Advances in legume breeding for better livelihoods of smallholder farmers in ssa
Feeding and breeding systems in the Uganda smallholder pigs value chain
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Feeding and breeding systems in the Uganda smallholder pigs value chain Natalie Carter and Danilo Pezo “Workshop: In-depth smallholder pig value chain assessment and preliminary identification of best-bet interventions, Kampala, 9-11 April 2013”
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Presented by Natalie Carter and Danilo Pezo at the Workshop on In-depth smallholder pig value chain assessment and preliminary identification of best-bet interventions, Kampala, 9-11 April 2013
Transcript of Feeding and breeding systems in the Uganda smallholder pigs value chain
Feeding and breeding systems in the Uganda smallholder pigs
value chain
Natalie Carter and Danilo Pezo
“Workshop: In-depth smallholder pig value chain assessment and preliminary identification of best-bet interventions, Kampala, 9-11
April 2013”
OVERVIEW
Production Systems Water Available Feeds Forages Constraints Solutions Summary
Trends in breed-types
Sources of pigs Mating
management Constraints Summary
Feeding Breeding
FEEDING SYSTEMSExtensive: permanent scavengingSemi-intensive: sometimes scavengeIntensive: total confinement
MAIN WATER SOURCE BY SEASON
MAIN WATER SOURCE BY SEASON
TA
P
WE
LLS
BO
RE
HO
LE
RA
IN W
ATE
R
PO
ND
S
SPR
ING
S
WA
STE
WA
TE
R
HU
MA
N U
RIN
E
TA
P
WE
LLS
BO
RE
HO
LE
RA
IN W
ATE
R
PO
ND
S
SPR
ING
S
WA
STE
WA
TE
R
HU
MA
N U
RIN
E
WET SEASON DRY SEASON
0
20
40
60
80
RU UU RR
WATER PROVISION FREQUENCY PER DAY
Once
Twice
Thric
e
Four
tim
es
Six
times
Thro
ugho
ut d
ay0
10203040506070
RU UU RR
FEED AVAILABILITY BY MONTH
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
RU UU RR
FEEDS USED BY MONTH
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0
20
40
60
80
100
120
RU
commercial crop residuesforage home mixedkitchen leftovers
FEEDS USED BY MONTH
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0
20
40
60
80
100
120
UU
commercial crop residuesforage home mixedkitchen leftovers
FEEDS USED BY MONTH
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0
20
40
60
80
100
120
RR
commercial crop residuesforage home mixedkitchen leftovers
FEEDS USED
FORAGES USED AND REASONS WHY
Cassava leaves and yam leaves – all threeAmaranthus – Rural-UrbanSweet potato vines – Urban-Urban & Rural-RuralCassava leaves: Very palatable Medicinal Give satisfaction to pigs Fast growth Human and animal feed
FORAGES USED AND REASONS WHY
Amaranthus: Rich in vitamins PalatableSweet potato vines: Very palatable Give satisfaction to pigs Medicinal Boost growth and milk and reduces fat Accessible
MAIN FEED-RELATED CONSTRAINTS
Rural-Rural and Rural - Urban Expensive, poor quality commercial Lack knowledge - home mixing Drought – forages scarce Harmful objects – kitchen leftoversUrban-Urban Expensive commercial Drought – forages scarce Lack knowledge – home mixing Drought – forages scarce
SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
Grow and store enough Borrow money Use planted forages Home mixed rations Training – quality and mixing Training – feed conservation Training- weather and climate factors Training – proper treatment of kitchen
waste Clean, check, sort, boil waste
SUMMARY
3 systems Water sources Twice per day Feed availability Feed types Forages and benefits Constraints Solutions
Smallholder Pig Value Chain R4D Projects in Uganda
THE BREEDING COMPONENT IN SMALLHOLDER PIG FARMS OF KAMULI,
MASAKA AND MUKONO
Breed Types
Local Improved
Cross-bred
Changes in the use of different breed-types in the last 10 years
Kamuli Masaka
Changes in the use of different breed-types in the last 10 years
Mukono
Changes in the use of different breed-types in the last 10 years,
as a function of VC domains
%
Attributes identified by farmers for different breed types
Attributes identified by farmers for different breed types
Characteristics Tally LocalCross- bred
Exotic
Many teats(> 12) 41 2.8 1.8 1.3
Mothering ability 2 3.5 1.5 1.5
Large litter size 3 3.3 2 1
Horizontally long 64 3.2 1.9 1.3
Floppy ears 57 3.1 1.73 1.4
Fast growth 20 3.6 1.8 1.3
Color/skin appearance 16 1.7 1.5 1.6
Note: Scores from 1 to 5, being 1 = very good and 5 = very poor
Factors considered for applying controlled mating
Mating Control: Factors considered for applying
VC domain Reason %
U – UTo avoid inbreeding 27.6
Age of the gilts 24.1
Weight of the boar 10.3
R – UAge of the gilts 27.3
To avoid inbreeding 22.7
Weight of the boar 22.7
R – R To avoid inbreeding 16.7
Age of the gilts 23.8
Usea a good quality boar 16.7
Main constraints in breeding
Other problems observed while using improved breeds
VC domain Problems %
U – U
Feeds are expensive 14.3
Susceptibility to diseases 14.3
Sows eat own piglets 14.3
R – U
Agalactia (lack of milk) 21.9
Sows eating own piglets 12.5
Feeds are expensive 9.4
R – R
Agalactia (lack of milk) 17.9
Piglet mortality 13.4
Sows eat own piglets 10.4
SUMMARY (1)
The use of crossbred and exotic animals has increased in the last 10 years, but locals are still important in the rural settings.
Exotic breeds are the most preferred in U-U. whereas in the R-U and R-R exotic and crossbreds are equally preferred
The attributes most valued by farmers are: number of teats, body length, floppy ears and fast growth. All three have higher positive scores in the exotic and crossbred animals.
SUMMARY (2)
The main limiting factors for not using the preferred breeds (exotic and crossbreds) are: costs of animals, susceptibility to diseases and the need for feeds to match higher nutrient demands as well as investment to provide appropriate housing facilities.
