas, Cveni pozi-
cia sabWoTa politikis axlebur orientacias moiTxovda.
moskovi amisTvis ufro naklebad iyo mzad, vidre mego-
na. Tavdapirveli varaudi, rom or kviraSi gavarkvevdiT
Cveni koncefciis vargisianobas, sruliad ararealuri
aRmoCnda. ramden xans gastanda am uzarmazari tankeris
– sabWoTa kavSiris Semobruneba, drois aranair prognozs
ar eqvemdebareboda.
slavas da leos vumadlodi, rom Cavwvdi, sabWoTa sis-
tema sulac ar iyo daxuruli, igi Caketili iyo. dasavleT-
Si sazogadoebrivi azri, rogorc wesi, amzadebda gadawy-
vetilebebs, romelTac, gacxadebisas, moulodnelobis
efeqti TiTqmis aRar gaaCndaT. amgvari procesi Senele-
buli gveCveneboda. moskovSi ki kidev ufro gaWianurebu-
li aRmoCnda. iqac arsebobda pluralizmi: gansxvavebu-
li mosazrebebi da interesebi politikis, samxedroebis,
saidumlo samsaxurebis, aparatebisa, administraciasa da
moqalaqeebs Soris. ar muSaobda brZanebisa da morCile-
bis principi. mxolod Canda ase, radgan gadawyvetilebis
miRebis Sida procesi saidumlod rCeboda da mniSvnelo-
vani gadawyvetilebebi ZiriTadad, SabaT-kviras cxaddebo-
da xolme. upiratesoba – moulodnelobis efeqti; nakli
– SiSisa da ganuWvretelobis gaRviveba. sabWoTa menta-
lobis reliqtebs dResac vawydebiT.
slavam da leom TavianT sistemaSi Cagvaxedes. Sida
procesebs vcnobdiT, nawilobriv vafasebdiT kidec da
gavlenis saSualebac ki gagvandes. isini iqceodnen ro-
gorc patriotebi, romelTac swamdaT, rom amerika, ro-
gorc sabWoTa sagareo politikis erTaderTi orientiri,
sakmarisi ar iyo; rom evropa da germania aucilebeli
93
faqtorebi gaxdebodnen. momavali aTwleulebis ganmavlo-
baSi maT arasdros mouwodebiaT CvenTvis yalbi infor-
macia. xdeboda, rom raRac ar icodnen an Tqmis ufleba
ar hqondaT, magram maT sityvas wyali ar gauvidoda. ase
ganmtkicda ndoba, romelic brandtidan Smidtze gadavi-
da da Semdeg kolze.
leningradis ermitaJis gamaognebeli STabeWdilebebi
ver gaanelebda omSi Tu SimSiliT daxocilTa, sneulTa
da gayinulTa bedze wuxils. dauviwyaria milioni adamia-
nis sasaflao... maT verc smolnis uzarmazari Senoba da
verc sxva revolucionerTa dabadebis qalaqebi Seedre-
boda. oci milioni msxverpli sabWoTa xelmZRvanelobis-
Tvis, germanelebTan axali politikis sarwmuno damaje-
rebl dasabuTebas saWiroebda. valentin falinma mTeli
ojaxi leningradis blokadisas dakarga da Cveni istoria
da ena Seiswavla, rom mimxvdariyo, rogor SeeZlo aseTi
kulturis ers usastikesi barbarosoba. igi Cemi partnio-
ri gaxda, romelTanac ufro xangrZlivad da xSirad
vsaubrobdi xolme, vidre gromikosTan.
94
SeveguoT an
gadavlaxoT sazRvrebi
gromiko Tavidanve ise mkafiod gamoxatavda saTqmels, uke-
Tess ver inatrebdi. `sanam sazRvrebze ar SevTanxmebul-
varT, araferzec ar SevTanxmebulvarT~. SeTanxmebaSi igi
Tavis mokavSireTa sazRvrebsac gulisxmobda. bevr evro-
pul mezobel qveyanas eSinoda, rom maTi gverdis avliT
Sedgeboda germaniasa da ruseTs Soris molaparakebebi,
magram sxvanairad warmoudgeneli iyo, mxolod moskovs
SeeZlo gadawyvetilebis miReba da mzad iyo saubrisT-
vis. me araferi mqonda sawinaaRmdego, Tundac imitom,
rom amgvari saubrisTvis gankuTvnili dro mokldeboda,
Tanac, aRmosavleTis blokis yvelas mier aRiarebuli wi-
namZRolis Zalauflebas Cveni politikis sasikeTod Cavr-
TavdiT da pasuxismgeblobasac davakisrebdiT.
`sazRvrebis~ ZiriTadi kompleqsis gaTvaliswinebiT
ganixileboda moskovTan yoveli molaparakebis Sedegebi.
me da falini pirispir Sexvedrebisas saaTobiT, dReebis
da kvirebis ganmavlobaSi vaTanxmebdiT sityvebs. kerZod,
sabWoTa kavSiris interesi, rom Seucvleli da daculi
unda yofiliyo sazRvrebi, eWvs ar iwvevda. magram swored
xelSeuvali status kvo gaxldaT CvenTvis miuRebeli.
ZiriTadi kanonisa da Cveni rwmenis Tanaxmad, germanias
95
gaerTianebis Sansi ar unda dahkargvoda da saxelmwifoeb-
rivi TviTgamorkvevis, maSasadame, germaniis sakiTxi Riad
unda dagvetovebina. amgvarad, molaparakebebis pirvelive
wris mimdinareobisas gaCnda idea momzadebuliyo werili,
romelzec zanesTan erTad vimuSave da romelic sabWoTa
mxares daubrkoleblad unda mieRo, radgan yvela ger-
manelis mSvidobiani TviTgamorkveva Cvens xelSekrule-
bas ar ewinaaRmdegeboda. rogorc iqna, mivageniT saWiro
sityvas – `Seulaxavi~, igi urTierTSeTanxmebis safuZvel-
ze cvlilebas eqvemdebareboda, miTumetes, rom mere mas
daemata `werili germaniis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb~.
termini `Seulaxavi~ xuTi wlis Semdeg euTk-s hel-
sinkis saboloo aqtis miRebamde SenarCunda. igi yvelam
aRiara. natos qveynebma (aSS-mac), varSavis xelSekrule-
bis qveynebma da neitralurma saxelmwifoebmac. amgvarad
germaniis Temaze kamaTi damTavrda. veravin warmoidgen-
da or germanul saxelmwifos Soris sazRvris urTierT
SeTanxmebul, mSvidobian gauqmebas. mxolod federaluri
mTavroba ganixilavda helsinkis, rogorc process, rome-
lic germaniis gaerTianebiT unda dasrulebuliyo.
meore kompleqsi Cveni kompetenciis sazRvrebs ukav-
Sirdeboda. arcerTi germanuli saxelmwifo ar iyo su-
verenuli. germaniis, rogorc mTlianis gankargvis xel-
Seuvali ufleba oTx gamarjvebul Zalas epyra. Cemi
safuZvliani argumenti, sabWoTa kavSiris interesSi ver
iqneboda sakuTari Zalauflebis ulbrixtisTvis gada-
cema, miTumetes, gdr-Tan dadebuli calke samSvidobo
xelSekrulebiT, gromikom miiRo, Tumca araferi uTqvams.
amgvarad, sabWoTa kavSirsa da gdr-s Soris samSvidobo
xelSekruleba, romelic 1958 wels xruSCovis mier wayene-
96
buli ultimatumis Semdeg dRis wesrigidan ar moxsnila,
axla dasamarda.
berlinis saqme ufro rTulad rCeboda. iq bons saer-
Tod ar gaaCnda kompetencia, magram, samagierod, sasi-
cocxlo interesebi hqonda. berlinis Sesaxeb saubari
msurda, magram raimeze SeTanxmeba – ara. rodesac gro-
miko amas mimixvda, pozicia Secvala, mxolod dasavleTis
ZalebTan moindoma berlinze laparaki da damayena amo-
canis winaSe, uzrunvelmeyo federaciuli respublikis
gavlena berlinis Sesaxeb molaparakebebze, romlis magi-
dasTanac jdomis ufleba ar hqonda.
araformalur doneze Segvatyobines, rom gdr-is pre-
mier-ministri vili Stofi federalur kanclers mos-
kovis gverdis avliT Sexvedras sTavazobda. ambavi, rom
brandti am Sexvedras amzadebda, moskovSi Cemgan ufro
male gaiges, vidre aRmosavleT berlinisgan. me iq davr-
Ci, radgan moskovis mimarT gulwrfelobis dadastureba
ufro mniSvnelovani iyo, vidre erfurtis SexvedraSi mo-
nawileoba. moskovma daxuruli satelefono xazis meSveo-
biT bonidan ufro swrafad, koreqtulad da dawvrilebiT
miiRo informacia erfurtSi gdr-isTvis arasasiamovno
movlenebis Sesaxeb, rogoric iyo xalxis mier barierebis
garRveva Sexvedris mimdinareobisas, vidre aRmosavleT
berlinidan. yuradRebidan ar gamohparviaT, rom brandti
cdilobda erfurtis sastumros fanjridan daeSoSmine-
bina xalxi, romelic `vilis~ gahyviroda. leom aRniSna:
`rac ginda Tqvi gdr-ze, raimes Caketva Tu gadawyvites,
akeTeben kidec~.
germaniis orive mTavrobis meTauris pirveli Sexvedra
mediisTvis siaxle iyo. magram erfurtis kadrebi Tavad
laparakobdnen, rac aRmosavleTSic da dasavleTSic, be-
97
vris gasakvirad, moulodnelei aRmoCnda: germanelebi Tu
miuSvi, gaerTianebas moindomebeno. erfurtSi Zireuli
veraferi gadawydeboda, sanam moskovSi ar mivaRwevdiT
rames.
iq ki Cveni muSaobis Sedegi aT punqtad CamovayalibeT.
mravlobiT formas vxmarob, radgan es erToblivi namuSe-
vari gaxldaT. avtorebi – gromiko, falini da me viyaviT.
xolo mogvianebiT `baris dokumenti~ rom daerqva, mcda-
ri da arasamarTliani gaxldaT. radgan falins fasdaude-
beli wvlili miuZRvoda martivi da daxvewili stilis
gamo. sanam dokuments Cvens mTavrobebs warvudgendiT da
molaparakebebis dawyebas vurCevdiT, gromikom damtanja.
miuxedavad imisa, rom teqsti ukve SeTanxmebuli gvqonda,
magrZnobina, germaniis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb werils dave-
Tanxmebi, Tuki sazRvris Sesaxeb formulirebas – `Seu-
laxavi~ – ufro mZafri sityviT SecvliTo. vfiqrob, zed-
meti mouvida. pirad werilSi davusabuTe, rom teqsti ase
unda darCeniliyo, radgan Seesabameboda Cveni mTavrobe-
bis miznebsa da interesebs. `me ver da ar Sevicvli pozi-
cias Cemi mTavrobis winaSe, gansakuTrebiT im gamocdile-
bis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac miviRe xangrZlivi diskusiebis
ganmavlobaSi~. werili rom gavagzavne, mxolod mere Se-
vatyobine Seels Cemi solo-gamosvlis Sesaxeb.
meore dRes falini momadga da mkiTxa, Seni werili fe-
deraluri mTavrobis azrsac Tu gamoxatavso. kakal-gul-
Si gaartya. me movityue, `diax!~. cota xnis Semdeg gromiko
SemogvierTda: bolo sxdomis win dro ar mqonda, Tqveni
da falinis SemuSavebul teqsts gavcnobodio. amasobaSi
wavikiTxe da veTanxmebio. ar SevimCnie, rogor momeSva
gulze da vuTxari, bonSi pozitiur moxsenebas gavagzav-
ni-meTqi. saelCoSi alardtma SampanuriT momiloca. mere
98
ki sagareo saqmeTa ministris depeSamac ar daaxana: gro-
mikosadmi miweril werilze dasturs maZlevda da Cems
pozicias iwonebda. ase aRmoifxvra tyuili. arasodes da-
vuviwyeb Seels am depeSas.
bonSi mokavSireebi warmatebul garRvevas gvilocavd-
nen. aTi punqti yvelas mivawodeT. magram jer Tavi qudSi
ar gvqonda; sanam es punqtebi mxolod qaRaldze ewera,
moskovs arafers avaldebulebda. varSavaSi dukvitcis
xelmZRvanelobiT molaparakebebi duned miedineboda.
axla alerdtic ki gvaCqarebda: `manam dahkar, sanam rkina
cxelia~. Seels ukve dajavSnili hqonda moskovis bileTi,
roca konstituciis ministrma, genSerma daadgina, doku-
ments gadamowmeba sWirdebao. brandti brdRvinavda, rom
konstituciis sakiTxebs misi kompetencia ar swvdeboda
da ukmexad Cailaparaka: `ser valterma Tavis partiul
megobarTan gaarkvioso~.
uxerxuli iyo, rom boni SeTavazebul da moskovisgan
dadasturebul Sexvedras auqmebda. Seelma Tavisi ver
gaitana da arc iman uSvela, kabinetis sxdomaze federa-
lurma kanclerma rom ganmarta, sagareo saqmeTa minis-
tris moskovSi gamgzavreba Cemi nebarTviT xdebao. gen-
Sers undoda qula Caewera da brandts vuTxari, SeiZleba
moaxerxos kidec-meTqi. ivnisis Sua ricxvebSi aTi punq-
ti sityva-sityviT gamoaqveyna Jurnalma `qviqma~. dRemde
ucnobia, vin miawoda maT es dokumenti. amiT mdgomareo-
ba Seicvala. ivlisis bolos Seeli moskovSi rom Cavida,
gromikom ganucxada: radgan aTi punqti, miuxedavad Cveni
SeTanxmebisa, sajaro gaxda, teqstze sabWoTa kavSiri ve-
Rar moilaparakebso. ori kviris ganmavlobaSi or sagareo
saqmeTa ministrs Soris molaparakebebi CixSi Sevida.
99
moulodnelad leo gamoCnda. Seelma myisve Tqva: `yve-
laferi kargad iqneba~. falinTan da slavasTan moTaTbi-
rebis Semdeg yinuli davZariT. meore da mesame muxlebi
gadavabiT da davakavSireT `sazRvris pativiscema~ da `Za-
lis argamoyeneba~. brandts piradi weriliT Sevatyobine,
rom `politbiuro wina Rames teqsts daeTanxma~. aRar
maxsovs, erTad seirnobisas romelma moifiqra es formu-
lireba, gromikom Tu Seelma. asea Tu ise, sagareo saq-
meTa orive ministrma moiwona. sami gamarjvebuli Zala
cdilobda Cveni meSveobiT mieRwia imisTvis, rac Tavad
ver SeZles da piriqiT, saqme gaarTules, magram Seelma
mtkiced gadawyvita, rom ver SegvaCerebdnen da parafire-
ba SeaTanxma. wina saRamos sane da me leom dagvpatiJa Ta-
vis oroTaxian binaSi, misi meuRle lidia blinebiT gagvi-
maspinZlda. leom gviTxra: `namdvilad ar vici, SeZlebT
Tu ara rodesme gaerTianebas, magram Tu es unda moxdes,
icodeT, xval dgamT am gzaze pirvel nabijso~.
*
federaluri kancleris pirveli viziti vaSingtonSi
Tavbrudamxvevad warmatebuli iyo. vertmfreniT gamg-
zavreba kemp devidSi, Cia-s Sefis moxseneba kosmosidan
fotos gadaRebis SesaZleblobaze – leninis mavzoleu-
mis win rigSi `pravdas~ saTauri ikiTxeboda. feodalebi-
viT migviRes `blear hausSi~, prezidentis oficialuri
stumrebis rezidenciaSi. rogorc iqna, marto davrCiT,
brandtma niqsonze qiliki daiwyo, ra usimpaTio kaciao.
gavafrTxile: ar gvismendnen-meTqi. damamSvida: moskovSi
ki ar varTo.
100
saRamos, TeTr saxlSi didi miRebis dros, Tavs megobre-
bis wreSi vgrZnobdiT, ara imitom, rom niqsoni brandtis
kisinjers meZaxda, aramed imitom, rom arc ki miuniSne-
biaT, Tqvens aRmosavleTis politikas gavakritikebT an
SevaferxebTo. warmatebis mauwyebeli iyo aseTi guliTa-
di urTierT gageba.
karga mogvianebiT Sevityve kisinjerisgan: rasakvir-
velia, gvismendnen. niqsons uTqvams, brandti ar mesimpa-
Tiureba, Tanac loTiao. kidev uaresi: henric dasTanxme-
bia! mere mTxova, nu gewyinebao da gamomityda, bevr
rameze mivdiodi, niqsonze, am rTul kacze gavlena rom
mqonodao. me msgavsi araferi gamomicdia.
*
federaluri kancleris dasaxvedrad kosigini da gro-
miko movidnen aeroportSi. moskovSi erovnuli himnis
mosmenisas tanSi Jruantelma damiara. kremlisken gamg-
zavrebam didi STabeWdileba moaxdina. moZraoba gaeCe-
rebinaT. SuqniSnebi mwvaneze CaerToT, rom svla ar Se-
ferxebuliyo. megobarma xeli Camavlo da didxans magrad
miWerda, vidre fiqrebs CaRrmaveboda, TiTqos uintereso
mzera gare samyarosken miepyro.
kremlis protokolma darbazis orive mxares kari erT-
droulad gaaRo, rom brandti da breJnevi erTdroulad
Sesuliyvnen da erTaneTs misalmebodnen. gromikom bre-
JnevTan warmadgina, igi uyurebda, rogor awerdnen xels
mTavrobis meTaurebi da maTi sagareo saqmeTa ministrebi
xelSekrulebas.
101
generalur mdivansa da kanclers Soris pirispir sau-
bari oTx saaTs gagrZelda. sinamdvileSi, es iyo oTxi gr-
Zeli monologi, erTaderTi Sedegi – orive mixvda, rom
meti dro sWirdebodaT da erTmaneTiT dainteresdnen.
komunisturi partiis Tavmjdomarem gaugo brandts, rom
berlinis organizacias ver gardaqmnida damoukidebel
partiad. amiT amoiwura sabWoTa politikis idea `dasa-
vleT berlinis damoukidebeli politikuri erTeulis~
Sesaxeb. sabolood oriveni SeTanxmdnen, rom yovelwliu-
rad Sexvdebodnen da gadawyvites sando `arxi~ Seeqm-
naT, vaSingtonTan arsebuli `saidumlo arxis~ msgavsad.
momces telefonis nomeri da SemeZlo leo bonSi gamome-
Zaxa. Seelma da genSerma usityvod misces erTwliani viza.
slavas mxolod dasavleT berlinamde SeeZlo Camosvla,
dasavleT berlinSi uvizo mimosvla iyo mTeli msoflios-
Tvis. ara mxolod berlinis sakiTxis Semdgomi mogvarebi-
sas, saerTod, orive maTgani Seucvleli aRmoCnda.
breJnevisTvis brandti iyo pirveli dasavleli saxel-
mwifo lideri, romelsac igi Sexvda. WkuaSi daujda san-
do informaciis miReba sagareo saqmeTa ministris gver-
dis avliT. maT Soris `qimia~ aSkarad muSaobda. orives
uyvarda Rvino, qalebi da simRera. xolo eqimis rCevas,
Tavs moufrTxildiTo, orivem SeTanxmebulebiviT upa-
suxa, simReras SeveSvebiTo.
wlebis ganmavlobaSi orive arxma – rogorc vaSingto-
nis, aseve moskovisam, instituciuri xasiaTi SeiZina. mxo-
lod umaRles doneze ki ar icvleboda werilebi, aramed
TanamSromlebis donezec. vaSingtonidanac da moskovi-
danac gvafrTxilebdnen teroristul aqtebze, am arxe-
bis saSualebiT viTxovdi pasuxs israelis araformalur
SekiTxvaze moskovTan diplomatiuri urTierTobebis
102
damyarebis Taobaze, Tumca, es ufleba breJnevis kompe-
tenciaSi sulac ar Sedioda.
brandti iseTi simpaTiiT ganimsWvala breJnevis mimarT,
niqsonisadmi msgavsi grZnoba ar gasCenia. breJnevsac rom
ar hqonoda brandtis mimarT igive damokidebuleba, ul-
brixts da Semdeg honekers ar gaacurebda. sabWoTa meTau-
ri iseT informaciebs iRebda, misi vercerTi samsaxuri
ver miawvdida. orive dedaqalaqi darwmunebuli iyo, rom
icodnen, ras fiqrobda boni. brandtis pirovnuli ndobis
wyalobiT orive arxi gugunebda. vaSingtonTan iseTi in-
tensivobis urTierToba Camoyalibda, rogoric momavalSi
aRar ganmeorebula. moskovTan urTierTobac sasiamovno
iyo, sanam brandti da breJnevi agebdnen amaze pasuxs.
amis winapiroba: arxebidan informacias ar unda gae-
Jona. asec moxda. brandtis gadadgomis Semdeg helmut
Smidts kremlTan arsebuli arxis da misi Taviseburebis
Sesaxeb Sevatyobine, man ki mTxova, pasuxismgebloba Cems
Tavze ameRo da Semdeg berlinSi federaluri rwmunebu-
lis rangSi gamegrZelebina. misi gadadgomis Semdeg, arc
misTvis mikiTxavs da arc brandtisTvis, saqmis kursSi Ca-
vayene helmut koli, romelmac erTi Rame ifiqra, mere da-
mireka da mwvane Suqi aminTo saqmis gasagrZeleblad: `ra
iciT, ra xdeba. detalebze telCiks daelaparakeT~. mos-
kovel partniorTan erTad gadaveciT arxi yvela forma-
lobis dacviT. sanam koaliciis axali partniorebi, erTi
sarTuliT qveviT, sagareo politikaze saubars daiwyeb-
dnen, kolma ukve miaWeda erTi lursmani, rogorc Rimi-
liT aRniSna kancleris aparatis axalma ufrosma horst
telCikma. vilis gavagebine: Cveni aRmosavleTis politika
saimedo xelSi rom aRmoCnda.
103
maS, imoqmede
moskovis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris Semdeg saqmis gagr-
Zelebas veswrafvodiT. upirvelesad, dRis wesrigSi idga
xelSekruleba poloneTTan, aseve, berlinis sakiTxis
mogvareba oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis mier. bonSi rom
davbrundiT, Cia-s Cvenze `pasuxismgebelma~ moxelem mo-
makiTxa (yvela partiaze iyo mimagrebuli `msgavsi~ moxe-
le). `vaSingtonSi Cvenebs ainteresebT, raze unda vila-
parakoT berlinSi. Cveni pozicia xom mtkice ver iqneba~,
miTxra man. davamSvide da davarwmune, zustad vici, saq-
mis viTareba da male Segatyobineb-meTqi. saswrafod unda
davlaparakebodi brandts. Sin davpatiJe. mis sayvarel
kerZs, kartofilis namcxvars ver SevTavazebdi, sufris
xSirad ganaxleba dagvWirdeboda. amitom bardis wvnia-
ni movumzadeT. glexuri saWmelebi uyvarda, magram amas
xeli ar SeuSlia, moskovSi kovzebiT egemna xizilala.
aq erTi sagulisxmo ganmartebaa aucilebeli: 1991
wlamde yvela warmodgena aRmosavleTis politikis sfe-
roSi, yvela gegma da idea emyareboda varauds, rom
sabWoTa kavSiri da varSavis xelSekruleba mudam iarse-
bebda. 1991 wlis movlenebi, romelmac msoflio SeZra da
varSavis xelSekrulebis dasasruli gamoiwvia, dasavleTs
ar ganuWvretia. molodinebi da imedebi mimarTuli iyo
104
garkveulwilad, sistemis liberalizaciaze, mSvidobian
Tanaarsebobaze da konstruqtiul TanamSromlobaze;
amasTan, arsebuli ideologiuri gansxvavebebi, mSvido-
bis erToblivi miznis misaRwevad, unda damorCileboda
kamaTis garkveul kulturas. arc brandts da arc me ar
SegveZlo ganmuxtvis politikis gavlenis winaswarmetyve-
leba an dagegmva.
Cveulebrivad vsaubrobdiT. `vaSingtonsa da moskovSi
Cvens megobrebTan SedarebiT~, rogorc brandtma aRniSna,
yvela monawiles vuswrebdiT, radgan vicodiT berlinis
saWiroebebi da misi moqalaqeebis fsiqologia. amitom ar
gagvWirvebia molaparakebebis ZiriTad mimarTulebebze
SeTanxmeba. vfiqrobdiT, rom, praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT,
frTxilad unda CagveWida xeli oTxive gamarjvebuli
ZalisTvis da win gavZRolodiT. vilim mirCia, gonivru-
lad da TavSekavebulad moiqecio. Cvenma saubarma manamde
ararsebuli da arc arasdros gancdili sivrce da siRrme
SeiZina.
Cveni gayofili msoflios, maT Soris, sakuTari gaxle-
Cili qveynis yurebisas, Znelad Tu uaryofdi, rom mTe-
li es ubedureba germaniam gamoiwvia. marqsma da engelsma
msoflio gavlena moipoves, ideologiurad da politiku-
rad, omis CaTvliT, romelic saocari politikuri sa-
marTlianobis wylobiT isev germanias Semoubrunda. al-
baT ucnauri ar unda iyos, rom am gayofili samyaros
SuagulSi ufro mowadinebuli xdebi, ipovo gaxleCis
Semsubuqebis da daZlevis gzebi. ganmuxtvis politika
SeiZleboda gamxdariyo aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs So-
ris saxifaTo dapirispirebis gadalaxvis saSualeba. Ta-
visi mniSvnelobiT es gautoldeboda `komunizmis e. w.
sneulebis~ Semsubuqebas. TiTqmis germanelebis isto-
105
riul pasuxismgeblobad SeiZleboda miCneuliyo es saq-
me. brandtma moiTxova, am sakiTxze arasdros ilapara-
koo. `yalTabandebad mogvnaTlaven~. sityvebis kombinacia
`germaneli~ da `winamZRoloba~ Zalian saSiSiao.
meore mxriv, damamSvida, arc ki viciT, gamogviva Tu
ara berlinis sakiTxis mogvarebao. brandti maSinac mya-
rad idga miwaze, roca Soreul horizonts gascqeroda.
albaT, erTaderTxel aRmoCndeba germania aseT gadamwy-
vet mdgomareobaSi, verc ki warmomidgenia qveynisTvis
aseTi mniSvnelobis pozicia kidev ganmeordeso. xolo
`xelis CaWidebis~ gamo gamafrTxila, zedmeti ar mogivi-
deso da maSinve mwvane Suqi aminTo: `midi, gaakeTe!~.
106
upasuxod darCenili mondomeba: poloneTi
swored moskovSi miRebuli kargi gamocdilebis gamo ga-
mando brandtma: `mZime mogzauroba gvelis~. poloneTs,
hitleris pirvel msxverpls, gaxleCils, dasavleTisken
CaCoCebuls, amputirebuls, damarcxebuls gamarjvebul-
Ta Soris, Tavi isev Seuracxyofilad ar unda egrZno. man
firma `krupis~ Sefs, berthold baitcs sTxova polone-
Tis premier-ministr iozef CirankieviCisTvis gadaeca we-
rili. baitcs, romelmac omis dros poloneli ebraelebi
gadaarCina, varSavaSi did pativs scemdnen da albaT erTa-
derTi `fostalioni~ iyo, visac gzavnili sakuTari TviT-
mfrinaviT SeeZlo Caetana. brandtma es werili jer kidev
1969 wlis dekemberSi dawera, manamde didi xniT adre, sa-
nam ecodineboda, rodis mouwevda moskovSi Casvla, we-
rilSi moTminebiT gagebas iTxovda: nu damaCqarebT, au-
cilebeli ar aris, moskovSi unda daviwyoT jer da Semdeg
erToblivad ganvixilavT yvela politikur sakiTxso.
brandtis keTilganwyobas poloneTis mimarT winaisto-
ria uZRoda. 1968 wlis dasawyisSi hansiakob Stelem, rome-
lic maSin `caitis~ korespondenti iyo venaSi, poloneTis
saelCos mrCevelTan Sesaxvedrad dampatiJa. Jerzi rac-
kovskis, romelsac berlinidan vicnobdi, `misi mTavro-
bis davalebis gareSe~ surda Semxvedroda. brandtma neba
mzaoba gamoxmaurebis gareSe: polo-neTi
107
momca, am Sexvedraze ganmuxtvis politikis Cveni mTeli
koncefcia ganmemarta. amgvarad, poloneTi iyo pirveli
qveyana, romelmac Cveni gegmebis Sesaxeb gaigo. Cemi Sexve-
dris Canaweris gacnobidan or dReSi, brandtma, maSin
jer kidev sagareo saqmeTa ministris rangSi, rain-ruris
klubSi `saqmiani saubris axal sawyisze~ ilaparaka. es mi-
niSneba misi poloneli kolegis, adam rapaCkis misamarTiT
iyo nagulisxmevi. am ukanasknelma waradgina centralur
evropaSi atomuri iaraRisgan Tavisufali zonis Seqmnis
saintereso gegma. 1968 wlis martSi niurnbergis yrilo-
baze brandtma pirvelad axsena `samSvidobo xelSekrule-
biT daregulirebamde oderisa da naises xazis aRiarebis
an pativiscemis~ perspeqtiva. im formis, garkveulwilad,
saxelmwifoebrivi dadastureba, romelic venaSi Cemi
da rackovskis Sexvedraze gamoikveTa da gamoxmaurebis
gareSe darCa. rodesac varSava gaisusa da qveynis SigniT
brandts problemebi Seeqmna, daaskvna: `an ar undaT, an ar
SeuZliaT, an ufleba ar aqvT~.
mxolod erTi wlis Tavze ganacxada uceb partiis Ta-
vmjdomarem, vladislav gomulkam, brandtis mier niurn-
bergis yrilobaze Camoyalibebuli formula saubrisken
gadadgmuli nabijiao. ratom daigviana ase reaqciam? es
gamocana Stelem amoxsna. 1969 wlis dasawyisSi bolonia-
Si italiis komunisturi partiis yrilobaze gomulkas
uSualo TanamSromels, zenon kliCkos Sexvedroda. mas
sinanuliT aRuniSnavs, gomulkas gamoxmaurebas brandtis
gamosvlaze bonidan reaqcia ar mohyoliao. venaSi polo-
neli diplomatis Canaweri pirdapir saqmeSi moxvedrila.
kliCkos mouZebnia da gomulkasTvis gadaucia. 1970 wlis
7 dekembers StelesTan xeli-xel gayrili mivuaxlovdi
germaneli Jurnalistebis jgufs da gavigone kliCkos
108
sityvebi: `Steles maSin, boloniaSi rom ar exsenebina
Tqveni saubari – vin icis, dRes aq, varSavaSi visxdebo-
diT Tu ara erTad~. civi omis dros xandaxan grotesku-
li SemTxveviTobebi wyvetda, miaRwevda Tu ara meore mxa-
remde saubris mzaobis ambavi swor dros.
1970 wlis 6 dekembers CirankiviCi kanclers protoko-
lis Sesabamisad daxvda varSavis aeroportSi. mogvianebiT
bodiSi moixada Tavisi uxeiro germanulis gamo: habsbur-
gis imperiis qveSevrdomad davibadeo. Cumad esaubrebo-
da brandts did socialistur ojaxze. am polonelebs
grZnobebis koriantelis dayeneba sCveodaT. xelSekrule-
baze momlaparakebeli delegaciis xelmZRvanelma polo-
nelebis mxridan, sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgilem,
Jozef vinieviCma Tavisi uzado germanuli ase axsna: – me
rom davibade, poloneTis saxelmwifo ar arsebobda; ger-
manuli ena germanul skolaSi viswavle da arc londonSi
gadasaxlebisas damviwyebia da arc vaSingtonSi, saelCo-
Si muSaobisaso. me mas Cemi Slezieli naTesavebis Sesaxeb
vuambe, Cemi bebiis aRmosavleT prusiul mogonebebze,
vestfaliisken pirutyvebis gadasayvani vagoniT mgzavro-
bas rom gauZlo; igi omSi daRupul Tavisi ojaxis wevreb-
ze momiyva. rodesac gdr-is momlaparakebel mixail kol-
Tan rTul saubrebze vuambobdi, mokled momiWra: gdr-s
arasrulfasovnebis kompleqsi tanjavso. boni frange-
bisTvisac ki uzomod didia, miTumetes uSualo aRmosa-
vleli mezoblebisTviso. meti didsulovneba gvmarTebs
da adenauers Zegli unda avugoT, rom germaniis gayofis
garantia mogvcao. `gamotydiT, xom ase jobs yvelasTvi-
so~. misi gazviadebuli Sexedulebis mimarT, protestis
nacvlad, TanagrnobiT ganvimsWvale: moskovis xelmZRva-
109
nelobis Zalauflebis realoba Cven sasikeTod gamoviye-
neT, varSava mas unda damorCileboda.
brandtis satelevizio gamosvla, romelsac varSavi-
dan germaniaSi gadascemdnen, TiTqmis imave wonis iyo, ro-
gorc xelSekrulebis xelmowera, romliTac oderisa da
naises sazRvars adgenda da teritoriaze pretenzias ar
acxadebda. sityvis srulyofaSi gdanskeli giunter grasi
da aRmosavleT prusieli zigfrid lenci daexmarnen. kan-
clerma icoda: aravin daanebebda germanias gaerTianebas,
Tuki am teritoriebze ganacxadebda pretenzias. es oci
wlis Semdeg, `ori plus oTxis~ molaparakebebis drosac
dadasturda. magram ltolvilebisTvis imedis dakargvas
ver Seamsubuqebda is ambavi, rom es danakargi didi xnis
naloliaveb iluziebs ewireboda. xolo brandtisTvis
Sida politikuri riski ar Seumcirebia imas, rom polo-
neTma realobis dadastureba mogvianobiT mainc miiRo.
brandti daCoqili me ar minaxavs. baitci da me manqana-
Si vsaubrobdiT Cvens STabeWdilebebze da Semdeg getos
memorialisken mivseirnobdiT, Cven win Jurnalistebs
aRemarTaT cocxali kedeli, uceb samarisebuli siCume
Camovarda. ra xdeba-Tqo, vikiTxeT, pasuxad erTma Cai-
CurCula: `daiCoqa~. saRamos, Cems megobarTan marto rom
davrCi, gavbede da vTqvi: `magari iyo~. brandtma mipasuxa:
`vigrZeni, rom marto Tavis daxra ar kmaroda~. kacma, ro-
melsac pirovnulad aranairi brali ar miuZRoda, Tavisi
xalxis istoriuli danaSauli aRiara. meti saTqmeli aRa-
raferi iyo.
kliCkos mimamagres, man Zveli qalaqi damaTvalierebi-
na, Tanamedrove mxatvrobis gamofena, aseTs verc moskov-
Si naxavdi da verc berlinSi, da Semdeg restoranSi dam-
patiJa, sadac Tbilad gvimaspinZles. arc aravin gvaxlda
110
da arc aravin gviTvalTvalebda, stumrebs SeverieT.
`warmogidgeniaT qalaqSi ase xetiali suslovTan an aqsen-
Tan erTad?~ marTalia, moskovis da aRmosavleT berlinis
mTavar ideologebs ar vicnobdi, magram mainc ver war-
momedgina. evropis usafrTxoebis xedvis Sesaxeb mSvidad
unda gvesaubra. amitom saSobaod mazuriaSi dampatiJa.
molaparakebebis magidasTan brandtma ganmarta Tavi-
si ganzraxva, poloneTTan urTierTobisTvis iseTive wona
mieniWebina, rogoric iyo safrangeTTan. mis naTqvams ga-
moxmaureba ar mohyolia. arc mis winadadebas mohyo-
lia pasuxi germanul-polonuri axalgazrduli organi-
zaciis Camoyalibebaze. ocdaoTxi wlis Semdeg, rixard
fon vaiczekeri Cavida Tavisi bolo saxelmwifo vizitiT
varSavaSi. sanam is prezident lex valezas esaubreboda,
premier-ministrma TadeuS mazovickim federaluri kan-
cleri koli Seaqo oderisa da naises xazis saxelmwifo
xelSekrulebis istoriuli aqtisTvis. gamikvirda, radgan
koli aiZules es xelSekruleba daedo da erTi milimetri-
Tac ar Seucvlia sazRvari. Semdeg mazovickim kols xotba
Seasxa, poloneTTan urTierToba safrangeTis doneze aiy-
vane da polonur-germanuli axalgazrduli organizacia
Seqmenio. vili brandtis saxeli arc uxsenebiaT. Tavi ver
Sevikave da sajarod gamovxate gancvifreba. mazovickim
bodiSi moixada sityvebiT, brandtis daCoqeba dauviwya-
riao. aman imedgacrueba gamiormaga.
ojaxis gamTlianebis Tema groteskad iqca. `savarau-
dod 40 000~ kacis qveynidan gaSvebas Segvpirda poloneTi.
sami wlis Semdeg kidev 120 aTasis nebarTvas vcdilobdi.
poloneTi erT miliard germanul markas iTxovda, magram
es Tanxa qveynidan gasvlasTan kavSirSi ar unda yofi-
liyo. rodesac zanem da me molaparakebebisas 560 milio-
111
namde SevamcireT, brandtma damavala, finansTa ministrs
daelaparakeo. Smidtma uxeSad momiSora Tavidan. meride-
boda poloneTisTvis amis Setyobineba. SeTavazebas du-
miliT upasuxes, Tanxa ecotavaT. Smidts kanclerobisas
maTTvis erTi miliard germanul markaze metis gamoyofa
mouwia – pirdapiri kavSiris gareSe – 100 aTasi adamianis
mosapoveblad. sabolood, poloneTis elCma gaikvirva, mas
mere rac helmut koli gaxda kancleri: `adre fuls imaSi
gvixdidiT, rom xalxi wasuliyo, axla imaSi gvaZlevT, rom
piriqiT, darCnen~. es gaxlavT evropaSi Tavisufali ga-
daadgilebis germaniis moTxovnis istoriis mokle versia.
SexvedrebiT daxunZluli ori dRis Semdeg Cirankie-
viCma aeroportSi xelkaviT gamixmo da imedianad miTxra:
– Cveni evropuli saubari unda gavagrZeloT! manac dam-
patiJa saSobaod mazuriaSi. Tumca, dRemde ar var iq
namyofi, radgan ori kviris Tavze gumulka da misi gun-
di Seicvala. fasebis mkveTr zrdas meti gavlena hqonda,
vidre oderisa da naises xazs. ukana gzaze Cemi megobari
imedgacruebuli, melanqoliuri, ukmayofilo Canda: mets
velodio...
112
berlinis xelSekruleba –
xelovnebis nimuSi
is-is iyo, bonSi davbrundiT, rom brandtma brZana: – axla
berlins unda mixedo. garda amisa, gdr-Tan molaparakebe-
bis warsamarTad moemzade! gansakuTrebulad xelsayrel
mdgomareobaSi aRmovCndi – kancleris aparatis manda-
tis garda federaluri rwmunebulic viyavi berlinSi.
brandtma gaamyara Cemi pozicia – egon franke mozomi-
lad daarwmuna, rom misi saministro, romelsac saerTo
germanuli erqva da germaniis Sida saqmeTa saministro
ewoda, aRmosavleT berlinSi isev provokaciad aRiqme-
boda. frankes uwyebas delegaciis xelmZRvanelis moad-
gilis Tanamdeboba ergo. Sinagan saqmeTa, iusticiisa da
transportis, agreTve sagareo uwyebis warmomadgenlebi
aZlierebdnen delegacias.
kanclerma daazusta, `Rrmad pativcemuli kolega
bari~ oficialuri rwmunebebiT aRWurva: `Tqven, rogorc
sagangebo davalebaTa federalur ministrs gandobT gdr-
Tan urTierTobebis ganviTarebis sakiTxebis damuSavebas
da federaluri mTavrobis rwmunebulis rangSi berlin-
Si moRvaweobas. am sferoSi kabinetisaTvis winadadebebis
wardgenas gTxovT Sesabamis uwyebebTan koordinaciaSi...
megobruli salmiT, Tqveni vili brandti~.
113
moskovis molaparakebebze gamarjvebuli Zalebis gav-
lenis areali berlinis sakiTxSi gamoikveTa. Cven delika-
turi amocanis winaSe davdeqiT, gagvefanta STabeWdileba,
rom wamyvan rols veswrafvodiT, Tumca, Cveni mxridan,
faruli winamZRoloba aucileblobad migvaCnda, radgan
amerikelebi, sabWoelebi, britanelebi da frangebi ar
Cqarobdnen berlinis SeTanxmebisTvis mieRwiaT. 1970 wlis
gazafxulidan moyolebuli ikribebodnen maTi elCebi
TveSi erTxel berlinis klaistis parkSi mdebare kontro-
lis sabWos SenobaSi da erTmaneTs oTxi Zalis statusis
Sesaxeb TavianT gansxvavebul poziciebs uziarebdnen. es
SeiZleboda wlobiT gagrZelebuliyo. magram mdgomareo-
ba Seicvala.
mas Semdeg, rac moskovis xelSekrulebis ratificire-
bis winapirobad berlinis Sesaxeb damakmayofilebeli re-
gulacia gamovacxadeT, oTxi Zalac dainteresda es wi-
napiroba Seesrulebina. vaSingtons surda brandtisTvis
Sepirebuli daxmareba aRmosavleTis politikis sakiTxSi
sabWoelebis mxridan berlinis Temaze daTmobis zewolis-
Tvis gadaeba. am viTarebaSi federalurma kanclerma ame-
rikis prezidents SesTavaza, oTxi elCis araregularuli
Sexvedrebi `mudmivi konferenciis~ reJimSi gadaeyvana.
henrim Sematyobina, prezidenti winadadebas dasTanxmdao;
saswrafod unda SevxvedrodiT. mowveva gamogigzavne 1971
wlis 31 ianvars keip kenedize apolo 14-is startze da-
saswrebado.
vaSingtonSi vice-prezident spiro agneusTan warmad-
gines, romelic sakmaod usimpatio momeCvena, mere masTan
erTad gavfrindi zafxulis floridaSi, henris xeli da-
vuqnie da daveswari xomaldis gamayruebel starts, miwa
zanzarebda. kvlav Sevxvdi henris patara TviTmfrinavis
114
bortze kirk duglasTan erTad. igi zustad iseTi iyo,
rogoric maxsovda `spartakiT~ aRfrTovanebuls. hen-
ris Svilebs miujda da pirispir laparaki gvacala. Se-
degi: henri qveiTi saidumlo samsaxuris warmomadgenels
miavlenda frankfurtSi, radgan Cia-s bolomde ar endo-
boda da ase daamyarebda pirdapir kontaqts saxelmwifo
departamentis gverdis avliT elCTan, ken raSTan. sabWoe-
lebTan SesaTanxmeblad qaRaldi mogvTxova. vili Zalian
kmayofili darCa.
Cems or sabWoTa Tanameinaxes, slavas da leos berli-
nis regulaciis struqturaze rom moveTaTbire, mivxvdi,
rom am saqmisTvis saWiro profesiuli codna akldaT.
amitom falini CamoviyvaneT berlinSi. Cveni erToblivi
sazrunavi: gdr-ma amis Sesaxeb araferi unda gaigos. ori
dRis ganmavlobaSi 18 saaTi vimuSaveT. Semdeg falinma
miTxra, moskovi farul molaparakebebs dasTanxmda da
vaSingtonma ganacxada, aSS-s kontrolis sabWoSi delega-
ciisTvis micemul oficialur instruqciebs seriozulad
nu SexedavTo. ken raSi pirdapir vaSingtons Caabarebda
angariSs, falini – moskovs, me ki – kanclers. es uTqme-
lad niSnavda Semdegs: parizs da londons saqmis viTare-
bas mxolod mas Semdeg SevatyobinebdiT, rodesac Cvens
Sedegebs kontrolis sabWos warvudgendiT, oRond aR-
mosavleT berlinisTvis oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis war-
matebuli molaparakebebis dasrulebis Semdeg. es drois
damzogavi konstruqcia pirdapiri arxebis meSveobiT
sazrdoobda da mas warmatebis erToblivi survili akav-
Sirebda.
manamdec aucilebeli iyo brandtis, niqsonisa da bre-
Jnevis mxardaWera. axla ki vili da me ukve Sinaarsze vms-
jelobdiT. monawileTagan vercerTs eqneboda zusti war-
115
modgena molaparakebebis Sedegze. xelSekrulebis birTvi
unda gamxdariyo rusebis mier garantirebuli regulacia
moqalaqeTa gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb. da gzidan unda Camo-
gvecilebina gadamwyveti barieri: oTxi gamarjvebuli Za-
lis amao Zalisxmeva, SeTanxmebuliyvnen mTeli berlinis
xalxTaSoris samarTlebriv statusze. nimuSad gamodge-
boda sazRvris gadakveTis mowmobis Sesaxeb xelSekrule-
ba, romelic Seicavda salvatorul daTqmas, rom uwye-
bebis, adgilebis da samsaxurebis dasaxelebebis punqtSi
SeTanxmeba ver moxerxda. es sakmarisi iyo ZiriTadis –
sazRvris gadakveTis mowmobebis mosawesrigeblad. msgav-
si konstruqciis misaRebad upirveles yovlisa, amerike-
lebis Tanxmoba gvWirdeboda.
henrim CemTvis bilderbergis konferenciaze mowveva
gamoagzavnina, romelic amjerad vudstokSi (vermontis
StatSi), pompezur mamulSi imarTeboda. naklebad mainte-
resebda monawileTa myvirala saxelebi – politikis, samxe-
dro sferos da gansakuTrebiT industriis warmomadgen-
lebi, romlebic aTasobiT miliard dolars, funtsa da
germanul markas ganasaxierebdnen. henris Cemi winadadeba
moewona da meore dRes, prezidentTan savaldebulo Se-
Tanxmebis Semdeg, `genialuric~ ki uwoda. Cven fokusSi
movaqcevdiT sam dasavlur seqtors, maT damokidebule-
bas bonTan da daubrkolebel mimosvlas. aravis Sehparvia
eWvi, rom oTx gamarjvebul Zalas hqonda am sakiTxebis
mogvarebis kompetencia, magram or germanul mTavrobas
rom satranzito SeTanxmebisTvis unda mieRwia, romelic
oTx gamarjvebul Zalas erTdroulad unda aemoqmedebi-
na, esec cxadi gaxldaT.
saRamos henrim vietnamze wamoiwyo saubari. brandtma
rom sajarod vnebebi Caacxro, rac sulac ar iyo ioli
116
kambojis xalxTaSorisi samarTlis darRveviT dabombvis
fonze, vaSingtons ar gamohparvia. – namdvili saxelmwi-
fo moRvawea! – Tqva. me mxolod Tavi davuqnie, Tanxmobis
niSnad.
fraza `mTeli berlini~ oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis
xel SekrulebaSi ar unda xsenebuliyo da unda Seecvala
formulas `Sesabamis nawilSi~. henrim daaskvna: `es iqne-
ba yvelaze giJuri molaparakebebi, rac saerTod msme-
nia~. gulze momeSva. miuxedavad imisa, rom temps da mi-
marTulebas Cven vkarnaxobdiT, yvelaze viwro wreSic ki
krinti ar dagviZravs germaniis wamyvani rolis Sesaxeb.
amerikis elCi ken raSi ufro iolad uyurebda am sakiTxs:
`upirveles yovlisa, Tqvens interesebzea saubari. amitom
unda gvixelmZRvanelos kanclerma~.
marTlac didi Sveba iyo, rom 1971 wlis dasawyisSi
falini rainis piras elCad moavlines. Cveni Sexvedrebi
monacvleobiT imarTeboda amerikis da sabWoTa kavSi-
ris rezidenciebSi. elCebis kancleris aparatSi mosvla
TvalSi mosaxvedri iqneboda. mxolod erTxel SevZeli
maTTvis sapasuxo pativiscema federaluri rwmunebulis
saxelmwifo vilaSi, dalemSi, piuklerStraseze. Cia-s ar
gamohparvia da meore dilas raSi aaforiaqes, federalur
rwmunebuls falini stumrobdao. raSma upasuxa – mec iq
viyavio, magram rogorc megobarma, gamafrTxila: `egon,
frTxilad iyavi, giTvalTvaleben~.
Cven gacnobierebuli gvqonda pasuxismgebloba, rom is
rTuli teqstebi, romelTac germanulad vwerdi, ingli-
sur enaze unda SegveTanxmebina, arc falinma da arc me
inglisuri kargad ar vicodiT. raSmac iseve ar icoda ru-
suli, rogorc me, Tumca germanulSi iwafeboda kviridan
kviramde, magram falinis donisTvis ar miuRwevia. ameri-
117
kelebi TiTeul germanul sityvas uamrav sinonims uZeb-
nidnen, es gvexmareboda, magram falinma da me vicodiT,
rom warsuliT datvirTuli es sityvebi bonisa da mos-
kovisTvis, upirveles yovlisa ki vaSingtonisTvis, miuRe-
beli iqneboda. erTmaneTs vafrTxilebdiT, sad gveloda
ufskrulSi gadaCexa, es ki Cven Soris ndobas aRrmavebda.
male saxelebiT mivmarTavdiT erTmaneTs da Sinaurul mi-
marTvaze gadavediT.
dasavleT berlinisa da federaciuli respublikis
urTierTobis gansazRvra Zneli saqme aRmoCnda. sabWoe-
lebma `dasavleT berlinis damoukidebeli erTeulis~
moTxovnaze ki Tqves uari, magram maTTvis diskusias ar
eqvemdebareboda konstituciiT gamagrebuli SeTavazeba,
berlins wodeboda federaciuli respublikis erT-erTi
miwa. arcerT Cvens winadadebas moskovi ar daeTanxma. za-
nem Zveli sabuTebi gadaqeqa da marTlac aRmoaCina, rom
sam gamarjvebul Zalas (safrangeTis gamoklebiT) jer ki-
dev omis dasrulebamde gadaewyvita, berlini ar gamxda-
riyo axali saxelmwifos `konstituciuri nawili~. kenma
momavali dokumenti am sityvebiT Camoayaliba: `rCeba fe-
deraciuli respublikis arakonstituciur nawilad~. fa-
lins Tavisi ministri gaaxsenda da ganavrco: `... da arc
misgan iqneba marTuli~. me ki sakonstitucio sasamarTlo
gamaxsenda: `...da arc momavalSi iqneba misgan marTuli~.
is, rac Cven SevaTanxmeT, oTx gamarjvebul Zalas Tavian-
Ti saelCoebis mrCevlebis xeliT daudes magidaze ameri-
kelebma da sabWoelebma.
erTdroulad ramdenime donisTvis unda gagvewia an-
gariSi: Sida birTvi kenisa da valentinis saxiT, faruli
arxebi vaSingtonTan da moskovTan, kenWisyra berlinis
senatSi da partiebis SigniT, bonSi, da ar unda dagvviwy-
118
eboda gdr. yvelagan vawydebodiT gansxvavebul intere-
sebs, vnebebs, bolo wuTSi Tavidan acilebul Cavardneb sa
da mRelvarebas, romelTac brandti `wvrilmanebs~ uwo-
debda. es yvelaferi istoriis nawilia. Cems mexsiere-
bas SemorCa, rogor maCqarebda xolme. – ar minda, sul
vityuebode, roca Senze mekiTxebian, sad ariso. Tan
brazobda: `am wye ulma gamarjvebulebma keTili inebon
da yvelafrisgan saidumlos nu qmniano~. es maxalisebda,
radgan henris TxovniT niqsonis administracias daexmara,
roca erT-erT interviuSi amerikuli jaris Semcirebis
winaaRmdeg ilaparaka. breJnevs miswera, opoziciis Se-
motevis miuxedavad, ukan ar davixevo da Seaxsena, raoden
mniSvnelovani iyo misTvis, rom dasavleT berlinelebis-
Tvis federaciis pasportebis gacema SegvZleboda.
amasobaSi ulbrixti honekerma Secvala. falinma Se-
matyobina, – axali kaci moskovisTvis ufro sasurveli
partnioriao, Sida germanuli molaparakebebi garTulde-
bao... garda amisa, kancleris meore Sexvedra unda mog-
vemzadebina breJnevTan. maT surdaT seqtemberSi yirimSi
Sexvedrodnen erTmaneTs sami dRiT, raTa konvenciuri
SeiaraRebis Semcirebis saintereso Temaze esaubraT.
gvian gamaxsenda, rom Cveni xelSekruleba sam enaze –
inglisurad, frangulad da rusulad Sevidoda ZalaSi,
magram germanuli variantic saWiro iyo, rom orive ger-
manuli saxelmwifosTvis yofiliyo savaldebulo. ger-
manul-germanulma patara samuSao jgufma TiTqmis asi
gansxvaveba aRmoaCina aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis mier
Sesrulebul TargmanebSi. oTxma Zalam uxalisod gadado
parafireba, magram mainc ase erCivnaT, mere mudmivad maTi
mosagvarebeli gaxdeboda gaugebrobebi. germanelebi ori
punqtis garda, yvelaferze SeTanxmdnen: gdr-ma daiJina,
119
mTel am ambavs `oTxmxrivi SeTanxmeba~ davarqvaTo, Cveni
mxare ki `oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis SeTanxmebaze~ lapa-
rakobda. garTulda inglisuri `ties~ da rusuli `связи~-s
Targmani. orive cneba SeiZleboda gveTargmna rogorc
`bma~ an `kavSiri~. azri gamovTqvi, `uwyebrivi bma~ da
`qalTan kavSiri~ sxvadasxvaa-meTqi, magram uSedegod.
praqtikaSi orive variantma imuSava: dasavleT berlini
isev federacisTan `bmaSi~ cxovrobda, xolo gdr-isTvis
es iyo sabWoTa kavSiris mier garantirebuli `kavSiri~.
daskvniTi fazis aliaqoTSi keni fasdaudebeli aRmoCn-
da, igi saxelmwifo departamentis miTiTebebs arad dagi-
devdaT: TeTr saxls da me ukeT gvesmis, ra igulisxmeba
SeerTebuli Statebis interesebSio. anda, rodesac qris-
tian-demokratiul fraqcias uxsnida, rogori warmate-
ba xvdeboda wilad SeTanxmebas, vinc mxars ar dauWers,
amerikis prezidentis politikas daupirispirdebao. mos-
kovmac gamoiCina sisxarte: gromiko inkognitod Camovi-
da berlinSi, rogorc Cemi arxidan Sevityve, ar undoda,
magram mainc daeTanxma dasavleT berlinelebisTvis fe-
deraluri pasportebis gacemas. germanelebma, rac war-
mogvedgina, mTlianobaSi, gavitaneT. samagierod, sabWoTa
survili davakmayofileT dasavleT berlinSi generaluri
sakonsulos gaxsnis Taobaze.
kenma brandts niqsonis, am arcTu martivi kacis sityve-
bi gadasca: `am kacs SegiZlia endo~. awi Tqvens jgufs `sam
muSketers~ vuwodebo, Cveuli stiliT konvenciuri iara-
Ris Semcirebasac miaRwevTo. amitomac vuTxari kanclers
mogvianebiT, 1974 wlis aprils, momavali wlis bolomde
unda SevaTanxmoT jaris daSlis pirveli xelSekrule-
ba-meTqi, imis rwmeniT, rom istorias gansazRvravs saWi-
ro adamianis yofna saWiro dros da saWiro adgilas.
120
rodesac oTxma Zalam samuSaos dasrulebisas erTx-
mad SesZaxa – `bolo keTilia~ – es iyo sabWoTa kolegis,
piotr abrasimovis erTaderTi wvlili am saqmeSi.
daiwyo zeimi. wamovida milocvebi mTeli msofliodan.
eqvs TveSi mets mivaRwieT, vidre vinme warmoidgenda. yve-
la ise iqceoda, TiTqos saqme dasrulebuli yofiliyo.
arada, jer kidev Camosayalibebeli gvqonda gdr-Tan
tranzituli mimosvlis SeTanxmebis detalebi, risTvisac
wamoviwyeT mTeli es ambavi. gasaocrad uCveulo iyo ndo-
ba, romelic uceb Cems aRmosavleT germanel partniors
mixael kols da me gamogvicxades. da vilim maSin pir-
velad isargebla Sida germanuli mravlobiTi formiT:
`Tqven amas moaxerxebT!~.
121
germanelebis gareSe araferi gamova
(satranzito SeTanxmeba)
ndoba, romelic or did saxelmwifos Soris berlinis mo-
laparakebaTa dros Camoyalibda, bonisa da aRmosav leT
berlinis urTierTobazec aisaxa. sabWoelebi da ameri-
kelebi zrunavdnen, germanelebs tranzitis sakiTxebze
esaubraT, swored maSin, roca oTxi Zalis kontrolis
sabWo awi unda Sekrebiliyo. CemTvis es xelsayreli aR-
moCnda, mixael koli gavicani. hainrix haineStraseze da-
savlelebisTvis gankuTvnili gadasasvleliT vsargeblob-
di, Tumca mxolod Cemi dasavleT berlinuli piradobis
mowmoba mqonda. oficerma gadawyvita, ukan gavebrunebine,
vurCie, saxelmwifo mdivan kols daureke-meTqi. koli
gacofda, provokaciaao, sanam ar vuTxari, federalur
kanclersac dasavleT berlinuli piradobis mowmoba
aqvs-meTqi. netav rogor miudgebodnen dasavleT germa-
niis saxelmwifo vizits aRmosavleT berlinSi? Tanac, me
federaciis rwmunebuli viyavi berlinSi da misi mTavro-
bis SexedulebiT, ukanono uwyebis xelmZRvaneli. Semdeg
Sexvedraze kolma patara piradobis mowmoba gadmomca,
gdr-is ministrTa sabWos mier gacemuli, nomriT 000001,
romelic yvela samsaxurs uTiTebda, misi mflobelisT-
122
vis daxmareba gaewiaT. Tumca arasdros damWirvebia, Cemi
manqana aRarc SeumowmebiaT.
mixael koli da me imTaviTve kmayofilni viyaviT imis
gamo, rom `oTxTa Zalaufleba~ Cvens warmatebas unda da-
lodeboda. garda amisa, falinma Tavisi Sexeduleba gami-
ziara, Seni partniori `wesieri kaciao~. gdr-is saukeTeso
warmomadgeneli gavicani: Wkviani, Tavisi saqmis zedmiwe-
vniT mcodne. Tumca Tavdapirvelad SeboWili da daeWve-
buli. arc iman uSvela, Cemi naTqvami rom miutanes, masTan
SedarebiT gromiko pleiboia-meTqi.
delegaciebi kviraSi or-sam dRes muSaobdnen, xandaxan
SabaT-kvirasac da gvian Ramemde. Tavidan, saRamoobiT,
dasavleT berlinSi vbrundebodi, kols es ar siamovnebda,
mere vilim miTxra, damalobanas TamaSs SeeSvio. xSirad un-
ter den lindenze memkvidre princis sasaxlis fanjridan
ara marto qalaqis SesaniSnavi xediT vtkbebodiT, aramed
brandenburgis karibWesac gavcqerodiT xolme dasavle-
Tisken. Ramis cisken miwvdenili reklamebis anarekli al-
baT aseTive warmodgenas iwvevda aq, aRmosavleTSi, rogo-
ric omis Semdeg Sveicariis monaxulebisas daeufleboda
kacs: gaCaxCaxebuli, mdidruli sanaxaobebiT aRtaceba.
rodesac ulrix zami, qalaqis demokratiulad arCeuli
ukanaskneli meris vaJi da me unter den lindenze vseir-
nobdiT, vityodiT xolme, berlini dedaqalaqad dagvmS-
vendebao. aq Tavs Sin vgrZnobdi, koli ki tiuringiidan
Camosuli iyo.
molaparakebebSi gdr TanamSromlobis suliskveTebas
avlenda, sanam im punqtamde ar mivediT, romelic tran-
zitis borotad sargeblobas gansazRvravda. hqondaT
Springers da Strauss am punqtiT sargeblobis ufleba?
an maT, vinc gdr-is SexedulebiT, aqauroba aralegalu-
123
rad datova? arcerTi qveyana ar ambobs uars dezertire-
bis daWerazeo, aRSfoTeba gamoxata kolma. dasavleTis
Zalebis warmomadgenelTa azriT, omis damnaSaveebis mier
satranzito gziT gamoyenebas gdr-s ver Sehkadrebdnen.
didi xani dagvWirda, sanam Sedegs mivaRwieT: tranzitul
zonaSi vinc aRmoCndeboda, misi datovebis uflebac unda
hqonoda. visac ukan ar gaabrunebdnen, daubrkoleblad
gaagrZelebdnen gzas. dezertirs gdr-is uwyebebi saer-
Tod ar SeuSvebdnen. cota mogvianebiT `respublikidan
gaqceulebsac~ ki misces tranzitiT sargeblobis Tavisu-
fleba. sanam Cveni SeTanxmeba muSaobda, maSasadame, germa-
niis gaerTianebamde, arcerTxel ar gamxdara oTxi Zalis
gamoZaxeba saWiro, raTa or germanul mTavrobas Soris
dapirispireba moegvarebinaT.
monacvleobiT vTaTbirobdiT saministroebis SenobaSi
da kancleris aparatSi da yvelis vaWrebiviT vdaobdiT, ra
unda yofiliyo satranzito gadasaxadis erTjeradi safa-
suri, rom mere aRaravin SeeCerebinaT, SeemowmebinaT da
iqve gadaxdac ar moeTxovaT. SevTanxmdiT yovelwliurad
234,9 milion germanul markaze. koli marTali aRmoCnda,
mimosvla gaizrdebao: giunter gauzs 400 milionis gadax-
da mouwia, helmut kols ki 800 milioni germanuli markis.
mixael kolTan da zamTan bonSi erT-erTi molaparake-
bis dros Sematyobines, rom brandts nobelis premia mie-
niWa mSvidobis dargSi. Jan monem waradginao. rogorc ki
gavacnobiere, ramxela ambavi iyo, mominda megobrisTvis
mimeloca. kabinetis wevrebi kancleris aparatSi Sekre-
biliyvnen. Silerma ramdenime saqebari sityva warmoTqva.
brandti mis win idga. damagvianda, Tan araswori karidan
Sevedi da brandtis zurgs ukan aRmovCndi, ganuwyvetliv
iTvlida ceraTi danarCen oTx TiTs. kancleris kabinetSi
124
gadamexvia da miTxra: `am premiaSi wvlili gaqvs da oslo-
Si unda wamoxvide CemTan erTado~.
satranzito molaparakebebis paralelurad mimdinare
rTuli specialuri molaparakebebi dasavleT berlinis
senatsa da gdr-s Soris, maT Soris, dasavleT berline-
lebis mier `mosazRvre adgilebis~ monaxulebis Temaze,
sul cota, koordinacias moiTxovda. nobelis premiis
gadacemis dRes, 10 dekembers, oslodan norvegielma me-
gobrebma ikiTxes, meore dRes berlinSi parafireba Tu
moxerxdebao. vaxSmisas miviReT cnoba da amovisunTqeT:
senati dainiSna aT saaTze. kols davukavSirdi da TerT-
metze davuTqvi Sexvedra. vilimac Sveba igrZno da momi-
loca. meore dilas luftvafes TviTmfrinaviT CavediT
SionefeldSi. saministroebis SenobaSi moxda parafireba.
Semdeg dasavleT berlinSi preskonferencia mmarTvel
merTan, SiutcTan erTad. davbrundiT aRmosavleT ber-
linSi. luftvafes ekipaJi aRfrTovanebuli dagvxvda:
samoqalaqo tansacmelSi Cveni ucxo dedaqalaqi daeTva-
lierebinaT. gavfrindiT bonSi, pres-konferenciaze, vert-
mfreniT wavediT kioln-vanSi, gadavfrindiT stokholmSi,
gavemgzavreT sastumroSi da rvas wuTiRa uklda, roca
smokingebSi gamowyobilebma, Cveuli sizustiT, SevabijeT
federaluri kanclerisadmi miZRvnil gala-vaxSamze. 1971
wlis 11 dekemberi marTlac saocrad datvirTuli dRe
aRmoCnda.
mixael kolma da me TviTonve gamovcadeT piradi `gar-
daqmna daaxloebis gziT~ da Zalianac gvsiamovnebda. pa-
tara ambavi ar iyo, rom omis Semdeg, pirvelad SevZeliT
dasavleT germaniasa da dasavleT berlins Soris samoqa-
laqo mimosvlis samarTlebrivi safuZvlis Seqmna. skan-
dalurad mimaCnda faqti, rom dasavleTs aTwleulebis
125
ganmavlobaSi arcerTxel ar mouTxovia es. SevaTanxmeT
Cven-Cveni mTavrobebis werilebi, romliTac TiTeul me-
kavSires ecnobeboda molaparakebis Sedegi, raTa igi Za-
laSi SeeyvanaT. roca oTxi Zalis misamarTiT werilebs
vayalibebdiT, romliTac orive germanuli saxelmwifo
gaeroSi miRebas iTxovda, orives gvecineboda, radgan,
yvela gansxvavebis miuxedavad, vercerTi qveyana suvere-
nuli ver gaxda, aramed aRiarebdnen, rom oTxi gamarjve-
buli Zalis xelSeuvali uflebebi isev moqmedebda. magram
ar gamkvirvebia, rom damarcxebulebs, gamarjvebulebTan
erTad, gadawyvetilebis miReba SegveZlo, rogorc es ewe-
ra amerikelebis rwmunebaTa werilSi.
1971 wlis Sobis dReebSi, rodesac dasavleT da aRmo-
savleT berlins Soris mimosvla Seferxda, kols avuxse-
ni, gdr-is mTavroba amaze pasuxismgebeli ar aris-meTqi.
man SemomiTvala, honekeri darwmunda, rom xisti, magram
samarTliani xaro. leom moskovs daudastura honekeris
es naTqvami, rac momavalSi sasargeblo aRmoCnda. bed-
nieri viyavi, rom dasavleT berlinis kunZuli `xmeleTs~
miuaxlovda da misi mosaxleoba daubrkoleblad imog-
zaurebda. brandtma Seasrula danapirebi, bonidan ber-
linisTvis metis gakeTebas SevZlebo.
upirveles yovlisa, orive vacnobierebdiT: omis Semd-
gom istoriaSi gardamtexi niSnuli davsviT. germaniis
mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze oTxi gamarjvebuli Zala ori
germaniis mTavrobebis gareSe veRarafers gadawyvetda.
maSin daibada modeli `oTxi plus ori~, romlidanac oci
wlis Semdeg iSva `ori plus oTxi~. koli da me vTanxmde-
bodiT, rom oTxi Zala isev aucilebeli gaxdeboda, ro-
desac saqme samSvidobo xelSekrulebaze midgeboda. Cven
aRar viyaviT sxvaTa xelis Semyureni, SegveZlo Cveni in-
126
teresebisTvis gvemuSava. mokled: saqmeSi CaverTeT. aseve
veTanxmebodi kolis Tvalsazriss, rom unda dagvemTavre-
bina civi omi bundeversa da gdr-is erovnul armias So-
ris: jaris radiosadguri, sazRvarze ganTavsebuli re-
produqtorebi Tu proklamaciebiT daxunZluli sahaero
burTebi 1972 wlis 1 ivlisis Semdeg aRar arsebobda – yo-
velgvari werilobiTi SeTanxmebis gareSe. molaparakeba
arcerT mxares ar daurRvevia.
erToblivi Zalisxmevis Sedegad, romlis monapovaric
iyo Sem deg satranzito SeTanxmebis da romlis parafire-
ba 1971 wlis 17 dekembers moxda, davTqviT, rom muSaobas
gavagrZelebdiT satransporto xelSekrulebaze da 1972
wlis 20 ianvars isev SevxvdebodiT. yovelive amis Sesaxeb
brandtis komentari: `SegviZlia kmayofilebi viyoT, gaer-
Tianebis saqmeSi Setanili Cveni wvlilis gamo~. SorsmW-
vretel brandts Cveni saboloo mizani Tvalwin edga.
127
yvelaferi an araferi
albaT wyalobaa, rom adamianebs ar ZaluZT TavianTi mo-
mavlis ganWvreta. Tavisuflebas ver dagegmav, maSinve
miawydebi gadaulaxav zRvars, roca Semdegi dRis gan-
sazRvras Seecdebi. momavali Taobis gulubryvilo Ta-
vdajerebaa, ukan mixedvisas Secdomebs rom aRmoaCens
warsulSi, romelsac veRar Secvli, arada, am Secdomebs
Tavadac dReniadag imeorebs. bunebam dagvwyevla, rom ar
SegviZlia gamocdileba memkvidreobad gadavceT.
brandtma 1962 wels harvardis leqciebSi aRmosavle-
Tisa da dasavleTis gardauval Tanaarsebobas `iZulebi-
Ti gabeduleba~ uwoda. swored aseTad iqca misTvis 1972
weli. konstruqciuli undoblobis votumis winaaRmdeg
kanclerobis SenarCunebas umravlesobis dakargva mohy-
va, arCevnebSi gamarjvebis triumfs – piradi marcxi. am
gamowvevebis fonze mxolod mas SeeZlo gadarCena, visac
brZolis kataklizmebSi orientacia ar daukargavs da
eyo Zala, udrekad mihyoloda sakuTar rwmenas. es iyo
weliwadi, romlis ganmavlobaSic germaniis federaluri
kancleri saerTaSoriso wuxilis centrSi idga, vaSingto-
nidan moskovamde, honekeris CaTvliT, SeinarCunebda Tu
ara posts da rogor SeiZleboda daxmarebodnen.
am sabediwero wlis dasawyisSi mniSvnelovani iyo or
germanul saxelmwifos Soris xelSekrulebis proeqti,
128
romelic pirvel ratifikacias eloda. satransporto
xelSekrulebas yvela germanelisTvis unda gaeiolebi-
na mogzauroba, dasavleT berlinelebis CaTvliT. Cven
am xelSekrulebas vuyurebdiT rogorc models, romlis
mixedviTac gdr aRiqmeboda rogorc saxelmwifo, Tavi-
si gansakuTrebuli urTierTobebiT federaciul respu-
blikasTan. amave dros, gvaeWvebda, saerTod moaxerxeb-
da Tu ara federaluri mTavroba moskovisa da varSavis
xelSekrulebebis ratificirebas, radgan bundestagSi
umravlesobas wyali Sesdgomoda. rac ufro axlovde-
boda bundestagSi kenWisyra opoziciis mier undoblo-
bis gamocxadebis Taobaze, miT ufro icvlida jer kidev
dausrulebeli satransporto xelSekruleba politikur
elfers: xom ar gadaiqceoda igi mimosvlis mosalodneli
gamartivebis gamo instrumentad, romelic aRmosavleTis
xelSekrulebebs da oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis SeTanxmebe-
bs saparlamento barierebis gadalaxvas gauiolebda?
slava da leo Relavdnen. breJnevis prestiJi da bonis
mimarT misi axali politika idga gamocdis win. mravali
kviris ganmavlobaSi vawvdidi maT mdgomareobis realur
suraTs da ratificirebis Sansebs ormocdaaTi-ormoc-
daaTze vafasebdi. breJnevma ruseTis germanelebis did
jgufs misca qveynidan gasvlis ufleba, magram qdk/qsk
gaerTianebis arcerTi deputatisTvis ar qceula es faq-
ti poziciis Secvlis sababad. koli uxeSad SeewinaaRmdega
Cems winadadebas, satranzito SeTanxmeba sacdeli vadiT
agvemoqmedebina: `arc ki moviazrebT, axal federalur
kancler barcels aseTi ZRveni mivarTvaT, magram Tu yve-
laferi CaiSleba, `gamyinvareba~ gvelodeba. mere ki isev
SegviZlia guliT SeviginoT~. Tumca, dameTanxma, rom Se-
Tanxmebis `droebiTi gamoyeneba~ SesaZlebelia miuRwe-
129
veli `ZalaSi Seyvanis~ sanacvlod. Semdeg mkiTxa, hone-
kerTan xom ar ginda saubario. niu iorkisa da moskovis
Semdeg, mesamed gamovcade ritorikuli kiTxvis meTodi.
mosamzadeblad im erTaderT kacs mivadeqi bonSi, vinc
honekers omis wina periodis zaarlandidan icnobda. her-
bert venerma mokled momiWra: `xelze sisxli ar scxia~. am
Sefasebas daveyrdeni da arc minania. aRmosavleT berlin-
Si Sevxvdi Cia kacs, Cemze dabali iyo, fermkrTali, ga-
daWimuli saxis kaniT da fxizeli mzeriT. yava rom damis-
xa, uxerxuloba gauqra. amovisunTqe, radgan ar ukiTxavs,
xval bundestagSi ra moxdebao. maSinve saqmeze gadavida
da dameTanxma, `roca saWiro iqneba~, berlini satrans-
porto xelSekrulebaSi CaerTvebao, rasac koli ewinaaR-
mdegeboda. is ki ara, ukeTesi formulac ki SemomTavaza,
magram uari ganvucxade. kolma mogvianebiT aRniSna: `amas
yovelTvis dagifasebTo~.
honekerTan saubars mohyva didi gardatexa. dasavleT
germanelebs ara mxolod naTesavebis, aramed nacnobebis
monaxulebac unda SesZlebodaT. saCuqrebisTvis dawese-
buli zRvaric gaizarda. nebadarTuli gaxda turistuli
mogzaurobebi, maT Soris, sakuTari avtomobiliTac. ga-
daudebel SemTxvevebSi ioldeboda, asakis zRvaris miuxe-
davad, ojaxebis gamTlianebis SesaZlebloba. jer ver be-
davda, dasavleTSi wamsvlelTa asakobrivi zRvari daewia.
Cveni saubari iyo wyaro, romelic xan farTovdeboda, xan
viwrovdeboda, magram milionobiT adamianis nakadad iqca.
`Cven mzad varT, am gzas davadgeT~, dameTanxma honeke-
ri, `gvsurs, iseve davZraT saqme, rogorc poloneTis da
CexeTis SemTxvevaSi, ar mivabaT vizitis ufleba garkveul
olqebs, gavzardoT sastumroebis moculoba Tqveni mo-
qalaqeebisTvis~. misi mxridan aseve dasZina – procesi
130
kontrols unda eqvemdebarebodeso. CemTvis cxadi iyo
yvelaferi, magram verc mimosvlis SezRudva da verc
saeWvo kampaniebi gaTiSvis Sesaxeb, ver SeaCerebda gdr-is
moqalaqeebis ltolvas dasavleTisaken.
Tu yvelaferi kargad iqna, mzad var, or saxelmwifos
Soris principuli urTierTobebi movagvaroTo, Sempirda
honekeri. amitom gTxoveT gvwveodiT, rom es gvecnobebina
TqvenTviso. es naTqvami mTeli darCenili wlisTvis mniSv-
nelovani aRmoCnda. somxur koniaks vsvamdiT... brandtTan
da vernerTan mokiTxva damabara.
arc satransporto xelSekrulebas da arc honekeris
dapirebebs bonSi ZalauflebisTvis gaCaRebuli mxurvale
brZolisTvis mniSvneloba ar SeuZenia. brandtis Tavdaje-
rebuli pozicia, dasavleTidan da aRmosavleTidan keTil-
ganwyobilTa daxmarebas miviRebdiT, gamarTlda. mogebuli
kenWisyris dRes bevrma miuloca. vaSingtonisa da moskovis
mxardaWera ki soliduri da sando aRmoCnda. 1972 wlis ga-
zafxulzeve gamoikveTa saerTaSoriso mzaoba, SenarCune-
buliyo social-liberaluri koalicia da grZelvadian
perspeqtivaSi eTanamSromlaT masTan.
axla umTavresi aRmosavleTis xelSekrulebebis rati-
ficireba gaxldaT. qveynisTvis umniSvnelovanes sakiTxSi
opoziciis fraqciis mier Tavis Sekavebas brandtma iro-
niulad `sindisisgan Tavis Sekaveba~ uwoda. opoziciis
lideris, rainer barcelis tragediaa, rom swored misi
fraqciis TavSekavebam moutana xmaTa umravlesoba am sa-
kiTxs da gza gauxsna moskovisa da varSavis xelSekrule-
bebis, agreTve, satransporto xelSekrulebis ratifi-
cirebas, rac daubrkoleblad ganxorcielda 17 da 26
maiss. oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis xelmoweriT satranzi-
to SeTanxmeba ZalaSi Sevida. magram kancleris aparatSi
131
mainc arasasurveli ganwyoba sufevda. mas Semdeg, rac
Tavisufali demokratebis sami da social-demokratebis
erTi wevri qdk/qsk gaerTianebis banakSi gadabargdnen,
koaliciam umravlesoba dakarga. brandti ndobis votumis
dayenebas fiqrobda. emke emxroboda, me – ara. `kancleri,
romelsac biujets ar daumtkiceben, samsjavroze unda
wardges~, daiJina brandtma. me sxva argumentebiT davu-
sabuTe: `barceli es-esaa Zirs gaiSota. Sen ratom unda
mihyve mas?~ patis mdgomareobis SemTxvevaSi, mTavro-
bas Widaoba ar unda daewyo. saRamos, kabinetis sxdoma-
ze brandtma gaicina: `yvela qveyanas sWirdeba mTavroba.
am qveyanas hyavs mTavroba. mSvenieria~. ase gaikvala gza
vadamdeli arCevnebisken.
1972 wlis ivlisSi gadmogvces breJnevis vrceli we-
rili brandtisadmi, miniSnebiT, rom gdr cdilobda mos-
kovTan Cveni urTierTobebi gaerTulebina. werili erT
saintereso informacias Seicavda: `barceli da Strausi
iTxoven kontaqts. Strauss uari eTqva, sanam pozicias
sajarod ar Seicvlis. barceli ki, romelic xazgasmiT
adasturebda, patiosnad vecade xelSekruleba miRebuli
yofiliyo, magram Cems Zalebs aRematebodao, Svebulebis
dawyebamde iTxovda Sexvedras. ar daveTanxmeT. am sakiTxi-
sadmi uaryofiTi damokidebulebis SemTxvevaSi kontaqti
ver Sedgeba. Cemi azriT, am arguments igi ver moedaveba~.
wamyvani opoziciuri liderebis poziciis ase moulodne-
li cvlileba, Cavardnili ndobis votumidan mxolod sami
Tvis Semdeg, namdvilad sakvirveli iyo.
opoziciis saeWvo poziciis miuxedavad, arCevnebis Se-
degi Ria iyo. ramdenime social-demokratma daiJina, aR-
mosavleTis politikis radikalurobam da sulswrafobam
migviyvana am mdgomareobamdeo; orive unda SevaneloTo.
132
magram koalicias TiTqmis misionerulad sjeroda, rom
Cveni qveynisTvis sasargeblo da saWiro saqmes akeTebda.
am rwmenas yvela iziarebda – Seelis, veneris da emkes
CaTvliT. am pozicias pativs scemdnen adamianebi, maSin,
roca sazogadoeba Tanxmdeboda, rom es koalicia arCe-
vnebs veRar moigebda. yvelafer amas isic daemata, rom
kargi saxelis mqone ekonomikis ministri Sileric `gadax-
ta~ da qilikis sababi misca mowinaaRmdeges, netav ramdeni
amomrCeveli wahyveba Silerso.
kancleris kabinetSi brandti, veneri da me gdr-Tan
molaparakebebis gagrZelebaze vmsjelobdiT. venerma wi-
nadadeba wamoWra, satransporto xelSekrulebis modelis
mixedviT Tvidan Tvemde sxva xelSekrulebebic davdoT
sxvadasxva sferoSi da opozicia yovel jerze davayenoT
arCevanis winaSeo. me sabaziso xelSekrulebas vemxrobodi,
romelic or saxelmwifos Soris urTierTobas srulyof-
da. vilim misTvis Cveuli maneriT Tqva: `gaagrZeleT msje-
loba~. misi manqanisken rom gavemarTeT, `biZas~ avuxseni,
rom mimdinare molaparakebebis Sesaxeb mudmivi informa-
cia ufro efeqturad gamoCndeboda sazogadoebaSi. aman
gadaarwmuna: `egre vqnaT. uTxari vilis~.
koalicia SeTanxmda, rom 19 noembers Catardeboda
bundestagis vadamdeli arCevnebi. koli da me mivxvdiT,
rom yovlismomcveli sabaziso xelSekruleba, romelic
fostis sakiTxidan kulturamde yvelafers moawesrigeb-
da, orive mxarisTvis sasurvel vadebSi SeuZlebeli iyo
mogveswro. ase da amgvarad iqca sabaziso xelSekrule-
ba sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebad, romelic ori
saxelmwifos Tanaarsebobis CarCos moawesrigebda, sanam
es saxelmwifoebi iarsebebdnen.
133
megobris gansacdeli
mowmendil caze mexis gavardnas hgavda, atirebulma ruT-
ma rom damireka da miTxra: vili isea, veRar daelaparake-
bio. noemberSi icoda xolme, Tavs cota xniT ganmartoe-
bis uflebas miscemda, rom dawynarebuliyo da Zalebi
moekriba. mudmivi wnexisgan unda gaTavisuflebuliyo.
mere mTeli weli sruli datvirTviT muSaobda Semdeg
noembramde. am movlenas depresiul fazad afasebdnen
da, nawilobriv, asec iyo. magram brandti depresiuli
adamiani ar yofila, piriqiT. visac gansakuTrebiT ma-
Ral Tanamdebobaze umuSavia industriis, kulturis da
politikis dargSi da srulad ar gauxeSebula, misTvis
nacnobia Cumi, mRrRneli TviTgamokvlevis faza. brand-
tisnair mgrZnobiare adamianze es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis.
mis Zlier mxares warmoadgenda Zalebis swrafi aRdgenis
unari. magram jer zafxuli idga da amitom iyo es ambavi
sagangaSo.
vili Cabnelebul oTaxSi iwva. `arafris xalisi aRar
maqvs~. cudi niSania, roca pasuxismgeblobiT moqmedeb
da da tvirTs xalisiT veRar atareb. mis laparakSi far-
xmlis dayra sibrazes erwymoda. varaudobda, rom emke
iyo ambis gatanis wyaro, razec veneri da Smidti sayve-
durobdnen. venerTan araferi gamodis, Smidtma ki viTom
134
megobruli da Tan sazizRari werili momwerao. fraq-
ciaSi ukmayofileba sufevs, radgan lideris rols ver
vasrulebo. emke, rogorc kancleris aparatis ufrosi,
ise iqceva, TiTqos Tavadaa mTavari da kancleris arse-
bobas iTmenso. partias qveynis marTvis unari aRar aqv-
so. Seeli ki misi saministros dawvrilmanebis gamo ukve
gavafrTxile, kremli saolqo sasamarTlo xom ar ggo-
nia-meTqi. Tavs vanebeb yvelaferso: `ar gaamarTla Cem-
ma meTodma, rom brZanebebs ar gavcem da adamianebs ise
vepyrobi, rogorc adamianebs~. misi survili, `davamTavro
da yvelaferi mivyaro~, sabednierod, ver Sesruldeboda,
radgan federaluri prezidenti sazRvargareT imyofebo-
da.
vakvirdebodi ra brandtis cxovrebis gzas, vxedav-
di adamians, romelic mudmivi wnexis qveS imyofeboda.
es vrceldeboda axalgazrda brandtzec da emigrant
brandtzec. da miTumetes deputatze, mmarTvel merze,
partiis Tavmjdomareze da kanclerobis mravalgzis kan-
didatze, sagareo saqmeTa ministrze da bolos federa-
lur kanclerze. pasuxismgeblobasTan erTad emateboda
unari, gaeZlo wnexisTvis. magram TiToeuli ufro didi
da yovlismomcveli pasuxismgebloba aiZulebda SesaZle-
blobebis sul axal-axal zRvars miaxloveboda da mT-
lianad gadawvdomoda kidec. rodis, rogor da sad unda
gantvirTuliyo mudmivi daZabulobisgan?
am mwvave kiTxvas mivyavdi martiv pasuxamde, rom unda
daesvena. Cveni TanamSromlobis dawyebidan Zalian male
mTeli erTi kvira gavatareT tunisis kunZul jerbaze,
nangrevebSi romaul monetebs veZebdiT, davaTvaliereT
qveynis yvelaze Zveli sinagoga da uzomod bevri vWameT
gubernatoris sadilze. sanapiroze seirnobisas vilim
135
uceb gaixada da vikingiviT gadaeSva wyalSi. CemTvis wy-
ali civi iyo. aseTi udardeli momentebi samociani wle-
bis dasawyisSic ganvicadeT meqsikis yureSi. vilis, Cr-
diloeT germaniis da skandinaviis wylebSi rom eswavla
Tevzaoba, iqac mounda. Sua zRvaSi ankesis gadagdeba ar
icoda. Cvenma Tanmxlebma pirebma maSinve wamoiyvires,
Toks xeli gauSvi, Torem TiTebs wagawyvets, Tevzi Tu
wamoegoo. rogorc axalbedam, yvelaze didi Tevzi me da-
viWire da vilis davuTme, maSinve foto gadaiRo. patara
biWebiviT gavlaRdiT. icoda, rom problemebiT ar Se-
vawuxebdi. sxvaTa Soris, arc xanmokle Sesvenebebis dros
da arc samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg Semiwuxebia raimeTi,
magaliTad, roca gerhard cverencis wignze `patara kaci
omsa da mSvidobaSi~ vlaparakobdiT da vxalisobdiT.
Svebulebisas ar vnaxulobdi, Tumca, kancleris Sve-
buleba mxolod da mxolod samuSao adgilis sxvagan ga-
datanas niSnavda. Cemi megobris cxovrebis arsi politi-
ka gaxldaT. ar davinteresebulvar, ojaxTan gatarebuli
dro mokle intervalebisgan Sedgeboda Tu xangrZlivi
periodebisgan. arc esiamovneboda aseTi kiTxvebi. gvqon-
da salaRobo wuTebic, magaliTad, roca brandti kabine-
tis sxdomis Semdeg SegvekiTxeboda xolme gantvirTvis
mizniT: `vin icis kargi anekdoti?~
1972 wels rom es krizisi dadga, sxvaTa Soris, ver-
cerTma gareSe pirma ver igrZno. brandts Zala da princi-
puloba im mSfoTvare wlis bolomde eyo. mtkice xasiaTi
hqonda. icoda Tavisi araCveulebrivi unarebis Sesaxeb
da uwyoda sakuTari mniSvneloba Cveni eris winaSe am al-
baT gansakuTrebul istoriul situaciaSi. am cnobiere-
bis, mokrZalebulobis da siamayis gamo isurva, rom misi
saflavis qvaze waeweraT: `igi ecada~.
136
dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs
Soris ndobis zrda
seqtembris dasawyisSi henri kisinjeri miunxenis olim-
piur TamaSebze Camovida, rom kanclers Sexvedroda.
Cvens urTierTobas TiTqmis guliTads uwodebdiT. yve-
laferze operatiulad da zustad gvayenebdnen saqmis
kursSi – iqneboda es moskovSi Sexvedrebi, niqsonTan
erTad pekinSi viziti Tu amerikuli jaris vietnamidan
gayvanis statusi. miunxenSi ar gveguleboda oTaxi, sa-
dac mosmenas ver SeZlebdnen, amitom amerikelebma hen-
ris sastumro oTaxi saguldagulod aRWurves da sandod
miiCnies. Sedegad, germaniis kancleri, usafrTxoebis sa-
kiTxebSi amerikel mrCevels iqiT eaxla. henrim brandts
gauziara gegma, romlis mixedviTac niqsons da breJnevs
vladivostokSi xelSekruleba unda daedoT erTmaneTis
winaaRmdeg atomuri iaraRis argamoyenebaze, Sesabami-
sad, sakuTari teritoriebis dacvaze. es ar exeboda Ci-
neTs, axlo aRmosavleTsa da evropas. brandti da me ukve
didi xania vvaraudobdiT, rom orive super-saxelmwifos
sasicocxlo interesi, xelSeuxebeli gaexadaT maTTvis
wminda teritoriebi da, Sesabamisad, gadarCeniliyvnen,
saqme saqmeze Tu midgeboda, evropas gadaaqcevda mcire
atomuri iaraRis sacdel poligonad. axla ki es scenari
137
xelSekrulebad unda qceuliyo, raTa ufro masStaburi
atomuri safrTxe SeemcirebinaT, rac namdvilad dadebi-
Tad aisaxeba evropazeco.
henris germaniis kancleris reaqciis mosinjva un-
doda. brandti daeTanxma, Tuki natos valdebulebebi
ucvleli darCebao. xazgasmiT gamokveTa Tavisi mosazre-
ba, gadarCenis erTaderTi Sansi mSvidobiani Tanacxovre-
baao. am realobis paragrafebSi mosaqcevad federaluri
respublika aSS-s mxars dauWerso. vaSingtonsa da moskovs
Soris urTierTobebis ganmuxtva germaniisTvisac xel-
sayreliao. ndoba SenarCunda. `arxiT komunikaciisasac~
ki ar xsenebula arasdros kisinjersa da brandts Soris
damuSavebuli sakiTxi, aramed yovelTvis mivaniSnebdiT
`mxolod kanclerisTvis gankuTvnil informaciaze~.
am ganzomilebis pirispir germanul-germanuli sa-
kiTxebi erTi cicqna Canda, magram CvenTvis, bunebrivia,
es ase ar iyo. brandti miunxenSi darCa, roca `Savma se-
qtemberma~ israelis gundze TavdasxmiT bolo mouRo
mxiarul TamaSebs. man federalur prezident hainemanTan
erTad miiRo olimpiuri TamaSebis gagrZelebis gadawyve-
tileba.
bonSi honekeris piradi gzavnili miviRe. mTavazobda,
miuxedavad siZneleebisa, davaCqaroT molaparakebebio
da mamcnobda mzaobas, kidev erTxel SevxvdeT pirispi-
ro. brandtTan SesaTanxmebeli dro aRar mrCeboda. ga-
vfrindi berlinSi da gzaSi stenografiulad Camovwere
xuTi punqti, romelsac honekers warvudgendi, rogorc
kancleris gzavnils. rodesac Semdeg saRamos vilis misi
saxeliT naTqvami es punqtebi miunxenSi wavukiTxe, gai-
cina: `madloba RmerTs, ase giTqvams. ase mZafrad me ver
vityodio~.
138
pirispir Sexvedra Sedga arsebiT sakiTxebze, ramac,
ori Tvis Semdeg, sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebis
damTavreba gaaiola. Tanamemamules saintereso eman si-
pi re bul Jestad CavuTvale SeniSvna, rom sahaero kori-
dorebs daicavda da momavalSi germanul-germanul sahae-
ro mimosvlaze davdebdiT xelSekrulebas. amaze adre mec
mifiqria. Tumca saqme rom ar gamovida, arc gdr-is bra-
li iyo da arc gromikosi, aramed dasavleTis sami Zalis
sahaero ataSeebis, romelTac Cvens gegmas maTi monopo-
listi kompaniebis interesebis gamo mxari ar dauWires.
arcerT sxva Temaze ar gamouxatavs honekers Tavisi
azri ase dawvrilebiT da mravalwaxnagovnad, rogorc
eris sakiTxze. `xeli ar moewereba arcerT xelSekrule-
bas, sadac ewereba `eris erToba~ an `qveynis gaerTianeba~,
aRniSna man. arcerTi Cveni mokavSire ar emxroba germaniis
gaerTianebaso. orive mxares `aweven xels, es sityvebi Tu
gaigoneso~. orive saxelmwifo erTad ekonomikurad zed-
metad gaZlierdebao. Semdeg mamcno, `yvela mowyobilobas
davSli, romlebic aqamde gfr-is Sida saqmeebSi ereodao~.
imaves ver moiTxovda bonisgan – man icoda konstituciiT
dadgenili sazRvrebi – magram mniSvnelobas aniWebda sity-
vas `Caurevloba~, romelic saxelmwifoTa Soris urTier-
Tobis elementarul princips gulisxmobda~. `samSvidobo
xelSekrulebis~ Tema `droebiT~ daviviwyoT molaparake-
bebisaso: `samSvidobo xelSekruleba ar gaformdeba. es
ukve viciT, iqneb boloSi CavweroT es fraza. – ar vici~.
honekerma gamWriaxoba, gadawyvetilebis miRebis unari
da meti kompetencia gamoavlina, vidre zogierTma Cvenma
maRalCinosanma bonSi. mis gareSe Sidagermanuli daaxloe-
ba ver ganxorcieldeboda. gasaocaria, rogor Secda,
139
rom egona, sazRvrebis gavleba da daaxloeba erTdrou-
lad aRsruldeboda. rogorc mas moeqcnen gaerTianebis
Semdeg, namdvilad ar aris saamayo.
gamomSvidobebisas brandtTan da venerTan damabara
mokiTxva da dasZina, zaarlandSi veneris qveSevrdomi
viyavio; siamovebiT Sevxvdebodi kidev erTxel `mis vel-
zeo~. bonSi `biZam~ amoisunTqa da vilisaviT gaixara, awi
molaparakebebis bolomde miyvanas rom SevZlebdiT.
ministrTa kabinetSi Smidti erT ambavSi iyo, gveyofa
baris amdeni qebao; mas, rogorc moxeles, isedac zomaze
metad aqcevs yuradRebas presa da televiziao. ar vici,
es kritika iyo Tu ara vilis moulodneli SemoTavazebis
mizezi, rodesac miTxra, bundestagis mandatisTvis unda
ibrZoloo: `Seni megobari helmuti fiqrobs, rom par-
tiaSi Seni dawinaurebaa saWiro~. garda amisa, mandati ar
gawyens, Tu arCevnebs wavagebTo. Smidtis SeniSvna exeboda
Cems miznad dasaxul Sedegs, romliTac veners varwmuneb-
di, pirdapir sabaziso xelSekrulebaze gadavideT-meTqi.
kolTan Sexvedrebma samocs gadaaWarba da saqmes bolo
jer kidev ar uCanda.
koaliciis saTaveSi moqceul jgufSi urTierToba me-
gobruli gaxldaT. Seelma emkes TandaswrebiT moswrebu-
lad SeniSna: `kolega emke TiTqmis yvela problemas Wris,
romelTac Tavad qmnis~. kancleris aparatis Sefi, Wkvia-
ni da efeqturi TanamSromeli, TavganwirviT uSverda
mkerds kanclerisaTvis gankuTvnil isrebs... garda amisa,
igi meTvalyureobda saidumlo samsaxurebs. horsts rom
maincdamainc Cexi qali Seuyvarda, sasixarulo da pikan-
turi ambavi iyo. magram RamRamobiTac xom unda dagvesve-
na, es ki Cemi xelSewyobiT xdeboda. erTmaneTs vcvlidiT
140
xolme da SeTanxmebulebi viyaviT, romelimes Tu gagvi-
tacebdnen (maSin mosalodneli iyo), pirdapir mivaWridiT
megobarTan. aRtacebuli viyavi, rogor Tavdauzogavad
SeeZlo muSaoba hotes, rogorc mas veZaxdiT. gavecani im
uzarmazar samuSaos, romelic Cemi sagareo politikuri
saqmianobis miRma arsebobda. koaliciis Sida politikuri
warmatebebi ar iyo ise gaxmaurebuli, rogoradac ekuT-
vnoda. kancleris aparatisadmi gamovlenili Suri ga-
sakviri ar unda yofiliyo.
rodesac bundestagis mandatisTvis brZolaze Tanx-
moba ganvacxade, vilim ioxen StefenTan gamiSva. Slez-
vig-holStainis Tavmjdomare suliT xorcamde memarcxe-
ne demokrati gaxldaT, romelic veranair komunisturad
Seferil tendencias ver guobda, rogorsac, magaliTad,
hamburgSi vawydebodiT. misi sityvebi `aseTi kvercxisTa-
va gvWirdeba~ kmaroda, rom federalur miwaze siis pir-
vel nomrad averCie. ukve mimdinare molaparakebebsa da
Sexvedrebs orSabaTobiT qveynis ukidures CrdiloeTSi
saarCevno olqSi vizitebic daemata. madlobeli viyavi,
rom partiis adgilobriv organizacias Cemi da Cemi bo-
nuri saqmeebis esmoda, maTi nawili xom namdvilad ar ga-
moxatavda mkafio memarcxene pozicias. `wiTelma ioxenma~
amixsna, rom birTvuli energiis mSvidobiani gamoyeneba
bolos da bolos gzas gauxsnis energetikis probleme-
bis sufTad gadaWris perspeqtivaso. amgvarad aRmovCn-
diT progresis saTaveSi. maSin viswavle is, rac mTeli
cxovreba memaxsovreba: politika kvalSi udgas mecnie-
rebas, maSinac, roca is axal safrTxeebs aRmoaCens, maga-
liTad Cernobilis an fukuSimas Semdeg gamosxivebiani
narCenebis gatanisas. ganaxlebadi energiis SemTxvevaSic
141
ase iqneba. politikis keTili ganzraxva, Tan prevenciuli
da Tan uwyveti gavlena iqonios, gulubryvilod Cans. igi
momavlSic gahyveba teqnikis nebismier gardamtex siaxles.
xolo mecnierebis gafrTxileba globaluri resursebis
amowurvis Sesaxeb ejaxeba politikas, romelic mxolod
Tavisi sakanonmdeblo vadis farglebSi azrovnebs.
142
finiSis swors
molaparakebebisas mixael koli da me SevTanxmdiT bal-
tiis zRvasa da biomeris tyis regionSi mcire sasazRvro
mimosvlaze. es regioni, romelic 110 olqs moicavs, oTxi
axali sasazRvro punqtiT aRiWurva. damatebiT oTxze
kolma uari miTxra: `axla meti ar SemiZliao~. berlinis
sazRvris gadakveTis pirveli dokumentis SemoReba rom
maxsendeboda, did talRas velodi. koli Sempirda, Tu ase
moxda, dauyenebliv SevxvdeT da axal punqtebze movila-
parakoTo. didi imedgacrueba meloda: xalxi punqtebs ar
mowydomia. ufro didi imedgacrueba – 1990 wlis 3 oqtom-
bris Semdeg Zvel samSobloSi dabrunebis didi talRac
ar yofila, dasavleTSi miRebuli mdidari gamocdilebis
xalxi ukan ar dabrunebula. rogorc ers, bedma gagviRi-
ma. koreuli tragizmi, rom xalxi marTla SeiZleba gayo,
Tuki didi xniT daaSoreb erTmaneTs, Cven agvcda.
molaparakebebis daskvniT etapze brandtma gadawy-
vita breJnevisTvis eTxova gdr-ze zemoqmedeba, Semxve-
dri nabijebi gadmoedgaT samSvidobo xelSekrulebis
da eris principuli sakiTxebis molaparakebebis gzaze.
xelSekruleba rom yvela mxarisTvis misaRebi yofiliyo,
masSi unda Sesuliyo debuleba, rom `ori germanuli
saxelmwifos SemTxvevaSi saqme exeba erT ers. Sesabamisi
143
formulirebis gareSe xelSekrulebis politikurad ga-
tana ver moxerxdeboda, mas sakonstitucio sasamarTloc
baTilad cnobda~. ase gulaxdili saubari ar gaZnelebu-
la, radgan brandti da breJnevi 1971 wlis Semodgomaze,
yirimSi meore Sexvedrisas erTmaneTs dauaxlovdnen, maT
Soris ndoba damyarda da mere xSiri mimowera hqondaT.
aseTi aradiplomatiuri qmedeba ara marto gabeduli na-
biji iyo, cotaTi Tavxeduric, did Zmas sTxovda gdr-ze
gav lena iqonieo.
ramdenimedRiani dumilis Semdeg `Cvenma arxma~ mir-
Cia, pirdapir breJnevTan mosinjeo. `mas uyvarxar~, jer
kidev yirimSi miTxra brandtma. vvaraudobdiT, rom gdr
Cemi vizitis Sesaxeb Seityobda, radgan kolTan Sexvedris
gauqmeba momiwevda, es ki parafirebamde darCenil sabo-
loo etapze uaryofiTad imoqmedebda. vilim riskze was-
vla gadawyvita.
moskovSi saaTobiT velaparakebodi gromikos, magram
adgilidan ver davZari. meore dilas, 1972 wlis 10 oqtom-
bers, breJnevi guliTadad momesalma. `Tqven iseve gela-
parakebiT, rogorc kanclers~. saubari TanamdebobisTvis
Seuferebeli anekdotebiT daiwyo. mogvianebiT brandti
gavarTe am anekdotebiT, ZiriTadi punqtebi Caviwere –
`oTxi qali~, `logikis ambavi~ da `Cvidmeti wlis biWi~.
amasobaSi es anekdotebi damaviwyda. Cveni molaparake-
bebis ZiriTadi punqtebis Sesaxeb ki aRniSna, urTulesi
sakiTxia da safuZvlian awon-dawonas moiTxovso. roca
Cibuxis SaliTa gavxseni da Cibuxis datenvas Sevudeqi,
mxolod maSin modunda, radgan SeamCnia, rom xmis Camwe-
ri ar mqonda. manac amoiRo jibidan kolofi, sigarets
moukida da eqimebze daiCivla, raRaca uqnes am kolofs,
mxolod naxevar saaTSi erTxel ixsnebao. mkiTxa, saar-
144
Cevno kampania rogor midiso. oTxi saaTis Semdeg ise
davasruleT saubari, im ori punqtis Sesaxeb araferi
daudgenia, risTvisac Cavedi. Sahi enda mieRo. ra gavlena
moaxdina Semdeg aRmosavleT berlinel amxanagebze, kanc-
lerisTvis gagzavnil cnobaSic ar gamovlenila: `Zalian
kmayofili var baton barTan saubriT. mas velaparakebodi
da Tqveni xma mesmoda. xandaxan orive Cvengani gamovxa-
tavdiT gansxvavebul poziciebs, magram es ar gaxdeba
imedgacruebis mizezi ... Cven mzad varT, yvelaferi ga-
vakeToT Tqvens dasaxmareb lad~.
Cemi moxsenebis Semdeg vilim da me davaskveniT is, rom
honekerma samarTlianad migvaniSna, aravin icis, Sedge-
ba Tu ara samSvidobo xelSekruleba da rodiso. weri-
li germaniis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb, romelic moskovis
xelSekrulebis xelmowerisas gadaveciT, gdr-is winaSec
sakmarisi iqneboda. kabinetis viwro wreSi ganvixileT
eris CarTvis sakiTxi. mxolod veneri Semepasuxa: `amas ar
unda SevwiroT xelSekruleba~. magram veneri uflebamo-
sili ar iyo CemTvis miTiTebi moeca.
Semdeg, SesaZloa bolo sxdomaze, kols avuxseni, rom
preambulaSi mainc Tu ar iqneboda naxsenebi eri, para-
firebas ver Sevpirdebodi. sxdoma Sewyvita da naxevar
saaTSi dabrunda honekerisgan uflebamosili, Cemi for-
mulirebiT gvemuSava. Cveni xelmoweriT dasrulda mola-
parakebebi. axla orive mTavrobas unda gadaewyvita Tanx-
moba moeca xelmoweraze.
parafireba ganxorcielda 8 noembers, xelSekrulebis
teqstis gamoqveynebis paralelurad. mosaxleobas 19 noem-
bris arCevnebze am sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebis-
Tvisac unda eyara kenWi; axal mTavrobas xel-fexi unda
145
gaxsnoda an Tavidan daewyo molaparakebebi, an saerTod
ar gaemarTa.
parafirebis Semdeg federalurma kanclerma mixael
koli miiRo. TviTonac ar gvjeroda Cveni bednierebisa,
iseTi daRlilebi visxediT kancleris bungaloSi, sixa-
rulis Tavic aRar gvqonda, rom amxela saqme marTla
gavakeTeT. arCevnebSi gamarjvebam SesaZlebeli gaxada
xelSekrulebis xelmowera 21 dekembers. manamde ki Sev-
TanxmdiT, rom mxars davuWerdiT gdr-is gancxadebas pa-
rizSi iuneskos wevrobaze, ori kviriT adre amaze lapa-
rakic ki SeuZlebeli iqneboda.
arCevnebSi social-demokratiuli partiis udidesma
warmatebam igi bundestagis yvelaze Zlier partiad aqcia.
`virCevT vilis!~ aRmoCnda yvelaze Zvirfasi argumenti.
rodis SevZlebT plakatebze isev davweroT: `germanele-
bo, SegviZlia viamayoT Cveni qveyniT~. es iyo mwvervali,
romelzec veravin mokalaTdeba.
vilim TiTqmis sazeimod gadamixada madloba sabaziso
principebis xelSekrulebisTvis. `es Seni pirmSoa. daim-
saxure, rom Tavad moawero xeli Sens xelSekrulebas~.
isev SemomTavaze kancleris aparatSi emkes movaleoba
Camebarebina. roca isev viuare, miTxra: `maSin bundestagis
mandati mainc unda aiRo~. Semdeg siera leoneSi xanmokle
SvebulebiT gamgzavrebis neba damrTo. rom davbrundi,
gaTamaSebuli sixaruliT mamcno, koaliciam Sen da ver-
ner maihoferi gansakuTrebul davalebaTa federalur
ministrebad wargadginaTo. horst graberti saxelmwifo
mdivnis rangSi gauZRveboda kancleris aparats. man, ro-
gorc federalurma senatorma, kargad icoda rogorc
berlinis, aseve bonis problemebi. pirovnulad sasiamov-
146
no, Wkviani da, emkesTan SedarebiT, wynari kaci iyo. emkem
samecniero kvlevisa da teqnologiis sfero Caibara.
SvebulebaSi yofnis gamo sindisi mqenjnida, mTe-
li wlis aliaqoTiT daRlil megobars rom vuyurebdi.
xrinwiani xma hqonda, saxmo simebi unda gavaTlevinoo da
uxaroda mTliani narkozi rom eloda da mere ori kvira
ver ilaparakebda, Tanac kabinetis Seqmnis davidarabas
Tavidan aicilebda. praqtikulad mxolod kancleris
aparatis nawili hqonda mogvarebuli. magram veners mo-
sazrebebis grZeli sia gadasca kabinetis Semadgenlobis
Sesaxeb; mogvianebiT aRmoaCina, rom es sia am ukanasknels
portfelSi `daviwynoda~. amgvarad, koaliciam brandtis
survilis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe gadawyvita axali kabi-
netis Targi da Semadgenloba, rasac saxelmwifo gada-
trialebas ver daarqmevdi, magram federaluri kancle-
ris winaaRmdeg namdvilad iyo mimarTuli. mogvianebiT
miyveboda, operaciis Semdeg laparaki da moweva akrZa-
luli rom mqonda, yoveldRe or Secdomas vuSvebdi da
vercerTi avicile Tavidano. Sen mainc ar Sewyvito uceb
mowevao, gamafrTxila. sabediswero wels Cemi megobari
gamofituli da dasustebuli daemSvidoba.
147
gaWianurebuli starti
axali weli valter Seelma saerTo ganwyobis aRweriT
daaxasiaTa: `batono federaluro kanc lero, 1973 welma
meti simSvide unda mogvitanos, vidre siaxle. upirveles
yovlisa, meti dro unda davuTmoT imas, rom mosaxleo-
bas ganvumartoT, rac aqamde gavakeTeT~. sagulisxo rCeva
iyo, radgan sakuTar partiaSic igrZnoboda, rom ganmux-
tvis politika da aRmosavleTis xelSekrulebebis su-
liskveTeba sazogadod cnobili ar iyo, rac umniSvnelo
winaaRmdegobis drosac iCenda xolme Tavs.
saaxalwlo uqmeebi sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda megobars
Zalebi aRedgina. gauqra is enTuziazmi, romliTac 1969
wels pirvel samTavrobo programaze muSaobda. meore
moxseneba saministroebis mier mowodebuli monaxazebis-
gan Sekowiwda. gamosvlis teqstebs popularuli mwerlis
Semomatebamac ver uSvela. klaus harprextis saocari
ostatobiT dawerili Tomas manis biografia mogvianebiT
erTi amosunTqviT wavikiTxe, Tumca literaturaSi ukeT
erkveoda, vidre politikaSi. misi SemoTavazeba, sity-
va `compassion~ gveqcia mTavar cnebad, vilis moewona, me
ki sisustis gamovlinebad miviCnie da xarkis gadaxdad
imgvari ganaTlebisTvis, romlis miRebis saSualebac mas
cxovrebaSi ar mieca. ra saWiro iyo germaniis kancleris
148
gamosvlaSi iseTi inglisuri sityva, romelsac mSobliur
enaSi zusti Sesatyvisi ar moeZebneboda? magram vilim
ase daiJina da ver SeekamaTebodi. is iyo Zalagamoclili
suli, romelmac Caanacvla Seqmnis wadiliT nasazrdoebi
eiforia.
cota dagvianebiT mec momeZala molaparakebebiT gada-
tvirTuli wina sami wlis daRliloba. 1973 wlis martis
dasawyisSi Tavs SeuZlod vgrZnobdi da klinikaSi wavedi.
eqims undoda, iqve davetovebine. magram meore dRes pariz-
Si unda gavmgzavrebuliyavi – Tu sikvdili gindaT, mokv-
diT, me ra menaRvlebao. – damadevna mwyralad. adrenalini
sruliad amomewura. axal germanul enaze amas `bernauti~
hqvia. oTxi kvira viweqi. mTeli arsebiT yvelasa da yve-
lafris mimarT aqamde ucnob gulgrilobis reJimze ga-
daverTe. aRarc gazeTebi mainteresebda da aRarc radio
da televizori, vilis zaric ki. oTxi kviris Semdeg Zlivs
avdeqi, tegernis tbaze gadamiyvanes sanatoriumSi da SeS-
foTebuli vcdilobdi artikulaciis unari dambrunebo-
da. vili mzrunvelad kiTxulobda Cemi gamojanmrTelebis
ambebs. hans-ioxen fogelma moulodnelad mominaxula,
misi mudam madlieri davrCebi.
maisma ganwyoba gamomikeTa. breJnevi federalur res-
publikaSi Tavisi pirveli vizitis dros, kancleris re-
zidenciis win, veRar Seelia ruTis xelze kocnas. ur-
TierTsimpatia namdvilad igrZnoboda. sagareo uwyebam
uari Tqva stumris sapativcemlod ocdaerTi zalpis
gasrolaze, rogorc es parizSi mouwyves, saxelmwifos me-
Tauri ar ariso. magram bolos protokols sawinaaRmde-
go araferi hqonda, breJnevs xeli moewera dokumentebze,
risi ufleba `sabWoTa kavSiris mTavrobis saxeliT~ mas
saerTod ar hqonda.
149
generalurma mdivanma da kanclerma gromikos da
me komunikes momzadeba dagvavales. erTmaneTs marTla
davejaxeT. gromiko ambobda, berlinis Sesaxeb gadawyve-
tileba oTxma gamarjvebulma Zalam miiRoo. federaciu-
li respublika arafer SuaSia da am vizitis komunikeSic
ar unda Sevideso. Cemma kategoriulma pasuxma: `berli-
nis gareSe komunike saerTod ar iqneba!~. samarisebuli
siCume gaaxangrZliva, sanam falini Seecdeboda viTare-
bis gamosworebas. man Tqva, vecdebi barTan dalaparake-
baso. buzRuniT daeTanxmnen sasacilo Sedegs, rome-
lic gamoixateboda fraziT – oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis
xelSekrulebis `ganuxreli dacva da sruli gamoyeneba~.
meore dilas yvela Tanaxma iyo, me ki viswavle, ras niS-
navs `solomonuri~ gadawyvetileba.
saRamos brandtma orive delegaciis sapativcemod
Tavis rezidenciaSi vaxSami gamarTa. buzis gafrenas gai-
gonebdiT, rodesac generaluri mdivani – omSi wiTeli
armiis politkomisari da vermaxtis ufrosi leitenanti
helmut Smidti brZolebis da ruseTSi cecxlis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb yvebodnen, miTumetes roca gairkva, rom frontis
erTsa da imave monakveTze idgnen erTmaneTis pirispir.
aRelveba leonid iliCsac daetyo. sxva arc erT or xalxs
ar miuyenebia erTmaneTisTvis aseTi Rrma Wriloba. SiSi
da pativiscema igrZnoboda.
aeroportSi, gamomSvidobebisas breJnevma mxarze xeli
damado da mkiTxa, ukmayofilo saxe ratom gaqvso. evropis
usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb arasakmarisad vilaparakeT-meTqi,
mivuge. dameTanxma; magram damaimeda, pesimisturad nu
ganewyobi, yvelaferi kargad iqnebao.
oTxi dRis Tavze bavariis miwis mTavrobam federalur
sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi Seitana gancxadeba – saba-
150
ziso principebis xelSekrulebis dauyonebliv SeCerebis
Taobaze, misi akrZalvis mizniT. karlsrueSi zepir mosme-
naze mxolod maSin davmSviddi, rodesac vigrZeni, goneba
da metyveleba Cveulebisamebr aRmidga. bavariis winaaR-
mdeg erTxmad miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Semdeg yvela
xelSekruleba, rogorc iqna, ZalaSi Sevida.
ormocdaaTiani wlebis bolodan moyolebuli, advoka-
tebisa da evangelisturi eklesiis daxmarebiT dawesda
federaciul respublikaSi gadmosvlis msurvelTa miRe-
bis sanacvlod gdr-isTvis fulis gadaxdis praqtika. ar-
cerTi mTavroba amiT ar amayobda. dasavleT germaniis
mediam icoda, magram `gamosyidulTa~ interesebs icavda
da am SemTxvevebs oci wlis ganmavlobaSi ar axmaurebda.
am saqmeebis mogvareba volfgang fogels, gdr-is ndobiT
aRWurvil advokats evaleboda.
sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris dros
gamarTul saubarSi gdr-is sagareo saqmeTa ministrma
amixsna: `advokatis arxi SegviZlia davxuroT. awi xom
gveqneba sakonsulo samsaxurebi~. mec imaves vfiqrobdi.
magram aRmosavleT berlinma moulodneli saaxalwlo sa-
Cuqari mogvimzada da gamgzavrebis uflebis gacema saer-
Tod Sewyvita, amiT Seqmna e. w. `Cemodnis saqmeebi~ – ada-
mianebi, romlebic nebadarTul gamgzavrebas elodnen.
marTalia, yvelas vafrTxilebdi, germanul-germanuli
TaflobisTvis eiforias nu ayvebiT-meTqi, magram namdvi-
lad ar velodi, rom nacrisferi realoba ase Cqara dad-
geboda.
brandtis nebarTviT kols velaparake am orive mxaris-
Tvis uRirs qmedebaze. adamianebiT amgvari vaWroba unda
damTavrdes da or saxelmwifos Soris ormxrivi interese-
bis gaTvaliswinebiT sasurvel doneze unda avides-meTqi.
151
kols Sesabamisi kompetencia ar gaaCnda da berlinTan
konsultaciis Semdeg politbiuros wevr paul verner-
Tan Sexvedra SemomTavaza. paul verners Cemi mosazrebebi
rom warvudgine, miTxra: Tqven Cemi darwmuneba SeZeliT
da federalur kanclers ase gadaeciTo. detalebze ki
kolTan moiTaTbireTo.
gaxarebulma Sefma bonSi momiloca warmateba. mo-
gvianebiT veneri SemogvierTda da masac miaxara kar-
gi ambavi, is ki afeTqda: es saSinelebaa, awi yvelaferi
gaiyinebao. yvelafers dablokaven da `Cemodnis saqmeebi~
moimatebso. or dReSi damidastura kolma, SegviZlia de-
talebze `amxanag vernerTan Tqveni saubris Sesabamisad~
movilaparakoTo. vili: `xom xedav, gamodis!~ Sexvedramde
erTi dRiT adre kolma mizezis dasaxelebis gareSe gaauq-
ma Sexvedra. veners ramdenime dRe dasWirda, rom mosalo-
dneli SeTanxmeba aRekveTa.
rutina grZeldeboda. hanoverStraseze Cveni axlad
Seqmnili mudmivi warmomadgenlobisTvis Senoba SevarCie
da giunter gausi daviTanxme, stilis damamkvidrebel
yinulmWrelad emuSava. magram manam ver daviyolieT, sa-
nam vilim ar daarwmuna, ra mniSvnelovani iqneboda misi
saqmianoba da misi rCeva kancleris aparatisTvis. aRmo-
savleT berlinidan xma mogvivida, gromiko mudmivi war-
momadgenlobis gaxsnis molaparakebebze xelis SeSlas
apirebso. moskovis Careva erTwlian gajanjlebad dagvi-
jda da Tan davinaxeT, rom gdr am umniSvnelo sakiTxis
gadawyvetaSic ar iyo damoukidebeli. Cven ki ise unda
dagvWira Tavi, TiTqos misi damoukideblobis gvjeroda.
152
veneri
am ambis winapiroba erT-erTi saubaria, romelic brandts,
venersa da Cems Soris Sedga. `Cemodnis saqmeebi~ Cemi sam-
saxurSi aryofnis drosac ver gadaiWra. venerma gvacnoba,
honekerma mimiwvia qveynidan gasvlis uflebaze samsje-
lodo. vifiqre, volfgang miSniks waviyoleb (isic masa-
viT drezdeneli iyo), Tavisufali demokratebis fraq-
ciis Tavmjdomares, politikuri riskis Sesamcireblado.
vSiSobdi, ar gauWirdebaT avaria momiwyono. me vuTxari,
pirveli kaci Tu gpatiJebs, iseve usafrTxod iqnebi, ro-
gorc abraamis kalTaSi-meTqi. SemaSina misma kategoriul-
ma da xistma pasuxma: `Tqven ar gesmiT! arsebobs raRace-
bi, rasac ar patioben da ar iviwyebeno~. ar TamaSobda,
marTla Zalian eSinoda. Semdeg teqnikuri samzadisis de-
talebi gaviareT, cudi araferi gvifiqria da yuradRe-
ba ar migviqcevia, rom miSnikis mowveva misi aRmosavlel
berlineli liberal-demokratiuli megobrisgan drou-
lad mosuliyo. vilimac SeniSna, rom veneri mravlobiTSi
gvelaparakeboda. social-demokratebi imTaviTve miamite-
bi varT komunistebTan SedarebiT. `Tqven~-Si Senc gigu-
lisxma~, miTxra vilim, `da CvenTan xazgasmiT daiWira dis-
tanciao~.
153
`Cemodnis saqmeebi~ gadaiWra. venerma 30 maiss hone-
kerTan pirispir Sexvedrisas SeaTanxma qveynidan gasvlis
akrZalvis SeCereba; am ukanasknelma ki maSinve miuTiTa
Stazis Sefs erix milkes. miSniki erTi dRiT gvian Caer-
To molaparakebebSi. saubris Canaweri ar migviRia, kidev
ra iTqva, ar viciT. kolTan oficialur molaparakebeb-
Si araferi Secvlila. magram zafxulSi moskovis arxma
mravaljer Segvatyobina, rom venerma gdr-is kontaqteb-
Tan kritikuli da upativcemlo komentarebiT moixsenia
brandti. brandtma am informaciis mowodebisTvis wyaros
madloba SeuTvala. dRemde upatiebelia Cveni gulubry-
viloba.
didi koaliciis dros veneri federaluri ministris
rangSi xelmZRvanelobda saerTo germanuli sakiTxebis
farglebSi `adamianebis mdgomareobis Semsubuqebis~ Te-
mas, anu advokat volfgang fogelis ZalisxmeviT gamosyi-
duli moqalaqeebis sakiTxs. federaluri mTavrobis wev-
roba misTvis niSnavda, rom qdk/qsk gaerTianebam aSkarad
apatia warsuli. patiebis ganwyoba maSin dasrulda, roca
1969 wels social-liberalur koaliciaSi social-demok-
ratiuli partiis fraqciis Tavmjdomare gaxda. qveynidan
gasvlis kompetencia isev saministros darCa, amdenad,
mTel am kompleqsSi igi araviTar rols aRar TamaSobda.
1973 wlis bolos veneri bundestagis delegaciasTan
erTad gaemgzavra moskovSi – es iyo brandtis ganmuxtvis
politikis dagvianebuli saCuqari. kancleris aparatSi yve-
la vTanxmdebodiT, rom `biZas~ es mogzauroba warsulTan
SerigebaSi daexmareboda. vizitis kulminacias warmoad-
genda Sexvedra mis yofil ufrosTan, boris ponomariov-
Tan. am Sexvedraze kidev ufro augad mouxsenebia brandti,
vidre Jurnalistebis winaSe, rogorc arxma Segvatyobina,
154
uTqvams: `is moRalateao~. saagentoebi ki iuwyebodnen:
`brandti saqmeebs ver uZRveba. uniaToa. mTavrobac unia-
Toao~. brandtma es ambavi maincdamainc maSin gaigo, roca
federaciuli respublikis gaeroSi gawevrianebis gamo niu
iorkSi sityviT gamovida. viziti Sewyvita.
vili brazisgan boboqrobda. `ukve kmara. an – is, an
– me~. horst graberma maSinve izruna TviTmfrinavze. un-
doda moskovSi CaekiTxa venerisTvis, raTa masTan erTad
Camofreniliyo bonSi da trapidan CamosvlisTanave gaeke-
Tebinebina gadadgomis gancxadeba. vilis vurCie, veners
piradad daelaparake-meTqi. am dapirispirebas namdvilad
moigebda, magram misi energia sxva saqmeebs ufro sWirde-
boda. amitom TviTmfrinavis SekveTa gavauqmeT. maTi sau-
bari veneris TxovniT ase dasrulda: `modi, kidev erTxel
vcadoT~. dRemde dardad mawevs da Tavs vidanaSauleb,
rom megobars araswori rCeva miveci. vilis amis gamo ara-
sodes usayveduria.
*
vili brandti sanimuSo magaliTi iyo imisa, rom au-
cilebeli araa politikam adamiani garyvnas. herbert ve-
neri Zalauflebis motrfiale kaci gaxldaT, romelsac
sindisi ar awuxebda, da adamianebs Wadrakis figurebiviT
aTamaSebda. brandtma Tavisi pirovnuli Tvisebebi Seurwya
sazogadoebis Secvlis farTo politikur xedvas. veneri
saocrad gadametebuli warmodgenis iyo sakuTar Tavze,
xolo Tavisi poziciis gasamagreblad da imis gasatanad,
rac saWirod miaCnda, yvelafers kadrulobda. brandti
Tavs Zlierad xalxis samsaxurSi grZnobda, veners ki,
155
sakuTari warsuliT damZimebuls, mxolod ukana rigidan,
Tanamdebobis gareSe unda warmoeCina Tavisi upirateso-
ba. brandts aravisi ar Surda, mxolod sxvisi akademiu-
ri ganaTleba SeiZleboda SeSureboda. veners ki brand-
tis Surda, brandts SeeZlo siciliT daemtkicebina, rom
politika mxolod seriozuli da sastiki saqme ar aris.
brandtisTvis veneri usiamovno adamiani iyo, magram ara
saSiSi. veners brandti sust pirovnebad miaCnda.
am ori lideris pirovnuli da biografiuli sxva-
dasxvaobani imdenad didi gaxldaT, rom ar SeiZleboda
Seqspiriseuli dramatizmiT ar dajaxebodnen erTmaneTs.
demokratiaSi sawamlaviTa da xanjliT ar klaven. magram
arseboben gamarjvebulebi da damarcxebulebi. gamarjveba
jer veneris mxares iyo, radgan brandts ver warmoedgina
misi usazRvro usindisoba. sabolood veneri ganadgurda,
roca tvinma, misma yvelaze Zlierma iaraRma umtyuna da
aRar emorCileboda.
1973 wlis oqtomberSi vili endo veneris aragul-
wrfel bodiSs moskovSi gamosvlis gamo da gaiziara misi
Txovna, kidev erTxel vcadoTo. eqvsi kvirac ar iyo ga-
suli, rom venerma piroba daarRvia da dawera dokumen-
ti, romelSic germaniis politikis Sesaxeb honekerisadmi
mimarTul rCevebs ayalibebda. dokumenti iyo misi pira-
di xelSekruleba gdr-is pirvel kacTan da amiT poli-
tikuri centri kancleris aparatidan vener/honekeris
gadawyvetilebebis doneze inacvlebda. Cems megobars
arasodes Seutyvia is Seuracxyofa, romelic mas am qa-
RaldiT miayenes. mas arc is gaugia, rom veneri honekers
bardeboda, radgan Tavis daweril dokuments `politikur
anderZs~ uwodebda, radgan `beds kacisa, romelic poli-
tikis wina flangze moRvaweobs, sxvebi gansazRvraven~,
Tuki am dokuments Sesabamisad gamoiyeneben.
156
`mosazrebebSi~, rogorc uwodebda Tavis Canawerebs,
brandti saerTod aRar figurirebda. xolo mokle ver-
sia, romelic venerma 1974 wels moumzada helmut Smidts,
aRar Seicavda saxelwodebas `politikuri anderZi~. mT-
lianobaSi es iyo TiTqmis aRtacebaSi momyvani Sedevri
intrigisa, romliTac veneri axal federalur kanclers
Tavs warudgenda iseT kacad, romelic yvelafers mar-
Tavs. Tumca, Smidti imasac mixvda am dokumentidan, rom
veneri brandtis zurgs ukan moqmedebda da honekerTan
kontaqtebis Sesaxeb informacias ar awvdida. amgvarad,
veneri Smidts Cabarda da axal kanclerTan mWidro kav-
Siri daamyara. mTeli es ambavi maSin gacxadda, roca gre-
ta venerma – misma germa da Semdeg ki colma, oci wlis
Tavze es dokumentebi gamoaqveyna. Cven araferi vicodiT,
magram brandts da me xSirad gvilaparakia, rodis da ro-
gor daiwyo es yvelaferi, rac mere RalatSi gadaizarda.
CvenTvis `biZa~ aRar arsebobda.
jer kidev bonSi, Jurnalistobis dros, gavicani axlos
veneri. maSin gadmomca Tavisi `aRsarebis~ asli moskovSi
gadasaxlebaSi yofnis periodze; kurt SumaxerisTvisac
hqonda micemuli. komunistebis mSTanTqavad cnobilma
social-demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomarem komunitu-
ri partiis da kominternis funqcioneri maSin gaaTavisu-
fla eWvisgan, farulad isev Zvel rwmenas atarebso. or-
mocdaaTi wlis Semdegac ver amixsnia, ras eloda veneri,
roca Tavisi aRsareba gadmomca. SesaZloa, fiqrobda, rom
amerikelebis samsaxurSi videqi da mis nawers maT gadav-
cemdi, rom Cems ufrosebs masze eWvi gahfantodaT. marT-
la ase Tu fiqrobda, adamianebi ver scnobia.
brandti da me ar gamovricxavdiT, rom sikvdilis muqa-
ris qveS myof veners Tavad gaewira adamianebi moskovSi.
157
erT rameSi vTanxmdebodiT: mxolod imas aqvs ufleba,
gaakritikos venerisnairi adamiani, vinc mzadaa, Tavad
gaiaros mowamebrivi gza aseT situaciaSi. garda amisa,
vendobodiT Sumaxeris Sefasebas, rom veneris gardaqmna
social-demokratad damajerebeli iyo.
berlinSi brandtma jer kidev 1960 wels miambo veneris
mimarT Sinagani gaucxoebis Sesaxeb. mas social-demokra-
tiuli partiis uiRblo Tavmjdomareze erih olenhauerze
uTqvams: `eg unda wavides~. Tuki veners brandtisTvis kbi-
lis mosinjva undoda, maSin daaskvnida, sustiao. erTxel
rodesac SevniSne, veneri angariSiania da `ase uswavlia~-
meTqi, davituqse, zedmeti mogdiso.
1960 wlis 30 ivniss bundestagSi gamosvlisas venerma
social-demokratiuli partia adenaueris mier dadebuli
xelSekrulebebis poziciaze daayena. brandti aRSfoTda,
`Cveni partiis gadawyvetilebebs ar Seesabamebao~. erTi
wlis winaT gamoqveynebuli `germaniis gegma~ makulatu-
rad gviqcia. `uaresi: arc SeuTanxmebia CemTan~. social-de-
mokratiuli partiis prezidiums marTlac ar umsjelia am
Sorsmimaval nabijze. `yvelaze cudi ki is aris, rom igi
marTalia~. am epoqaluri gamosvliT venerma Seqmna didi
koaliciis winapirobebi. misma gamosvlam daamtkica, rom
social-demokratiul partias mxolod federaluri miwis
doneze rodi SeuZlia marTva. magram veners arasodes Ca-
mouyalibebia sakuTari koncefciebi, arc germaniis gaer-
Tianebis da arc sxva mniSvnelovani sakiTxis Sesaxeb.
veneri xelmZRvanelobda, brandti ki mihyveboda. es
aRar unda ganmeorebuliyo. mogvianebiT, roca brandt-
ma kanclerobaze ganacxada pretenzia, veneri daemorCi-
la. axal koalicias brandti venerisgan gaTavisuflebad
aRiqvamda. veneri albaT mixvda, saxeli da gavlena rom
158
dakarga. ara mgonia, rom es damarcxeba vilis rodesme
dauviwya. garkveulwilad leTargias hgavs, rom brandtma
uyuradRebod datova, roca meore kabinetis Camoyalibe-
bis miTiTebebi veners portfelSi `daaviwyda~ da helmut
SmidtisTvisac ar gadaucia, es miTiTebebi SmidtisTvis
iyo gankuTvnili.
brandti da me erTnairad vfiqrobdiT, sabaziso prin-
cipebis xelSekrulebis damTavrebamde ar SeiZleboda ve-
ners operatiuli kontaqti hqonoda honekerTan. maSin es
ukanaskneli me aRar CamTvlida uflebamosilad. pream-
bulaSi honekerisTvis ase mZimed gadasatani `eris~ gare-
Sec daideboda es xelSekruleba. igive iTqmis qveynidan
gasvlis nebarTvazec. veneris honekerTan pirvel Sexve-
dramde operatiuli gavlena ar igrZnoboda. mxolod amis
Semdeg daiwyo meore mxaresTan muSaoba, oRond, ufro
sakuTari TavisTvis. misi koncefciis mTavari idea iyo,
honekerTan erTad, mieRwia germaniis gayofis daubrko-
leb lad SenarCunebisTvis. daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas:
veneris pirveli Sexvedra honekerTan, 1973 wlis 30 maiss,
iyo dasawyisi imisa, rac maT Soris brandtis gadadgo-
mamde gaTamaSda am ukanasknelis zurgs ukan.
dRemde sakvirvelia, rogor ar gaviTvaliswineT mos-
kovidan ganmeorebiT miRebuli cnobebi, ve ne ri brandtis
Sesaxeb udierad laparakobso. am yvelafers, komunistu-
rad moazrovneebi, albaT bonis saTaveSi mosvlisTvis
brZolad afasebdnen. `axla verafers gavawyobT~, ambob-
da brandti. hans-iurgen viSnevskim miambo, berlinSi, ve-
neris binaSi SemTxveviT movismine honekers telefonze
rasac eubnebodao da amis gamo sul wuxda: `mas Semdeg,
rogorc biZam ilaparaka, ukve aRar vici, aris Tu ara igi
erTgulio~.
159
*
Semodgoma mtanjveli da uRimRamo gamodga. axladSe-
qmilma garemos federalurma samsaxurma gaiTvaliswi-
na mTeli rigi qalaqebisa, magram berlini ar gaxsenebia.
oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis SeTanxmebis `ganuxreli dacvi-
sa da srulad gamoyenebis~ gaTvaliswinebiT, umjobesad
mimaCnda, rom es samsaxuri berlinSi ganTavsebuliyo. wi-
naswar, rasakvirvelia, moskovisa da aRmosavleT berli-
nis Tanxmoba dagvWirdeboda. ar megona, genSeri kabine-
tis Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas maSinve Tu gaasajaroebda.
rogorc mosalodneli iyo, aRmosavleT berlinma saSine-
li aRSfoTebiT gvipasuxa. moskovma ufro Seikava Tavi.
breJnevma SemogviTvala: `adre mogividaT gasrolao~.
amas droSi daemTxva sajaro samsaxuris profkavSirebis
moTxovna xelfasebis orniSna cifriT momatebis Sesaxeb,
romelic angariSgauwevlad daayenes da brandtma Caila-
paraka: `moskovi, aRmosavleT berlinic ki SeiZleba ufro
gamogadges, vidre Seni sakuTari xalxi~. magram ugulod
ibrZoda. federaluri samsaxuri mainc gadavitaneT ber-
linSi. magram xalisi ukve dagvkargvoda.
guli gagvinaTa kancleris gadawyvetilebam, Segve-
farebina solJenicini, miuxedavad moskovis muqarisa, rom
moqalaqeobas CamoarTmevda. gemo CavataneT, rusebiviT
formalobebisa da kontrolis gareSe rom gamoviyvaneT
aeroportidan da pirdapir hainrix biolTan mivabrZaneT.
saelCom uzrunvelyo misi nawerebis transportireba,
radgan maT gareSe ver imuSavebda.
navTobis fasis pirveli afeTqeba moulodnelad dag-
vatyda Tavs. kabinetSi vilim daufiqreblad hkiTxa eko-
nomikis ministrs, hans fridrixs, rogor regulirdeba na-
160
vTobis fasio. manac naCqarevad upasuxa, ar vici, magram
Semdegi sxdomisTvis gavigebo. mere ki aRiara, es navTobis
didi mwarmoeblebis saqmea da absoluturad gaumWvir-
valeo. mec ar davaxane da gamovacxade, problema ar aris,
kisinjers davurekav-meTqi. kisinjerma ramdenime dReSi
macnoba pasuxi, romelic Cveni ekonomikis ministris cno-
bas emTxveoda. amerikis mTavrobac ki ver Wvretda glo-
baluri koncernebis globaluri nedleulis globaluri
marTvis porcess. gamaognebeli iyo, rom germaniis mTa-
vrobam sam kviraSi Secvala kanonebi da manqanebisgan Ta-
visufali oTxi kvira dRe gamoacxada. multinacionaluri
sazogadoebebis Zalaufleba badebda eWvs dapirispirebu-
li Zalis arsebobis Sesaxeb, rac ormoci wlis Semdegac
upasuxod darCa.
`Spigelma~ Cveni mdgomareoba 1973 wlis dekembris
mowinave statiaSi Zalian damTrgunvelad, magram sworad
Seafasa: `monumenti iryeva~. mixaroda, rom es usixarulo
weli iwureboda da brandts vkiTxe, ras ganicdi, samoci
weli rom gisruldeba-meTqi. Tbilad gamiRima da mipa-
suxa: `mniSvnelovans arafers!~.
161
dacema
axali startis aRebis gadawyvetilebiT dabrunda Sefi
1974 wlis 24 aprils egviptidan, sadac saxelmwifos pre-
zidents anver as-sadaTs Sexvda. frenis dros kabinetis
gadaxalisebaze visaubreT. gamxnevda da 1976 wlis momaval
arCevnebamde saxavda gegmebs. kioln-bonis aeroportSi
daSvebamde brandtma Tavi gadaiqnia, `ramdeni xalxi gve-
gebeba, arada aseTi warmatebisTvisac ar migviRweviao~.
Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma, genSerma misalmebisas acno-
ba: `am diliT giiomi davapatimreT. ukve aRiara~. es axali
ambavi kancleris aparatis ufrosis, grabertisgan gavige
da maSinve gamaxsenda baraTi, romelic mis winamorbeds
emkes davuwere, roca damekiTxa, georg leberi da her-
bert erenbergi vinme giunter giiomis daniSvnas mTxoven,
miuxedavad imisa, rom gdr-idan ariso. rasakvirvelia, ar
vurCie: `SeiZleba usamarTlod veqceviT am kacs, magram
kancleris aparatisTvis Seuferebelia~, emkes aRaraferi
uTqvams. sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebis molapa-
rakebebis dasrulebamde ramdenime dRiT adre giiomi Cems
kabinetSi gamomecxada. saidumloebebs veRar gascemda.
Cemi baraTi saqmeSi ido, rogorc saqmis keTilsindisier
warmoebas Seefereba. rodesac emkes es ambavi Sevaxsene,
mipasuxa, Seni gafrTxilebis mixedviT giiomi Cvens sam-
162
saxurebs, rogorc jer aravin, yvelanairad Sevamowmebine,
radgan uaryofiTi veraferi ver upoves, mizezi aRar
mqonda, ratom ar unda dameniSnao.
brandti da misi garemocva, etyobodaT, seriozulad
ar aRiqvamdnen am saqmes. momdevno dReebSi, Cveulebisa-
mebr imarTeboda Sexvedrebi. Cven am ambavs sensaciad
ufro aRviqvamdiT, SesaZloa, skandalad, magram arc sa-
SiSroebad da arc krizisad. dReebis ganmavlobaSi ar
gamoTqmula sityva `gadadgoma~. rodesac iusticiis mi-
nistrma gerhard ianma brandts Ziebis Sedegebi Seatyobina
da uTxra, giiomi ambobs, masTan qalebi mimyavdao, bradt-
ma gaixumra: `netav ra goniaT, ramdeni SemiZliao~. TviT
sakonstitucio komisiis Tavmjdomaris, giunter nolaus,
veneris ndobiT aRWurvili piris da imasaviT drezde-
nelis, Ziebis Sedegebzec, mxolod aRSfoTda da ikiTxa,
kidev ras SeiZleba movelodeT am qveyanaSio. amasobaSi
jaSuSobaSi ki aRar iyo saqme, romlis winaaRmdegac jer
araferi hqondaT, rac sasamarTloSi gamodgeboda, ara-
med mTavrobis meTauris piradi cxovrebis kvlevaze. mas
ki leTargia mosZaleboda da mogvianebiT gakeTebul `Ca-
nawerebSi~ am ambis gamo Tavs imunaTebda.
brandtis kabinetSi SeelTan erTad ganvixileT vi-
Tareba. `batono federaluro kanclero, jaSuSobis am-
bavs cali xeliT avlagmavT~. Tavisufali demokratebi
Tqven gverdiT arian. axla meore xelic gvWirdeboda.
vilis vurCie, yvelaferi imazea damokidebuli, veneris
uRalato mxardaWeraSi darwmunebuli viqnebiT Tu ara
da jer es gavarkvioT-meTqi. sakuTari fraqciis upiro-
bo mxardaWeris gareSe kanclerobas ver SeinarCunebda.
es ki maisis dasawyisSi miunsteraifelSi gadawydeboda,
social-demokratiuli partiis umaRlesi donis Sexve-
163
draze profkavSirebis xelmZRvanelebTan. wina saRamos
gausi da me Sefs kabinetis gadaxalisebaze da aRmosavleT
berlinSi mudmivi warmomadgenlobis gaxsnaze vesaubreT.
mogvianebiT quCaSi gaviseirneT da yovelgvari xelsaWidi
mizezis gareSe vigrZeniT, rom vili danebebas apirebda.
miunsteraifelSi dapirispirebulTa Sexvedras mowmee-
bi ar hyolia. sarwmuno mxardaWeris sityvebi brandts
venerisgan ar mousmenia. arasasurvelma Sedegma im
Ramesve gadadgoma gadaawyvetina. federaluri preziden-
tis saxelze gadadgomis werili Sin dawera da waukiTxa
ruTs, romelmac mouwona: `sworia. vinmem unda aiRos pa-
suxismgebloba~. pirveli, rac 6 maiss miTxra Tavis kabi-
netSi: `yvelaferi damTavrda!~.
venerTan saubris bolos vilim dasZina, jer Tqven midiT
fraqciaSio. gzaSi vfiqrobdi, veneri rom ara, Cemi megoba-
ri isev im adgilas iqneboda-meTqi. moulodnelad mklavze
veneri Semexo: `axla mWidrod unda viTanamSromloT, ka-
rgad dafiqrdi, Cveni saerTo saqmis gamo~. momeCvena, rom
uZiro ufskrulSi viyurebodi. `nuTu Tavisi usindisobis
Tanamzraxvelad unda rom gamxados?~ rodesac vili fraq-
ciis darbazSi Semovida, veneri, rogorc aseT dros ician
xolme, yvavilebis TaiguliT miesalma da daiyvira: `Cven
yvelas gviyvars is!~. cremli veRar Sevikave am naZirlo-
bis da farisevlobis Semyurem. mxolod oci wlis Semdeg
gavige, rogor mivrcelebda tyuilebsa da ciliswamebas
veneri honekerTan. es, albaT, maSinac mSvenivrad axsovda,
roca `Cvens saerTo saqmeSi~ mWidro TanamSromloba Semom-
Tavaza.
gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg aRmoCnda zogierTi,
romelTac viTom Tu marTla undodaT vilisTvis azri
SeecvlevinebinaT. vicodi, rom epoqa mTavrdeboda. megob-
164
risadmi siyvarulma gadawona saxelmwifos winaSe mova-
leoba. vurCie, gadadgomis gadawyvetilebas nu Secvli-
meTqi. axla mis xelSi iyo yvelaferi. sxva SemTxvevaSi ar
moasvenebdnen, kuTxeSi miimwyvdevdnen, gaanadgurebdnen.
ar miecemoda amosunTqvis saSualeba. imisgan gaTavisu-
fleba, rasac ori wlis Semdeg, `TviTkastrireba~ uwoda,
upirispirdeboda fiqrs, rom venerma ajoba. gadadgomi-
dan ramdenime dRis Semdeg moiwadina Seetyo, sinamdvile-
Si ra roli iTamaSa venerma. es Cans mis `CanawerebSi g.-s
saqmis Sesaxeb~.
jer kidev maisis bolos daiwyo vilim Canawerebis
mowesrigeba, romelic Semdeg ganavrco. am Canawerebis
ormoc gverdze meti adasturebs, rogor daJinebiT cdi-
lobda gaerkvia, ram gamoiwvia kanclerobis iZulebiTi
dasasruli. giiomis dapatimrebas igi uyurebda rogorc
uwindeli Secdomebis gamoaSkaravebis mizezs. TviTkri-
tikulad aRiarebda, rom gamoepara da araferi iRona
genSeris groteskul Tavxedobaze, romelmac giiomis
dapatimrebamde TiTqmis erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi federa-
luri kancleri satyuarad gamoiyena. verafriT ieWvebda
safuZvlianad im kacze, romlis gvari `g~-Ti iwyeboda,
Tanac, roca masze Tveebis ganmavlobaSi araferi siaxle
ar mouxsenebiaT. usafrTxoebis samsaxurebis gaugonar
Secdomas, aRar eTvalTvalaT eWvmitanilisTvis, daemata
TviT giiomis aRiareba, dapatimrebisas rom gamoacxada,
gdr-is erovnuli armiis oficeri varo. mtkicebulebebi
mis winaaRmdeg saqmis aRZvras ar eyofoda.
brandtis `Canawerebi~ umTavresad utrialebs eWvs,
icoda Tu ara venerma honekerTan amaRlebis dResaswaul-
ze Sexvedrisas giiomis Sesaxeb, rac savaraudod veRar
damtkicdeboda. sruliad warmoudgenelia, rom veners
165
da honekers, 24 aprils giiomis statusis gamoaSkaravebis
Semdeg da brandtis gadadgomamde, mTeli ori kviris gan-
mavlobaSi, gaxSirebuli saubrebisas ar exsenebinoT jaSuSi.
upasuxod rCeba kiTxvac, rodidan icodnen da ar gaumxiles
brandts genSerma, nolaum da venerma saxeli `giiomi~.
vilis gadadgomis meore dRes breJnevma slavas
daarekina CemTan. generalur mdivans lamis pirad Seu-
racxyofad miuCnevia, rom honekerma kremlsa da bons
Soris urTierTobebis gaumjobesebis Semdeg jaSuSi ar
moiSora. amas ar apatiebso. breJnevma sakuTari binidan,
Ria satelefono xazze agina honekerso. brandtis gadad-
goma misTvisac mZime dartymaao. es evropul politikas
gaarTulebso. magram ver warmomidgenia, rom dagrovili
ndobis kapitali daudevrad movisroloTo. vilim la-
koniurad upasuxa, am umZimesi mdgomareobis yovel wams
mjeroda `Tqveni keTilganwyobiso~ da awic vimegobroTo.
erTi kviris Semdeg breJnevma daudastura, `axalma si-
tuaciam ar unda Secvalos Cven ors Soris arsebuli ke-
Tili urTierTobebi~. mas Semdeg, rac orma qveyanam bevri
saerTaSoriso problemis gadaWris saerTo gza gamonaxa,
imedi maqvs, axali federaluri mTavroba imave Rirebule-
bebis erTguli darCebao. brandtma droebiT Sewyvita mas-
Tan miwer-mowera da daarwmuna, far-xmals ar davyri da
Tavs ar daviSureb, rom Cemma memkvidrem uklebliv miiRos
yvela saukeTeso gamocdilebao. gadadgoma `samwuxarod,
aucilebeli iyo~. es aris brandtis pirveli werilobiTi
TviTSefaseba marcxis Semdeg. magram 1974 wlis maissa da
seqtembers Soris gakeTebuli misi `Canawerebi g.-saqmeze~
sapirispirosac cxadyofs: rom gadadgoma aucilebeli ar
iyo da obieqturad, misi Tavidan acileba SeiZleboda.
brandts mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi miaCnda, rom
istoria ar icnobda iZulebiT gamowveul Sedegs, da rom
166
yvelaferi adamianebis qmedebaze iyo damokidebuli. is,
rom namdvilad arsebul SeTavazebebs Soris yvelaferze
pasuxismgebeli kancleris roli airCia, icoda, rom mxo-
lod gadadgomamde miiyvanda. realurad es araswori iyo,
qveynis interesebisTvis aranairad aucilebeli da evro-
pis istoriisTvis usargeblo.
vamCnevdi, rogor xangrZlivad awvalebda es problema
am TviTkritikul adamians, roca wlebis Semdeg, markus
volfis, gdr-is jaSuSuri qselis Sefis werili miviRe.
igi aRwerda, rom mas arasdros hqonia ufleba honekeris-
Tvis giiomis problemis Sesaxeb moexsenebina. es milkes
privilegia iyo. giiomi misTvis, volfisTvis, warmoadgen-
da yvelaze did marcxs, romlis gamoc Zalian wuxda. me
momando, meTqva brandtTan mis aRsarebaze. vilis reaqcia
aseTi iyo: `axla es aRaraferSi gamomadgeba~.
kidev ufro mogvianebiT – ukve hamburgis mSvidobis
kvlevis institutis samecniero direqtorad rom vmu-
Saobdi – falinma mkiTxa, romelic 1992 wels, Cemi mowve-
viT, ori semestris ganmavlobaSi muSaobda institutSi
da augStainis binaSi cxovrobda, markus volfTan Sexve-
dra xom ar gindao. mindoda; Tundac imitom, rom gamego,
honekerma icoda Tu ara giiomis Sesaxeb. `es mec mainte-
resebs~, iyo brandtis reaqcia. falinma miTxra, stalini-
dan gorbaCovamde (!) yvela generaluri mdivani piradad
zrunavda maRali kategoriis jaSuSebis bedzeo. radga-
nac milkes aparati kgb-s Seqmnili da Svilobili iyo,
davaskveni, rom honekerma moityua, roca mere ganacxada,
giiomis Sesaxeb araferi vicodio.
vilim Tavisi `Canawerebi~ moulodnelad aseTi Se-
niSvniT daasrula: `Sexvedra SorfhaideSi 1973 wlis mai-
sis bolos: veneri, honekeri, miSniki~. swor gzaze idga.
167
rac volfma miambo, brandts aRar gaugia. giiomi,
norvegiidan ukan rom brundeboda, sadac vilis gahyva
SvebulebaSi piradi referentis rangSi da sadac moi-
pova wvdoma saidumlo dokumentebze, jgufs daSorda da
dokumentebis aslebiT savse Cemodani kuriers gadasca.
kurieri mixvda, rom uTvalTvalebdnen da Cemodani mdi-
nare rainSi Caagdo. masSi arsebuli saidumloebebi aRmo-
savleT berlinma da danarCenma msofliom mxolod diu-
seldorfis miwis sasamarTlo procesze gaigo, romlis
drosac braldebuli giiomi dumda. anekdotia: sasamarT-
lom uneburad gasca saidumloeba.
*
vilis 1978 wels sisxlis mimoqcevis kolafsi daemar-
Ta da saavadmyofoSi moaTavses. rogorc ruTi miyveboda,
eqimi analizebze dayrdnobiT varaudobda, rom noembris
dasawyisSi, amerikaSi mogzaurobisas, SesaZlebelia, in-
farqti gadaetana fexze. saavadmyofo Zalian TavSekave-
bulad da taqtianad agvarebda lojistikur problemebs,
romelic vilisa da brigite zeebaxis mWidro megobrobas
axlda Tan. mogvianebiT brigitesTan erTad gaemgzavra
safrangeTis samxreTSi dasasveneblad. iq Sevxvdi, Se-
ferTxils da garujuls. seirnobisas momca werili ru-
TisTvis da mTxova, gadaecio. ganqorwineba ar surda da
ruTs sTxovda, uari ar eTqva. ruTma werili waikiTxa da
mkiTxa, Tu ici, ra momwerao da rogorc ki vupasuxe, vi-
ci-meTqi, maSinve mtkiced da gadaWriT Tqva: `ara, me mas
gaveyrebi~.
168
Smidti da brandti
1974 wlis Sobaze vilim momwera: `saSinlad rTuli we-
liwadi gvqonda, Sen erT-erTi umciresTagani xar, vinc
daaxloebiT ici, CemTvis ras niSnavda es weli – srulad
mgoni jer TviTonac rom ver aRmiqvams~.
axali kancleri brandtis, veneris da Smidtis sameul-
Si yvelaze umcrosi gaxldaT. vercerTi ver itanda da-
saxelebas `troika~ da ara mxolod imitom, rom samkuTxe-
dis urTierTobebi yovelTvis rTulia. TiTeuli maTgani
Zlieri, ganumeorebeli pirovneba iyo. maT erTmaneTTan
partiisadmi erTguleba aerTianebdaT. am sami adamia-
nis gareSe qveyanaSi da qveynisaTvis Zalaufleba verc
gaizrdeboda da verc SenarCundeboda.
samive maTgani sufTa sindisiT ixedeboda ukan, sakuTa-
ri warsulisken, Tumca venersa da brandts samarcxvino,
Sida politikiT motivirebuli Tavdasxmebi ar dahkle-
biaT, ris Tavidan acilebasac Smidti cdilobda. ebrae-
li babua rom hyolia, pirvelad misi megobris, Jiskar
d estenisgan gavigeT. igi Tavis mogonebebSi yveboda im
xanmokle kolafsis Sesaxeb, Smidts parizSi rom daemar-
Ta. SeeSinda, vkvdebio da safrangeTis prezidents guli
gadauSala. Smidtis TanxmobiT Jiskaris mier am ambis
gaxmaurebas CvenTan didi rezonansi ar gamouwvevia. kan-
169
clersac ar endomeboda Tavisi biografiis dakavSireba
antisemitizmTan, am usasrulo TemasTan.
1974 wels brandtis gadadgomiT dasrulda struq-
tura, romelic partiis Tavmjdomareobas da mTavro-
bis meTaurobas erT pirovnebaSi aerTianebda. gayofili
funqciebi gansxvavebul pasuxismgeblobas qmnida. wo-
nasworobis SenarCunebis xelovnebis aTviseba brandtsa
da Smidts jer win hqondaT. Tavmjdomare partiis sa-
qmeebs uZRvnida mTel Tavis Zalisxmevas, uZveles partias
nebismier mTavrobaze didxans unda earseba. federaluri
kancleri ki bundestagis momaval arCevnebze zrunavda
– arCevnebSi mTavari kancleria. orive marTali iyo da,
aqedan gamomdinare, daZabulobis dabalanseba yovelTvis
ar gamosdiodaT.
sagareo politikis sferoSi es SedarebiT ioli aR-
moCnda. Smidtma Taviseburi, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli ur-
TierToba Camoayaliba moskovTan. breJnevs werilebs Tvi-
Tonve swerda da leosac uSualod esaubreboda. Sedegad,
leo Smidts ufro didxans elaparakeboda xolme, vidre
brandts. Zalian moulodneli aRmoCnda CemTvis, rodesac,
erT-erTi Sexvedrisas, Smidtma uceb ikiTxa, Tanaxmaa Tu
ara moskovi, rom federaciulma respublikam Tavisi sa-
valuto rezervebis nawili niu iorkidan moskovSi gadai-
tanoso. manamde sabWoTa kavSiris xelmZRvanelobisTvis
aseTi moumzadebeli kiTxvebi ar dagvisvams. Smidti das-
turs moeloda, magram Semdeg Sexvedraze upasuxes, jer
adreao. marto rom davrCiT, vkiTxe, aseTi nabijis ga-
dadgma federaluri bankis prezidentis, karl oto pio-
lis ukiTxavad Tu SeiZleboda-meTqi. Smidtma damamSvida,
amaze ar iRelvoo. mxolod ori Sexvedris Semdeg gadmom-
ca leom generaluri mdivnis SekiTxva, Tu dageTanxmebiT,
170
ras unda velodeT, me ar damiZalebia kanclerisTvis am
kiTxvis dasmao. amis Taobaze SemdgomSi arcerT mxares
aRar ulaparakia.
1978 wels bonSi meore vizitisas, breJnevs ukve aSka-
rad etyoboda fizikuri da enobrivi SezRudvebi. igi
daeTanxma Smidtis megobrul mipatiJebas hamburgSi, mis
myud ro saxlSi. saubrisas Smidtma aRniSna, Tqven ara-
sodes momityuebixarTo. keTili ganzraxva hqonda da
moskovisTvis eWvis gafantvas isaxavda miznad, maT ain-
teresebdaT, marTla apirebda Tu ara kancleri aRekveTa
evropaSi axali amerikuli raketebis ganTavseba. magram
sityva `motyuebas~ brandtis dros arasdros ar vixmar-
diT, gafacicebul rusebs es ar gamohparviaT.
brandtisa da breJnevis kargi urTierTobebi `xels
aravis uSlida~. ndobis atmosfero isev sufevda maT So-
ris, vili kmayofili iyo, kancleris `arxs~ isev me rom
warvmarTavdi. Smidti daarwmuna, CemTvis gadmoebarebina
ganviTarebis daxmarebis saministro. `saqmes ar avnebs,
Tu zrdasruli adamiani Caibarebso~. 1976 wels, rodesac
holger boirneri visbadenSi gaamweses, partiis Tavmj-
domare da kancleri SeTanxmdenen: me unda gavmxdariyavi
federaciis saqmeTa mwarmoebeli. uxalisod davemorCile,
Tumca, maT gamocdilebaze metyvelebda, rom Cems erT-
gulebas endobodnen. 1980 wlamde sakanonmdeblo vadis
saarCevno kampaniis momzadeba gadavibare. mere ki, is sa-
ministro airCie, romelic gindao, Sempirda Smidti. ase
aRmovCndi me, ubralo kaci, or winaswarmetyvels Soris.
kancleris aparatSi saxelmwifo ministris Tanamdebobaze
rekomendacia hans-iurgen viSnevskis gavuwie, raTa Tavi-
dan amecilebina partiasa da mTavrobas Soris daZabulo-
ba, Tumca yovelTvis ar xerxdeboda.
171
sagareo politikis sferoSi, yvelgan, sadac saSinao
da sagareo politika ikveTeboda da sxvadasxva intere-
sebi ejaxeboda erTmaneTs, iSviaTi ar iyo gaRizianeba
da konfliqtebi. SemTxveviT ar xdeboda, rom partiis
Tavmjdomaresa da kanclers gansxvavebuli prioritete-
bi hqondaT. amas emateboda sakoalicio partnioris faq-
tori. hans-ditrix genSers surda gamxdariyo pirveli
sagareo saqmeTa ministri, romelsac opoziciac dauWer-
da mxars. mogvianebiT, roca `qdk/qsk gaerTianebasTan iyo
koaliciaSi, maSinac amas cdilobda. Cven ki `ganmuxtvis
realisturi politikis~ aucileblobaze gvesaubreboda,
`gaerTianebis~ partniori rom gaxda, mere `ganmuxtvis
politikis gangrZobiTobas~ usvamda xazs.
1981 wlis aprilSi, rodesac kancleri saudis arabeTi-
dan dabrunda, koaliciis viwro wreSi iTqva, rom Smidti
saudis arabeTisTvis, sxva iaraRTan erTad, leopardis
tipis tankebis miyidvis valdebulebas grZnobda. genSers
arc ki uTqvams da arc – ara. me social-demokratiuli
partiis gadawyvetilebebi Sevaxsene, romelic daZabu-
lobis regionebSi iaraRis miwodebas krZalavda. genSer-
ma aRniSna, es saqme gadavdoT, sanam social-demokrati
megobrebi SigniT garkveulano. bwyinvaled vimoqmedeT:
kanclerisTvis ar gviwyeninebia, ise davasruleT sau-
bari da davasamareT Tema. genSeri SmidtTan mimarTeba-
Si ara mxolod taqtikur upiratesobas avlenda, aramed
did diplomatiur niWsac, rac qveyanas gaerTianebis wina
periodSi Zalian waadga. adreve mixvda, gorbaCovs unda
vendoT da mxari unda davuWiroTo, mere dasavleTSi am
pozicias agdebiT `genSerizmi~ uwodes. genSeris faqtori
mets iwonida, vidre misi partia.
172
usafrTxoebis TemaSic ZalTa msgavsi gadanawileba
warmoiSva. brandti uSurvelad aRiarebda Smidtis upi-
ratesobas strategiul sakiTxebSi. rodesac Smidti 1979
wlis dasawyisSi gvadalupis araformaluri samitidan
dabrunda da viwro wreSi iq ganxiluli natos ormagi ga-
dawyvetileba ganmarta, skeptikurad ganwyobilma partiis
Tavmjdomarem xazi gausva, winapirobad sabWoTa kavSirTan
gulaxdili molaparakebebi ar dagvaviwydes, sanam kanc-
leri germaniis miwaze amerikis saSualo manZilis rakete-
bis ganlagebis Tanxmobas ganacxadebso. es ukve sul sxva
ambavia, rom genSerma 1982 wlis Semodgomaze ise imoqme-
da, TiTqos social-demokratiul partias kanclerisTvis
SeiaraRebis saqmeSi mxardaWera ar gamoecxadebinos, maSin,
roca sinamdvileSi Tavis axlo megobar helmut kolTan
erTad ukve SeTanxmebuli iyo axal koaliciaze. Smidti
genSers yovelTvis uyurebda, rogorc brandtis arcTu
sasiamovno danatovars.
brandts SeeZlo partiis Tavmjdomareobis paralelu-
rad kancleric yofiliyo; Smidtma icoda, rom partiis
Tavmjdomaris rangSi erTobas ver SeinarCunebda. Cemi
TandaswrebiT daadastura, rodesac vili kancleris axal
aparatSi ewvia. brandtis mkacri stilis gamo bevri Cioda,
amitom masac mouwia dafiqreba disciplinis Serbilebaze.
brandti uyvardaT, Smidts pativs scemdnen.
federaciis saqmeTa mwarmoeblis rangSi programa
social-demokratiuli partiis mTavari moTxovniT gan-
vamtkice. TiTeul adamians unda SeeZlos Tavisi una-
rebis Rirseuli ganviTareba. kmayofili viyavi; am dros
wavikiTxe telegrafis cnoba, natom neitronis bombis
SemoReba gadawyvitao. es bombi adamianebs daxocavda, ma-
gram xidebsa da Senobebs ar daazianebda. es adamianur
173
Rirsebas ewinaaRmdegeboda. Jurnal `forvertsisTvis~
davwere da aRSfoTeba gamovxate statiaSi – `azrovnebis
garyvnileba~, romelic brandts vaCvene. miTxra, xvalamde
moicadeo. rodesc statia gamoqveynda, federalurma pre-
zidentma Seelma damireka da mirCia, azrs nu Seicvli,
miuxedavad imisa, rom verafers miaRwevo. kanclerisTvis
amas usiamovneba unda moetana. magram Semdeg prezidentma
karterma dagegmil neitronul iaraRze xeli aiRo, ramac
mis mimarT Smidtis kritikuli ganwyoba damatebiTi argu-
mentebiT gaamyara. Cemi statiis gamo kanclers sayveduri
arasodes gamouTqvams.
kabinetis wevri rom gavxdi, Smidtsa da brandts Soris
gansxvavebebi aRmovaCine xelmZRvanelobis stilSi. Smidti
calkeuli Temebis mimarT Tavis pozicias gamoxatavda da
maincdamainc kmayofili ar iyo, roca genSeris elegantu-
robis wyalobiT Secvla uwevda – aseTi iyo misi marTvis
stili. kabinetis social-demokrati wevrebi Tavs grZnob-
dnen saxelmwifo mdivnis rolSi, maT kolegebs Tavisufa-
li demokratebis partiidan ki srulfasovani ministre-
biviT eqceodnen. sxdomebi nel-nela Semoklda. Smidtic,
brandtiviT, boloSi ikiTxavda xolme, kargi anekdoti vin
iciTo. brandti kolegebs alaparakebda da bolos avlen-
da Tavis gansacvifrebel unars, Camoeyalibebina daskvna,
romelsac mere yvela eTanxmeboda, rogorc gadawyve-
tilebas. es iyo misi xelovneba – integracia Zaldautane-
beli marTvis gziT.
partiis gamgeobis sxdomebze Smidti sqeli saqaRaldee-
biT cxaddeboda, dokumentebs amuSavebda da `mosawyen
laqlaqSi~ ar ereoda. rodesac 1983 wels, arCevnebSi da-
marcxebis Semdeg, brandtma partiis axali programis mom-
zadebis idea gaitana, Smidtma es zedmetad miiCnia. `gaer-
174
Tianebisa~ da Tavisufali demokratebisgan gansxvavebiT,
romelTac programa saerTod ar sWirdebodaT, diskusiis
procesi social-demokratiul partias integraciisa da
sakuTar TavSi dasarwmuneblad aucileblad esaWiroebo-
da. Sedegi gacxadda 1989 wels, berlinis kedlis dangre-
vis Semdeg, qveynis sruliad Secvlil viTarebaSi.
1979 wlis bolos slavam damireka, kanclerisTvis
mniSvnelovani da saswrafo ambavi maqvso; Smidts bra-
mis tbaze, agarakze mivageni. Sobis wina dReebi iyo da
mwyra lad Semxvda. leos flensburgSi davxvdi da Smidt-
Tan miviyvane. iq gviambo: `avRaneTSi SevediT. erTi er-
Teuli daeSva aerodromze da sasaxleze miitana ieriSi.
ukve yvelaferi momTavrebulia. xelisufali amini mkvda-
ria. memkvidre ukve daniSnulia. amerikelebma albaT ukve
didi xania ician~. Smidtma upasuxa, karga xani dasWirde-
ba, sanam viTareba Cacxreba da gamoCndeba, ra mdgomareo-
baSia msoflioo. breJnevs Cveni arxiT madloba SeuTva-
la drouli SetyobinebisTvis. rodesac marto davrCiT,
aSkarad daZabulma miTxra: `Cveni megobrebisgan araferi
Semityvia. vnaxoT, erTi, rodis gamoCndebian~. ramdenime
kviris Semdeg, saxelmwifo departamentSi stumrobisas,
TavianTi ucnauri qceva amerikelebs sulac ar auxsniaT.
amaze vilis komentari: `mikvirs, rom gikvirs~.
wesiT, saarCevno kampania partiis centraluri ofi-
sidan unda imarTebodes, magram mniSvnelovani gadawyve-
tilebebis miReba kancleris aparatSi gardauvali iyo.
1980 wels arCevani Smidtsa da Strauss Soris maincda-
mainc Zneli ar unda yofiliyo. Cveni strategiis pirveli
sayrdeni iyo helmut Smidti. meore sayrdenad SegveZlo
gveRiarebina codna, Tu rogor xorcieldeba ganmuxt-
vis politika. magram Semdeg, poloneTSi daZabuli md-
175
gomareobis gamo, kanclerma honekerTan SeTanxmebuli
Sexvedra gaauqma. radioTi Sevityve amis Sesaxeb. Straus-
ma yiJina dasca da ganmuxtvis eiforiis marcxi gvamcno.
pirveli sayrdeni 0,3 procentiT mets Tu mogvitanda wina
arCevnebTan SedarebiT.
arCevnebis dRemde ori kviriT adre vilis samgver-
diani xelnaweri miviRe, igi Tavs gariyulad grZnobda:
`Tavmjdomarisa da Seni monawileobiT dagegmili pres-
konferencia rom kanclerisa da Seni gamosvliT Seicva-
la, saarCevno kampaniis Stabis Canaweridan gavige~. kaci,
romelsac arCevnebi erTxel ukve moego, Tavs daviwyebu-
lad grZnobda, plakatebsa da satelevizio reklmebSic.
`5 oqtombris Semdeg partiam unda gadawyvitos, moxeles
an referents meti ufleba aqvs Tu Tavmjdomares. Tu
saWiro gaxda, partia gaarkvevs ... Zvirfaso egon, rom ar
meTqva, ar SemeZlo, Seni v.~. Cemma megobarma mTeli uk-
mayofileba Cemze gadmoanTxia. aba ra unda eqna? es we-
rili aRarasdros uxsenebia. aseTi iyo vili: emociuri,
koreqtuli boRmas gulSi rom ar Caixvevda.
1981 wels helmuts msubuqi kolafsi daemarTa. Sewyve-
tili saubris gagrZeleba movindome. didi da damfrTxa-
li TvalebiT miyurebda. ramdenime wuTi ugonod viyavi,
mokle mexsierebis aRsadgenad sabuTebs vkiTxulob da
Tavidan vswavlobo. maSinve vilis Sevatyobine da davZine:
`Tuki pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse helmuti amas ver daZ-
levs, gadadgeba~. vilim mipasuxa: `vnaxoT, uqmeebis mere
gamoCndeba~.
Cemma megobarma giunter ferhoigenma, amJamad da-
sustebuli Tavisufal-demokratiuli partiis genera-
lurma mdivanma, Sewuxebulma miTxra, Cveni partiebis
Tavmjdomareebma TavianTi garTulebuli urTierToba
176
aucileblad unda moagvarono. `Tu ver moaxerxeben, koa-
licia daiSleba~. davamSvide, axali wlis dReebi uSfoT-
velad gadaivlis da mere vilaparakoT-meTqi. Tumca amaze
laparaki saWiro aRar aRmoCnda. 1982 wlis seqtemberSi
koalicia daiSala.
wlebis mere gairkva, rom brandti Tavis mogonebebze
muSaobda. Smidtisgan miiRo werili, romelic wamakiTxa.
`unda, rom CemTan kinklaoba moamTavroso~, ixumra. marT-
lac undoda. vilis sikvdilis Semdeg fridrix ebertis
fondi didxans exveweboda ukve oTxmocdaaTs miRweul
Smidts brandtTan mis urTierTobaze elaparaka. igi pa-
suxobda, saamiso Zala aRar Semwevso, magram mzad var
am Temaze gamocdilebis mqone romelime pirovnebas ve-
saubroo da Cemi gvari dausaxelebia. liubekSi Catarebu-
li RonisZieba istoriulze metad saxaliso gakveTilad
iqca, arc natos ormag gadawyvetilebaze dagvixuWavs
Tvali. `We agree to desagree~ – SeiZleba iTqvas daskvnis
saxiT. Cven isev SegveZlo Tvali gagvesworebina erTmane-
TisTvis.
rodesac vilim sabolood migvatova, helmut koli-
sadmi Cemi pativicemis miuxedavad, helmut Smidti gax-
da germaniaSi `didad aRiarebuli saxelmwifo moRvawe~,
romelsac ara marto pativs scemdenen, aramed Seiyvares
kidec.
177
meoTxe nawili – rwmena
axali dasawyisi
ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis federalur ministrad
rom warmadgina, axalma kanclerma didsulovnad mirCia:
`rac ginda, is akeTe, oRond ar gamabrazo~. ganviTare-
bis ministrs, rogorc mas SemoklebiT uwodebdnen, Ta-
namdebobiT ekuTvnis msoflio bankis mmarTveli sabWos
wevroba. msoflio bankis Sefi robert maknamara bolos
samocian wlebSi vnaxe, vilisTan erTad, pentagonSi. ma-
Sindelma Tavdacvis ministrma optimisturad dagvixata
vietnamSi amerikelebis strategia. axla pozicia Seecva-
la da damajereblad zrunavda yvela Rarib ganviTarebad
qveyanaSi mosaxleobis yofa-cxovrebis gaumjobesebaze.
msoflio bankis yrilobis farglebSi Sevxvdi robert mak-
namaras. jer himalaiSi dauviwyari mogzaurobis Sesaxeb
miambo, mere ki Tavisi idea gamacno: gaeros damoukidebe-
li komisiis Seqmnas vgegmav, romelmac siRaribis daZle-
vis koncefcia unda SeimuSavos, sul cota, msoflios am
dauZleveli problemis gadaWris saorientacio gzaze. am
komisiis saukeTeso Tavmjdomared vili brandti mesaxe-
bao. neta Tu daTanxmdebao?
bonSi rom davbrundi da vilis vacnobe, didad ar
gaxarebia, radgan saqmeSi sakmarisad garkveuli ar iyo.
vuTxari, mTeli Cemi saministros kompetencia SegiZlia
gamoiyeno-meTqi da ase gavuqarwyle eWvebi. misi Tanxmoba
erTmaneTis Semavsebel or mosazrebas eyrdoboda. erTi
178
mxriv, sulac ar iyo mimzidveli, mxolod social-de-
mokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomaris rangSi ukana xazidan
gaeZlierebina kancleri da meore mxriv, momxibvlelad
esaxeboda, emogzaura mesame samyaros qveynebSi da axal
problemebsa da adamianebs gascnoboda.
CrdiloeT-samxreTis komisiam brandti mesame samya-
ros mxurvale advokatad aqcia. wevrebs unda moegvare-
binaT CrdiloeTsa da samxreTSi maTi warmomadgenlebis
interesebs Soris dapirispireba. dasavleTs, sxvaTa gver-
diT, britaneTis yofili premieri edvard heTi da Sve-
di olof palme warmoadgendnen. komisiaSi amerikelebic
monawileobdnen, sabWoTa kavSiri ki gaemijna. brandtma
breJnevTan Tavisi kontaqtebis wyalobiT miaRwia, rom
moskovis msoflio ekonomikis da saerTaSoriso urTier-
Tobebis cnobil instituts komisiis eqspertebi mainc mi-
eRo. sabWoTa mecnierebi saerTaSoriso diskusiebSi mo na-
wileobas iRebdnen da xSirad gamoxatavdnen wuxils, rom
maTi mTavroba Tanamedrove miRwevebis ukan miCanCalebda.
mxolod 1980 wels usafrTxoebisa da ganiaraRebis Temaze
Seqmnil palmes komisiaSi miavlina moskovma monawileebi.
CrdiloeT-samxreTis komisiis sxdomebSi, romelTac
me stumris statusiT veswrebodi, SeiaraRebaze gamoyo-
fili uzarmazari Tanxebis Semxedvare samxreTis warmo-
madgenlebi prioritetad siRaribis winaaRmdeg brZolis
gamocxadebas iTxovdnen. didi Zalisxmeva dasWirda maT
darwmunebas, rom mesame msoflio omis Tavidan acile-
ba ufro didi prioriteti iyo. mxolod maSin SeZlebda
CrdiloeTi mTeli Zala siRaribis dasaZlevad miemarTa.
dResac mrcxvenia, rom civi omis dasasrulis Semdeg arc
mdidar industriul da arc ganviTarebad qveynebs Ta-
vianTi danapirebi ar gaxsenebiaT.
179
brandtis komisiis yvela wevrs, rogorc mas male ewo-
da, aerTianebdaT Tavmjdomaris avtoritetisa da Sors-
mWvretelobis pativiscema. brandtis mier 1980 wels
wardgenil moxsenebaSi, `uzrunvelvyoT gadarCena~ ga-
nixileboda iseTi globaluri problemebi, rogoricaa
SimSili, mosaxleobis zrda, energia, nedleuli, vaWroba,
valuta, investiciebi da organizaciebi – rasakvirvelia,
mSvidobian droSi, agreTve Raribsa da mdidars Soris
solidarobis pirobebSi. aravis moxvedria TvalSi, rom
naklebad mcired moixsenieboda demokratia da saerTod
ar iyo saubari adamianis uflebebze.
federaciul respublikaSi moxseneba memarcxeneobis
gamoxatulebad aRiqves da gaakritikes kidec. usafrTxoe-
baze amerikelebi zrunavdnen da miiCnevdnen, rom mo-
saxleobis umetesobas mzardi keTildReoba ufro ainte-
resebs, vidre RatakTa mimarT solidarobis zrdao. 1985
wels vili brandtma gaeros Stab-binaSi mesame msoflios
premia miiRo. sapremio TanxiT bonSi Seqmna ganviTarebi-
sa da mSvidobis fondi, romlis avtoritetsac dResac
pativs scemen da afaseben. komisiaSi moRvaweobis damTa-
vrebis Semdeg, brandti politikurad da ideurad ufro
marcxniv gadaixara, vidre manamde.
180
usafrTxoeba visTvis?
berlinis kedlis aRmarTviT miRebuli damTrgunavi ganc-
da, rom Senze ZlevamosilTa gavlenis obieqti xar, gai-
Zulebs sakuTar interesebs sustis poziciidan Sexedo.
brandtisaTvis da cxadia, CemTvisac frangi generlis,
Sarl de golis didebuli pirovneba iyo saukeTeso maga-
liTi imisa, Tu ras SeiZleba miaRwios sami kidev ufro
Zlieris gaerTianebam – vaSingtonma, londonma da mos-
kovma. amave dros, misi roli gafrTxilebad unda migve-
Ro: masStaburi aRiarebisTvis, romelsac misi politiku-
ri avtoriteti namdvilad Seesabameboda, safrangeTi
mcire asparezi iyo. sakuTari Zalebis marTebul gamoye-
nebaze iyo damokidebuli, ampartavnoba tragikul marcxa-
mde miiyvanda Tu realizmi – moulodnel warmatebamde
ufro Zliers dasWideboda. es warmoadgenda brandtsa
da Cem Soris mravaljer gamarTuli saubris amosavals,
germaniisaTvis da germaniisgan usafrTxoebis kompleqsis
ganxilvisas.
brandtma 1964 wels Foreign Policy Association-Si sityviT
gamosvlisas pativiscemiT moixsenia de goli da Tanac
ritorikulad ikiTxa: `mainc ratom sul is?~ aRelvebuls
am kiTxvisTvis pasuxi ar gaucia, usiamovnebas moerida.
generals vumadlodiT samSobloebis evropul ideas da
181
aqedan gamomdinareobda, rom federaluri respublikac
SeiZleboda sakuTari moTxovnilebisa da sakuTari inte-
resebis mimdevrad darCeniliyo da amave dros, aliansis
erTgulic. kidev ufro Sors Tu wavalT: eri evropa-
Si rom ar STainTqa da amerikis qveSevrdomebic rom ar
viyaviT.
generlis komentari atomur iaraRze dRemde ZalaSia:
arcerTi qveyana ar uziarebs sxvas am iaraRis Taobaze
gadawyvetilebas, arc Tavis saukeTeso megobars, radgan
am iaraRis gamoyeneba gansazRvravs sakuTari eris beds,
xolo aseTi gadawyvetilebis sxva qveynisTan gaziareba,
gamoricxulia. es elementaruli Sexeduleba elementa-
ruli iaraRis mimarT, rac artileriis ganviTarebaze
ufro metad mniSvnelovania, brandtma politikurad ase
gaSifra: `oTx gamarjvebul Zalas SeuZlia momavalSic
ikamaTos 999 sakiTxze. magram erTSi Tanxmdebian: germa-
nelebi arasdros ar unda flobdnen atomur iaraRs~.
am Sexedulebas iziarebda brandti 1962 wels kenedis-
Tan saubarSic. uazrobaa dagegmili multilateraluri
atomuri Zalis gaSveba zRvaSi, birTvuli monawileobis
STabeWdilebis Sesaqmnelado. es alianssac ki azianebs,
radgan kapitani amerikeli unda iyos da atomuri iara-
Ric amerikelebma unda gamoiyenono. aliansis sxva wevre-
bi mzareulebis, cecxlfareSebis da mezRvaurebis rols
unda dasjerdneno. kenedim amoisunTqa. orivem, ase rom
vTqvaT, floti manam CaZira, sanam zRvaSi gavidoda da
sxvebsac da sakuTar Tavsac seriozuli usiamovneba aa-
cila Tavidan.
brandtma berlinis kedlis aRmarTvis magaliTidan ga-
moitana das kvnebi. arc berlinisTvis iomebda ori didi
Zala, rogorc kenedim moswera. sicocxlis bolomde ar
182
dasWirvebia azri Seecvala: orive super-saxelmwifos Ta-
visi interkontinenturi atomuri iaraRiT hqonda Zalau-
fleba da pasuxismgebloba da isini veravin CaiTria ato-
mur konfliqtSi, radgan klasikuri gagebiT `gamarjvebas~
vercerTi moipovebda. riski Zalian didi iqneboda. maT
urTierT Soris aRmarTes atomuri fari, romelmac Ta-
vad isini, maTi mokavSireni da yvela danarCeni daicva.
dRes viciT, rom man germaniis gaerTianebasac ki gauZlo.
es atomuri fari akavSirebda dromoWmul wuxils. amaso-
baSi, samxedro TvalsazrisiT ararelevantur germaniasa
da germaniis usafrTxoebaze safrangeTis atomur suve-
renulobasTan erTad, man maSinac ganapiroba, rom evro-
paSi atomur Zalas ar earseba. evropis TviTdamkvidreba
dResac konvenciuri jaris doniT ifargleba.
brandts principulad sjeroda, rom evropaSi mSvido-
bis SenarCunebis saqme vaSingtonisa da moskovis gareSe
ar gamovidoda. es geostrategiuli rwmena aTwleulobiT
gahyva da ver Searyia veranairma mwvave movlenam, verc
natos ormagi xelSekrulebis gamo dapirispirebam oTx-
mociani wlebis dasawyisSi. brandts arasodes SeSinebia,
rom ori didi Zala movlenebis ganiviTarebaze kontrols
dakargavda. msoflio politikur realobaze orientacia
damajereblobas matebda mis xedvas.
erTi magaliTi: jon makkloim, aSS-s yofilma maRa-
li rangis komisarma federaciul respublikaSi, samo-
ciani wlebis dasawyisSi erTxel viwro wreSi vaxSamze
dagvpatiJa. es is dro iyo, roca de golma ingliss uari
uTxra evropis ekonomikur gaerTianebaSi miRebaze da
aliansis samxedro organizaciidan gasvlas fiqrobda.
makkloi gvarwmunebda, germanelebma unda SeaCeroTo da
183
dagvemuqra: `Tu amas ar izamT, aqedan jars gaviyvanTo~.
brandtma mSvidad miugo: `ar mjera~.
brandtma icoda, rom usafrTxoebis sakiTxSi aRmate-
buli, upiratesi pozicia ekava. `raketebis dasaTvle-
lad, maTi moqmedebis manZilis gansasazRvrad da muqa-
ris TeoriebisTvis arseboben Tavdacvis ministrebi da
eqspertebi~. Smidtsa da mec gvgulisxmobda. `maTze Tu
midga saqme, ese igi, politikam Caisvara. politikam unda
SeZlos, rom maTi wuxili da Teoriebi arasodes gamovca-
doT~. SeiZleba qedmaRluri mogCvenebodaT misi naTqvami,
magram marTali aRmoCnda: omi ar dagvtexia Tavs. raRa
azri aqvs imaze msjelobas, ra daujdaT saxelmwifoebs
samxedro-teqnikuri aRWurva. Cven, evropelebi sworad
moviqeciT, rom politikuri goniereba davayeneT samxed-
ro saqmeze win.
brandts yovelTvis ainteresebda politikur-strate-
giuli sakiTxebi. amis saukeTeso magaliTia breJnevTan
Sexvedra yirimSi 1971 wels. moskovis xelSekrulebis gziT,
politikuri CarCos dagegmvis Semdeg, unda gvepova War-
bi Cveulebrivi iaraRis Semcirebis gza da amgvarad meti
usafrTxoebisTvis migveRwia orive mxaresTvis, Tanac ise,
rom arc erTi ar dazaralebuliyo. saaTobiT vukirkiteb-
diT Sesatyvis frazebs Cveni miznis misaRwevad. Cveule-
brivi SeiaraRebis Semcirebis xelSekrulebas Semdeg ewo-
da MBFr – urTierTSeTanxmebuli Semcireba. samxedro
saqmeze pasuxismgebelTa Caketil wreSive CaixSoboda,
gorbaCobs rom ar gadaerCina. varSavis xelSekrulebas
saxelmwifo ebi maSinac icavdnen, roca igi aRar arsebob-
da. SeTanxmeba yvela monawilis intersebs Seesabameboda.
1981 wlis zafxulSi brandtma moskovuri STabeWdile-
bebis kvaldakval gagviziara mosazreba, rom or mxares
184
Soris nulovani gadawyvetileba gaaqrobs Sesabamis ame-
rikul da sabWoTa raketebs frangulisa da britanulis
xelSeuxeblado. bonSi am ideas `ararealuri~ uwodes da
mxari ar dauWires. rodesac ronald reiganma gorbaCov-
Tan zustad es moilaparaka, germaniam erTxmad dauWira
mxari. brandtis politikur-strategiuli Wvretis unari,
samwuxarod, misi gadadgomis Semdeg, gamouyenebeli dar-
Ca.
*
henri kisinjerma brandtsa da Smidts gamorCeuli pi-
rovnebebi uwoda. maT Soris msgavsebac iseTive saoca-
ria, rogoric gansxvavebao. rodesac 1970 wels brandts
Sevatyobine, rom Smidtma Tavis amerikel kolegasTan,
melvin lerdTan erTad aRkveTa baltiis zRvidan bio-
mis tyemde asobiT amerikuli atomuri naRmis gadatana,
pasuxmac ar daayovna: `erTi sazrunaviT naklebi gveqne-
bao~. da Segvaqo, rom es sanimuSo qmedeba ar gasajarov-
da, ar iyo saWiro, xalxi zedmetad SegveSinebina atomuri
safrTxiT. mogvianebiT daeTanxma Cvens mcdelobas, rome-
lic Smidtma da me erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad wamo-
viwyeT – aRgvekveTa amerikuli raketebis miwaze ganTa-
vseba, amerikuli wyalqveSa navebis da frTiani raketebis
aRWurvis moTxovniT. amerikelebi ambobdnen, teqnikurad
SeuZlebeliao. rodesac es procesi axali saSualo manZi-
lis raketebis miwaze ganlagebisas SesaZlebeli aRmoCnda,
Tavi motyuebulad vigrZeniT.
kisinjeris erT-erTi vizitisas, romelic amasobaSi
sagareo saqmeTa ministri gamxdariyo, strategiuli iara-
185
Ris Semcirebis Sesaxeb JenevaSi mimdinare molaparakebebis
mdgomareobiT davinteresdi. rodesac henrim detalurad
daiwyo moyola, Sevawyvetine: `amdeni wvrilmani ra saWi-
roa. me is mainteresebs, iqneba Tu ara Sedegi da rodis.
absoluturad gvjera, rom dasavleTis interesebis gaTva-
liswinebiT, Secdomas ar dauSvebT~. Smidts rom vuyvebo-
di am saubris Sesaxeb, omaxianad da xmamaRla Semawyveti-
na: `arasworad moqceulxar! detalebi unda gamogekiTxa
henrisTvis. Zalian gvainteresebs, sasicocxlodac ki~.
brandtma Tavi gaiqnia: eWvi mepareba, rom germanias rame
gavlena eqneba sakiTxze, romelsac mxolod amerikelebi
da rusebi wyveteno. igi xedavda Cveni SesaZleblobebis
da Zalauflebis sazRvrebs.
amasTan, igi xedavda da aRiarebda, rom 1980 wels mos-
kovis samxedro xelmZRvanelobasTan Smidtis saubrebis
Sedegad, bons, rogorc partniors strategiul sakiTxeb-
Si, angariSs uwevdnen. magram bolos mainc vaSingtoni da
moskovi gadawyvetdnen yvelafers. Cven maTi gadawyve-
tilebis obieqti viqnebodiT – iqneboda es orive germa-
nul saxelmwifoSi raketebis ganlageba Tu maTi Semdgomi
gadawyvetileba raketebis isev gatanis Taobaze. brandtis
gansxvavebuli Sexedulebis miuxedavad, mas kargad esmo-
da kancleris imedgacrueba, roca igi arc saqmis kurs-
Si Caayenes da arc araferi SeuTanxmes, roca amerikel-
ma da sabWoTa momlaparakeblebma pol nitcem da iuli
kviCinskim Jenevis maxloblad tyeSi cnobili seirnobis
dros miaRwies molaparakebebis Sedegs, romelic Smidtis-
Tvisac sruliad misaRebi aRmoCnda.
brandti Smidtis im midgomasac eTanxmeboda, rom ga-
damwyvet momentSi bundesverisTvis ukanaskneli brZane-
bis gacemis ufleba mas hqonda: ar damorCilebodnen ame-
186
rikelebis mier atomuri iaraRis gamoyenebis brZanebas,
romelTaTvisac gaTvaliswinebuli iyo lancis raketebiT
germanuli danayofebis aRWurva. liubekamde da hambur-
gamde wvdomis unariT yvelafers gaanadgurebdnen, rac
daucavi iqneboda. brandti Smidts eTanxmeboda, rom za-
rali germaneli xalxisTvis unda aecilebinaT, Sesabami-
sad, germaneli xalxis keTildReoba ufro maRla unda
dagveyenebina, vidre natosi.
da mainc, partiis Tavmjdomare aseT situaciaSi aR-
moCnda: erTis mxriv unda gaemagrebina kancleris pozi-
cia, meore mxriv – SeenarCunebina partiis erToba da Tan
ar unda daekarga gavlena samSvidobo moZraobaze. kon-
fliqti daprogramirebuli iyo mas Semdeg, rac Smidti
kanclerobiT Semoifargla da partiis momavali brandts
gadauloca, nebsiT Tu uneblieT, siamovnebiT Tu piriqiT.
raketebma sakuTari dinamika ganaviTares. orive ger-
manuli saxelmwifo maTi mflobelebis mZevlebad iqca.
perSingebs Svidi wuTi sWirdebodaT moskovamde, gdr-Si
ganlagebul sabWoTa raketebs maqsimum ori wuTi, rom
amerikuli raketebi gasrolamde gaenadgurebinaT. arc
adamians da arc teqnikas ar hqondaT Secdomis daSvebis
ufleba. Smidti ver aRudgeboda federaciuli respu-
blikis, rogorc miznis singularizacias. kviCinskim mos-
kovSi damidastura: `ramdenic gindaT, imdeni perSingi
ganalageT. Cven maTi mogeriebisTvis mzad varT~. vinc
pirveli daaWers TiTs Rilaks, upiratesobac mas eqneba.
federalurma kanclerma perSingis raketebis ganlage-
baze Tanxmoba warmatebul molaparakebebs daukavSira da
amiT SeinarCuna wnexi moskovsa da vaSingtonze. Cemi va-
raudi, rom amerikelebs sulac ar undodaT dadebiTi Se-
degis miRweva, mogvianebiT strob talbotma daadastura
187
Tavis wignSi `raketebi saWadrako dafaze~, igi am sakiTx-
Si kargad erkveoda, Tanac klintonis administraciaSi
sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgile gaxldaT. maT Cveni
gacureba surdaT. kolis wyalobiT es aRar dasWirdaT,
man germaniis moTxovnebi moxsna. bedma gagviRima.
raketebis sakiTxSi partiis da federaluri mTavrobis
winaSe, agreTve, dasavleli da aRmosavleli partniorebis
winaSe pasuxismgeblobas vgrZnobdi: Cems midgomas rake-
tebis ganlageba SeeZlo Seeferxebina. raketebi sindisis
sakiTxad iqca; maTi Sekaveba ukve SeuZlebeli iyo. me, ro-
gorc federaciis saqmeTa mwarmoebeli ver ganvacxadebdi
Cemi rwmenis sapirispiros. 1981 wlis bolos gadavdeqi da
federalur kanclers Sevatyobine, momavalSi `Cemi mTava-
ri sazrunavi iqneba SeiaraRebis Semcirebis politikuri
mxare, radgan mimaCnia, rom es iqneba momavali wlebis yve-
laze mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, sxvaTa Soris, partiisTvisac~.
brandts Cemi gadarwmuneba arc ucdia. dainteresda, awi
ras apirebo. vupasuxe, ganiaraRebisTvis vibrZoleb-meTqi.
Cailaparaka: `mTeli darCenili sicocxle dasWirdeba mag
saqmes~. marTali aRmoCnda.
188
partniori – amerika
miuxedavad pasuxismgeblobis gansxvavebuli sferoebisa,
brandti da Smidti erT sakiTxSi Tanxmdebodnen: amerikis
gareSe araferi gamovidoda. orivem icoda: 1953 wlis 17
ivnisis sahaero xidi, aRmosavleTis xelSekrulebebi, oTxi
gamarjvebuli Zalis xelSekruleba berlinis Sesaxeb da
sabaziso principebis xelSekruleba, helsinkis 1975 wlis
daskvniTi aqti da 1991 wlis samSvidobo xelSekruleba,
romelsac, gasagebi mizezebis gamo, ase ar uwodebdnen
– amerikis mxardaWeris gareSe istoria sxvanairad ganvi-
Tardeboda. Riad darCeboda, rodis da rogor daibruneb-
da germania 1945 wels raixis mier dakargul SeuzRudav
suverenitets, an saerTod daibrunebda Tu ara SeerTebu-
li Statebis Tanadgomis gareSe. natos arsebobis aucile-
blobas civi omis dasrulebis Semdegac, orive aRiarebda.
amerikelebis interesebi rom ar SeizRudeboda, marSalis
gegmisas ukve gamoCnda.
uaRresad mWidro atlantikuri kavSirebis, maTi isto-
riuli da ekonomikuri fesvebis da saerTo Rirebulebe-
bis SefasebaSic eTanxmebodnen erTmaneTs. aliansi Tavis
wevrebs hpirdeboda usafrTxoebis organizacias, marTvas
da koordinacias gareT da stabilurobas SigniT, Tu ger-
189
mania uflebebs gadaaWarbebda, rac im qaosSi, romelsac
evrokavSiri ewodeba, warmoudgeneli iyo da aris.
`nato amerikis sakuTreba ar aris~ – Smidtis es sak-
maod xmamaRali gansazRvreba, romelSic Tanasworufle-
bianobis moTxovna, amerikisgan emansipaciac gamosWvio-
da, brandts arasodes moadgeboda pirze. ara mxolod
imitom, rom xalxTaSorisi samarTlis mixedviT swori,
magram politikurad araswori iyo, aramed imitom, rom
realobas mainc ver Secvlida. am dros, kacma rom Tqvas,
isic imaves fiqrobda; magaliTad, roca ambobda: `evro-
paSi federaciul respublikas naTesavebi hyavs, amerikaSi
– partniorebi. visac evropis TviTgamorkveva surs, va-
Singtons ar unda gadaulocos es saqme. amerikas, evropis
ZiZas, aTwleulebis manZilze, es unda Seecno. es Seesabame-
boda `evropis evropeizaciis~ formulas, romelic Cemma
ufrosma megobarma, peter benderma daamkvidra. magram
ultimatumis eniT laparaki, romelic dapirispirebis
sababs iZleva da realobas mainc ver Secvlis, brandts
ar axasiaTebda. mis sagareo politikur msoflmxedve-
lobas ufro Seesabameboda formula – isic da isic. am
midgomiT Tavs ise myarad grZnobda, rom aqa-iq Tu vinme
dascinebda, arc aRelvebda da arc azrs Seacvlevinebda.
warmodgena, rom brandtis megobruli grZnobebi ame-
rikis mimarT arakritikuli iyo, maamebluri an uproble-
mo, absoluturad arasworia. niu iorkSi jer namyofic
ar viyavi, roca Cemi usazRvro aRtaceba am qalaqis mi-
marT safuZvlianad Seirya. samociani wlebis dasawyisSi
`valdorf-astorias~ mimdebare quCebSi davseirnobdiT,
am sastumroSi vcxovrobdiT, rodesac brandtma amixsna,
ratom ver grZnobda Tavs aq kargad: `es aris ampartavno-
bis da arogantulobis niSani, mTeli es caTambjenebi ada-
190
mianis gazviadebuli warmodgenis gamoxatulebaa. aq rom
rame moxdes!~ brandti yovelTvis adamianuri ganzomile-
bis erTguli iyo.
robert maknamaram sarwmunod agvixsna, ratom moigeb-
da amerika oms vietnamSi. Semdeg brandts gavende, ame-
rikis Tavdacvis ministri valter halStains maxsenebs,
misi gdr-is mimarT erTaderTi warmomadgenlis doqtri-
nis gamo-meTqi: Senoba STabeWdilebas axdens, sanam ar
mixvdebi, rom Seuferebel adgilas dgas. vilim mipasuxa,
am wuTas tipiuri amerikuli ampartavnobis magaliTi mo-
vismineT, materialuri da teqnikuri swrafvis gamo ada-
mianebs arasaTanadod afaseben, gansakuTrebiT, Tu saqme
exeba egreT wodebul `CamorCenilebs~ ganviTarebadi
qveynebidano. erTnairad vfiqrobdiT, rom amerika viet-
namSi oms waagebda. mxolod is ar vicodiT, rodis da ro-
gor. brandtma xazi gaavlo koreasa da kubis winaaRmdeg
`Rorebis yureSi~ warumatebel operacias Soris da or-
mag fsiqologiur tvirTze miuTiTa, romelic warmatebiT
ganebivrebul qveyanas daawveboda: rogor gadaamuSavebda
wagebasa da tvirTs, Tuki demokratiuli super-saxelmwi-
foc SeiZleboda aRmoCeniliyo damnaSave? amis gacnobie-
rebam mas Tavisi qveynis SigniTac Camouyaliba pozicia,
amerikis mimarT kritikuli azri, arasodes gamoeTqva
raoden popularuli ar unda yofiliyo. `gaWirvebaSi Ca-
vardnil megobars unda daexmaro~. politikur vaSingtons
es damokidebuleba SeumCneveli ar darCenia.
niu iorkSi seirnobisas vilis ar gamohparvia civi,
mtruli mzera, romliTac feradkanianebi xvdebodnen qu-
CaSi. Tvalebs Wutavda, roca mZRoli RilakiT gviketavda
manqanis karebs iseT kvartlebSi, sadac TiTqos arcerTi
TeTrkaniani ar cxovrobda. qveynis regeneraciis gasaoca-
191
ri Zalis miuxedavad, feradkanian da TeTr saxelmwifoe-
bs Soris daZabulobas ar gamoricxavda – Sefaseba, rome-
lic mogvianebiT Searbila. am winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse
kontinentis, saxelad aSS-s mimarT didi keTilganwyobis
miuxedavad, sadac TvalsaCinoa civilizaciis miRwevebi,
uxvadaa araCveulebrivi fondebi da, meore mxriv, Znelad
gasagebi kanonebi iaraRis Sesaxeb da sikvdiliT dasja –
evropeli brandtisTvis es qveyana gaucxoebulad darCa.
iq Tavs Sin ver grZnobda. magram amerikis roli ucvleli
rCeboda.
192
satrfo, romelsac sasowarkveTamde
mihyavxar (evropa)
axali federaluri kancleris, vili brandtis pirveli
sagareo politikuri qmedeba evropas eZRvneboda. ufro
zustad: amayobda, rom 1969 wlis dekemberSi haagaSi sa-
frangeTis prezident JorJ pompidusTan da oTxi sxva
qveynis mTavrobebis meTaurebTan erTad mwvane Suqi aun-
To inglisis gaerTianebas evropul TanamegobrobaSi,
rasac didxans ewinaaRmdegeboda safrangeTi. demokra-
tiis samSoblos da skandinaviuri elementis gareSe –
mas evropa Znelad Tu warmoedgina. is, rom safrangeTi
inglisis gverdiT Tavs ukeT igrZnobda, rodesac ger-
manelebi aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT gaaaqtiurebdnen
ganmuxtvis politikis gatarebas, ar aRelvebda. wlebis
Semdeg amovikiTxe jorj kenanis mogonebebSi: – roca
1949 wels vimogzaure evropaSi, mivxvdi, rom evropuli
gaerTianebis yvela warmodgena marcxiT damTavrdeboda,
romelic kontinentze inglisis sabolood mibmas gadawy-
vetdao; britaneTis gansakuTrebuli urTierTobebi aSS-
sTan yovelTvis prioritetuli darCebao. – oTxmociani
wlebis dasawyisSi gavumaxvile yuradReba vilis kenanis
prognozze, romelic amasobaSi bevrjer gamarTlda. misi
Cveuli fraza movismine: `eg adre unda geTqva~.
193
amas maSin unda mivmxvdariyaviT, roca brandti 1962
wels londonSi sityviT gamovida da leiboristuli par-
tiis TavmjdomareTa Soris evropis mimarT yvelaze ke-
Tilganwyobilma hiu geitskelma wesierad arc ki mous-
mina. brandtis mier gamoTqmuli rwmena, inglisi evropis
nawiliao, xmamaRali SeZaxilebiT miiRes. gaitskeli
mikrofons mivarda da siCume moiTxova `Cveni wyalgaRma
megobrebisTvis~. es xumroba ar iyo. ara marto la manSze
Camowolili sqeli nislis dros aRiqmeboda britaneTis
kunZulze evropa ucxo kontinentad – es ganwyoba hqon-
da yvela partias da Seesabameboda sazogadoebis saerTo
ganwyobasac.
1970 wlis TebervalSi erTxel, sadilobis Semdeg, ue-
crad mkiTxa gromikom: `rodis iqneba, rom evropa erTi
xmiT ilaparakebs?~ am wuxilis mizezi evropis ekono-
mikur gaerTianebas moskovisTvis erTxel ukve mieca. me
vupasuxe: `oc weliwadSi Tavidan mkiTxeT~ is ki daeWve-
buli CameZia: `marTla ase fiqrobT?~
kanclers rom vuambe da Tan davarwmune, rom marTla
ase vfiqrobdi, misma reaqciamac ar daayovna: `gamous-
worebeli defetisti xar~. ver warmoedgina, rom es pro-
cesi amden xans gaWianurdeboda. rasakvirvelia, wamiT ar
ufiqria, rom germaniis gaerTianebas ufro swrafad mi-
vaRwevdiT vidre evropis qmediTunarianobas saerTaSo-
riso sarbielze. ormoci wlis Semdeg darwmunebiT isev
Zneli saTqmelia, rodis mivaRwevT erTi xmiT laparakis
gacxadebul mizans.
erTxel vilim misayvedura, saTanadod ar gainterese-
bs evropao, vupasuxe, eqvsi dedaqalaqidan TiTeulSi zis
sul cota eqvsi uaRresad gonieri adamiani, romlebic
am Temaze muSaoben. hoda, aravis avnebs, me aRmosavleT
evropas Tu mivxedav-meTqi.
194
rasakvirvelia, brandtma didad gaixara, ganmuxtvis
politikam iseTi Sedegi rom gamoiRo, romelmac evropa
Secvala. magram amas xeli ar SeuSlia misTvis, qvevidan
ganxorcielebuli wnexis saSualebiT ecada, evropa metad
daefrTianebina. kabinetis erT-erT sxdomaze isev ima-
ze vmsjelobdiT, rogor mogvexerxebina, rom evropuli
sabWos Semdegi sxdoma cota ufro mniSvnelovani da sain-
tereso gagvexada. aRar maxsovs, vis moafiqrda pirvels
evropuli arCevnebis Catarebis idea. am ideam mogvnusxa
da aRgvafrTovana. brandtma maSinve gaaqarwyla sawinaaR-
mdego argumenti, evropis parlaments konpetencia saer-
Tod ar gaaCniao: `parlamenti Tavad moipovebs saWiro
uflebebs~. ase Catarda 1979 wels evropuli parlamentis
pirveli pirdapiri arCevnebi. brandti iyo siis pirveli
nomeri, Tavis SecdomaSi darwmunebas moeswro. evropis
gaerTianeba gamofxizlebis nel gzas daadga, romelic
dResac ar dasrulebula.
britaneTis politikam daamuxruWa da matarebels
Seaxta, ufro efeqturi damuxruWebis saSualeba rom moe-
povebina; ukeTesi kontrolisTvis briuselSic ki Cavida
da megi TetCerma bolos ukan moiTxova `Tavisi fuli~.
kisinjeri Cioda, evropas romel telefonze davureko,
ar vicio, Tumca didad es ambavi ar aRelvebda. brandti
sakmaod Wkviani iyo imis misaxvedrad, rom evropis gareT
did qveynebs mxolod sakuTari interesebi amoZravebdaT,
sxvanairad verc iqneboda. saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba
evropas keTil survilebs ugzavnida, magram aRar sjero-
da, rom igi aTwleulebis win dadebul fics Seasrulebda.
am Temaze eWvis gamoTqma ar SeiZleboda: veravin uar-
yofda, rom ekonomikurma TanamSromlobam natvra aaxdina.
faqtiurad, warmoudgeneli gaxda evropul saxel mwifoebs
195
Soris omebi, maTi mWidro kavSirebis gamo. meore msoflio
omis Semdeg miRweuli es didi warmateba erovnuli suve-
renitetis evropaze gadanawilebas moiTxovda. es rTuli
ar aRmoCnda, radgan aRmosavleTis safrTxis winaaRmdeg
usafrTxoebis garantias amerika iZleoda natos saSuale-
biT. rodesac 1969 wels de golma Tanamdeboba datova
inglisis, norvegiis, daniis da irlandiis gaerTianebaSi
Sesvlas win araferi edga (mxolod vilis norvegiele-
bma Tqves uari plebiscitis gziT), evropul gaerTiane-
bas 1973 wlis pirvel ianvars sami axali wevri SeuerTda.
brandti imediT aRivso, rodesac CrdiloeT-samxreTis
komisiis wevri da inglisis istoriaSi evropisadmi yve-
laze keTilganwyobili konservatori politikosi edvard
heTi britaneTis mTavrobis saTaveSi movida. misi marcxis
Semdeg iseTi imedgacruebulebi aRar vyofilvarT, roca
Semdgomma leiboristulma mTavrobebma aSS-sTan gan-
sakuTrebuli urTierTobebis prioriteti SeinarCunes.
sabWoTa kavSiris mSvidobiani dasasrulis Semdeg aR-
mo savleTidan samxedro muqara aRar ismoda. axla upria-
ni iq ne boda, evrokavSirze nacionaluri suverenitetis
gadatana gagrZelebuliyo, miTumetes, rom maastrixtis
xelSekrulebam erToblivi sagareo da usafrTxoebis po-
litikis gza gakvala. magram aRmosavleTidan mosalod-
neli muqaris gareSe da kontinentze amerikis Semdgomi
darCenis imediT, evropis saxelmwifoTa nawils egona,
rom patar-patara omebis warmoebis fufuneba eqnebodaT,
Tanac, riskis gareSe. maastrixts 1992 wels, vili brand-
tis gardacvalebis wels, Tormetma wevrma saxelmwifom
moawera xeli. ase aRsrulda misi zrunva evropaze, rome-
lic mas ase uyvarda.
196
aTi wlis Semdeg SemoviReT saerTo valuta, inglisis
gareSe. britanuli interesebis Sesabamisad, gaerTianeba
gafarTovda, magram ar gaRrmavebula. amasobaSi evrokav-
Sirs ocdaSvili wevri hyavs, kidev sami `karze akakunebs~.
yoveli axali wevris SemomatebiT ufro Zneldeba misi
marTva.
amerikas SeuZlia wynarad iyos: inglisi vaSingtons
aZlevs garantias, rom evropuli saxelmwifoebis mZlavri
gaerTianebis magivrad, SeuZlia bevr qveyanas elaparakos.
amasobaSi mwifdeba azri, rom evropis TviTgamorkveva
mxolod evros valutis mqone qveynebis jgufSi aris Se-
saZlebeli, maSasadame, didi britaneTis da evrokavSiris
sxva qveynebis gamoklebiT. aucileblad unda gadailaxos
evropis aRmosavleTad da dasavleTad dayofis Zveli sqe-
ma da poloneTi mainc, albaT CexeTic, unda SeuerTdnen
evros zonas. brandti imedgacruebiT Seafasebda dRevan-
del process Tu pragmatulad, ver getyviT. mgonia, rom
evrozonasa da evrokavSirs Soris gadauWrel daZabulo-
bas ver warmoidgenda.
mahaTma gandis Zaladobaze uaris Tqmis politikam
in doeTis kontinents didi britaneTisgan politikuri
da moukidebloba moutana. evropis TviTgamorkveva, ame-
rikis usafrTxoebis proteqtoratis rangSi, ucvlelad
grZeldeba. Tuki vaSingtoni da moskovi ver moaxerxeben
erToblivad moigerion raketebi, SeiZleba Sedegad evro-
pa xelaxla gadaiaraRdes, maT Soris, germaniac. SesaZle-
belia ganmuxtvis politikis dasasruli dadges, rasac
brandti verc ki warmoidgenda.
197
Seican Tavi Seni
bevrjer uTqvamT, brandtis gamonaTqvamebi winaswarmety-
velebas hgavso. `Seican Tavi Seni~ – kunZul delfize apo-
lonis taZris warwera, vili brandtis, rogorc adamianis
Sesacnobadac gamodgeba.
Tuki cxovrebam raime gakveTili Cautara, upirve-
les yovlisa, is, rom mbrZaneblobis unari ar gaaCnda.
Tavs Tavisufal adamianad grZnobda, ufro Tavisuflad,
vidre qveyana, romelSic igi dabrunda. da mainc uwev-
da Segueboda dauZlevel garemoebebs. saxeobaTa Sesaxeb
moZRvrebaSi Segueba warmatebis receptia gadarCenisTvis
brZolaSi. brandtma es meTodi manam gaiTavisa, sanam ber-
linis mmarTveli meri gaxdeboda. undoda damajerebeli
yofiliyo da arafers dagidevdaT, rom berlinis konsti-
tucia mimarTulebis gansazRvris kompetencias ar aniWeb-
da. konsensusis gziT gamarjvebis miRweva iqca mis Zlier
mxared; es Tviseba federaluri kanclerobis drosac ga-
moavlina. horst emkem moswrebulad SeniSna: `ufrosis
rolSi yofna ar uyvars~. didxans grZnobda Tavs sxvaTa
da garemoebaTa `gavlenis qveS~. xandaxan minatria, vilis
meti simtkice gamoeCina partiis SigniT masTan dapiris-
pirebulTa winaSe. roca saTanado rCevas SevTavazebdi,
moWriT mpasuxobda: `es me ar var. es ar minda~.
198
roca erTxel dananebiT vuTxari, mimarTulebis gan-
sazRvris kompetenciis Zalauflebriv instrumentebs ar
iyeneb-meTqi, Tavi aarida pirdapir pasuxs: es mxolod
erTxel SeiZleba gamoiyeno, kerZod, koaliciis dasas-
ruleblado. `mimarTulebis gansazRvris kompetencia
amowurulia, roca partniori mas ar emorCileba~. erTi
piroba, gadadgomamde cota xniT adre, fiqrobda, Sina-
gan saqmeTa ministri genSeri xom ar gavaTavisufloo,
magram gadaifiqra, radgan amiT koaliciac daiSleboda.
maxsendeba, angela merkelma rogor gadaylapa zeehoferis
muqarebi da riosleris SantaJi – darwmunebuli var, ar
daviwyebia. vercerTs ver moxsnida, Tu kanclerad dar-
Cena undoda. norbert riotgeni ki martivad Caanacvla
peter altmaieriT.
CrdiloeT-samxreTis komisiaSi Semavali ocdaerTi pi-
rovneba – industriuli, ganviTarebuli da ganviTarebadi
qveynebis warmomadgenlebi, miTiTebebis gacemas miCveule-
bi iyvnen, miTiTebebis miRebas ki – ara. gansxvavebuli in-
teresebis da SeuTavsebeli poziciebis mqone adamianebis
gaerTianeba mxolod erTi saerTo saqmis irgvliv SeiZle-
boda. globaluri komisiis kraxs gamoiwvevda sakiTxebis
kenWisyraze dayenebis mcdeloba. vili brandts hqonda
avtoriteti da damajerebloba, grZeli da momqancveli
debatebis bolos mainc axerxebda saerTo miznis Camoya-
libebas. rac samarTliania, yvelasTvis misaRebia.
es Tvisebebi, romelTac brandti ganasaxierebda, qmnis
imis nawils, rasac qarizmas uwodeben. qarizmas fuliT
ver iyidi. verc parlamenti an saxelmwifos meTauri mo-
ganiWebs mas ordeniviT. arc siRaribe an simdidre gana-
pirobebs mas; Tumca, garkveuli saxis simtkices aucile-
blad moiTxovs. aravin icis, ramdenma adamianma Caitana
199
saflavSi gamouvlinebeli qarizma, radgan axalgazrdo-
bis siZneleebma gatexa. Sesabamisad, bedmac unda gagiRi-
mos. da brandts bedis gaRimeba xSirad sWirdeboda, raTa
dabrkolebebs ar gaetexa, anda `raixSi~ aralegaluri vi-
zitebisas ar `CaevloT~. qarizmas gambedaobac sWirdeba,
rac asve xSirad gamouvlenia, da kidev Zala, damarcxebi-
sas fexze wamodgomis Zala. da mainc, rom SeiZlebodes am
Tvisebebis erTmaneTSi ise aRreva, rom an mefistofeli
miviRoT da an fausti, qarizma eqneba Tu ara, kacma ar
icis.
intuiciac saWiroa – roca goneba uecrad gagibrwy-
indeba da mixvdebi, rom marto gvirgvinis dadeba ar
kmara, unda daiCoqo da amas akeTeb kidec. varSavam pir-
dapir miiyvana mSvidobis nobelis premiamde. es premia
brandtisTvis, bevr sxva ramesTan erTad, mTavars – mis
`mesTan~ Cveulebrivi damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas
niSnavda. jer kidev berlinSi vakvirdebodiT albert-
ci da me, rogor uWirda brandts `me~-s Tqma. an `Cven~-s
ambobda, an cdilobda upiro da sxva gramatikuli for-
mebiT esar gebla imis saTqmelad, rac `aucilebeli~ an
`sasurveli~ iyo. axalgazrdobaSi da emigraciaSi eswavla
azrebis frTxili da mSrali Camoyalibeba. `me~ jobda ar
exsenebina. es mmarTveli meris da Semdeg sagareo saqme-
Ta ministris stils bundovans, aramkafios xdida. gvin-
doda mkafiod dagvenaxa marTvis sadaveebi. rac ar unda
vTqvaT, `sasurvelias~ yovelTvis sjobs `me visurvebdi~
an sulac `me minda~.
sityva, romelic nobelis premiis gadacemaze warmo-
Tqva, misi metyvelebis stilis saocar gardaqmnas moas-
wavebda. bednieri viyavi, uceb rogor Tavdajerebulad
ambobda `me~-s. `da Tuki uflebas momcemT davamato: Cem-
200
Tvis ramdens niSnavs germaneli xalxis saxeliT Cemi saq-
mianobis dafaseba. rom wilad mxvda warsulis waruSleli
Zrwolvis da mSvidobis nebis erTmaneTTan SeTavseba~. no-
belis premiiT daajildoves adamiani, romlis biografia-
sac wuns ver daudebdi da misi samSoblo. amiT SeeZlo ea-
maya da amayobda kidec yovelgvari ampartavnobis gareSe.
nobelis premiam Cems megobars sakuTari Rirsebis rwmena
Semata, Tumca mas es hqonda, magram ar amJRavnebda.
`ukanalSi meti intuicia aqvs, vidre zogierTs – Tav-
Si~ – am cota uxams gamoTqmas dResac ucvlelad vi-
ziareb. magram intuiciis aucilebeli niWi sakmarisad
ver xsnis misi srulyofili qarizmis fenomens. kacma rom
Tqvas, brandts Tavisuflad SeeZlo Tavisi warsuliT ea-
maya. TviTnabadi iyo am sityvis saukeTeso gagebiT, saku-
Tari ZaliT miaRwia yvelafers, damoukidebeli, aravis
vali ar hqonda arc finansebis mxriv da arc profesiul
karieraSi emarTa vismesi. Tavad iyo sakuTari Tavis pa-
troni da iswavla grZnobebis marTva, imedebis moTokva,
gancdebis damalva. introvertul pirovnebad iqca da
aravis ikarebda axlos. vinc ruTis da misi vaJebis mo-
gonebebs waikiTxavs, ver aRmoaCens udardel, Tbil, mxia-
rul ojaxur atmosferos. vili Tavis samyaroSi cxovrob-
da – emociebiT aRsavse da Tavad mgrZnobiare.
samyaro mas sul ufro didi gamowvevebis winaSe ayeneb-
da da aeWvebda, vaiTu ver davZlioo. ar arsebobs profe-
siuli ganaTleba, romelic gaswavlis mmarTvel merobas,
sagareo saqmeTa ministrobas an federalur kanclerobas.
mxolod maSin, roca yovelive amas miaRwevda xolme, ga-
moikveTeboda drodadro, SeZlebda Tu ara Tanamdebobis
da amocanebis TavisgarTmevas da kvalis datovebas. Tavad
unda epova sakuTari gza samyaroSi. ar maxsendeba, ro-
201
desme gvesaubros Cven maqsimaze `Seican Tavi Seni~. magram
swored es iyo misi amocana – sakuTari Tavis rwmena hqo-
noda da ar Semdrkaliyo umTavres dabrkolebaTa winaSe,
mihyoloda Tavis principul mrwamss, albaT xedvasac da
Tan myarad mdgariyo miwaze. vili iyo miwieri meocnebe.
Tavis Sinagan kompass endoboda. sakuTari Tavis aseTi
rwmena ki iSviaTia, amas hqvia `me~-s suvereniteti. mrava-
li gansxvavebis miuxedavad, aseTi Tavdajereba mxolod
adenauerisa da kolisTvis SemimCnevia.
boroti da mdabiuri ganzraxviT 1961 wels adenauerma
rom brandtis ukanono Sviloba, gvaris Secvla da emigra-
cia aigdo masxrad da Tan amtkicebda, sabWoTa kavSirma
kedeli brandtis dasaxmareblad aRmarTao, laparakis
unari daakargvina brandts. siZulvilsa da simarTleSi
gazavebulma Sxamma daucveli gaxada. Seuracxyves misi
biografia, romliTac amayobda. es Wriloba ar moSuSe-
bia, arc aTi wlis Semdeg, osloSi `me~-s gaTavisuflebis
Semdeg.
aucilebelia Zalauflebis wyurvili, Tu ginda rom
marTo. es arc ekonomikaSi, mecnierebasa Tu kulturis
sferoSia principulad gansxvavebuli, vidre politikaSi.
brandts yvela Tanamdebobaze hqonda marTvis survili,
sadac ki minaxavs: berlinSi, partiaSi, sagareo uwyeba-
Si, socialistur internacionalSi, romelic evropuli
organizaciidan globalur organizaciad aqcia, federa-
luri kancleris Tanamdebobaze da CrdiloeT-samxreTis
saerTaSoriso komisiis Tavmjdomareobisas. TiTeuli es
posti marTvis meTodebis gansxvavebul moTxovnas saWi-
roebda. diqtatoris tips araferi gamouvidoda, gindac
demokratiis saburvelSi gaxveuliyo.
202
herman hioxerlma, romelmac Semogvinaxa Sinagan saqme-
Ta federaluri ministrisTvis niSandoblivi gamonaTqva-
mi, mTeli dRe ver virben iRliaSi kostituciaamoCrilio,
erTxel dananebiT da mowiwebiT Tqva, brandti am xis-
ti saqmisTvis Zalian rbiliao. marto igi ar Semcdara.
swored imitom SeZlo brandtma sxvadasxva amocanisTvis
marTvis sxvadasxva modeli moergo, rom jer kidev emi-
graciaSi iswavla moqniloba. misi antenebi bevr signals
ise amuSavebda, rom am mgrZnobiare kacs Tavisi mizanisT-
vis arasodes uRalatia. bevri ver afasebda saTanadod da
egonaT, iolad vmarTavTo. vinc mas `Rrubel vilis~ eZax-
da, bolos suleli aRmoCnda. brandti veravin gadaiyvana
im gzidan, romelsac Tavisi Sinagani kompasi uCvenebda.
vinc TiTqmis ocdaxuTi weli – ufro didxans, vidre
vinme bebelis Semdeg – saTaveSi edga social-demokra-
tiul partias, kargad icnobda mis organizacias da meqa-
nizmebs, man icoda, rodis da visTvis unda daereka. eWvi
araa: brandts uyvarda Zalaufleba. iq viyavi, rodesac
Smidti pirvelad moinaxula kancleris axal aparatSi.
Smidtma uTxra: `vili, patieba unda gTxovo. Tavs Zlivs
varTmev mxolod am saqmes da simarTle giTxra, azrze ara
var, rogor axerxebdi Tan partiis marTvasac. me amas ver
SevZlebdi~. vilis aseTi sityvebi siamovnebda. sawyenad ki
daurCa, roca mogvianebiT ena miutanes, Smidti nanobs da
Secdomad miaCnia, rom partiis Tavmjdomareobac ar moin-
domao. brandts abrazebda, metic, guls stkenda Smidtis
kritikuli da upativcemlo gamonaTqvamebi, Tumca Zalau-
flebis siyvaruls ar unelebda. man ase icoda Tqma, `rom
movindomo, helmuti or kviraSi kancleri aRar iqneba~.
brandtis mier Zalauflebis siyvaruli im gamocdile-
bidan sazrdoobda, rom is iyo social-demokratiuli
203
partiis bolo Tavmjdomare, romelic muSaTa moZraobi-
dan modioda. albaT momavali mravali wlis ganmavlo-
baSic erTaderTia, vinc partia arCevnebSi did warmate-
bamde miiyvana. igi pasuxismgeblobas grZnobda Tavisi
social-demokratiuli partiis da misi momavlis winaSe
da es pasuxismgebloba mis mier Seqmnili koaliciis Semd-
gom periodsac swvdeboda. Tavmjdomares ufro win unda
gaexeda, vidre federalur kanclers, romlis mTavar amo-
canas koaliciis SenarCuneba da gaZliereba warmoadgenda.
Smidts SeeZlo TavisTvis ufleba mieca da mwvaneebze eqi-
lika. brandts ki undoda mwvaneebi SesaZlo partiorebad
SeenarCunebina. ver daeTanxmeboda kancleris ganzraxvas,
Seekavebina erhard epleri, romelic bonSi did samSvido-
bo demonstraciaze sityviT gamosvlas apirebda. mas ar
undoda da arc hqonda ufleba, daefrTxo axalgazr-
da Taoba da Tanac mTavrobis meTaurs unda dadgomoda
gverdSi.
partiis Tavmjdomarisa da kancleris erT pirovneba-
Si gaerTianebas ueWvelad aqvs upiratesoba, radgan funq-
ciebis gadanawileba rTulia da or mmarTvel figuras
Soris pirovnulad uproblemo urTierTobis drosac ki
wamoiWreba gadawyvetilebebis miRebis saWiroeba, rome-
lic am funqciebis gansxvavebuli interesebidan gamomdi-
nareobs. brandtis SemTxvevaSi bedniereba iyo, rom misi
`isic da isic~ mis bunebas Seesabameboda. marTalia, am
midgomisTvis mas akritikebdnen, magram rwmenaganmtkice-
buli vili arasdros ibneoda. misi cxovrebis gzam da
Sinaganma kompasma erTi maradiuli ram aswavla: `an-an~,
`megobari da mteri~ ufro efeqturia da diqtatoruli,
magram upirobo kapitulaciis pirobebSic ar amarTlebs.
204
da miTumetes, Tu soliduri demokratiuli warmatebis
miRwevas eltvi.
Tavs uflebas mivcem, ubralod vTqva: brandtis poli-
tika iTvaliswinebda `isic da isic~ midgomis mravalmxriv
gamoyenebas. brandts arasdros sjeroda, rom istoriaSi
raRacebis Tavidan acileba SeuZlebeli iyo. imis Tqma,
rom esa Tu is gadawyvetileba ualternativoa, poli-
tikur kraxad miaCnda. goniTa da fantaziiT dajildo-
vebuli adamianebi yovelTvis ipovian gamosavals, Tuki
warmateba swyuriaT. kompromisi demokratiis wesia, Tuki
saqme sindiss ar exeba.
am midgomiTaa daRdasmuli social-demokratiuli
partiis da germaniis erTiani socialisturi partiis
1987 wlis erToblivi dokumenti, romlis umTavresi inte-
resi mSvidobis SenarCunebaa. ganmuxtvis mTeli politi-
ka eyrdnoboda princips, SegvenarCunebina stabiluroba
evropaSi da ar gvecada erTmaneTis ideologiurad gada-
bireba. aravis ucdia moskovSi komunistad veqcie da arc
me micdia vinmes Semotrialeba demokratiisken. da brand-
tic wynarad, mSvidad inarCunebda pozicias, rom ideolo-
giuri gansxvavebebi meorexarisxovania. istoria miiRebda
sazRvrebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas, Tuki Zaladobisgan
Tavisufali qmedeba umaRlesi principi iqneboda.
arsebobs sasxvaTaSoriso `isic da isic~, romelsac
brandti iziarebda. social-liberaluri koalicia ara-
sodes SewinaaRmdegebia bonis pozicias, romelic miiCnev-
da, rom jer germania unda gaerTianebuliyo da Semdeg
SeiZleboda ganmuxtvis politikaze saubari, magram sru-
liad sawinaaRmdegod imoqmeda. mas formalurad ara-
sodes uaruyvia germaniis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb bonis
Zveli moTxovna, romelic 1937 wlamde arsebul sazRvre-
205
bSi gaerTianebas gulisxmobda, magram praqtikulad, ga-
moricxa oderisa da naises xazis aRmosavleTiT terito-
riuli moTxovnebis dayeneba. da arc sabWoTa kavSiri ar
SewinaaRmdegebia odesme varSavis xelSekrulebis gadawy-
vetilebas, romlis Tanaxmadac dauSvebeli iyo bonTan
xelSekrulebebis dadeba, sanam federaciuli respublika
xalxTaSorisi samarTlis subieqtad ar aRiarebda gdr-s,
Tumca praqtikulad sabWoTa kavSiric gverds uvlida mas.
Cveni ganmuxtvis politika eswrafvoda eRiarebina rea-
loba da, amave dros, Seecvala igi. ramdenad warmatebu-
lad Secvlida realobas berlinSi, germaniasa da evropa-
Si, veravin ganWvretda, rodesac kedlis aRmarTvis Semdeg
patar-patara nabijebis gadadgma daiwyo. bevri adamiani
da faqtori, ukve naxsenebi bedic unda damTxveoda erT-
maneTs am SedegisTvis. erT-erTi faqtori brandtis pi-
rovnebac gaxldaT. Zalauflebis survili ar aklda; ma-
gram mis macdur Zalas arasodes damorCilebia, arasodes
amcirebda da ar anadgurebda adamianebs. mas didad ara-
frad miaCnda gadawyvetilebebi msoflios Secvlis Se-
saxeb. partiis, mTavrobisa Tu Semdegi sakanonmdeblo pe-
riodis amocanebis misaRwevad igi amjobinebda `isic da
isic~ – poziciis sando gzas, magram arasodes daukarga-
vs orientacia. misi Sinagani kompasi farTo horizont-
sac iseve aCvenebda, rogorc uaxloes miznebs, romelTa
miRwevasac igi eswrafvoda.
ra iyo misi Sinagani kompasi? rasakvirvelia, ufro sa-
marTliani sazogadoeba. erTni mas socializms uwodebd-
nen, meoreni social-demokratizms. SemTxveviTi ar aris,
rom aseT zust saxeldebas gaurboda, radgan Tavad zusti
saxeli ar eguleboda. aranakleb gasakviria, rom ar arse-
bobda erTiani koncefcia, romelsac `brandtis gegmas~
206
daarqmevdi. arc aravis mousaklisebia da ukiTxavs, gegma
sad ariso. brandtis sayrdens warmoadgenda adamianebis
ndoba mis mimarT, is, rom mas hqonda orientacia, romel-
sac SeiZleboda gahyolodi. esec qarizmaa.
nacistebis raixis mimarT uzado winaaRmdegoba, dasa-
vleT berlinis interesebis dasacavad mkafio simtkice da
misi ganmuxtvis politikis damajerebloba: am Tvisebebis
erTobliobiT moipova brandtma ndoba aRmosavleTsa da
dasavleTSi. misi simtkice gadalaxul daeWvebas efuZne-
boda. gamocdileba karnaxobda – mxolod sinamdviliT
gamowveuli aRSfoTeba warmoqmnis energias, romelmac
axali sinamdvile unda Seqmnas. misi cxovrebis gza na-
Teli iyo: ar davrCeT pasiurni, aramed SevZloT `me~-s
TviTgamorkveva; Semdeg sakuTari qveynis TviTgamorkveva
da bolos evropis TviTgamorkveva.
mocemul situaciaSi misi kalibris germaneli meore
ar arsebobda. amitom iyo igi bednieri monapovari qvey-
nisTvis, evropisTvisac, mis gareSe istoria sxvanairad
warimarTeboda. valentin falinma – igi didxans gaxldaT
bonSi sabWoTa kavSiris elCi da xelSekrulebebis mola-
parakebebis monawile, erTxel aseTi ram Tqva: – brandtis
ganmuxtvis politika rom ara, gorbaCovi kremlSi pirve-
li kaci ver gaxdeboda. gorbaCovis gareSe ki germania ver
gaerTiandebodao.
207
*
vilis erTi gamonaTqvami CamrCa mexsierebaSi, oRond aRar
maxsovs, rodindelia da vis uTxra: `SeiZleba egons guli
wydeba, rom didxans srulfasovnad ar aRiqvamdnen~. igive
SeeZlo didi xnis auxdenel Tavis molodinzec eTqva –
rodis miiRebda mas sakuTari qveyana. Cems SemTxvevaSi es
exeboda vermaxtis periods – maocebda, rom maSin veravin
SeamCnia Cemi ebraeli bebiis arseboba.
Cveni biografiidan bevri msgavseba mogxvdebodaT
TvalSi. dedamisTan saxlSi arasdros axsenebdnen mamas.
Cemi mSoblebis saxlSi arasodes axsenebdnen ebrael be-
bias, Tumca, vicodi, rom mamaCemi Tavis sayvarel profe-
sias – maswavleblobas CamoaSores, radgan meuRlesTan
gayraze uari Tqva. sityva `ebraeli~ an `ebrauli~ ara-
sodes gamoTqmula. Sobas yovelTvis berlinSi, bebias-
Tan aRvniSnavdiT, misi Svidive Svili da maTi meuRleebi
ikribebodnen. biZaCemi fritci braziliaSi gaiqca, meore
biZas – kurts ki mamaCemTan erTad Sevxvdi anhalteris
sadgurze 1934 wlis erT saRamos – Tavi gadaparsuli
hqonda da orive oqros kbili amoeglijaT oranienbur-
gis sakoncentracio banakSi. `araferi mkiTxoT!~ iyo er-
TaderTi, rac matarebelSi asvlamde gviTxra da italiis
gavliT gaemgzavra SanxaiSi.
brandtsa da Cem Soris asakobriv gansxvavebas warmo-
mavlobis tabusTvis mniSvneloba ar hqonia: man emigracia-
Si gvari Seicvala; me vermaxtis tabu SevinarCune. Cveni
nacnobobisa da daaxloebis aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi
arasdros gvisaubria am memkvidreobaze. sanam erT-erTi
Cvengani gulaxdil saubars ar wamoiwyebda, meore kiTxve-
bs arasodes svamda. am urTierTpativiscemaSi ifurCqne-
208
boda megobroba, romelic akavSirebda did politikur
erTsulovnobas da sxvadasxva pirovnul Tvisebebs.
Smidtis ebraeli babuis Sesaxeb, rac Jiskar d’estenis-
gan gavigeT, vilis da me arasodes gvisaubria. arc hel-
muts da me. mesmoda, rom arafriT ar undoda, misi saxeli
am kuTxiT gaxmaurebuliyo. gulSi ki mifiqria, rom igi
iyo mesame, vis ojaxSic sxvanairi saxis, magram mainc arse-
bobda tabu.
*
musikosobaze TorgauSi gatarebuli bavSvobis wlebidan
vocnebobdi. musikaluri aRzrda miviRe iohan valetis
gundSi, oratoriebs vasrulebdi, rac absolutur smenas
da fortepianoze daxvewilad dakvras moiTxovda, vio-
linoze ki skolis orkestris meore violinos iqiT ver
wavedi.
sxvanairad gamovida: 1974 wels vcade lev kopelevi
federaciul respublikaSi Camomeyvana. mas surda aRewe-
ra germaneli eqimis, fridrix iozef haasis istoria; es
ukanaskneli warmoSobiT miunsteris aifelidan iyo da
1825 wels dekabristebis ajanyebis Semdeg `gadasaxle-
bulTa angelozad~ monaTles. miunsteris aifelze pa-
suxismgebeli qristian-demokratiuli partiis deputati
alois mertesi gaxldaT, ganmuxtvis politikis daufara-
vi mowinaaRmdege, romelsac ver daeviwyebina `gaerTiane-
bis~ sastiki damarcxeba, ori wlis winaT, ndobis votumis
kenWisyraSi. mas vTxove kopelevs daxmareboda da cota
qarafSutulad vuTxari: `kacma rom Tqvas, musika mindoda
meswavla, magram fiurerma ar damaneba~. mSralad momigo:
`afsus! ai, hitleris kidev erTi Secdoma~.
209
musikis gareSe cxovreba ver warmomedgina. saSinlad
ganvicade, roca vermaxtSi gatarebuli ori wlis Semdeg
fortepianos swavlas iq veRar gavagrZelebdi, sadac Se-
vwyvite. amitomac aRmafrTovanebda xolme helmut Smid-
tis sakoncerto niWi. brandti musikis sferoSi dile-
tanti iyo. rodesac mogzaurobisas maspinZlebs egonaT
xolme, rom xalxuri musikiT siamovnebas mianiWebdnen,
zrdilobianad ki usmenda, magram interess ar avlenda.
savaldebulo vaiberfastnaxtis drosac ki ar Cndebo-
da xolme, roca `Serekilebi~ bonSi partiis centralur
ofisSi gvacxrebodnen Tavs. mxolod erTxel vnaxe gasao-
cari akustikis mqone berlinis filarmoniaSi – darbazis
gaxsnaze. operis, Teatris an gamofenebis mimarT inte-
resi ar Semityvia. im RonisZiebebze, sadac midioda, ro-
gorc wesi, sityviT gamosvla uwevda. iSviaTad eZleoda
SesaZlebloba, Sin wynarad ekiTxa; amitom, gasagebia, rom
naklebad xiblavda sxvebis mosmena.
SmidtTan Wadrakis TamaSi SemeZlo, sabednierod, TiT-
qmis erT doneze vTamaSobdiT. warmoudgeneli iyo, masTan
erTad cota gabedul anekdotze gagcineboda. vili da me
erTmaneTs sul axal-axal anekdotebs vuyvebodiT. roca
viwro wreSi vili yveboda, yvelaze metad Tavad xali-
sobda.
brandts seriozuli saubrebi mwerlebTan, magali Tad
jgufi 47-is wevrebTan, Zalian siamovnebda. am saubrebi-
dan isrutavda argumentebs, mosazrebebs, gafrT xilebebs
da ideebs, romelTac Tavis politikur yoveldRiuroba-
Si versad gaigonebda da amdidrebda sakuTar samyaros da
sakuTar orientacias, sadac Tavs myarad grZnobda. ga-
moricxulia, rodesme TavSi mosvloda fraza, romelsac
Smidti xSirad xmarobda: istoriis sqolio varo. gindac
210
mosalodneli winaaRmdegobis gamomwvev Tavmdablobad
migveRo es gamonaTqvami, sakuTar TavSi msgavsi daeWve-
bisgan brandti emansipirebuli iyo. samagierod, Smidti
SesaSuri aqtiurobiT monawileobda kulturul cxovre-
baSi da filosofiur debatebSi da iseTi farTo sulieri
diapazoni gamoimuSava, brandts rom arasodes moundome-
bia.
miuxedavad aseTi gansxvavebisa, am or kacs erTi ram
akavSirebda – orives damoukideblad mieRwia Tav-Tavian-
Ti aRmavlobisTvis. arc emigraciidan dabrunebulisTvis
da arc vermaxtis yofili oficrisTvis ar waukravs vinmes
ise xeli, rom valSi yofiliyvnen. orive alfa-cxovelma
sakuTar gzaze iara. maT gansxvavebul xasiaTs, intere-
sebsa da niWs, – partiisa da saxelmwifos winaSe saerTo
saqmeSi gamovlenili disciplina rom ara, – SeiZleboda
Seuqcevad konfliqtebamde miveyvaneT.
saxeli, romelic me momaniWes – `ganmuxtvis poli-
tikis arqiteqtori~ – Sesaferad mimaCnia: mSeneblobis
damkveTi brandti gaxldaT. igi maZlevda miTiTebebs da
icoda, sad da rodis unda davkiTxodi mas. mSeneblobis
damkveTis gareSe arqiteqtori ver gavxdebodi. samarT-
lianad ukavSirdeba germaniasa da evropaSi bevri Senoba
brandtis saxels, maTi arqiteqtorebis saxeli ki gafer-
mkrTalda da mxolod eqspertebma da damfaseblebma Tu
ician. Cvens nawerebsac igive bedi eweva. me bevri ram ga-
movaqveyne brandtis saxeliT da arasdros momiwonebia
amiT Tavi. rasac is cvlida, asworebda an miiRebda Se-
Tanxmebulad Tu SeTanxmebis gareSe, ukve misi sakuTreba
xdeboda. ubralod, uCveulo iyo, rogor gamogvdioda es
ambavi!
211
momeca SesaZlebloba, meswavla berZnuli, am pri-
vilegias dRemde uaRresad vafaseb. arc brandts da arc
Smidts ar dasWirvebiaT am enis swavla, rom Cawvdomod-
nen antikur sibrZnes: `Seican Tavi Seni~ da mis mixedviT
ecxovraT. erToblivi saqmisTvis saWiro disciplinam
maTTis TviTSecnoba xasiaTis nawilad aqcia.
`rodesac vili brandti 1961 da 1965 wlebSi kanclero-
bis kandidatad warvadgineT, sajarod aravis uTqvams, me
ukeTesi kandidati varo~. Smidtis es mogvianebiT naTqva-
mi sami wliT adre gardacvlil brandts aRar waukiTxavs.
gaaxalisebda, radgan Tavadac ase fiqrobda. maT erTa-
menTisTvis arasodes gaumxeliaT, ras fiqrobdnen erT-
maneTze. pativiscema da aRiareba subieqtur, erTis mier
meoris sisusteebis Sesaxeb sakmaod gamyarebul Sefase-
bas amarcxebda. `sakuTari tyavidan veravin gamoZvreba~,
miswera erTxel brandtma Smidts. Smidtsac Tavisuflad
SeeZlo igive miewera brandtisTvis.
212
`rac ufro vberdebi, miT ufro
memarcxene vxdebi~
bonSi, partiis Tavmjdomaris kabinetSi roza luqsembur-
gis portreti ekida. mTavar ofiss bonis periodis dasawy-
isidanve `barakebs~ eZaxdnen, Tumca, amasobaSi, sakmaod
warmomadgenlobiT da solidur Senobad iqca, radgan ar
vicodiT, ramden xans SenarCundeboda germaniis gayofa.
reformatori komunistis portreti, romelic nebismier
momsvlels TvalSi xvdeboda im `dune~ social-demokra-
tis kabinetSi ekida, vinc jer aerCiaT da mere gadaerCiaT.
amis Taobaze erTxel brandtma Tqva, maocebs am qalis
simtkice: `socializmi ar arsebobs demokratiis gareSe,
magram arc demokratia arsebobs socializmis gareSe~.
rodesac 1981 wels fransua miterani safrangeTis pre-
zidentad airCies, vili aRfrTovanebas gamoxatavda da
miesalma mis ganzraxvas, komunistebi Seeyvana mTavrobaSi.
me ki, omgamovlilsa da civi omis momswres, es, cota ar
iyos, mafiqrianebda. vilim vaimaris respublikis period-
Si daiwyo politikuri azrovneba da iseTi ram gadaeta-
na, rac me ar gamomicdia. `moicade~, damariga Wkua, `amiT
SeiZleba komunistebis marginalizacia miviRoT~. ramde-
nime wlis Semdeg mivxvdi, rom brandtma da miteranma zus-
tad gaTvales da sworad imoqmedes.
213
rodesac vili emigraciis periodze hyveboda, siamovne-
biT ixsenebda xolme parizSi hainrix manTan Sexvedras.
es is dro iyo, roca komunistebi erTnairad ebrZodnen
social-demokratebsa da nacistebs. frangi social-de-
mokratebi ki saxalxo frontze memarcxene Zalebis Ta-
namSromlobas uwyobdnen xels, rac brandts moswonda.
maSin gaicno komunisti herman aqseni, mogvianebiT igi
germaniis erTiani socialisturi partiis politbiuros
wevri gaxda; masTan SevaTanxme oTxmociani wlebis Sua
periodSi partiul doneze centralur evropaSi ato-
muri da qimiuri iaraRisgan Tavisufali zonis sakiTxi.
bonSi erT-erTi vizitisas aqsenma survili gamoTqva vili
brandtisTvis xeli CamoerTmia. vili ukve didi kaci iyo.
brandti siamovnebiT Sexvda, Sinaurulad mimarTa parizis
mere TiTqmis ormocdaaTi wlis unaxav moridebul her-
mans, romelic iseTi aRelvebuli iyo am SexvedriT, rom
misdauneburad TqvenobiT elaparaka brandts da mere
sakuTar Tavs imunaTebda, vaiTu vilim arasworad gaigoo.
aqseni honekeris Svebulebidan dabrunebas daeloda,
raTa egon krancisgan Cemi da Cemi colis darsze dapati-
Jebis nebarTva mieRo. politbiurom mas iq dasabinaveblad
mSvenieri, magram arcTu didi saxli gamouyo. berlinSi
rom vbrundebodiT, gzaSi ufro Tamamad laparakobda,
icoda, rom ar usmendnen da bonSi vilisTan Sexvedra
gaixsena gulaCuyebulma. mxolod sami wliT umcrosi iyo
brandtze da Tavs muSaTa moZraobis pirmSos uwodebda. pa-
rizis Semdeg Tan sdevda azri, rom memarcxene moZraobis
gaxleCam saSineli zarali gamoiwvia da nawilobriv mainc
ekisreboda pasuxismgebloba yvela im katastrofaze, rac
Semdeg moxda. Rirda oflisRvrad am gaxleCis gadalaxva.
mas, rogorc patriots, surda, rom es mizani daesaxa Cve-
214
ni qveyanisTvis da saerTodac, araferia sawinaaRmdego,
rodesac partiuli jariskaci aseT xedvaze daufaravad
yvelgan ver laparakobso. rodesac atomuri, biologiu-
ri da qimiuri iaraRis Sesaxeb vawarmoebdiT molaparake-
bebs, Tavis TanamSromlebs afrTxilebda, ar dagaviwydeT,
rom es dasavleTgermanelebi klasobrivi mtrebi ariano.
me mas gagebiT vekidebodi da SevZeli damerwmunebina, mec
SensaviT vafrTxilebdi Cems TanamSromlebs, kolegebis-
gan daaxloebis yalb mcdelobas nu wamoegebiT-meTqi.
oTxmociani wlebis Sua periodSi social-demokra-
tiulma partiam da germaniis erTianma socialisturma
partiam erToblivi samuSao jgufis farglebSi, ideolo-
giuri gansxvavebis miuxedavad, mSvidobis SenarCunebas
prioritetuli mniSvneloba mianiWes. `kamaTis kultura
gulisxmobs Ria diskusias sistemebis Sejibris Sesaxeb~
– am Teziss gdr-is partiis zeda eSelonebSi meti winaaR-
mdegoba mohyva, vidre social-demokratiul partiaSi.
*
vilim sagareo saqmeTa ministrobis dros mTxova Sevxve-
drodi mis megobars, leo bauers, romelsac axlo urTier-
Tobebi hqonda italiasTan da serjio segres – italiis
komunisturi partiis centraluri komitetis mdivans,
raTa maTTvis ganmemarta Cveni sagareo da usafrTxoe-
bis politika. mizani es iyo: moskovs am gziT unda mieRo
Cveni mosazrebebi pirveli xelidan da marto ulbrixtis
Semoklebul da araswor informacias ar unda dayrdno-
boda. segresTan xangrZlivi saubari im dRis wina saRamos
Sedga, rodesac me rainhard gelenTan unda mivsuliyavi
215
federalur sainformacio samsaxurSi. gelenma amixsna
federaluri sainformacio samsaxuris struqtura da
sityva ar dauZravs imis Sesaxeb, rom miunxenis erT-erT
sastumroSi segres, bauerisa da Cemi saubari moismines
da federalur kanclers moaxsenes. kizingeri Cemi zepiri
ganmartebiT dakmayofilda.
leo baueri gavicani, rogorc memarcxene socialisti.
igi iyo erTaderTi adamiani, romelsac vili brandtic da
herbert veneric megobrad miiCnevdnen. maSin warmodge-
na ar mqonda mis TavgadasavlebiT aRsavse cxovrebaze.
`yovelTvis socialisti viyavi, oRond araswor Zalas
mi vende~. – am lozungiT Sevida 1932 wels axalgazrda
imedgacruebuli social-demokrati germaniis komunis-
tur partiaSi. nacistebis `dacvis mizniT patimrobisgan~
rom gaaTavisufles, 1933 wels praRis gavliT gaiqca pa-
rizSi, iq dahyo 1939 wlamde, gadasaxlebaSi myofi komu-
nisturi partiis mmarTvelobaSi, 1940 wels safrangeTSi
patimrobas Tavi daaRwia da SveicariaSi gaiqca, iq 1942
wels isev daapatimres da cixeSi Casves, 1945 wels gaa-
Tavisufles da germaniaSi gauSves, Semdeg gaxda hesenis
komunisturi partiis fraqciis Tavmjdomare, iyo aRmo-
savleT berlinSi germaniis radios mTavari redaqtori,
1950 wels isev daapatimres da sabWoTa(!) samxedro tri-
bunalma jaSuSobis braldebiT sikvdiliT dasja miusaja,
1953 wels, stalinis sikvdilis Semdeg, ocdaxuTi wliT
gaacimbires da 1955 wels iyo erT-erTi im 10 000 germa-
nel tyveTagan, romlebic adenauerma moskovSi vizitisas
gamoixsna da sabednierod, federaciul respublikaSi ga-
mouSves da ara gdr-Si. Semdeg Sevida social-demokra-
tiul partiaSi da rodesac nanens uari vuTxari Jurnal
`SternSi~ muSaobaze, man Caibara `Sternis~ politikur
216
gamocemad Camoyalibebis saqme. bolos gaxda `noie ge-
zelSaftis~ mTavari redaqtori da Tanmdebobisa da ti-
tulis gareSec iTavsebda social-demokratiul partiisa
da italiis komunisturi partiis urTierTobebis warmo-
madgenlisa da motoris funqcias. 1972 wels, vilis isto-
riul arCevnebamde zustad ori TviT adre, gardaicvala
gansakuTrebiT agresiuli kiboTi.
am memarcxene socialistze naklebad mzakvrul eWve-
bs rodi avrcelebdnen, vidre brandtze da venerze. me
misdami megobrulad viyavi ganwyobili da vafasebdi ro-
gorc mgrZnobiare, inteligent da simpatiur adamians,
romlis cxovrebis gzamac gansazRvra misi cnobiereba da
brandtisa da veneris winaSe sakuTari poziciis Camoyali-
beba SeaZlebina.
`ganze mdgomis kariera – leo baueri komunizmsa da
social-demokratias Soris~ hqvia amasobaSi TiTqmis da-
viwyebuli adamianis biografias, romelic 1983 wels ga-
moica. wignis bolos saTauriT – `social-demokratiu li
partiis tradiciisa da identobis Sesaxeb~ dabeWdilia in-
terviu vili brandtTan, romelSic mas kiTxvebs usvamen
`dRevandeli perspeqtividan~, magram vaimaris respublikis
periodidan dagrovili gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
`CemTvis vaimaridan gamomdinare yvelaze mniSvnelovani
daskvna gaxlavT is, rom uazrod kamaTobdnen imis Tao-
baze, demokratias unda mieniWos upiratesoba Tu so-
cializms~, iwyebs brandti. `orive maTganis istoriuli
marcxi – anda samive maTganis – muSaTa Zveli moZraobis
ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom omis
Semdeg demokratia sakmarisad ar ganmtkicda. me kvlavac
mwams, rom hitleris Sekaveba SesaZlebeli iqneboda, rom
ara ganxeTqileba muSaTa moZraobaSi. amisaTvis istoriu-
217
li pasuxismgebloba gansakuTrebiT mZimed ekisreba germa-
niis komunistur partias da moskovis hegemonias. muSaTa
moZraobas mTlianobaSi ar gaaCnda sakmarisad ganviTare-
buli urTierToba demokratiul xelisuflebasTan~.
rodesac brandts `gamocdilebis saerTo horizonti~
uxsenes, ganagrZo: `TaobisTvis damaxasiaTebel fons mT-
lianobaSi seriozulad unda SevxedoT. ara mxolod leo
da CemsaviT memarcxene socialistebi da yofili komu-
nistebi, aramed Cveni Tanatolebis umravlesobac, romle-
bic social-demokratebad darCnen, Cvens droSi Tavs
grZnobdnen muSaTa im moZraobis memkvidreebad, romelic
msoflio omis dros gaixliCa da yvela imedovnebda isev
gamTlianebas~.
mravlismetyvelia, rom yofili komunisti veneri am
gansjisas ar uxsenebia. veneri bauerze eqvsi wliT ufrosi
gaxldaT, es ukanaskneli ki zustad erTi wliT ufrosi iyo
brandtze. asea Tu ise, brandtma 1983 wels am interviuTi
daamtkica, rom mkafiod axsovda omisa da misi Semdgomi pe-
riodi. da gamoamJRvna azrovnebis saocari Tanmimdevroba
– 1946 wels, rodesac social-demokratiuli partiis Sve-
deTis jgufis wamyvani wevri iyo, Tavis Sved megobrebs Seu-
Tvala: `faqtia, rom erTiani muSaTa moZraobis Seqmnis San-
si germaniaSi uSualod hitleris reJimis dacemis Semdeg
arsebobda da es Sansi ar gamoyenebula~. ase werda, roca
berlinSi administraciulad mzaddeboda germaniis komu-
nisturi partiis da social-demokratiuli partiis Serwy-
ma. 1983 wels micemul interviuSi sinanuli gamoxata, rom
maTi ricxvi mcirdeba, vinc jer kidev `babelis droindeli
partiis~ wevrebs icnobda. maSin rom vinmes eTqva, mxolod
ramdenime weli gava da komunistebis papi moskovSi mxars
dagiWers muSaTa moZraobis gaxleCvis daZlevaSio, albaT
giJad Seracxavda.
218
*
1985 wels mixeil gorbaCovi Sevida kremlSi rogorc skkp-s
generaluri mdivani. mas da brandts Soris sami Sexvedra
1985, 1988 da 1989 wlebSi Sedga. es Sexvedrebi social-de-
mokratebsa da komunistebs Soris urTierTobebis ama-
Relvebel da daumTavrebel monakveTs warmoadgens. pir-
veli Sexvedra martivad warimarTa, brandtis da palmes
komisiebis muSaobis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebas daeT-
mo. orive dokumenti erTnairad afasebda axlad warmo-
qmnil globalur socialur sakiTxebs, orive maTgani
social-demokratebis Sedgenili iyo. amitom, brandtma
Sexvedrisas sifrTxile gamoiCina. mas ar gamohparvia,
rom gorbaCovs Tavisi partiisTvis axali mimzidvelobis
miniWeba da stalinis mier Cadenili danaSaulebis Semdeg
leninis ideebis gacocxleba surda. brandts misi xedva
sulac ar mosCvenebia mimzidvelad.
am ambidan cota xnis Semdeg aRelvebulma mivirbine
vilisTan da gorbaCovis bolo gancxadebis nawyveti wa-
vukiTxe: `demokratia iseve gvWirdeba, rogorc haeri
sunTqvisTvis~. amiT gadawydeba istoriuli brZola evo-
luciasa da proletariatis diqtaturas Soris-meTqi.
brandtma gamafrTxila, sajarod araferi Tqvao: `nu ga-
vurTulebT gorbaCovs isedac rTul saqmes~.
meore Sexvedrisas gorbaCovma xazi gausva, araferi ma-
qvs social-demokratebTan TanamSromlobis sawinaaRmde-
goo, gindac partiebs gansxvavebuli poziciebi hqondeT
da TviT sazRvravdnen TavianT gzaso. winadadebiT ga-
movida, orive partiidan ramdenime axalgazrdam scados
da muSaTa moZraobis ganxeTqilebis sakiTxi daamuSaoso.
es winadadeba momxibvlelic gaxldaT da Tan uaRresad
219
saSiSic. erTis mxriv vgrZnobdi, roca vilis vuyureb-
di, rogor wonida pasuxs – misi gaumxeleli ocnebebi
gadamdebi xdeboda. meore mxriv ki, qveynis SigniT, haer-
Sive gagvbrdRvnidnen. ukve warmovidgine, rogor dabeW-
davdnen Tavidan adenaueris siZulviliT aRsavse plakats:
`socializmis yvela gzas moskovSi mivyavarT~. rogorc
yovelTvis, usityvod gavugeT erTmaneTs. vilim Caila-
paraka: `egoni Zalian nerviulad wrialebs skamze, mgoni
raRacis Tqma unda~. Cemi winadadeba, jer SeiaraRebis
konkretul Semcirebaze da evropuli saxlis mowyobaze
gveyara kenWi, orives moewona.
gorbaCovma mainc gadawyvita, diskusiaze marqsis-
tul-leninisturi elita gamoeyvana, romelsac socia-
listuri internacionalis `revizionisti~ Tavmjdomare
uxelmZRvanelebda. brandtma aRiara, `kapitali~ bolomde
ar wamikiTxavso. marqsma verc eleqtroZravi iwinaswamety-
vela da verc atomis birTvis gaxleCao. didi moazrovne
iyo da iqnebao, magram social-demokratiuli partiebis
warmateba swored imaSi mdgomareobs, rom daxuruli sis-
tema ar aqvT, yovelTvis cdiloben aucilebeli SesaZle-
blad aqciono. fexi ar moicvala evoluciis principidan.
gamoxmaureba ver miiRo. ideologiuri elitis wevrebi
moumzadeblebi aRmoCdnen.
mesame SexvedrisTvis brandtma social-demokratiu-
li partiis programis saTaurebi aTargmnina. gorbaCovma
waikiTxa da aRfrTovanebulma upasuxa: `es Cemi Temebia~.
brandtma amjerad ufro cxadad gaumxila Tavisi ime-
di da xedva: socializmis dasasrulis Sesaxeb laparakis
magivrad, erTxel unda iTqvas, rom dedamiwis erT did
nawilSi axla igi Tavidan iwyebao. gorbaCovma Semde-
gi daskvna gamoitana: `daaxloebis procesi unda ganvi-
220
Tardes. 1914 wels momxdari gaxleCvis daZleva SesaZle-
belia~.
moskovidan rom vbrundebodiT, brandti gzaSi Ca-
fiqrebuli iyo. mixeil sergeeviC gorbaCovis saxiT igi
Sexvda kacs, romelic, mis msgavsad, gabedulad cdilobda
`axali azrovnebis~ gariskvas, da Tan hqonda Zalaufle-
ba, romelic TviTon arasodes eqneboda. masSi socialist-
ma gaiRviZa: `idea ver mokvdeba, sanam bavSvebi SimSiliT
ixocebian~.
ara mxolod komisiis Sedegebma gadaswia misi pozi-
cia mar cxniv, aramed mis Sesaxeb diskusiamac, maT Soris
konservatoruli mTavrobebis da industriis warmomad-
genlebis mxridan, rasac brandti dacinvad aRiqvamda. `er-
Toblivi usafrTxoebis~ idea da saSinel usamarTlobaze
miniSneba, rom SeiaraRebaze giJuri Tanxebi ixarjeboda
da amave dros TiTqmis araferi siRaribis dasaZlevad, mas
meocnebeobad CamoarTves. awyenines, magram ver Seadrkes.
qarizmatul gorbaCovTan erTad mas axali imedi Caesaxa:
`es Sors wagviyvans~. organizebuli sigiJe organizebul
gonierebaSi gadaizrdeboda, mis sakuTar qveyanaSic ki.
man mkiTxa: `ras ityvian Seni Zmebi aRmosavleT berlinSi?~
vupasuxe: `maTTvis sasiamovno ar iqneba, magram es gza so-
cial-demokratiuli da erTiani socialisturi partiebis
erTobliv dokumentSi moniSnulia~. brandtis molodinma
istoriuli ganzomileba SeiZina: `Tuki komunistebi mar-
jvniv gaiwevian, social-demokratebs Sexvdebian. es ki
social-demokratias evropaSi did Sanss gauCens~. pirve-
lad ar iyo, misgan rom gavigone: `rac ufro vberdebi,
miT ufro memarcxene vxdebi~.
221
*
kedlis dangrevis meore dRes, 1989 wlis 10 noembers vili
da me berlinSi `Cveni~ Sionebergis ratuSis win gamarTul
did mitingze wavediT. baraTze ramdenime fraza CainiSna,
maT Soris: `axla erwymis erTmaneTs, rac ganuyofelia~.
oc weliwadze meti xnis Semdeg wavikiTxe Slezvig-holS-
tainis social-demokratiuli partiis politikosis, gert
biorzenis statiaSi, rom brandts 1961 wels, kedlis aSe-
nebidan maleve uTqvams berlinis parlamentSi, rom `rac
ganuyofelia, is aucileblad Seirwymebao~. es aris Cem
mier xSirad aRmoCenili unari brandtisa – mas SeeZlo mo-
gonebebi miebarebina gonisTvis da maSin gamoeZaxa, roca
dasWirdeboda. kidev erTi, ukve naxsenebi magaliTia,
roca 1960 wels hanoverSi yrilobaze gamosvlis momzade-
bisas gaaxsenda 1957 wels Cemi naTqvami germaniis atomuri
SeiaraRebis Sesaxeb, romelzec aRar gvisaubria. da mesame
magaliTi: 1969 wels misi pirveli mTavrobis programidan:
`meti demokratia gavbedoT!~, romelmac furori moaxdina
da dasabami daudo debatebs, vis SeeZlo Tavi moewonebina,
rom wvlili Seitana germaniaSi demokratiis gansamtkice-
blad. norvegiis kunZul utozize anders breivikis Sem-
zaravi danaSaulis Semdeg, norvegiis premier-ministrma
Tqva: `meti demokratia unda gavbedoT!~. amis Semdeg eWvi
aRar mepareba, ra aris am fundamenturi gamonaTqvamis wy-
aro.
1990 wlis 3 oqtombris gaerTianebis Semdeg federa-
lurma kanclerma helmut kolma samomavlo did miznad
Sida gaerTianeba gamoacxada. yvela mravalricxovani par-
tia uWerda mas mxars. bundestagis sagamoZiebo komisiaze
ki aRniSna: `CemTvis rom ekiTxaT, vici, rasac vuzamdi
222
Stazis oqmebso~. samwuxarod, misTvis ar ukiTxavT, magam
misi Sefaseba Zalian hgavda brandtisas: espaneTSi samoqa-
laqo omi daiwyeboda, germanuli meTodiT rom exelmZRva-
nelaT. da : `aRmosavleT germanelebi ar SeiZleboda imave
sazomiT gagvezoma, rogorc mesame raixisgan darCenile-
bi~. helmut Smidtmac msgavsi azri Camoayaliba: `sazianoa,
rom 1990 wlis Semdeg komunistebs uaresad moveqeciT,
vidre nacistebs 1945 wlis Semdeg~. genSeri da lafonte-
nic am Zalian did koalicias ekuTvnodnen. magram am koa-
liciam Tavisi ver gaitana aRmosavleT germaniis moqa-
laqeTa uflebadamcvelebis survilis winaaRmdeg, ramac
dasavleT germaniaSi Seqmna STabeWdileba, rom Stazi da
gdr erTi da igive iyo. ase daiyvnen Zmebi da debi aRmo-
savlelebad da dasavlelebad da oci wlis Semdegac imaze
vfiqrobT, rodis mivaRwevT Tanasworuflebianobas.
223
is, rac rCeba
brandtis Temebi dResac aqtualuria: 2013 wels msoflio
amocanis winaSe dgas, miaRwios stabilurobas aziis uzar-
mazar kontinentze, es TiTqmis iseTive konfliqtia, ro-
goric aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris dapirispirebi-
sas warmoSva evropaSi orma super-saxelmwifom. brandtis
mTavari gzavnili dResac ZalaSia: – mSvidoba yvelaferi
ar aris, magram mSvidobis gareSe yvelaferi araferia.
rodesac man es winadadeba Camoayaliba, msoflio ver war-
moidgenda, rom vaSingtonsa da moskovSi saxelmwifo moR-
vaweebs eyofodaT sibrZne, pasuxismgebloba da goniereba,
civi omis sazRvrebs miRma emociebs ar ahyolodnen.
aziis sakiTxi kidev ufro rTulia. marTalia, mxolod
or did saxelmwifos xelewifeba interkontinentaluri
atomuri raketebiT reagireba, magram isini brZanebebs ve-
Rar gascemen da verc TviTon gadawyveten, rogor unda
moiqcnen maTi dacvis qveS myofni, megobrebi Tu mekav-
Sireebi. gindac CineTis atomur iaraRs ar SeeZlos sapa-
suxo dartymis ganxorcieleba, es axali super-saxelmwifo
sakmarisad Zlieria, rom ar daemorCilos vaSingtonisa da
moskovis miTiTebebs. igive iTqmis indoeTsa da pakistanze
da atomuri iaraRis armqone indoneziasa da iaponiaze da,
Tu gnebavT, avstraliasa da axal zelandiazec ki.
224
albaT barak obamas mier moskovis mimarT amerikis
sagareo da usafrTxoebis politikis gardaqmna konfron-
taciis reJimidan kooperaciis reJimze ufro Zlier glo-
balur ganzomilebas SeiZens. rac samocdaaTiani wlebis
dasawyisSi warmatebuli aRmoCnda, axla Tavidan unda
iswavlos bevrma: demokratia da adamianis uflebebi ki
ara, arc Tavisufleba, aramed mSvidoba unda gaxdes glo-
baluri movlena da umaRlesi Rirebuleba. im partniore-
bis mimarTac, romlebic ar iziareben dasavluri demokra-
tiis struqturas, dialogi rCeba erTaderT saSualebad,
raTa gonivrulad mogvardes konfliqtebi da dabalans-
des interesebi. vercerTi didi globaluri Tu regio-
naluri problema ver gadaiWreba samxedro gziT. Zalis
argamoyeneba isev aqtualuri Temaa, ara mxolod rogorc
sustis Zlieri mxare, aramed rogorc safuZveli imisa,
rom gavumklavdeT did, globalur pasuxismgeblobas.
ucnauri sulac ar yofila – rogorc megobarma vkiTxe
vilis ufros vaJs, peters, ras fiqrob, rom Seiqmnas sa-
diskusio wre, romelic ganixilavs, Tu ra darCeba ma-
maSenis politikuri Sexedulebebisgan-meTqi. garda amisa,
vkiTxe giunter grass, kritikul megobars, romelic im
momentSi social-demokratiul partiasTan urTierTo-
bis kidev erT mZime fazas gadioda. man maSinve ganacxa-
da Tanxmoba monawileobaze. ase Seikriba gaerTianebuli
qveynis orive nawilis warmomadgenlebisgan jgufi, in-
teleqtualurad damoukidebeli adamianebi, zogs hqonda
bma partiasTan da zogs ara, magram yvela iziarebda vili
brandtis pozicias, rom centridan marcxniv unda gveca-
da Zalauflebasa da sulierebas Soris napralis amovseba.
vili brandtis sazogadoebis damaarseblebs Soris iyvnen
giunter gauzi da krista volfi, dRes arcerTi cocxa-
225
li aRaraa, qristine homan-denhardti, iens raixi, klaus
steki da fridrix Sorlmeri, romelic karga xania war-
marTavs Cvens Sexvedrebs. Temebi ar gveleva.
vilim 1971 wels dabadebis dReze hainrix briuningis
mogonebebi maCuqa minaweriT: `ase ara!~ maSin, 1930 wels,
ekonomikuri krizisis yvelaze mwvave wertilze, gadaWar-
bebulma dazogvis politikam respublikis mowinaaRmde-
geebi gaaZliera, demokratia daasusta da misi dasasruli
gamoiwvia. roca Zalian bevri adamiani gaWirvebulia da
imeds kargavs, demokratia safrTxeSia. amas vxedavT sa-
berZneTSi, mas garedan sagareo-politikuri wnexic emate-
ba, rac qveynis Rirsebas laxavs.
misi `ase ara!~ dRevandelobaze rom gadmovitanoT, mia-
niSnebs: demokratias safrTxe mxolod evropul doneze
ar emuqreba. adamianebs esmiT, rom ekonomikis, valutisa
da vaWrobis sakiTxebi erovnulma saxelmwifoebma, ro-
melTa arsebobac aucilebelia, evropas gadaabares. ma-
gram rigiTi moqalaqe eqsperti ar aris, rom finansuri
konstruqciebis, saxelmwifoebis dafinansebis an bankebis
gadasarCeni koncefciebis ricxvebisa da sityvebis domxa-
li gaSifros. Tuki ar daezara da waikiTxa, Seityobs,
rom dapirispirebaa evrokavSiris sabWos, evrokavSiris
komisias da evropis parlaments Soris, romelic xalxis
warmomadgenlobis sruli uflebamosilebisTvis ibrZvis.
mokled rom vTqvaT: sul ufro meti adamiani grZnobs,
rom evropis didi idea iqca biurokratiuli aparatebis
gaugebar brZolad kompetenciisTvis. Tuki es adamianebi
zurgs Seaqceven evropis ideas, misi sulic Caqreba.
demokratia evropuli gamogonebaa. politikuri Za-
laufleba umaRlesi xelisuflis, xalxis mier Tavisufa-
li arCevnebis saSualebiT gadaecema mTavrobas, da ara
226
bazars. politikam sazogadoebis interesebi unda war-
moadginos. amas ki mxolod maSin SeZlebs, rodesac eko-
nomikas kanonebis saSualebiT dauwesebs CarCoebsa da
wesebs, romelTa SigniTac maT SeuZliaT TavianT mogeba-
ze orientirebuli interesebis gatareba. sxva sityvebiT
rom vTqvaT: demokratia bazarze ufro maRla unda idges.
xist realobaSi finansebis ekonomikam aTwleulebis
gasayaramde aRmoaCina SesaZlebloba, ganecalkevebi na
fuli produqciisgan. msoflio masStabis sixarbem vir-
tu aluri fulis mosapoveblad sapnis buSti Seqmna. ro-
desac igi gaskda, bankebis gadasarCenad saxelmwifos meti
aravin aRmoCnda. misma gadasarCenma paketebma manamde
war moudgeneli Tanxebi Seadgina da saxelmwifoebma Ta-
vic da sakuTari moqalaqeebic valebSi gadaagdes. ase
usas rulod ver gagrZeldeba. vin an ram unda gadaarCinos
bo los Tavad saxelmwifoebi?
vili brandtis lozungs `meti demokratia gavbedoT!~
angela merkelma daupirispira `meti Tavisufleba gavbe-
doT!~. am parolma migviyvana misi `Zalauflebis mimarT
konformistul politikamde~. bazarma saxelmwifoebi
aqeT-iqiT aburTava an sareitingo agenturebis saSuale-
biT CamoaqveiTa. amocana Semdegia: SevqmnaT `politiku-
rad konformistuli bazari~. germanias, rogorc ekono-
mikurad yvelaze Zlier saxelmwifos evropis centrSi,
gansakuTrebuli pasuxismgebloba ekisreba. man unda moi-
povos Cveni evropeli mezoblebis mxardaWera am miznis
misaRwevad. mezobel qveynebSi sul ufro da ufro ukeT
esmiT, rom Cveni kontinenti Tavis raobas dakargavs, de-
mokratia Tu daikarga. aseTi orientaciiT evropas jer
kidev sakmao wona aqvs am multipolarul samyaroSi. ar-
cerTma saxelmwifom ar unda gadaiRos dasavluri de-
227
mokratiis modeli imisTvis, rom bazari dauqvemdebaros
politikas. am orientaciisTvis globaluri konsensusi
albaT Sedgeba.
JorJ sorosi, warmoSobiT ungreli, amerikis moqalaqe,
sabWoTa sistemis CamoSlis Semdeg gvafrTxilebda, rom
kapitalizmic SeiZleba CamoiSalos, Tuki reformirebis
unars dakargavs. finansuri ekonomikis meqanizmebSi Caxe-
dulobis wyalobiT, man kidev bevri miliardi dolari
iSova: gaumarjos kapitalizms, sanam igi cocxalia! ise
Cans, TiTqos sorosi marTalia, TiTqos marTlac sis-
temis krizisTan gvqonda saqme da ara mxolod sistemis
SecdomasTan. dasavleTSi arsebobs kapitalizmis refor-
mirebis demokratiuli sawyisebi. misgan damoukideblad
msoflios didi nawili `Tavis~ kapitalizms ganaviTarebs.
Cveni aTaswleulis erT-erT yvelaze did gamowve-
vas warmoadgens interneti. igi ukve imaze metad cvlis
Cvens cxovrebas, vidre Tavis droze wignis beWdvis ga-
mogonebam Secvala. didi xani dasWirda, sanam adamianebis
umravlesoba wera-kiTxvas iswavlida. interneti cxovre-
bas aiolebs, magram axal kriminalur potencials qmnis
da rogorc istoriis yvela teqnikuri xasiaTis gardate-
xa, samxedro gamoyenebis axal SesaZleblobebsac avlens.
erT-erT maTgans kiber-omi ewodeba, ukve ramdenjerme
gamoicada da mas uaRresad gasaidumloebulad inaxaven.
xom viciT, romeli qveyana romel axal unarebs aviTarebs.
qselis gakontrolebis nebismieri mcdeloba aqamde uSe-
dego aRmoCnda, iqneba es amerika, nato, germania, ruseTi
Tu CineTi.
yvela, vinc usazRvro digitaluri teqnologiiT ukav-
Sirdeba erTmaneTs, msoflio masStabiT da erTdrou-
lad imyofeba erTsa da imave sainformacio doneze da
228
SeuZlia aqtiuri komunikacia. arabuli gazafxuli am qse-
lis arsebobis Sedegia, iseve, rogorc – erovnuli niS-
niT gansxvavebuli – emansipirebuli moqalaqis ajanyeba
mTel msoflioSi – amerikidan CineTamde. magram qselis
momwodeblis mier momxmareblis da sajaro sivrcis mani-
pulirebis SesaZleblobac gaizarda.
axal teqnologiebs iaraRis axali sistemebi moaqvs.
isini mizans ufro azusteben, globaluri wvdomac aqvT
da atomuri iaraRis strategiuli gavlenac. dronebis
farTo arsenalis saSualebiT da komunikaciis usazR-
vro teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT mkvlelobis masStabic
usazRvroa. SegviZlia virwmunoT, rom es teqnika amerikis
monopoliad ar darCeba.
Cveni saukunis axali gamowvevebi mxolod teqnologiu-
ri an samxedro xasiaTis ar gaxlavT, igi exeba garemosac,
razedac aseve gaamaxvila yuradReba brandtis komisiam.
msoflio masStabiT savalalod mcirdeba wylis maragi da
Tuki globaluri daTbobis procesi saukunis bolomde
oTx graduss miaRwevs, yvela saxelmwifo iZulebuli
gaxdeba gaerTiandes gadarCenis saerTo interesis garSe-
mo.
`marcxniv da Tavisufali~, ase aRwera vili brandtma
Tavisi cxovrebis gza 1930-dan 1950 wlamde – liubekidan
berlinamde, memarcxene socialistidan social-demokra-
tamde. wigni exeba brZolas calkeuli adamianis Tavisu-
flebisTvis da iseTi sazogadoebisTvis, sadac ar iqneba
siduxWire. da igi mogviTxrobs imedze, rom ufro samarT-
liani da mSvidobiani iqneba msoflio, romelsac erTxel
ukve gaucrua imedebi reaqciulma sibnelem, istoriis-
gan daclilma sibecem da saxifaTo ambiciebma. Sedegad
evropis didi nawili ganadgurda, rasac dRemde vimkiT.
229
`samomavlod kidev ufro saSineli ram moxdeba, Tu ar
vizrunebT, Tavidan aviciloT mesame msoflio omi~. ase
mTavrdeba winasityva, romelic brandtma am wigns 1982
wlis gazafxulze warumZRvara. ocdaaTi wlis Semdegac
aqtualuria misi sityvebi: `mSvidoba yvelaferi ar aris,
magram mSvidobis gareSe yvelaferi araferia~.
wignSi gamoyenebuli fotoebi warmoadgens Semdegi
pirebisa da organizaciebis sakuTrebas:
barbara klemi 14xelovnebis, kulturisa da istoriis fotosaagento (bpk)/hans
hubmani 9federaluri fotoarqivi 12germaniis sainformacio saagento (dpa) 3, 5, 11, 13, 19i.h. darxingeri / fridrix ebertis fondi 7berlinis miwis arqivi 1 (Siutci 69347), 4 (Suberti, 77510)
gamomcemloba „Spigeli“ 8ulStainis fotoebi 2, 6, 10, 15-18
wigni dakabadonda gamomcemloba `inteleqtSi~
iSBn 978-9941-482-19-9
Tbilisi, p. CanCibaZis quCa 6 ( 214 34 01, 577 33 38 [email protected]
stamba damani / Print House damani
1. maT erTmaneTi moswonT. meore msoflio omis Semdeg mSobliur qalaqSi pirvelad Camosul marlene ditrixs berlinis mmarTveli meri vili brandti ratuSaSi esalmeba.
2. germaneli kenedi? mmarTveli meri stumrad jon kenedisTan TeTr saxlSi, 1962 weli.
3. brandenburgis karibWesTan senatis kancelariis SefTan hainrix albertcTan (marjvniv) erTad.
4. aSS-Si mogzaurobidan dabrunebisas tempelhofis aeroportSi.
5. didi koaliciis kanclerTan kurt georg kizingerTan brandts TavSekavebuli damokidebuleba hqonda. erCivna, yoveldRiuri urTierToba fraqciis TavmjdomarisTvis, helmut SmidtisTvis miendo.
6. partiis yriloba 1969 wlis aprilSi bad godesbergSi. xuTi Tvis Tavze brandtma Tavisufal demokratebTan koaliciis Seqmna gadawyvita da igi kanclerad airCies.
7. xumrobisTvis kancleris aparatSi dro iSviaTad gvaqvs, magram Tuki stumari igvianebs...
8. Jurnal „Spigelis“ yda 1970 wlis 9 Tebervals. ukana planze tintoretos naxati – doJisa da brwyinvale diplomatis paolo tiepolos portreti, romelic kizingerma SearCia kancleris kabinetisTvis. brandtma Segnebulad gaagrZela adenaueris Semdeg damkvidrebuli tradicia da araferi Seucvlia Tavis samuSao oTaxSi.
9. moskovis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris win kremlSi 1970 wlis 12 agvistos. sanam brandti da kosigini raRacas arkveven, ukana rigebSi ukve mxiaruloben.
10. moskovis aeroportSi valentin falinTan erTad.
11. usafrTxoebis mrCevelTan henri kisinjerTan TanamSromloba male iqca ndobiT aRsavse urTierTobad.
12. germanul-germanuli molaparakebebi mixael kolTan mdored miedineboda da xSirad gviwevda pirispir Sexvedra.
13. simpaTia pirveli naxvisaTanave da ruT brandtis xelis usasrulod xangrZlivi ambori – breJnevi 1971 wels bonSi.
14. marjvniv Sefebi sxedan, marcxniv momlaparakeblebi, romelTac Tarjimani ar sWirdebaT. breJnevi da gromiko 1973 wlis maisSi bonSi, petersbergze.
15. „Cven yvelas gviyvarxar!“ daiZaxa venerma fraqciis TandaswrebiT brandtis gadadgomis Semdeg. misi saxe yvelaferze metyvelebs.
16. gaucxoeba aSkaraa – 1975 wels partiis yrilobaze manhaimSi.
17. cal-calke da mainc erTad saxelmwifosa da partiis mimarT pasuxismgeblobis gamo. brandti da Smidti 1982 wels.
18. megobari milocavs 70 wlis iubiles 1992 wels.
19. axali imedebis molodinSi: brandti da gorbaCovi bonSi 1989 wels.