Ferry Safety & Stability - IUMI · Sea Transport Logistics Example - RABAUL QUEEN • Capsized off...

Sea Transport Logistics www.seatransport.com

Ferry Safety & Stability For those who want to sleep easy at night.

Stuart Ballantyne

IUMI – Hong Kong 2014


HOW TO AVOID CAPSIZE? Avoid Large Superstructures


HOW TO AVOID CAPSIZE?

SEWOL TRAGEDY – larger than designed superstructure,

helm hard over, cargo unsecured in vehicle deck

If you think a well designed ship optimised for the route is expensive,

…….try an accident with a cheap conversion

WEIGHT TOO HIGH ON THE VESSEL


HOW TO AVOID CAPSIZE ! - Ferries Buy a Catamaran or Trimaran (with very large GM)

Even when the hull is damaged, they are difficult to sink


HOW TO AVOID CAPSIZE? Ensure the vessel has a large GM This generally can

only be achieved in catamarans or trimarans

“With the increasing regulations of ECA’s, scrubbers, damaged stability criteria, etc., it is very difficult for monohull ropax ferries to be viable” Johan Roos, Europe

Manager, Interferry, at 2013 Interferry conference Malta

When these vessels are sold to 3rd world countries with high density seating and increased passenger

numbers, will they meeting regulatory standards ? No


HOW TO AVOID CAPSIZE DESIGN IT FOR THE OPERATIONAL AREA.

68m Ropax Catamaran – Orkney Islands.

High bow and tunnel clearance

Good stability + Good Seakeeping


HOW TO AVOID CAPSIZE? AVOID OVERCROWDING

YOU SHOULD ALWAYS HAVE A VESSEL THAT RUNS OUT OF DECK SPACE BEFORE IT RUNS OUT OF STABILITY, NOT THE OTHER WAY AROUND !


HOW TO AVOID CAPSIZE ! – Landing Craft Incorporate side buoyancy

Modern Stern Landing Vessel (SLV) designs with a High GM and shipshape bow

The Monohull sank with

39 fatalities(higher than

Costa Concordia)…

…THE CATAMARAN STAYED AFLOAT WITH NO FATALITIES.

A Catamaran ferry crashed into a monohull ferry in

Hong Kong in September 2012 during celebrations.

But do Multihulls have Accidents?


Do Multihulls have accidents? Same time as HK ferry Disaster.

Bahamas Ferries catamaran, MV Sealink ran into reef August 2012 at 15 knots. No flooding into either main hulls and no damage to the bow stems. No one injured or killed

IUMI SHOULD PROMOTE LOWER PREMIUMS FOR MULTIHULLFERRIES


HOW TO AVOID CAPSIZE !

Choosing a correct vessel for an operation can be hindered by the costs to meet regulations.

GRT and NRT is a dangerous and obsolete legacy due to modern designers removing forecastles and aftercastles, just to minimise tonnage and their related fees.

THIS CONTINUES TO CAUSE LOSS OF

LIVES WITH LARGE INSURANCE CLAIMS


Example - RABAUL QUEEN • Capsized off the coast of PNG in 2012 – 142 fatalities

• Investigation blamed overloaded by 80 Pax (although most

were children = 4Tonnes)

• Waves over bow in forecastle of 1.1m = 17tonnes

• Waterline length of 43m (Less than 500GRT)

• LWL too short for those Wave Lengths and encounter periods of

4-6 seconds and vessel would dive into next wave and have

foredeck swamped in the predominant SE waves


THE NEED TO CHANGE REGULATIONS !! • Vessels operating in trade wind areas need to be over 55m in

waterline length to avoid diving into steep seas, like the Rabaul

Queen did

• It is of utmost importance for IUMI to support the Removal

of 500GRT as the convention vessel benchmark, and

replace it with 60m LWL. Other benchmarks 999,1499 GRT

have also caused loss of lives and vessels


THE NEED TO CHANGE REGULATIONS !! • Other benchmarks 999,1499 GRT have also caused loss of

lives and vessels. Dutch Naval Architect Ernst Vossnack

highlighted a number of paragraph vessel losses with

inexperienced designers removing the fo’cstle and after

castles to eliminate GRT and then achieve the benchmark

tonnage

• The Bulker Derbyshire had no Foc’stle (to reduce GRT)

which certainly contributed to the collapse of No.1 hatch

and the loss of the vessel with all lives

• IMO continues to ignore this “Safety of Lives at Sea” issue

and continues its blinkered focus on environmental issues

Marine Design Consultants, & Project Managers

SEA TRANSPORT SOLUTIONS P/L

SEA TRANSPORT LOGISTICS P/L

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THANK YOU

Ferry Safety & Stability - IUMI · Sea Transport Logistics Example - RABAUL QUEEN • Capsized off...

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