Fábio Z. Farneda, Ricardo Rocha, Adrià López-Baucells ... · TRAIT–RELATED RESPONSES TO...
Transcript of Fábio Z. Farneda, Ricardo Rocha, Adrià López-Baucells ... · TRAIT–RELATED RESPONSES TO...
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TRAIT–RELATED RESPONSES TO
HABITAT FRAGMENTATION IN AMAZONIAN BATS
Fábio Z. Farneda, Ricardo Rocha, Adrià López-Baucells, Milou Groenenberg,
Inês Silva, Jorge M. Palmeirim, Paulo E. D. Bobrowiec, Christoph F. J. Meyer
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• Functional trait: any trait affecting, directly or indirectly, performance and fitness of an individual
• Functional diversity: the value and range of functional traits of the organisms present in a given ecosystem
Functional diversity
Loss of functional diversity
Affects ecosystem functioning and process that structure assemblages
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Objectives & Hypothesis
Assess which functional traits contribute most to species’ fragmentation sensitivity
Identify which bat species are most vulnerable to fragmentation based on the traits identified in
Understand how specific environmental characteristics (local vegetation structure and landscape attributes) set pathways to local loss of functional traits
We tested the general hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between species functional traits, environmental gradients, and patterns of species distribution
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Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
fragment-matrix contrast
World’s largest and longest-running experimental study of habitat fragmentation
8 forest fragments (1, 10, 100 ha)
+ 9 controls in
continuous forest
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Bat sampling
Phyllostomidae Mormoopidae
P. parnellii +
4,845 captures – 6 families and 59 species
26 SPECIES
...
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Functional traits
Trait
1. Body mass
2. Trophic level
3. Dietary specialization
4. Vertical stratification
5. Mobility
6. Wing morphology
1. “Dispersal” (body mass + mobility + wing morphology)
2. “Population size” (body mass + trophic level)
3. “Specialization” (dietary specialization + vertical stratification)
Additional models
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Species prevalence & Change in abundance
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Trait correlates of fragmentation sensitivity
PGLS – Phylogenetic generalized least squares
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Panamanian land-bridge islands
fragment-matrix contrast
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Low and High fragment-matrix contrast
Relative wing loading, body mass, and trophic level are among the highest-ranked traits based on AICc in both studies
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© 2013 madalenaboto.com
Environmental variables
Local-scale vegetation
1. Number of trees ≥ 10 cm
2. Average DBH of trees ≥ 10 cm
3. Vertical stratification in vegetation density
4. Liana density
5. Number of potential roosts
6. Number of Vismia spp. and Cecropia spp. trees
7. Tree height
Landscape-scale
8. Forest cover
Categorical
9. Habitat modification gradient
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4th-corner analysis Quantifies and statistically tests the relationships between environmental variables and traits Dray et al. 2014. Ecology
Trait-environment relationships
RLQ analysis Maximizes the covariance between sites and species based on environmental variables and traits Dray et al. 2014. Ecology
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Trait-environment relationships
RLQ analysis
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Trait-environment relationships
Fourth-corner analysis
P-values corrected by the false discovery rate method (FDR)
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Trait-environment relationships
Model 2 Links the matrices L and Q and tests the null hypothesis that the distribution of species with fixed traits is not influenced by environmental conditions
Model 4 Links the matrices L and R and tests the null hypothesis that the species composition of sites with fixed environmental conditions is not influenced by the species traits
P < 0.001
P = 0.2
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Conclusions
•Body mass •Trophic level
• Body mass • Trophic level • Wing morphology • Mobility
4th-corner analysis PGLS - AICc
Assess which functional traits contribute most to species’ fragmentation sensitivity
Identify which bat species are most vulnerable to fragmentation based on the traits identified in
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Conclusions
Degree of contrast
Matrix quality
Connectivity
Buffer zone Buffer zone
Understand how specific environmental characteristics (local vegetation structure and landscape attributes) set pathways to local loss of functional traits
• Continuous forest interior • Tree height • Forest cover
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Acknowledgments
Gleaning animalivorous bat
© 2013 madalenaboto.com
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Functional traits
Trait Description Source
1. Body mass Based on the average body mass of each species
Our capture data
2. Trophic level Animalivorous or phytophagous Literature
3. Dietary specialization
Percentage of the contribution of each food item to the total dietary records for each species
Literature
4. Vertical stratification
Proportion of captures in ground vs. canopy nets
Our capture data
5. Mobility Mean and maximum recapture distance Our capture data Literature
6. Wing morphology
Aspect ratio and relative wing loading Our capture data