FABRICDefinitionFabric is any piece of cloth.Fabric ConstructionFabrics can be made by using a number of techniques as given below:-i) Weavingii)Knittingiii) Non-woveniv) Braidedv)Netsvi) LacesWeaving In weaving two sets of yarns are interlaced at right angles to oneanother in an established sequence.Weaving is done by two types of loomsi)Shuttle loomsii) Shuttleless loomsShuttle loomsThe major components of the loom are the warp beam, heddles, harnesses,shuttle, reed and take up roll etc. The basic mechanisms in any type of loomcan be classified as follows:a) Primary motionsb) Secondary motionsd) Auxiliary motionsPrimary MotionsShedding.Shedding is the raising of the warp yarns to form a shed through which thefilling yarn, carried by the shuttle, can be inserted. The shed is the verticalspace between the raised and unraised warp yarns.Picking.As the harnesses raise the heddles, which raise the warp yarns, the shed iscreated. The filling yarn in inserted through the shed by a small carrierdevice called a shuttle. The shuttle is normally pointed at each end to allowpassage through the shed. In a traditional shuttle loom, the filling yarn iswound onto a quill, which in turn is mounted in the shuttle.BeatingAs the shuttle moves across the loom laying down the weft yarn, it alsopasses through openings in another frame called a reed (which resembles acomb). With each picking operation, the reed presses or beats each weft yarnagainst the portion of the fabric that has already been formed.Secondary motionsLet off motionThe let off motion helps to let the warp from weavers beam at a uniformrate thus maintaining the warp tension constant throughout the weavingprocess.Take up motionThe take up motion helps to wind the cloth on to the cloth roller and alsoinfluences the pick density of the cloth.Shuttle less LoomsShuttleless looms use different techniques to transport weft yarn across theshed, as opposed to the continuous yarn used in shuttle looms.Some of the common shuttleless looms include water-jet looms, air-jetlooms, rapier looms, and projectile looms.a) Water-jet loomsIt transports the pick yarn in a high-speed jet of water.b) Air-jet loomsYarn is drawn from the yarn package by a measuring wheel and drive rollerarrangement. Between the yarn package and the measuring wheel is a tubethrough which an air current flows in opposite direction to the yarn.c) Rapier loomsIn a double rapier loom, two rods move from each side and meet in themiddle. The fill yarn is carried from the rod on the fill side and handed off tothe rod on the finish side of the loom.d) Projectile loomsIt uses a projectile to carry the pick yarn across the weave. Shuttleless loomshave been replacing the traditional fly-shuttle loom in recent years.