Fedora Core and Redhat Linux CD Installation

8/12/2019 Fedora Core and Redhat Linux CD Installation

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Fedora Core and RedhatLinux CD Installation,

Version Upgrade,Configuration and BasicAdministration

This tutorial covers the installation and/or upgrades,configuration and basic administration of Red HatEnterprise Linux, Fedora Core 1-6, Redhat 5.0-9.0,Enterprise 3,4 CD-ROM distribution.

Contents: # Configuration Options # Hardware considerations

# Documentation on the installation CD

# MS/Windows Backup and Recovery Plan - (if something fails in dualboot installation)

# Installation

# Lilo, Grub and boot loaders

# Completing Install

# Creating a Linux intall boot floppy for Linux Installation

# Post Installation Configuration

# NVidia Graphics driver installation

# System services

# Features and Changes

# Pitfalls and Fixes

# System Re-Configuration

# Basic System Administration

# Links

# Books and references

Configuration options:
http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#CONFIGOPTIONShttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#HARDWAREhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#DOCUMENTATIONhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#BACKUPhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#BACKUPhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#INSTALLhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#LILOGRUBhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#FINISHhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#CREATEBOOTFLOPPYhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#POSTINSTALLhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#NVIDIAhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#SERVICEShttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#FEATUREShttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#PITFALLShttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#PITFALLShttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#RECONFIGhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#BASICADMINhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#LINKShttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#BOOKShttp://www.burstnet.com/ads/ad9427a-map.cgi/ns/v=2.0S/sz=468x60A%7C728x90A/http://www.yolinux.com/http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#HARDWAREhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#DOCUMENTATIONhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#BACKUPhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#BACKUPhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#INSTALLhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#LILOGRUBhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#FINISHhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#CREATEBOOTFLOPPYhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#POSTINSTALLhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#NVIDIAhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#SERVICEShttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#FEATUREShttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#PITFALLShttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#RECONFIGhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#BASICADMINhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#LINKShttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#BOOKShttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#CONFIGOPTIONS


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You have two choices, a single Operating System (OS) or a multi-boot system.

Many desktop users like to run Linux in addition to Windows on an existing PC. Anadditional hard drive may be used for Linux or an existing drive may be sectionedinto two or more partitions. Linux may also reside as the only operating system on

the computer as is preferred by those creating a server. Using a separate drive forLinux is the easiest and the preferred multi-boot configuration because it allows theoriginal Windows drive to remain intact.

Note: Re-partitioning a drive will destroy all data on the drive unless a tool such aspartition magic or fips is used. The Red Hat CD-ROM includes the repartitioning tool"fips" in the dosutils directory. See /dosutils/fipsdocs . This tool is unsupported.Partition Magic would be a wiser choice for those pursuing this approach. For dualboot installations, MS/Windows can be re-installed allowing the Microsoft installer torepartition the drive.

For those creating a dual boot system with Microsoft Windows and versions ofFedora Core or Red Hat Linux (8/9) with the GRUB boot loader, install Windows firstand then let the Linux installation handle the dual boot configuration. It's that easy.

Details: When creating a dual boot system with Windows NT or Windows 2000, theNT loader resides on the Master Boot Record (MBR). Upon boot-up, the NT loader isactivated and then it loads lilo or Grub to boot Linux. (Lilo is the older Linux bootloader. Red Hat 7.2 introduced Grub as the default boot loader.) In this instance, lilo(or Grub) does not reside on the Master Boot Record (MBR) as it would for aWindows 95 or Linux only installation. Instead lilo (or Grub) will install on the first

sector of the root partition. See: LDP: NT Loader HOWTO(Or boot with a floppywhich has Lilo or GRUB on the MBR of the floppy. See the: YoLinux Boot DiskCreation Tutorial)

Upgrades: I have been upgrading versions of Red Hat since 5.2. Each release canupgrade to the next. Fedora Core is the upgrade path to Red Hat 9.0.

Hardware considerations:

The latest releases of the Linux kernel will have the best chance at supporting newerhardware. Older versions may require downloading drivers separately and

introducing them during install. Thus the latest release of Fedore Core will have thebest chance of supporting the latest graphics cards and SATA chipsets. Other LinuxOSs which tend to include the latest kernels and thus the latest hardware support,are SuSE and Ubuntu Linux.

Most PC motherboard support two IDE connectors, a primary and a secondary. EachIDE connector has a ribbon cable which can support two devices. A typical PC withone hard drive and one CD-ROM can thus support two more devices. A jumper onthe device will set the device to be either the master or slave device on that IDEconnection. (You can't have both devices configured as master or slave on one IDEribbon cable, you may have a maximum of one of each.)

Also check the hardware compatability listbefore you begin.
http://en.tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/Linux+NT-Loader.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRecoveryAndBootDisk.html#LILOhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRecoveryAndBootDisk.html#LILOhttp://www.redhat.com/support/hardware/intel/62/rh6.2-hcl-i.ld.htmlhttp://en.tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/Linux+NT-Loader.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRecoveryAndBootDisk.html#LILOhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRecoveryAndBootDisk.html#LILOhttp://www.redhat.com/support/hardware/intel/62/rh6.2-hcl-i.ld.html


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A tool to detect the hardware you are using is available as a DOS disk from theUlitimate Boot Disk site.

AMD x86_64:The wonderfull thing about this hardware and a release of Linuxcompiled for this harware is that it runs all your old i386 32 bit applications. In order

to run third party browser plugins for which there is no source (Macromedia Flash,Real Player, ...) do NOT install the x86_64 version of the browser but instead,manually install the i386 32 bit version after the OS installation. I run Fedora Core 3x86_64 on an AMD Athelon 64 but installed and run the i386 Fedora Core 3 RPM forthe firefox browser. This allows all of the 32 bit plugins to integrate with the browserand operate successfully. One can also run programs compiled for i686(/lib/i686/). How's that for compatability!! The Fedora Core 3 Linux release has/usr/lib64/as well as /usr/lib/. You will also find /usr/X11R6/lib64/and/usr/X11R6/lib/as well as compatability libraries for i386 (i.e. /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/...). The compilers gcc/g++ will compile a 64-bitexecutable. Given the option "-m32", the compiler will generate 32-bit executables.It's the ultimate developers platform as well!! I even have no problem running someold Red Hat Powertools 7.1 RPMs. Due to the native and highly integrated x86 32 bitprocessing with new 64 bit extentions, there is no 32 emulation or noticable loss ofspeed when running 32 bit apps. The advantage of compiled 64 bit applicationsrunning on this chip is the 64 bit addressibility (64 bits can address more memoryand larger file systems) and handling of larger data chunks with a single operation.

This information should also be true for the Intel EM64T architecture.

Documentation on the Installation CD:

Online manuals can be read from the Linux CD-ROM by any operating system. FromWindows you can look at your Linux CD and open the files with a web browser.

Fedora Core 1-6:

Release notes are on the first CD. For documentation seehttp://fedora.redhat.com/docs/.

RH 8.0, 9.0:

Documentation is contained on a CD separate from the 3 installation CD's.

RH 7.2:

Red Hat 7.2 has an identical layout to 7.1. Documentation is held on a dedicated CDwith the same paths and files (If you substitute 7.2 for 7.1).

RH 7.1:

CDR!"#R$-DC%#rhl-cg-en-&.1#index.ht'l - Red HatConfiguration Guide: Dual Boot, Kickstatrt Install, Rescue Mode, RAID,

Network, !", ##H, #a$%a, A&ac'e, BIND, "rinters, (inu)conf, %uilding aKernel, R"M, "G"
http://www.startdisk.com/http://www.startdisk.com/http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/http://www.startdisk.com/http://www.startdisk.com/http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/


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CDR!"#R$-DC%#rhl-gsg-en-&.1#index.ht'l - Getting #tartedGuide: Gno$e, KD*, +e%, e-$ail, Audio, ideo, Gi$&, s', general intro CDR!"#R$-DC%#rhl-ig-x86-en-&.1#index.ht'l - Red Hat (inu) ).Installation Guide CDR!"#R$-DC%#rhl-rg-en-&.1#index.ht'l - Red Hat ReferenceGuide: ile s/ste$s, users, grou&s, %oot, init, s'utdown, (DA", CC#

0Credit Card erification #/ste$1, #end$ail, #ecurit/, "AM, Ker%eros,!ri&wire, ##H, A&ac'e, "owertools CDR!"#()*%#... - re2uentl/ Asked 3uestions CDR!"#$+,%#DX.ht'l - How !o docu$entation fro$ t'e4(inu) Docu$entation "ro5ect4

The Red Hat 7.1 release put all documents on a separate CD labeled"Documentation CD".

RH 6.2:

CDR!"#doc#gsg#index.ht' - Redhat 0etting %tarted 0uide CDR!"#doc#install-guide#index.ht' - R$ nstallation 0uide

CDR!"#doc#ref-guide#index.ht' - R$ Reference 0uideNote: RH 6.2 did NOT include the HOWTO section. See: http://en.tldp.org/HOWTO/

All releases contain documentation on DEC/Alpha installations in:

CDR!"#doc#alpha#

RH 6.1:

CDR!"#doc#rhinst#index.ht' - nstall 0uideCDR!"#doc#rhgsg#index.ht' - 0etting %tarted 0uideCDR!"#doc#rhref#index.ht' - Reference 0uide

RH 6.0:introduced the ``Getting Started Guide'' in:

CDR!"#doc#rhgsg#index.ht'

RH 5.2/6.0:

CDR!"#doc#rh'anual#'anual#index.ht' - RD$), 'anual.CDR!"#doc#$+,#... - R$ .2/6./6.1CDR!"#()*#$,!#ndex.ht' - R$ .2/6./6.1

MS/Windows Backup and Recovery Plan: (if something fails in dual

boot installation):

For those who will be creating a dual boot computer and wish to maintain a windowspartition or drive:

1. Backup important partitions.2. Create a DOS boot floppy to restore a ``Master Boot Record'' if it gets

corrupted.

3. Create DOS/Windows recovery disks for DOS/Windows partitions. (For dualboot configurations)
http://en.tldp.org/HOWTO/http://en.tldp.org/HOWTO/


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It would be wise to make a backup of anything important that may reside on disks orpartitions you don't intend on disturbing. The Linux installation has the option ofinstalling one of the operating system loaders Lilo or GRUB. GRUB was introducedas the default Linux boot loader in Red Hat 7.2. The boot loader allows one to bootone or more operating systems and is usually installed on the master boot record of

the hard drive (boot drive). In the case of Windows NT (or variants), the Microsoftboot loader is used to launch the Linux boot loader which will then boots Linux. As aprecaution, it would be wise to have a rescue plan for the Master Boot Record.

DOS recovery disk: From DOS create a floppy:

C"#5(R!), / )"/% C"#5C7 C"#D%#(D%9.X )"# C"#5C7 C"#D%#(R!),.C! )"# C"#5C7 C"#D%#!%D.X )"#

This creates a boot floppy with some rescue tools. To restore a Master Boot Record,boot the PC from the floppy and enter the following shell command:

DOS/Win9X: )"#5(D%9 /!:R C"

Win 2000/NT: (boot from CD and enter "Recovery Console")

fix'br

Win XP: (boot from CD and enter "Recovery Console")

bootcfg /rebuild

Explanation of MBR:The Master Boot Record is on a sector of your hard drivewhich cannot be seen from your file system. It is separate. Upon booting, the systemreads the MBR first. This points the computer to the portion of the disk where theoperating system resides and the OS is loaded from there. When running a dual bootsystem, LILO (or Grub) in the MBR can point to more than one operating systemfrom which to boot.

Windows 95 recovery diskette:To create a windows ``start-up'' disk, select ``Start''+ ``Settings'' + ``Control Panel'' + ``Add/Remove Programs'' then select the ``StartupDisk'' tab. This may require your Windows 95 CD-ROM.

Red Hat re-install on an existing system:Save configuration info

Configuration files are held in the directory /etc/. Save a backup or hard copyof the "conf" files you need to re-configure your system. The command ls-lrtwill list files in a reverse time ordered fashion. The newer files are listedlast and are the ones most likely changed.

Backup or print file /etc/s;sconfig/rhn/s;ste'idto preserve theconfiguration information for up2date. See pitfall

Installation:
http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#UP2DATEPITFALLhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRedHatInstallation.html#UP2DATEPITFALL


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I highly recommend that you choose "Custom Installation" mode and not Server orWorkstation . Server and Workstation installation modes add pre-configureddisk partitions which may wipe out stuff on drives you did not intend todisturb.A server-class installation does NOT install a GUI interface nor does itinstall X-windows. To install everything choose the "Custom" installation option. You

can always turn off or ignore services and software you don't need.

[Potential Pitfall]:(RH 7.1) A server-class installation WILL erase all partitionsboth Linux and Non-Linux from every one of your computer's hard drives.Thismethod will also put Lilo (or Grub) on the MBR. (Not good for Windows NT dual boot)

The "Automatic Partitioning" option (RH 7.1 and greater) is used by workstation,server and laptop class preconfigured installtions and has the consequences ofoverwriting the MBR and re-partitioning all your drives. The "Manual" partition optionis much more flexible.Two manual partition tools are available:

1. "Disk Druid" - I use this one2. fdisk

The auto option creates two partitions (/bootand /) and represents the most simpleof installations. It is ideal for single user systems. A server or shared system maywant to separate the users from the operating system by placing /ho'eon a separatepartition as well as /


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Linux IDE naming conventions:

Device Description Configuration

/dev/hda 1st (Primary) IDE controller Master

/dev/hdb 1st (Primary) IDE controller Slave

/dev/hdc 2nd (Secondary) IDE controller Master

/dev/hdd 2nd (Secondary) IDE controller Slave

If the CD-ROM was NOTrecognized, restart from the Linux boot floppy and enter atthe ``boot:'' prompt, linux hd6>cdro', where Xis a,b,c or d as described above.

Partitions: You will add at least three partitions. The first will be unnamed as a Linuxswap partition of a given size i.e. 127Mb. (I'm generous and use at least twice the

value of RAM memory on my system.) Add another as /bootof type ext2 Linuxnative and the third as /, Linux native ext3 (Red Hat native journaled file system) orLVM (logical volume manager: allows growing a file system by adding extra drives.Introduced in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 and Fedora Core) and [*] growable. The"growable" option takes whatever size is given as a minimum and actually allows thepartition to take up the rest of the drive without actually specifying how much spaceis left. Use the space bar to toggle your choices between un-selected [ ] and selected[*]. (For RH 6.1 pick the select button.)

Mount Point Size Growable Type

/boot 23Mb (RH9)75Mb (RHEL4)

? @ Linux native (ext2)(no need to journal /boot)

AAAAAAAAA 512 (for 256 Mb RAM)(Use RAM memory * 2)

? @ Linux swap

/ 100 ?B@ Linux native (ext3 or LVM)

The size of "/" set to 500 min. is arbitrary as the installer will use whatever isavailable because "Growable" is selected.

RHEL 4 defaults: boot-75MbRH 5.2/6.0 defaults: boot-16Mb, swap-127Mb

Descriptions:

Swap - used for virtual memory (Use the larger value: 2 x physical memory or127Mb. Red Hat 7.1 directions recomends at least 254Mb.

/boot- Bootable operating system kernel is placed here. No need for ajournaled file system thus you can use ext2. (ext3 will also work)

/- All the rest of the UNIX files are placed under this directory

o /ho'e- User directories. Server configurations often make this a separate partition

so that user's disk resources are limited. Another way to limit user disk resources is touse the quota feature. SeeYoLinux quota tutorial
http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialQuotas.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialQuotas.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialQuotas.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialQuotas.html


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o /opt- Optional software added to the system. (Software which didn't come with the

OS. Some user /usr/local.)

o /


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recognize that it does not have a driver for the hardware detected. For example: RedHat 8.0 and the Adaptec U320 SCSI driver:

Download the host bus adapter floppy image. Unzip the file: gip -d aicXX..-i686-rh8.0.i'g.g

Copy floppy image to floppy: dd if>aicXX..-i686-rh8.0.i'g of>/de144

The Red Hat installation program will request the missing driver. Load the floppywhen asked: "No drivers found - would you like to select drivers now?". Select "yes".Press "F2" to provide the SCSI driver on a floppy and continue with the installation.

Other Installation Methods:This tutorial covers installation from a CR-ROM. Itshould be pointed out that Linux may also be installed from an NFS server, by FTP,SMB (a windows shared drive) and from a local hard drive.

[Potential Pitfall]:If using IDE, note that most BIOS's requires /bootbe installed ona drive attached to the Primary controller. If using two IDE hard drives it might bebest to place them on the primary controller and place the CD-ROM on theSecondary .

[Potential Pitfall]:When using SCSI devices, the /bootpartition must reside onSCSI ID 0 or 1.

[Potential Pitfall RH7.0 and earlier]:NOTE:The /bootpartition must be completelyplaced within the first 1024 cylinders of the disk. This drive geometry information is

presented by Disk Druid under the heading Geom. The symbols [C / H / S] represent[Cylinders / Heads / Sectors] of the drive. (This is one reason why it may be easiestto install Linux on a separate drive and place the /bootpartition at the beginning ofthe drive.) RH 7.1 introduced a newer version of LILO with LBA32 support whichcorrects this limitation. Red Hat 7.2 has even fewer restrictions. In fact RH 7.2introduces new features which allow flexibility in choosing location and placement offile systems, boot loaders and kernel on your drive.

[Potential Pitfall]:I had one installation where I selected the "Check for bad blocks"while formatting and it caused the install to lock up. On this particular system I had to

skip this check.

[Potential Pitfall]:If the hard drive was 100% entirely formatted for windows, therewill be no space for Linux partitions. During the install you must select the windowspartition and delete it before adding new partitions and assigning percentages.

Lets Do The Install:Partitions and mount points which are already allocated, arelisted at the top of the screen. Use the "Tab" key to get to "Add" if you want to createa new partition for Linux. Use the "Tab" key to get to "Delete" , if you are going to putLinux on a partition previously used for DOS and then "Add" it as a new Linuxpartition.

Tab to the hard drive selection box which will have all drives selected.
http://people.freebsd.org/~gibbs/linux/DUD/http://people.freebsd.org/~gibbs/linux/DUD/


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?B@ hda ?B@ hdb

Tab to the drive you don't want to use and press the space bar to un-select.

? @ hda ?B@ hdb

Now add the partitions for /boot, /root(optional), "/" and swap (and any others youwish to add) as described above.

Lilo Text Boot Options:

boot" text- No GUI. Console text mode only. boot" linux text console>tt;%- For use with a serial terminal

boot" linux isa- To explicitly request ISA configuration dialog

boot" linux 'ediachec- Check ISO CD integrity

Red Hat 7.2 upgrade/install: EXT3The 7.2 upgrade allows one to upgrade theLinux EXT2 file system to EXT3. EXT3 is a journaled file system which is crashresistant, insuring the integrity of the data even if the system crashes during asystem write because it journals the transaction before it undertakes a disk write. Irecommend the EXT3 upgrade. The RH 7.2 EXT3 upgrade will also dissable periodicfile system checks as it assumes that file system integrity is maintained. (Seeautofsck) Use tune2fs (-c or -i) to re-enable check. EXT3 is the default file system fora fresh Red Hat 7.2 installation. EXT3 may be installed in one of three modes:

ordered: Default. Crash will result in a valid non-corrupted file system. journal: slow

writeback: Fast but NOT crashproof.

The option is also specified in the file /etc/fstabwith the string Edata>orderedE.

Also note that Red Hat 7.2 does NOT include a "Powertools" CD. Most of the"Powertools" packages have been included as part of the base installation.

Lilo, Grub and boot loaders:

Lilo is the Linux bootstrap loader used by the Red Hat distribution up to and includingversion 7.1. Red Hat version 7.2 defaults to the use of Grub as the default bootloader. Grub supports a password that controls access to a Grub shell.

Lilo and Grub are the Linux bootstrap loaders that actually loads and starts thekernel. Only one bootloader, Lilo or GRUB, is used. The Linux install will ask if youwant to place lilo (or Grub) on the master boot record (MBR). The answer of courseis YES (Unless you are installing Windows NT/2000. See special install section for

dual booting with these operating systems). If you do not install Lilo (or Grub) on the


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MBR, you can boot linux from a boot floppy which can be generated during theinstall.

Other bootstrap loaders are available. A DOS program called loadlincan boot Linuxfrom DOS. Loadlin can be found on the Red Hat CD under CDROM:\dosutils\. Both

loadlin.exe and the Linux kernel must be loaded on a DOS partition. A commerciallyavailable software product "System Commander" from V Communications requiresand partially installs in a DOS partition. See: VCOM: System commander productinformation

SCSI and lilo:The choice of selecting "Use Linear Mode" during lilo install is a littlecomplicated. PCs running Microsoft operating systems use a SCSI BIOS based LBAmode to access drives of more than 1,024 MB. This is the default selection for mostPCs. Check your SCSI BIOS if you are un-sure.RH 5.2:Use the Linux default lilo setting of [*] "Use Linear Mode" .RH 6.0:The default was changed to [ ] where Linear mode is un-selected. This is

incompatible with most Microsoft OS's. If you are dual booting with Windows, you willprobably want to set to [*] "Use Linear Mode" .RH 6.2/7.1:The default "Use Linear Mode" is pre-selected. This is compatible withLBA mode. (It imples LBA mode).

[Potential Pitfall]:If the system boots to a prompt "LI" and a blinking cursor and isstuck, you chose the wrong option for your SCSI configuration.

Systems using Unixware or older PCs with smaller drives may NOT be using LBAand thus Use Linear Mode must be unselected. If this selection is incorrect, yourmachine will not boot and the Master Boot Record will have to be restored and lilowill have to be re-installed.

Adaptec SCSI card users: Press ctrl-A on boot up to enter the SCSI card BIOS set-up. This is where you chose LBA mode or not. ( > 1 Gb addressing)

[Potential Pitfall]:Adding an extra drive on which to install Linux: If the drive is apre-formatted drive for Microsoft Windows, and if you boot Windows after installingthe drive you may experience the following problem. Windows will recognize andassign a letter to the new drive and may re-assign the letters assigned to your CD-ROM and previous drives. If installing a new pre-formatted drive, DO NOT boot to

Windows. It would be best to boot from the Linux CD-ROM. The Linux install willallow you to assign the new drive as a Linux drive. Thus when booted to Windows(after the Linux install), the system will not recognize the new Linux drive andtherefore will not reassign your drive letters.

Pitfall Fix: If you do reboot to Windows and Windows re-assigns your drive letters foryour CD-ROM, restore the settings by:

"Start" + "Settings" + "Control Panel" Select "System"

Select the tab "Device Manager" and select the CD-ROM
http://www.v-com.com/product/System_Commander_Home.htmlhttp://www.v-com.com/product/System_Commander_Home.htmlhttp://www.v-com.com/product/System_Commander_Home.htmlhttp://www.v-com.com/product/System_Commander_Home.html


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Set the drive letter to the letter of your choice.

Kernel Boot Options:(see /etc/grub.confor /etc/lilo.conf)

nosysinfo :Disable NPL thread support. Used for RH 9.0 to fix incompatability

of Java version earlier than 1.4.1. root=LABEL=/ :Location of root of filesystem.

GRUB:GRUB allows one to boot one of many operating systems installed on thehard drives. GRUB can hide partitions from operating systems which is importantwhen cohabitating with a Microsoft operating system. You can use a partition toinstall an operating system and hide the other partitions from it. (GNU: GRUB homepage)

Grub was introduced with Red Hat 7.2 as the default boot loader. It's configurationfile is /boot/grub/grub.conf . While lilo requires reconfiguration with new informationloaded on the MBR for each new kernel, grub does not. Grub requires that the newkernel information be entered in the configuration file /boot/grub/grub.conf .

A Red Hat7.2 installation using lilo may be switched to grub using the command/sbin/grub-install . (i.e. /sbin/grub-install /de/de


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Linux System Kernel Note:The default Linux kernel installed supports a multitudeof devices using loadable modules. In order to keep the kernel small, maximizedevice support and minimize memory usage, the appropriate module is loaded at runtime. The kernel may be optimized for performance by compiling in support for thespecific devices needed. Video drivers are not controlled by the kernel but by the X-

window application program.

Kernel boot options are set in the config file /etc/grub.confi.e.: ernel /boot/


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The typical X-Window interface uses button 1 to select (i.e. text), button 2 to pasteand button 3 to pull up optional menus.

Printers:Note that DOS calls your printer port "lpt1". Linux refers to your first printeras /dev/lp0. The numbering of all Linux devices starts with 0. (0, 1, 2, 3...) The printer

will aslo be assigned a given name. A printer of the name "lp" will be considered thedefault printer. Another printer definition may be duplicated under this name to makeit the default. (Create a default printer of this name "lp" and life gets easier becausemany applications such as Adobe Acrobat reader rely on this default.)

Upgrade Note: Some really old versions of Linux began printer numbering at lpt1. Ifupgraded, this would have to be changed to reflect a newer version of Linux.

Unix Time:Most web servers use UTC (Universal Coordinated Time) and anenvironment variable representing one's time zone as an offset and whether DaylightSavings Time is observed. This is used to calculate the displayed time. UTC is the

method used by standard UNIX to measure time internally. It is the total number ofseconds from January 1, 1970.

Authentication:The basic standard authentication configuration uses theinstallation defaults:

"Enable MD5 passwords" "Enable Shadow passwords"

The other options are NIS, LDAP and Kerberos. All three rely on the configuration of

an authentication server for this purpose. The MD5/Shadow configuration is a standalone password authentication system residing on the Linux systems and is onlyeffective for that system.

NIS is the SUN "yellow pages" authentication server configuration which ismost comonly used with the NFS file sharing infrastructure.

LDAP uses an authentication server which holds a database of logins andpasswords.

Kerberos is MIT's high security network based authentication scheme.

Sample Network Configuration:

IP address: 1G2.168.1.11 netmask: 2.2.2.

Network address (lowest): 1G2.168.1.

Broadcast address (highest): 1G2.168.1.2

The networking addresses beginning with "192.168." are reserved for private localnetworks.

Creating a boot floppy for Linux Installation:

This is only necessary if you can not boot from the CD-ROM.


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Creating Linux install diskette from a Microsoft OS: Use rawrite to load the fileboot.img to the diskette from the CD-ROM (D:\ in this example):

C"#5 D" D"#5 CD #D%,% D"#D%,%5 R)+R, D"#!)0%#:,.!0 )"

RAWRITE does not work with NT/2000. Use winimage.

Creating Linux install diskette on Unix/Linux:

'ount -t isoG66 -o ro /de/de144

The -o rooption mounts the CR-ROM as Read Only.

Post Installation Configuration:

Post Install: (perform these functions as root user)

Login:

Upon boot (if text mode) the loader (LILO) will show the prompt "boot:". PressReturn to take the default or type ? or tab to see all possible selections then

type the selection. i.e. type linuxto boot Linux or dos(default name given forthe Microsoft partition), or win95" if that is the name you gave forMS/Windows 95 upon Linux partitioning and install. The defaults andconfiguration of lilo may be altered. See the section on lilo and/etc/lilo.conf.

At the Login:prompt, enter the user id root and give the password you choseduring install. This will log you into the system in command console mode. (Ifset to text mode init level 3)

X-Windows: startx: This command start the graphical user interface X- windows system.

If X windows fails:

o RH8.0: Use the X windows configuration tool /usr/bin/redhat-config-xfree86. This will edit the configuration file /etc/X11/X(86Config

o RH7.3-: If this fails one can reconfigure X windows with the commandXconfigurator. (or you can also use XF86setup or xf86config whichperforms a similar function) This produces the same graphics setupinterface as the installation. Xconfiguratorgenerates the file/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/X(86Config (This is linked to /etc/X11) (See/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc/R)D!.Config )
http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialInitProcess.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialInitProcess.html


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The /etc/X11/X(86Config file holds X-windows configuration informationabout the graphics card, monitor, mouse and keyboard.

For my 17 inch monitor (1280x1024 resolution) I configured X-Windows for aresolution of 1024x768 for better readability.

If you find that the text and other details on the screen are too small, useXconfigurator to set up a configuration file using a lower resolution. You cansave multiple configuration files and rename them to /etc/X11/X(86Configwhen needed.

To exit out of X-windows and the GNOME interface gracefully, select theGNOME Start icon (left side of tool bar) and select log out . Changes to theXF86Config configuration file will not be implemented by X-windows until it ishalted and restarted. This can be done by rebooting the system (shutdoHn -hnoH) or logout and go to a console terminal (ctrl-alt-F5) and login as root. The

command "init 3" (Red Hat systems) will bring the system out of X-Windowmode. The command "init " will bring it back. See the YoLinux tutorial onthe Linux init processfor more info.

The key sequence -- will allow you jump out of a mis-configured X-windows session and go to a console. If the X-window session isinoperable you can kill the process from this new console. The command ps-awill reveal the startx process id (PID). Then ill Iprocess id nu'ber5.Your initial console upon boot is ctrl-Alt-F1. Use ctrl-Alt-F7 to return to the X-window session. The simplest and recommended method to kill the X-Windowsession is to use the key sequence ctrl-Alt-Backspace.

Leaving the system:(UNIX text console commands)

exit: This is the command to logoff. This allows one to re-login as new user /sbin/shutdown -h now: shutdown the system. (Must beroot) Wait for the

message:

o RH 5.2: System halted .

o RH 6.0+, FC: Power Down .

o Do NOT turn the power off without doing this first.

Red Hat 9.0:Support dropped for wu-ftpd (use vsftpd instead), Window Maker andsndconfig.

Red Hat 8.0:Nautilus application and system configuration tool is invoked with the"Start here" icon. RH 8.0 introduces a new default printer manager: cups. See configfiles /etc/cups/.... Man pages exist for most of these config files. (i.e. 'anprinters.conf) The older lpd can still be optionally installed.

Red Hat 7.2 upgrade:After X login, a dialog box asks the user if they wish to

upgrade their file manager to Nautilis. (your choice) Nautilis is a very MS/XP like
http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialInitProcess.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialInitProcess.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialInitProcess.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialInitProcess.html


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interface which provides a combined file and system manager GUI tool with a weblike interface. Nautilis is invoked with the "Start here" icon.

Installing NVidia Graphics card drivers:

The commercially supported proprietary graphics drivers for NVidia graphics cardsare not included with the Red Hat distribution. Only a basic driver is available. (Goodenough for the 2-D world) The NVidia drivers are libraries and loadable moduleswhich are tightly integrated with the kernel for ultimate OpenGL, 3D and DRIintegration and performance. To install the NVidia graphics drivers, boot the kernelwhich you wish to use with the NVidia drivers. The NVidia driver installer will use therunning kernel as it's target. The NVidia installer is a console (non X-Windowgraphics) shell script program which will detect which kernel you are running anddownload the appropriate drivers. If you are running a known kernel (i.e. a prebuiltRed Hat kernel) it will install a prebuilt driver. If you are running a custom kernel you

MUST have the appropriate kernel source available as it will attempt to rebuild thekernel from source with the appropriate NVidia kernel modifications and support.Installation:

1. Download the NVidia installer script from:o http://www.nvidia.com/content/drivers/drivers.asp

or

o http://www.nvidia.com/object/linux.html.

2. Enter console mode without running W-Windows: ctrl J alt J (1

3. As root bring the system to init level 3 by:

o Boot with /etc/inittabentry:

o id"3"initdefault"

OR

o Issue the command: init 34. Run the NVidia installer in console mode: sh KD)-inux-x86-1.-44G6-

pg2.run

5. Bring system to init level 5:

o Reboot with /etc/inittabentry:

o id""initdefault"

OR

o Issue the command: init 6.

Edit file /etc/X11/X(86Config to tweak options. (Sample for NVidia QuadroPro Dual Monitor)
http://www.nvidia.com/content/drivers/drivers.asphttp://www.nvidia.com/object/linux.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/src/etc-X11-XF86Config-NVidia-Quadro-Pro-DualMonitor-RH8.0-NVDriver1.0-4363.txthttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/src/etc-X11-XF86Config-NVidia-Quadro-Pro-DualMonitor-RH8.0-NVDriver1.0-4363.txthttp://www.nvidia.com/content/drivers/drivers.asphttp://www.nvidia.com/object/linux.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/src/etc-X11-XF86Config-NVidia-Quadro-Pro-DualMonitor-RH8.0-NVDriver1.0-4363.txthttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/src/etc-X11-XF86Config-NVidia-Quadro-Pro-DualMonitor-RH8.0-NVDriver1.0-4363.txt


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Using YUMto install nVidia drivers for kernel currently running:

;u' install n


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o Improved printer support (CUPS 1.2), improved YUM, Evolution,Nautilus

o New applications: GnuCash, virt-manager (for Xen), SELinux graphicaltroubleshooting tool, integrated smartcard (Coolkey), cluster volume

manager (lvm2-cluster).

o Totem now default media player (not Helix)

o Improved performance: ext3 file system, dynamic linking(DT_GNU_HASH), Fontconfig, NFS (CacheFS), CUPS.

Fedora Core 5:

o FC5 includes Mono and Mono applications.

o FC5 includes mySQL5, the Geronimo J2EE server.

o FORTRAN 90/95 upgraded from FORTRAN 77

o Changes to the SELinux reference policy.

o Wireless support for Broadcom 43xx wireless chipsets.

o Changes FC4 to FC5

Fedora Core 4:

o Introduces gcc version 4, Eclipse IDE with CDT and valgrind.

o Introduces Evince(and poppler libraries) to replace gv and xpdf.

o No Mozilla, gv (ghostscript front-end), fvwm2 desktop, cdp (CD player,introduces apolos)

o Changes FC3 to FC4

Fedora Core 3: Stable (similar to RHEL4)

o Ships with SELinux (Security Enhanced Linux) which works.

o Introduces Firefox browser. Previously Mozilla only.

Fedora Core 2:

o System configuration GUI tools name changes from redhat-config-xxxxto s;ste'-config-xxxx.

o SELinux introduced. Needs work.

o Ships with Linux kernel 2.6 and ALSA (sound)

o No longer ships with XFree86. Now shipping with Xorgrelease of X-Windows.

Fedora Core 1:
http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/release-notes/fc5/#sn-OverViewhttp://www.gnome.org/projects/evince/http://poppler.freedesktop.org/http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/release-notes/fc4/#sn-new-in-fchttp://www.xfree86.org/http://www.x.org/http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/release-notes/fc5/#sn-OverViewhttp://www.gnome.org/projects/evince/http://poppler.freedesktop.org/http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/release-notes/fc4/#sn-new-in-fchttp://www.xfree86.org/http://www.x.org/


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o Name changes to Fedora Core and confuses the Linux world.

Red Hat 9.0: Stable (similar to RHEL3)

o Introduces vsftpd. Was wu-ftpd.

o Introduces Apache 2.0, Subversion CM.

o LDAP default configuration changes. May require database dump andreload.

o NPL: Native POSIX Thread Library

o Networking now uses /etc/s;sconfig/netHor-scripts/route-interfacenamerather than /etc/s;sconfig/static-routes .

o CUPS print spooler is default.

Red Hat 8.0: Stable

o They stop shipping LDAP admin tool gq.

o Ships with OpenOffice

o Apache RPM is now called httpd.

o Netscape browser no longer ships with OS.

o Introduces UML (User mode Linux)

o No longer ships with xmms MP3 plugins. Find and load.

Red Hat 7.3: Stable

o Introduces CUPS print spooler.

Red Hat 7.2:

o Kernel 2.4

Red Hat 7.1:

o Linux Firewall: Introduces iptables. Earlier version used ipchains.

o Introduces DNS bind 9. Previous versions used bind 8.

o Introduces LDAP 2.0.

Red Hat 7.0:

o Introduces xinetd. Previously used inetd.

o Default web server directory changes from /ho'e/httpd/ht'l/to/


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o Introduces Gnome desktop.

o Linux Firewall: Introduces ipchains. Earlier version used ipfwadm.

o Red Hat 6.2 introduces Judzu for device discovery and initialization.

Pitfalls and Fixes: General Pitfalls:

o [Pitfall]: Installation locks up and you have no keyboard or mousecontrol. I have found this problem when using a USB mouse on RHEL4and FC4. Install the OS with a PS2 mouse and plug-in the USB mouseafter installation and boot. The USB can even be a hot plug-in while thesystem is running.

o [Pitfall]: Man pages don't display properly. Escape characters are not

interpreted properly. A quick fix is to set the lang environment variable:export )0>C

o A service will not start upon system boot. i.e. After an upgrade fromRH7.2 to 9.0 my web server would not start even after using thecommand chconfig --add httpd. I had to force the entry withchconfig --le


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Specify the generic VGA video driver. Sound/Audio Problems:

o Default settings may have sound muted. Run /usr/bin/alsa'ixer ,/usr/bin/'ix(KDE sound/volume mixer), or /usr/bin/gno'e-


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what to make of it.Update: linux 'ediachec nocdd'a

o FC 3: The x86_64 version of gftp crashes and is not functional.Download and install the 32 bit version:

rp' -e gftp-2..1&-3

rp' -i


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redhat-artHor-.4&-3.i386.rp'

redhat-release-8.-8.noarch.rp'

initscripts-6.G-1.i386.rp'

(Provide your own graphics and text to customize your system.)

o [Potential Pitfall]: Case study - Dell Precision 340 with IDE hard drives,CD and DVD, Adaptec SCSI 29160. The SCSI module would not loadeven though it is listed in the /etc/'odules.conf. The SCSI drivermodule (aic????) was not listed as loaded when the /sbin/ls'odcommand was issued. I had to add an entry to the file:/etc/rc.d/rc.local:ins'od aic&xxx

o [Potential Pitfall]: My upgrade corrupted the RPM database. Once that

is gone, the installation, maintenance and upgrades of rpm packages isimpossible. At this point I re-installed. I believe that my diskapproached 100% capacity. Make sure you have enough space. I hadclose to 1Gb free but it may not have been enough. (???)

o [Potential Pitfall]: My up2date,configuration no longer worked after thenew installation. To recover my old configuration I edited the file/etc/s;sconfig/rhn/s;ste'id and changed the string values forchecksum, system_id, profile_name and username to values from mybackup.

o [Potential Pitfall]: The default installation uses Unicode instead of ASCIIrepresentation. (UTF-8 is the ASCII compatible Unicode encoding.)Some applications do not utilize Unicode and thus must be directed touse English ASCII.Turn off localization: en< )0>C abiHordORdefine localization: (ISO 3166, 639) en< )0>enA% abiHordThe GUI tool redhat-config-language can change your systemlaguage settings. For more info see "'an locale".

o [Potential Pitfall]: The default Red Hat 8.0 behaviour for regularexpression computation is NOTbackwards compliant with UNIX. Toolswhich use regular expresion syntax such as grep, awk, sed,... Red Hat8.0 will NOTperform as expected for the default locale enA%.,(-8)0assignment. It will behave in a case insensitive fashion. (Usuallyone uses grep -ito force case insensitivity.) Example:File: testRegx.txtYou can also set the environment variableCA)>Cwhich overrides the )0environment variable..

XVabcabcXV

Test grep:


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?pro'pt@T grep ?)-V@ testRegx.txtXVabcabcXV?pro'pt@T export )0>C?pro'pt@T grep ?)-V@ testRegx.txtXVabcXV

The default locale, enA%.,(-8will result in "unspecified" behaviorwhile "C" or 7%Xwill result in specific and expected (traditional)behaviour. Beware of the default!! Red Hat Bugzilla #76328 (Closedbug. Red Hat is hiding behind the phrase that "unspecified behaviour isPOSIX compliant.") It should be noted that shell scripts should specifythe )0environment variable to ensure expected behaviour.

o [Potential Pitfall]: Apache 2.0 is now included and in not compatablewith old modules. If using Tomcat servlets or any module which isApache 1.3 dependant, do NOT upgrade Apache (RPM httpd).

o [Pitfall]: The "vi" editor goes into a funky highlight mode when editingspecialty files such as html. This is due to a symbolic link of vi to/usr/bin/vim. To get non-highlighted old fashioned "vi" operation use thecommand: unalias


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o [Pitfall]Some KDE applications did not work due to overprotective (fora private workstation) directory permissions. To fix this:

o 7 root &ro$&t89cd /usr/libo 7 root &ro$&t89ch'od -R ugoJx de2-co'pat

o [Pitfall]On one desktop machine, all the desktop icons whereduplicated. This is because Nautilus and Gnome were both displayingthe desktop icons. To fix this, turn off the rendering of desktop icons byNautilus. Select the "Start Here" icon on the desktop tool bar or choosethe menu "Programs" + "Applications" + "Nautilus" to start the Nautilusmanager. From the Nautilus manager window toolbar, select"Preferences" + "Edit Preferences...". Select "Window and Desktop"from the left panel and un-select the option "Use Nautilus to draw thedesktop".

o [Pitfall]Some of my desktop icons (launchers "lost" their graphic andone even got renamed. (What is going on??) Each upgrade seems tolose a few graphics and gain a few new ones. The files to repair arefound in $HOME/.gnome-desktop/ (i.e. /ho'e/user1/.gno'e-destop/ )You can also right click the icon select "properties" and use the guitool. Icons are located in /usr/share/pix'aps/ . Due to all the changesI have begun using my own repository /opt/share/pix'aps/.

o [Pitfall]I'm often the type who installs everything and turns on what isneeded. I am starting to re-think this strategy. My upgrade of a systemfrom 7.1 to 7.3 took 3.5 hours!!!!!This is of course dependant on thespeed of your system. This was a 350MHz, 256Mb, IDE system. The

more you have loaded or the more packages you choose to install, thelonger it takes to upgrade. The upgrade prompt "Preparing to install..."held for 20 minutes. At first I thought the system froze. BEWARE!!!

o [Pitfall]In the beginning of the upgrade, the system prompts "Boot fromATAPI CD-ROM:". Press "Enter" right away with no delay!! Otherwise itcontinues to boot from the hard drive with your existing installationrather than performing the upgrade. This message of course onlyapplies to systems with an ATAPI CD-ROM.

o [Pitfall]After the boot loader configuration screen appears, the upgradepauses to search for packages to upgrade. Have patience. Themessage "Finding packages to upgrade..." will appear. It took over 10minutes!!! Another penalty of having too much loaded.

Install: RH 7.2:

o CD-Rom mounting problems: SCSI subsystem used with IDE drives tosupport CD-Rom burning. If module does not install properly the drivewill not mount. To see if module was loaded use the command ls'odand look for module srA'od. If it is not listed then it did not load. Onemay manually load the module by issuing the commands dep'odandthen 'odprobe srA'od. The CD-Rom should then be mountable.

o Desktop/Gnome problems:


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Desktop Launcher icon labels: Many began to display"application-label.desktop" instead of just the application label.Change the contents of the configuration file T$!/.gno'e-destop/application-label.destopFrom:

?Destop ntr;@a'e?enA%.%88G-1@>application-labelxec>cd T$!U/usr/bin/applicationcon>/usr/share/pix'aps/application.png,er'inal>false!ultiple)rgs>false,;pe>)pplication

To:

?Destop ntr;@a'e>application-label - Add this linea'e?enA%.%88G-1@>application-labelxec>cd T$!U/usr/bin/applicationcon>/usr/share/pix'aps/application.png,er'inal>false!ultiple)rgs>false,;pe>)pplication

o To generate a desktop launcher I created a toolbar launcher and thenmoved it to the desktop with a drag and drop. (The menus havechanged)

o Interface change: Note that the graphical symbol "X" to kill the windowmoved from the top right to the top left corner of the window.

o [Pitfall]: My start script for xinetd on one of my servers would give thefollowing error:

?" >" unar; operator expected

My fix was to edit the script /etc/rc.d/init.d/xinetd. Comment outthe line:

? TQ,+R90 > O;esO @ SS exit

by placing a "#" at the beginning of the line. Why is it that one serverdoes not have this problem but another does, and the script is identicalon both machines??? Somehow the environment variable is messedup on one causing the environmet variable to become blank resulting inthe "=" operator to only operate on a single operand (thus an error).

o [Pitfall]: After upgrade from 7.1 to 7.2, Gimp hung when I attempted tolaunch it. To fix this problem I removed the xsane plug-in: r'/usr/lib/gi'p/1.2/plug-ins/xsane

o [Pitfall]: After upgrade from 7.1 to 7.2, the toolbar application, "panel",would crash upon desktop start-up. (Not sure why but my guess is that


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the old settings were incompatible) To fix this, I created a new user andlogged in as this user. The toolbar was displayed correctly. Starting upunder my own id then launched the toolbar correctly. I then changed abunch of the tool bar properties. This temporarily cleaned up theproblem by writing a new and correct configuration.

Permanent panel fix:Update gnome with Gnome 1.4.0.6-1 RPM's.This was required even after using up2date (on Feb 1, 2002) to get allthe latest Red Hat fixes. Check your version of gnome with thecommand: rp' -F gno'e-coreYou may also have to copy a newversion of the panel config file to your directory: cp -p/etc/gno'e/panel-config/panel T$!/.gno'e/panel

o [Pitfall]: When I upgraded to Red Hat 7.2 from 7.1, both of my TVviewing programs, KwinTV and Zapping, behaved flakey with poortuning. The only solution I could find was to remove them both (rp' -eHint< apping) and then re-install them.

o [Pitfall]: The "vi" editor goes into a funky highlight mode when editinghtml files. To get non-highlighted old fashioned "vi" operation use thecommand: ex -< file-nameAdd to the file T$!/.bashrc: alias Eex -


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/usr/X11R6/bin/to /usr/bin/and some of my network utilities movedfrom /usr/sbin/to /usr/bin/.

Install: RH 7.0:

o [Pitfall]Sendmail hangs for a while before allowing Linux to complete

the boot process. This is often due to the fact that you have given yourcomputer a name but it is unknown to the networking software on yoursystem. Add the computer name to the /etc/hostsfile.

o 12&...1 localhost

The host name is often assigned during install and can be found in the/etc/$%,)!file. It can be assigned/re-assigned using the hostnamecommand or by using the GUI admin tool "/bin/linuxconf". (Note thatlinuxconfis no longer included with Red Hat Linux 7.3+)Note that there may be NO blank spaces in the host name.

Install: RH 6.2, 7.0:o [Pitfall]Apache fails due to an improper configuration file option. Edit

file /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf . Uncomment the line:

o %erIapplication5 Then right click on the desktop and select "Rescan Desktop Directory".

o [Pitfall]For a more robust desktop, change the default windowmanager from "Enlightenment" to "Sawmill". After about three days ofheavy desktop use, "Enlightenment" will start to get flakey.

Note: Red Hat 7.0 makes Sawfish (the current version of Sawmill) thedefault window mananger. They must have had a similar experience.

Upgrade: RH 6.1:

o [Pitfall]The SAMBA upgrade was incomplete. The /etc/sb.conffilegets backed up as /etc/s'b.conf.rp'sa


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o [Pitfall]Printing or serial ports ignored: Add the following line to the file/etc/conf.'odules:alias parportAloHle


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ftp5$get a&ac'e> -Example: download apache upgradesftp5%/e221 0oodb;e.7root &ro$&t89

System Re-Configuration: (Must be root)

During the Red Hat installation process, a series of configuration tools were used toconfigure the mouse, keyboard, video etc. These can be run separately at any timeafter the installation. Use the following commands to re-configure the system for newor replaced hardware devices or to correct inappropriate settings.

Device Linux Configuration Tool

System ConfigurationAll: keyboard, mouse, ...

/usr/bin/system-config-item-to-configure(FC2/3)/usr/bin/redhat-config-item-to-configure(RH

8.0/9.0/FC1 - see below)/usr/sbin/setup

Video card,monitor /usr/bin/system-config-display (FC 2/3)redhat-config-xfree86 (Red Hat 8.0/9.0)/usr/bin/X11/Xconfigurator (Red Hat 6.x,7.x)/usr/X11R6/bin/xf86config (FromXFree86.org)

Keyboard /usr/bin/system-config-keyboard (FC 2/3)/usr/bin/redhat-config-keyboard (RH8.0/9.0/FC1)

/usr/sbin/kdbconfigGnome Desktop KeyboardProperties

/usr/bin/gnome-accessibility-keyboard-properties (RH 9.0, FC 2/3)

Gnome Desktop KeybindingProperties

/usr/bin/gnome-keybinding-properties (RH9.0, FC 2/3)

Mouse /usr/bin/system-config-mouse (FC 2/3)/usr/bin/redhat-config-mouse (RH 8/9/FC1)/usr/sbin/mouseconfig (Removed in RH 9.0)Which Red Hat genius devised a mouseconfiguration tool which requires a mouse!!!They really need to bring back a consolebased mouse configuration tool.

Date / Time / Time zone /usr/bin/system-config-data (FC 2/3)/usr/bin/redhat-config-date (RH 8.0/9.0/FC1)dateconfig (RH 7.2)/usr/sbin/timeconfig (Pre 7.2)

Sound Card /usr/bin/system-config-soundcard (FC 2/3)/usr/bin/redhat-config-soundcard (RH8.0/9.0 - test only)

/usr/sbin/sndconfig (still used in 8.0)Network Card /usr/bin/system-config-network (FC 2/3)


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/usr/bin/redhat-config-network (/usr/bin/neat)(RH 7.2+)/usr/bin/redhat-config-network-tui (textconsole RH 9.0)/usr/sbin/netconfig (console. First interfaceonly - eth0)/usr/bin/netcfg (GUI) (no longer availablewith RH 7.2)/usr/bin/redhat-control-network (Start/Stopnetwork interfaces RH 9.0)redhat-config-network-druid (ConfigureCIPE,Ethernet,modem,token Ring,Wirelessor DSL)

System services(processes started at boot)

/usr/bin/system-config-services (FC 2/3)/usr/bin/redhat-config-services (RH 8.0/9.0,

FC1)serviceconf (RH 7.2)/usr/sbin/ntsysv/usr/X11R6/bin/tksysv (GUI)

System Start /usr/bin/system-config-kickstart (FC 2/3)/usr/bin/redhat-kickstart (RH 8.0 only)

Printer /usr/bin/system-config-printer (FC 2/3)/usr/bin/redhat-config-printer (RH 8.0/9.0,FC1) Configures lpd service. Modifies/etc/printcapfile.

/usr/bin/redhat-config-printer-gui (RH8.0/9.0, FC1) (Exact same as above)/usr/bin/printtool (Also the exact same asabove)Red Hat 7.1: /usr/sbin/printconf-gui (Yes, inRH 8.0+ this is also the exact same asabove)/usr/sbin/printconf-gui (Was a text mode toolintroduced with Red Hat 7.2 In RH 8.0+ it isthe same as above)/usr/bin/redhat-switch-printer (RH 8.0+)Choose printing service: lpd or CUPS(Can also set environment variable to setdefault printer: export 7R,R>Olp$7O)

RH 7.1: System security.Choose and configure NIS, LDAPor Hesiod for authentication.

/usr/bin/system-config-authentication (FC2/3)/usr/bin/authconfig-gtk (RH 8.0)/usr/sbin/authconfig (console tool)

RH 8.0+: System security.Firewall configuration.

Note this will configure yoursystem to use iptables.

/usr/bin/system-config-securitylevel (FC 2/3)

/usr/bin/redhat-config-securitylevel
http://www.cups.org/http://www.cups.org/


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RH 7.1: System security. Firewallconfiguration.Note this will configure yoursystem to use ipchains and NOTiptables.

/usr/sbin/lokkit/usr/sbin/gnome-lokkit

System Management /bin/linuxconf(No longer included with Red Hat 7.3+)

Make an Emergency/Recoverboot floppy

/sbin/mkbootdisk 2.2.16-3(Enter release of kernel.See directory /boot)

users/groups /usr/bin/system-config-users (FC 2/3)/usr/bin/redhat-config-users

Set/Change Root Password /usr/bin/system-config-rootpassword (FC2/3)/usr/bin/redhat-config-rootpassword (RH8.0/9.0, FC1)

System Log File ViewerScan, search boot, cron, kernelstart logs, mail, mysql, rpm(current list of all packagesinstalled), security, system,XFree86,... logs

/usr/bin/redhat-logviewer (RH 8.0+)

System Proc Files(Kernel tuning parameters. Youneed to know what your aredooing here!!)

/usr/bin/redhat-config-proc (RH 8.0+)

Package Manager - Add/Removeapplication/service packages

/usr/bin/system-config-packages (FC 2/3)/usr/bin/redhat-config-packages (RH 8.0/9.0,FC1)

Desktop Switching Tool /usr/bin/switchdesk-gnome (RH 8.0+)/usr/bin/switchdesk (Same tool as above)Can choose Gnome, KDE, TWM. ChooseTWM for sparse lightweight desktop.

Red Hat Linux Server Services Configuration:

Server Service Linux Configuration Tool

httpd Apache Web ServerConfiguration

/usr/bin/system-config-httpd (FC 2/3)/usr/bin/redhat-config-httpd (RH 8.0/9.0,FC1)

named DNS Bind /usr/bin/system-config-bind (FC 2/3)/usr/bin/redhat-config-bind (RH 8.0/9.0,FC1)

nfsd NFS File Server /usr/bin/system-config-nfs (FC 2/3)
http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRecoveryAndBootDisk.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRecoveryAndBootDisk.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRecoveryAndBootDisk.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialRecoveryAndBootDisk.html


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/usr/bin/redhat-config-nfs (RH 8.0/9.0,FC1)

SMTP Mail /usr/bin/system-switch-mail (FC 2/3)/usr/bin/redhat-switch-mail (RH 9.0, FC1)

/usr/bin/redhat-switch-mail-nox/usr/bin/redhat-config-switchmail (RH8.0+)/usr/bin/redhat-config-switchmail-gnome

For GNOME Desktop configuration commands (sound, keyboard, fonts,properties, ...) see the Yolinux Tutorial on the GNOME Desktop: ConfigurationCommands

Cloning The Drive To Duplicating The Installation:

Symantec(Norton) Ghost (commercial) g4u- Harddisk Image Cloning for PCs (open source)

Basic System Administration:

Editing files:

Many editors come with the basic Linux install. Basic console text editorsinclude jed, joe, pico, emacs and vi. (Listed from easiest to most difficult tomaster) GUI X-window editors (which may be used after X-Windows has

started - using the startx command or init level 5) include gedit (Gnome/RH8.0default), gnp (gnotepad), nedit, editor, edit and xemacs. These editors may beinvoked from the command line or from the desktop tollbar. Man pages shouldbe available for the editors. By far the easiest to use is gedit. ("Toolbar StartIcon" + "Accessories" + "Text Editor+")

Linux command shell mode:

By default, when you first log in, the system is in the UNIX command shellmode. After X-windows is started, the GNOME desktop will offer you acommand shell by selecting the computer terminal icon on the toollbar.

(RH5.2 puts a shell on your desktop by default.) The default shell is bash. Formore information type: 'an bash.

Information, documentation and help:

Documentation can be found localy in/usr/doc/. (also/usr/doc/HOWTO/) It iseasiest to view this with Netscape.Beginning with Red Hat 7.1 the documentation is located in directory/usr/share/doc/

Many commands have a simple help facility built in. Try the --helpoption. Forexample try cat --help= ls --helpor even 'an --help.
http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/GNOME.html#CONFIGCOMMANDShttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/GNOME.html#CONFIGCOMMANDShttp://www.symantec.com/product/http://www.feyrer.de/g4u/http://node1.yo-linux.com/cgi-bin/man2html?cgi_command=bashhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/GNOME.html#CONFIGCOMMANDShttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/GNOME.html#CONFIGCOMMANDShttp://www.symantec.com/product/http://www.feyrer.de/g4u/http://node1.yo-linux.com/cgi-bin/man2html?cgi_command=bash


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Information on a Linux subject or on individual commands is available with theUNIX "man" command. To find commands which refer to a subject, enter 'an- IsubWect5. To view a Linux manual page on a particular command, enter'an IX co''and5. The pages scroll using Page Up/Down keys and arrowkeys. To exit type the letter q . Use the command 'an manfor more

information.

/etc/cron.weekly/makewhatis.cron : This sets up manual page index for man-k subject help facility.It is recommended that after installation that you execute the script toconfigure the database rather than wait a week for it to execute automatically.Issue the command (as root): /etc/cron.Heel;/'aeHhatis.cron

/etc/cron.daily/updatedb.cron : Sets up index for locatecommand. (Createsdata file /


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Devices such as diskettes and CR-ROMs are often used by desktop users. Itis common to have these devices owned by the groups floppy and cdromrespectively. The device permissions are set such that the device isaccessible only by group members. To grant access to a device, add a user tothe respective group. Unlike desktop systems, user access to these devices in

a server environment is often not a good idea. See the YoLinux tutorialManaging Group Access.

Mounting a Windows partition:

Use the command: 'ount -t


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Create a Linux boot disk. Re-write the DOS boot loader onto the hard drive: fdis /'br

Upgrade Windows.

Boot system with Linux boot disk.

Run /sbin/lilo -


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Start a very lean window manager: 'H'

Use the right mouse button to bring up a menu.

Soft Paws:

Left Handed users might want to use the mouse on the opposite side. Torevers the mouse button order, issue the command:

gp' -: 321

CD player:

Red Hat 8.0:/usr/bin/gno'e-cd

Red Hat 6.x, 7.x:/usr/bin/gtcd: "Start" + "Programs" + "Multimedia" + "CD Player"

To use a free CDDB internet database set the server to: freedb.freedb.orgport 8880

X-Window scripts:

The X-Window initialization script is /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc . The user scriptis /.xinit. Programs you wish to autostart should be placed in your xinitscript. The desktop system you choose will probably also have a script aswell. For KDE see /.de/)utostart.

See X-Window User HOWTOfor more information.

Adding an application to the start menus:

"Gnome start button" + "Settings" + "Menu Editor". You will have to be root toadd to system menus.User menus unique to the login account are held inT$!/.gno'e/apps/.destop

Apache Web server (httpd):

Fedora Core 1/2/3 and Red Hat 7.x/8.0/9.0 file locations:/


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icons/ - Gra&'ical icons used %/ t'e ser?er cgi-bin/ - (ocation for CGI &rogra$s

/


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Select the "Full Screen" icon.

3. Use the right mouse button to bring up a menu.

4. Enjoy!

Admin Tutorials:

YoLinux Tutorials: Init process tutorial- Tutorial on how to add/remove background

processes/services which start on system boot-up. Managing Group Access- Granting and administering file and device

access.

System Administration

File System Quotas- Limiting a user's disk usage.

Netscape Configuration and plug-ins

Networking

Set up Linux as an internet gateway for home or office

Internet Web Server and Domain Configuration

Configuring a Linux workstation for interoperability with theMS/Windows environment

List of all YoLinux.com tutorials

Links:

Configuration HOWTO- Guido Gonzato Bash Prompt HOWTO- Giles Orr

Linux Printing HOWTO- Grant Taylor

Text-Terminal-HOWTO- David S. Lawyer

Linux Installation Related Links: Dual boot Linux with Win2k Linux Installation HOWTO- Eric S. Raymond

PLIP Install HOWTO- Install over the network - Gilles Lamiral

Unix and Internet Fundamentals HOWTO- Eric S. Raymond (for beginners)

Linux BootPrompt-HowTo- Paul Gortmaker

Linux Bootdisk HOWTO- Tom Fawcett
http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialInitProcess.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialManagingGroups.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialSysAdmin.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialQuotas.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialNetscapeNavigator.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialNetworking.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialIptablesNetworkGateway.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialWebSiteConfig.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialMicrosoftWindowsNetworkIntegration.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialMicrosoftWindowsNetworkIntegration.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/index.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Config-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Bash-Prompt-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Printing-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Text-Terminal-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.littlewhitedog.com/reviews_other_00011.asphttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Installation-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/PLIP-Install-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Unix-and-Internet-Fundamentals-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/BootPrompt-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Bootdisk-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialInitProcess.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialManagingGroups.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialSysAdmin.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialQuotas.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialNetscapeNavigator.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialNetworking.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialIptablesNetworkGateway.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialWebSiteConfig.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialMicrosoftWindowsNetworkIntegration.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialMicrosoftWindowsNetworkIntegration.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/index.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Config-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Bash-Prompt-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Printing-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Text-Terminal-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.littlewhitedog.com/reviews_other_00011.asphttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Installation-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/PLIP-Install-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Unix-and-Internet-Fundamentals-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/BootPrompt-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Bootdisk-HOWTO.html


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Multi Disk System Tuning- How best to use multiple disks and partitions -Stein Gjoen

Linux Large Disk HOWTO- Andries Brouwer

Filesystems HOWTO- Martin Hinner

Diskless Nodes HOW-TO- Robert Nemkin, Al Vasudevan, Markus Gutschke,Ken Yap, Gero Kuhlmann

Root over nfs clients and server Howto- Hans de Goede

Managing Multiple Operating Systems HOWTO- Robert W. Schultz

Keyboards - 104 or 101 keys- Settings

Linux Busmouse HOWTO- Chris Bagwell

Linux Hardware Compatibility HOWTO- Patrick Reijnen

Linux Plug-and-Play-HOWTO- David S.Lawyer

Linux XFree86 HOWTO- V 4 - Eric S. Raymond

Linux Touch Screen HOWTO- Christoph Baumann

XFree86 Video Timings HOWTO- Eric S. Raymond

USB Device Guide

Laptop Guides:

Linux Laptop HOWTO- Werner Heuser Linux PCMCIA HOWTO- David Hinds

Red Hat Installation Guide:

RH 7.1 Install Guide RH 7.0 Install Guide i386- [Alpha]

RH 6.2 Install Guide i386- [Alpha/SPARC]

RH 6.1 Install Guide

Installation guides for other distributions:

Ubuntu Debian GNU:

o Installation Guide

o Installation Instructions for all hardware platforms and all languages

o Debian FAQ
http://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Multi-Disk-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Large-Disk-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Filesystems-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Diskless-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Diskless-root-NFS-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/MultiOS-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.linux.ucla.edu/guides/keyboards.php3http://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Busmouse-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Hardware-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Plug-and-Play-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/XFree86-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/XFree86-Touch-Screen-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.linux-usb.org/USB-guide/book1.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Laptop-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/PCMCIA-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-7.1-Manual/install-guide/http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-7-Manual/install-guide/http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-7-Manual/alpha-install-guide/index.htmlhttp://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-6.2-Manual/install-guide/http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-6.2-Manual/multi-arch/index.htmlhttp://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-6.1-Manual/install-guide/http://www.ubuntu.com/http://www.debian.org/http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanualhttp://www.debian.org/releases/stable/#new-insthttp://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/http://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Multi-Disk-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Large-Disk-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Filesystems-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Diskless-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Diskless-root-NFS-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/MultiOS-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.linux.ucla.edu/guides/keyboards.php3http://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Busmouse-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Hardware-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Plug-and-Play-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/XFree86-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/XFree86-Touch-Screen-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.linux-usb.org/USB-guide/book1.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/Laptop-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.yolinux.com/HOWTO/PCMCIA-HOWTO.htmlhttp://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-7.1-Manual/install-guide/http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-7-Manual/install-guide/http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-7-Manual/alpha-install-guide/index.htmlhttp://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-6.2-Manual/install-guide/http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-6.2-Manual/multi-arch/index.htmlhttp://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-6.1-Manual/install-guide/http://www.ubuntu.com/http://www.debian.org/http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanualhttp://www.debian.org/releases/stable/#new-insthttp://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/


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Mandriva: (was named Mandrake)

o FreeOS.com: Mandrake 7.2 install Guide

Slackware:

o Installation Help

S.u.S.E.:

o S.u.S.E. Support Data Base
http://www.mandriva.com/http://www.freeos.com/articles/3265/http://slackware.com/http://slackware.com/install/http://www.novell.com/linux/http://sdb.suse.de/sdb/en/html/http://www.mandriva.com/http://www.freeos.com/articles/3265/http://slackware.com/http://slackware.com/install/http://www.novell.com/linux/http://sdb.suse.de/sdb/en/html/

Fedora Core and Redhat Linux CD Installation

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