Feudal Powers in Japan I. Geography of Japan Archipelago of 4,000 islands Advantages: Mild climate +...
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Transcript of Feudal Powers in Japan I. Geography of Japan Archipelago of 4,000 islands Advantages: Mild climate +...
I. Geography of JapanI. Geography of Japan
Archipelago of 4,000 islands Archipelago of 4,000 islands Advantages: Advantages:
Mild climate + rainfall + long growing season = FOOD!Mild climate + rainfall + long growing season = FOOD! Disadvantages:Disadvantages:
70% mountainous 70% mountainous 12% is arable 12% is arable Little resources Little resources Typhoons & earthquakesTyphoons & earthquakes Isolation? Isolation?
II. Early JapanII. Early Japan
Religion helped unify Japan Religion helped unify Japan Kami = gods or nature spirits Kami = gods or nature spirits
Each clan worshipped one Each clan worshipped one Shinto religion Shinto religion
Prayers & rituals to satisfy the kamiPrayers & rituals to satisfy the kami INDIGENOUS RELIGION!INDIGENOUS RELIGION!
III. The Yamato EmperorsIII. The Yamato Emperors
Yamato clan = one & only imperial fam. of JapanYamato clan = one & only imperial fam. of Japan 400s CE = leading clan descended from the sun goddess400s CE = leading clan descended from the sun goddess Early emps. = did not control much but Japanese Early emps. = did not control much but Japanese
accepted the idea of the emp. accepted the idea of the emp. Rival clans fought to rule in the name of the emp.Rival clans fought to rule in the name of the emp.
Emp. = figurehead only (puppet of ruling power)Emp. = figurehead only (puppet of ruling power)
IV. Japanese CultureIV. Japanese Culture
400s: Japan learned of Chinese culture 400s: Japan learned of Chinese culture
A. Buddhism in JapanA. Buddhism in Japan
552: Buddhism in introduced to Japan552: Buddhism in introduced to Japan Took a few years to adopt Took a few years to adopt
Did not replace ShintoismDid not replace Shintoism Believed in both Believed in both
NON-INDIGENOUS RELIGION! NON-INDIGENOUS RELIGION!
B. Chinese InfluenceB. Chinese Influence
Buddhism led to other imported ideas of ChinaBuddhism led to other imported ideas of China Writing Writing Everyday livingEveryday living Govt.Govt. ArtArt Weights & measures Weights & measures Clothing Clothing
V. Life in the Heian Prd.V. Life in the Heian Prd.
794: capital built at Heian (Kyoto) 794: capital built at Heian (Kyoto) 794-1185 = Heian Prd. (“peace & tranquility”)794-1185 = Heian Prd. (“peace & tranquility”)
Growth of large landed estates Growth of large landed estates Height of Chinese influences (arts & lit.)Height of Chinese influences (arts & lit.) Peak of Japanese imperial court (art, poetry, lit.) Peak of Japanese imperial court (art, poetry, lit.)
Elaborate court life—highly refined—ETIQUETTEElaborate court life—highly refined—ETIQUETTE Movement away from Chinese models in religion, arts, & Movement away from Chinese models in religion, arts, &
govt. govt.
VI. Imperialism Erodes Imperial VI. Imperialism Erodes Imperial AuthorityAuthority
Heian Prd. = strong central govt.Heian Prd. = strong central govt. Would be challenged by landowners & chiefsWould be challenged by landowners & chiefs
A. Decline of Central PowerA. Decline of Central Power
Heian Prd. = Fujiwara family held powerHeian Prd. = Fujiwara family held power Landowners est. private armies in countrysideLandowners est. private armies in countryside
Countryside = lawless & dangerous Countryside = lawless & dangerous Preyed on farmers & travelers Preyed on farmers & travelers Acquired land for protection Acquired land for protection
FEUDALISM IS BORN IN JAPAN! FEUDALISM IS BORN IN JAPAN! Feudal System = 2 powersFeudal System = 2 powers
1. central govt. = important family1. central govt. = important family 2. local govt. = powerful landlords 2. local govt. = powerful landlords
B. Central Govt.B. Central Govt.
Fujiwara = first to gain control over emp.Fujiwara = first to gain control over emp. Married into the emp’s. fam. Married into the emp’s. fam. Controlled cent. govt. from mid-800s to mid-1100sControlled cent. govt. from mid-800s to mid-1100s
Late 1100s: Taira & Minamoto clans fought Late 1100s: Taira & Minamoto clans fought Min. won Min. won 1192: Minamoto Yoritomo = SHOGUN (“general”)1192: Minamoto Yoritomo = SHOGUN (“general”)
Real power rested w/Shogun (chief of central govt.) Real power rested w/Shogun (chief of central govt.) finance, laws, courts, & appointments finance, laws, courts, & appointments
Kyoto = emp’s. city Kyoto = emp’s. city Kamakura = shogun’s city Kamakura = shogun’s city
Minamoto YoritomoMinamoto YoritomoMinamoto YoritomoMinamoto Yoritomo
Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333
C. Local RuleC. Local Rule
Shogun’s power did not extend to local level Shogun’s power did not extend to local level Daimyo = wealthy landlords Daimyo = wealthy landlords Samurai = professional soldiers hired by daimyoSamurai = professional soldiers hired by daimyo
Skilled swordsman (katana) Skilled swordsman (katana) Followed the Bushido Code (“way of the warrior”)Followed the Bushido Code (“way of the warrior”) If defeated or dishonored = seppuku (wakizashi) If defeated or dishonored = seppuku (wakizashi)
Seppuku: Seppuku: Ritual SuicideRitual Suicide
Seppuku: Seppuku: Ritual SuicideRitual Suicide
Kaishaku – his “seconds”
Kaishaku – his “seconds”
It is honorable to die in this way.
It is honorable to die in this way.
Modern-Day “Samurai Modern-Day “Samurai Warriors”Warriors”
Modern-Day “Samurai Modern-Day “Samurai Warriors”Warriors”
FeudaFeudal l
SocietSocietyy
FeudaFeudal l
SocietSocietyy
The emperor The emperor reigned, but reigned, but
did not always did not always rule!rule!
FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.
Japan:Japan:
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.
Japan:Japan: Shogun
Daimyo Daimyo
Samurai Samurai Samurai
Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant
Land - Shoen
Land - Shoen
Protection
Loyalty
Loyalty
Food
FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.
Europe:
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.
Europe:
King
Lord Lord
Knight Knight Knight
Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant
Land - Fief
Land - Fief
Protection
Loyalty
Loyalty
Food
European knightEuropean knight Samurai WarriorSamurai Warrior
vs.vs.
Medieval WarriorsMedieval Warriors