f4 Yearly Plan Physics)

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SMK JALAN TIGA BANDAR BARU BANGIPHYSICS FORM 4

WEEKLY PLANNER FOR THE YEAR 2009

WEEK LEARNING AREA LEARNING OUTCOMES SUGGESTED LEARNINGACTIVITIES

NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

2

1. Introduction toPhysics

1.1 UnderstandingPhysics

Explain what physics is

Recognize the physics ineveryday objects andnatural phenomena.

Observe everyday objects anddiscuss how they are related tophysics concepts.

View a video or animation onnatural phenomena and discusshow they are related to physicsconcepts.

Discuss fields of study in Physicssuch as mechanics, heat, light,electricity etc.

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1.2 Understandingbase quantities andderived quantities.

Explain what base quantitiesand derived quantities are.

List base quantities and theirunits

List some derived quantitiesand their units

Express quantities usingprefixes

Express quantities using thescientific notation

Express derived quantitiesas well as their units interms of base quantities andbase units.

Solve problems involvingconversion of units.

Discuss base quantities andderived quantities.

From a text passage, identifyphysical quantities then classifythem into base quantities andderived quantities.

List the value of prefixes and theirabbreviations from pico to Tera.

Discuss the use of numbers instandard form notation ( a x 10n

where 1 < a < 10).

Determine the base quantities(and units) in a given derived

Base quantities kuantiti asasDerivedquantities kuantiti terbitanLength panjangMass jisim

Temperature suhuCurrent arus

Luas areaVolume isipaduSpeed lajuVelocity halajuStandard form bentuk piawai

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

quantity (and unit) from therelated formula.

Solve problems involving theconversion of units. For example:Giga to Mega (involving prefixes),m3 to cm3,km h-1 to ms-1.

Prefix - imbuhan

1.3 Understandingscalar and vectorquantities

Define scalar and vectorquantities.

Give examples of scalar andvector quantities.

Discuss which quantities can bedefined by magnitude only andwhich quantities need to bedefined by magnitude as well asdirection.Compile a list of scalar and vectorquantities.

Magnitude magnitude/saiz

5-61.4 Understandingmeasurements

Measure physical quantitiesusing appropriateinstruments.

Explain accuracy andconsistency

Explain sensitivity Explain types of

experimental error Using appropriate

techniques to reduce errors.

Choose an appropriate instrumentfor a given measurement task.Use the measurement of lengthusing a ruler, vernier calipers andmicrometer screw gauge as anexample.

Discuss accuracy and consistencyusing the target model.

Discuss the sensitivity of various

instruments.Discuss through examples whatsystematic and random errorsare.

Use appropriate techniques to

Vernier calipers Angkup VernierMicrometer screwgauge micrometerscrew gauge

Accuracy -kejituanPrecision kepersisan

Sensitivity kepekaanError - ralat

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

reduce error in measurementssuch as repeating measurementsand compensating for zero error.

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1.5 analysingscientificinvestigations

Identify variables in a givensituation

Identify a question suitablefor scientific investigation

Form a hypotheses Design and carry out a

simple experiment to testthe hypothesis

Record and present data in asuitable

Interpret data to draw a

conclusion Write a report of theinvestigation

Present a suitable situation,making inferences or suggestquestions suitable for a scientificinvestigation. Discuss:

a) Forming hypothesisb) the aim of the experimentc) identify the variablesd) the method of investigation

including selection ofapparatus and procedures.

Carry out an actual experiment

anda) collect and tabulate data,b) present data in a suitable

formc) interpret data and draw

conclusionsd) write a complete report.

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2. FORCE ANDMOTION

2.1 Analysing linear

motion

A student is able to :

Define distance anddisplacement

Define speed and velocityand state

That v = s

Carry out activities to gain an

idea of :a) distance and displacementb) speed and velocityc) acceleration and

deceleration

Note

Average speed =totaldistance/timetaken

VocabularyDistance - jarak

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

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t

Define acceleration anddeceleration

and state thata = v ut

Calculate speed and velocity Calculate

acceleration/deceleration

Solve problems on linearmotion withuniform acceleration usingi . v = u + at

ii . s = ut + 1 at22

iii . v2 = u2 + 2 as

Cary out activities using a datalonger/graphing calculator/tickertimer to ;

a) identify when a body is atrest, moving with uniformvelocity or non uniformvelocity

b) determine displacement,velocity and acceleration

Solve problems using thefollowing equations of motion :

i . v = u + at

ii . s = ut + 1 at22

iii . v2 = u2 + 2 as

Displacement sesaranSpeed laju

Velocity halajuAcceleration pecutanDeceleration,retardation -nyahpecutan

Ticker timer -jangka masadetik

Tick detikDot titikInitial velocity

halaju awal (U)Final velocity halaju akhir (v)Friction force daya geseranSloping runway landasancondong

112.2 Analysingmotion

graphs

A student is able to:

Plot and interpretdisplacement-time andvelocity-time graphs

Carry out activities using a datalogger/graphing calculator/ticker timer toplota) displacement time graphsb) velocity - time graphs

Notes

Reminder :

Velocity isdetermined from

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

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Deduce from the shapeof a displacement - timegraph when a body is :

I. at restII. moving withuniform velocity

III. moving with non-uniform velocity

determine distance,displacement and velocityfrom a displacement-timegraph

deduce from the shape of avelocity-time graph when abody is :

i. at restii. moving with

uniform velocityiii. moving with

uniformacceleration

determine distance,displacement, velocity andacceleration from a velocity-

time graph solve problems on linear

motion with uniformacceleration

Describe and interpret :a) displacement - time and

b) velocity time graphs

Determine distance, displacement, velocityand acceleration fromdisplacement-time and velocity time graphs

Solve problems on linear motionwith uniform accelerationinvolving graphs

the gradient ofdisplacementtime graph.

Acceleration isdetermined fromthe gradient ofvelocity timegraph

Distance isdetermined fromthe area under adisplacement time graph

2.3 Understanding A student is able to :

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

13 inertia explain what inertia is

relate mass to inertia

give examples of situationsinvolving inertia

suggest ways to reduce thenegative effects of inertia

Carry out activities / viewcomputer simulations/situations

to gain an idea on inertiaCarry out activities to find out therelation shipBetween inertia and mass

Research and report ona) the positive effects of inertia

b) ways to reduce the negativeeffects of

inertia

Note

Newton s First

Law of Motionmay beintroduced here

Vocabulary

Inertia inersia

142.4 Analysingmomentum


Define the momentum of anobject

Define momentum (p) as the

Carry out activities/view computersimulations to gain an idea ofmomentum by comparing theeffect of stopping two objects:

a) of the same mass moving at

different speedsb) of different masses moving atthe same

speed- need to be emphasized

different direction

Vocabulary

Momentum momentum

Collision

perlanggaranExplosion letupan

Conservation oflinear momentum keabadian

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

product of mass (m) andvelocity (v) i.e.p = mv

State the principle ofconservation of momentum

Describe applications ofconservation of momentum

Solve problems involvingmomentum

Discuss momentum as theproduct of mass and velocity

View computer simulation oncollisions and explosions to gainan idea on the conservation ofmomentum

Conduct an experiment to showthat the total momentum of aclosed system is a constant

Carry out activities thatdemonstrate the conservation of

momentum e. g. water rockets

Research and report on theapplications of conservation ofmomentum such as an inrockets or jet engines

Solve problems involvingmomentum

momentum linear

Reminder:

Momentum asvector quantityneeds to beemphasized in

problem solving

152.5 Understandingthe

effects of aforce

A student is able to : Describe the effects of

balanced forces acting on anobject

Describe the effects of

With the aid of diagram, describethe acting on an object :a) at restb) moving at constant velocityc) accelerating

NotesWhen the forcesacting on anobject arebalanced theycancle each other

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

unbalanced forces acting onan object

Determine the relationshipbetween force , mass andacceleration i.e.

F = ma

Solve problems using F =ma

Conduct experiments to find the

relationshipbetween :a) acceleration and mass of anobject under

constant forceb) acceleration and force for aconstant mass

Solve problems using F = ma

out ( nett force =0). The objectthen behaves as

if there no forceacting on it.

Newtons SecondLaw of Motionmay beintroduced here

Vocabulary

Balance -seimbang

Unbalanced tidak seimbang

Nett force dayabersihResultant dayapaduan

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2.6 Analysingimpulse and

Impulsive force


Explain what an impulsiveforce is

Give examples of situationinvolving impulsive forces Define impuls as a change of

momentum, i.e.

Ft = mv - mu

View computer simulation ofcollisions and explosions to gainan idea on impulsiveforceDiscussa) impulse as change ofmomentumb) an impulsive force as the rateof change of

Vocabulary

Impulse - impulsImpulsive force daya impuls

Time of impact masa hentaman

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

Define impulsive force asthe rate of change of

momentum in a collision orexplosion, i.e.

F = mv mut

Explain the effect ofincreasing or decreasingtime of impact on themagnitude of the impulsiveforce

Describe situation where animpulsive force needs to bereduce and suggest ways toreduce it

Describe situations where animpulsive force is beneficial

Solve problems involvingimpulsive forces

momentum in a collision orexplosionc) how increasing or decreasing

time ofimpact affects the magnitudeof impulsive

force

Research and report situationswhere:a) an impulsive force needs to bereduced

and how it can be doneb) an impulsive force is beneficial

Solve problems involvingimpulsive forcesGive an example about animpulsive force isbeneficial

2.7 Being aware ofthe

need for safety


Describe the importance of

Research and report on thephysics of vehiclesCollisions and safety features in

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

featuresin vehicles

safety feature in vehicles vehicles interms of physics conceptsDiscuss the importance of safety

feature invehicles

172.8 Understandinggravity

Explain acceleration due togravity

State what a gravitationalfield is

Define a gravitational fieldstrength

Determine the value ofacceleration due to gravity

Define weight andacceleration due to gravity

Solve problems involvingacceleration due to gravity

Carry out an activity or viewcomputer simulations to gain anidea of acceleration due togravity. Discuss

a) acceleration due to gravityb) a gravitational field as a

region in which an objectexperiences a force due togravitational attraction and

c) gravitational field strength

as gravitational force perunit mass

d) direction and notation ofgravitational force

Carry out an activity to determinethe value of acceleration due togravity

Discuss weight as the Earthsgravitational force on an object

Solve problems involvingacceleration due to gravity

Weight - beratAcceleration dueto gravity pecutandisebabkangravityGravitational fieldstrength kekuatan medan

graviti

182.9 Analysingforces inequilibrium

Describe situations whereforces are in equilibrium

State what a resultant forceis

Describe situations with the aid ofdiagrams where forces are inequilibrium

Discuss the resolving and addition

Equilibrium-keseimbangan

Resolution -leraian

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

Add two forces to determinethe resultant force

Resolve a force into the the

effective component forces Solve problems involving

forces in equilibrium

of forces to determine theresultant forceSolve problems involving forces in

equilibrium (limited to 3 forces)Discuss more examples ofresolving and addition of forces todetermine the resultant force

Discuss two methods of additionof forces using triangle andparallelogram of forces

Parallelogram-segiempat selari

Resultant dayapaduan ataudaya bersih

212.10Understandingwork, energy,

power andefficiency

Define work anddisplacement in thedirection of the applied force

State that when work isdone energy is transferredfrom one object to another

Define kinetic energy Define gravitational

potential energy State the principle of

conservation of energy Define power Explain what efficiency of a

device is Solve problems involving

work, energy, power andefficiency.

Observe and discuss situationswhere work is done when:

a) a force is applied but no

displacement occursb) an object undergoes a

displacement with noapplied force acting on it

Give examples to illustrate howenergy is transferred from oneobject to another when work isdone

Discuss the relationship betweenwork done:-To accelerate a body and thechange in kinetic energy-Against gravity and gravitationalpotential energy

Carry out an activity to show theprinciple of conservation of

Effiency -kecekapan

Conservation keabadian

Work kerja

Gravitationalpotential energy tenagakeupayaangravitiPower - kuasa

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

energy

State that power is the rate atwhich work is done

Carry out activities to measurepower

Discuss efficiency as usefulenergy output over energy inputx 100%

Evaluate and report theefficiencies of various devicessuch as a diesel engine, a petrol

engine and an electric engine

Solve problems involving work,energy, power and efficiency.

222.11 Appreciatingthe importance ofmaximizing theefficiency ofdevices

Recognise the importance ofmaximizing the efficiency ofdevices in conservingresources

Discuss that when an energytransformation takes place, not allof the energy is used to do usefulwork. Some is converted into heator other types of energy.Maximising efficiency duringenergy transformations makesthe best use of the availableenergy. This helps to conserveresources.

Discuss about the factors thataffecting the efficiency of an

Energytransformation Pertukaran/perubahan tenaga

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

energy transformation

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2.12 Understanding

elasticity

Define elasticity

Define Hookes Law Define elastic potential

energy Determine the factors that

affect elasticity Describe applications of

elasticity Solve problems involving

elasticity

Carry out activities to gain an

idea on elasticityPlan and conduct an experimentto find the relationship betweenforce and extension of a spring

Relate work done to elasticpotential energy

Describe and interpret forceextension graphs

Investigate the factors that affectelasticity

Research and report onapplications of elasticity

Solve problems involvingelasticity

Presentation about research andreport on applications ofelasticity from each group

Research -

penyelidikan

Relationship hubunganElasticity kekenyalanElastic potentialenergy tenagakeupayaankenyal

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3. FORCES ANDPRESSURE

3.1 Understandingpressure

Define pressure Describe applications of

pressure

Observe and describe the effectof force acting over a large areacompared to a small area.

Pressure -tekanan

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

Solve problems involvingpressure

Discuss pressure as force perunit area

Research and report onapplications of pressure

Solve problems involving pressure

Demonstrate the effects of areaon the pressure created.

253.2 Understandingpressure in liquids

Relate depth to pressure in aliquid.

Relate density to pressure ina liquid.

Explain pressure in a liquidand state that P = h g

Describe applications of

pressure in liquids.

Solve problems involvingpressure in liquids.

Observe situations to form ideasthat pressure in liquids:

A) acts in all directionsB) increases with depth

Observe situations to form theidea that pressure in liquidsincreases with density

Relate depth (h) density () andgravitational field strength (g) topressure in liquids to obtain P = h g

Research and report ona) the applications of pressure

in liquidsb) ways to reduce the

negative effects ofpressure in liquids

Solve problems involving pressure

Depth kedalamanDensity ketumpatan

Liquid cecair

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

in liquids

273.3 Understandinggas pressure andatmosphericpressure

A students to able to

explain gas pressure Explain atmosphericspressure

Describe applications ofatmospherics pressure

Solve problems involvingatmospherics pressure andgas pressure.

Carry out activities to gain anideas of gas pressure andatmospherics pressure.

Discuss gas pressure in term ofthe behaviour of gas moleculesbased on the kinetics theory.

Discuss atmospherics pressure interm of weight of the atmosphereacting on the Earths surface.

Discuss the effects of altitude onthe magnitude of atmospherics

pressure.Research and report on theapplications of atmosphericspressure

Solve problems involvingatmospherics and gas pressureincluding barometer andmanometer readings.

Students need tobe introduced toinstrument usedto measure gaspressure(bourdon gauge)and atmosphericpressure (Fortinbarometer,aneroidbarometer).Working principleof the instrumentis not required

Introduce otherunits ofatmosphericpressure1 atmosphere =760 mm Hg =10.3 m water =101300 Pa1 milibar = 100Pa

Vocabulary:atmosphericpressure tekananatmosfera

gas pressure

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

tekanan gas

283.4 ApplyingPascals principle

A students is able to: State pascals principle

Explain hydraulic systems Describe applications of

pascalls principle Solve problems involving

pascals principle.

Observe situations to form ideasthat pressure exerted on anenclosed liquids is transmittedequally to every part of the liquid.

Discuss hydraulics systems as aforce multiplier to obtain:Output force = Output piston areaInput force input piston areas

Reseacrh and report on the

applications of pascals principle(hyraulic systems)

Solve problems involving pascalsprinciple.

Enclosed tertutupForce multiplier pembesar dayaHydraulic system sistem hidrolik

Transmitted tersebarPiston area luaskeratan rentasomboh

293.5 ApplyingArchimedespriciple

A student is able to: Explain buoyant force. Relate buoyant force to the

weight of the liquiddisplaced.

State Archimedes principle.

Describe applications ofArchimedes principle. Solve problem involving

Archimedes principle.

Carry out an actitvity to measurethe weight of an object in air andthe weight of the same object inwater to gain and idea on buoyantforce.

Conduct an experiment toinvestigate the relationshipbetween the weight waterdisplace and the buoyant force.

Discuss buoyancy in terms of :a) an object that is totally or

Recall densityand buoyancyApparent weightequals actualweight minusbuoyant forceVocabulary:Buoyancy keapunganBuoyant force tujah ke atasSubmerged tenggelam

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

partially submerged in fluidexperiences a buoyantforce equal to the weight offluid displaced.

b) The weight of a freelyfloating object being equalto weight of fluid displaced

c) A floating object has adensity less than or equalto the density of the fluid inwhich is floating.

Research and report on theapplication of Archimedesprinciple, e.g. submarines,

hydrometers, hot-air balloons.

Solve problem involvingArchimedes principle.

Build a Cartesian diver. Discusswhy the diver can be made tomove up and down.

Fluid bendalirApparent weight berat ketaraActual weight berat sebenarFloating terapung

303.6 UnderstandingBernoullis principle


State Bernoullis principle Explain that a resultant forceexist due to a different influid pressure.

Describe application ofBernoullis principle

Carry out activities to gain theidea that when the speed of aflowing fluid increases itspressure decreases. E.g. blowingthrough straw between two pingpong balls suspended on strings.

Discuss Bernoullis principle.

Fluid bendalirLifting force daya angkatIncreases meningkatDecreases berkurangFlowing fluid bendalir bergerak

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

Solve problem involvingBernoullis principle

Carry out activities to show that aresultant force exist due to adifferent in fluid pressure.

View a computer simulation toobserve air flow over an aerofoilto gain an idea on lifting force.

Research and report on theapplication of Bernoullisprinciple.

Solve problem involvingBernoullis principle.

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4.1 Understanding

thermal equilibrium


Explain thermal equilibrium Explain how a liquid-in- glass

thermometer works.

Carry out activities to show that

thermal equilibrium is a conditionin which there is no need heatflow between two objects inthermal contact.

Use the liquid-in-glassthermometer to explain how thevolume of a fixed mass of liquidmay be used to define atemperature scale.

Melting point for

ice-0CBoiling point forwater 100C

Vocabulary:Thermalequilibrium keseimbangantermaNett heat flow kadar bersihpemindahanhabaMelting point takat leburBoiling point takat didihFreezing point

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

takat beku

324.2 Understandingspecific heatcapacity


Define specific heat capacity( c ) State that c = Q/ m Determine the specific heat

capacity of a liquid. Determine the specific heat

capacity of a solid. Describe application of

specific heat capacity Solve problems involving

specific heat capacity

Observe the change intemperature when:

a) the same amount of heat isused to heat differentmasses of water.

b) The same amount of heatis used to heat the samemass of different liquids.

Discuss specific heat capacity

Plan and carry out an activity todetermine the specific heat

capacity ofa) a liquidb) a solid

Research and report onapplication of specific heatcapacity

Solve problem involving specificheat capacity

Heat capacityonly relate to aparticular objectwhereas specificheat capacityrelate to amaterial.Guide students toanalyse the unitof c as JKg-1K-1 or

JKg-1C-1

Solid pepejal

Immersion heater pemanasrendam

334.3Understandingspecific latent heat.

State that transfer of

heat during a change ofphase does not cause achange in temperature.

Define specific latentheat (l).

State that l = Q/m.

Carry out an activity to show thatthere is no change in temperaturewhen heat is supplied to:

a. a liquid at its boiling point(Demonstrate anexperiment using distilledwater to show the

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

Determine the specificlatent heat of fusion.

Determine the specific

latent heat ofvaporization. Slove problem involving

specific latent heat.

temperature doesnt changewhile boiling)

b. a solid at its melting point(Demonstrate anexperiment using icecubes to show that

temperature doesnt changewhile melting).

Sketch the boiling and themelting curve and discuss meltingsolidification , boiling andcondensation as processesinvolving energy transfer withouta change in temperature.

Discussa) latent heat in terms of

molecular behaviourb) specific latent heat

Show the diagrams that showdifferent matters have theirdifferent specific latent heat

Plan and carry out an activity todetermine the specific latent heatof

c) fusiond) vaporization

Solve problems involving specificlatent heat

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

34

35

4.4Understanding thegas laws

Explain gas pressure,temperature and volumein terms of behaviour ofgas molecules.

Determine therelationship betweenpressure and volume atconstant temperature fora fixed mass of gas i.e pV= constant.

Determine therelationship between

volume and temperatureat constant pressure for afixed mass of gas i.e V/T= constant.

Determine therelationship betweenpressure andtemperature at constantvolume for a fixed massof gas i.e P/T = constant.

Explain absolute zero.

Explain theabsolute/Kelvin scale oftemperature.

Solve problems involvingpressure, temperatureand volume of a fixed

Use a model or view computersimulations on the behaviour ofmolecules of a fixed mass of gasto gain an idea about gaspressure, temperature andvolume.

Discuss gas pressure, volume andtemperature in terms of thebehaviour of molecules based onthe kinetic theory

Plan and carry out an experimenton a fixed mass of gas todetermine the relationshipbetween :a)pressure and volume atconstant temperatureb)volume and temperature atconstant pressurec)pressure and temperature atconstant volume

Extrapolate P-T and V-T graphs orview computer simulations toshow that when pressure andvolume are zero the temperatureon a P-T and V-T graph is -273C.Discuss absolute zero and theKelvin scale of temperature.

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

mass of gas.Solve problems involving thepressure, temperature andvolume of a fixed mass of gas.

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37

5.1 Understandingreflection of light

Describe thecharacteristics of theimage formed byreflection of light.

State the laws ofreflection of light.

Draw ray diagrams toshow the position andcharacteristics of theimage formed by ai. plane mirror,

ii. convex mirror,iii. concave mirror.

Describe applications ofreflection of light.

Solve problems involvingreflection of light.

Construct a device basedon the application ofreflection of light.

Observe the image formed in aplane mirror. Discuss that theimage is:a)as far behind the mirror as theobject is in front and the line

joining the object and image isperpendicular to the mirrorb)the same size as the objectc)virtuald)laterally inverted

Discuss the laws of reflectionCarry out an activities for allstudents to find out the definitionof image distance, objectdistance, radius of curvature,virtual image, real object, opticalaxis, optical centre and focallength

Draw ray diagrams to determinethe position and characteristics ofthe image formed bya)plane mirrorb)convex mirrorc)concave mirror

Research and report onapplications of reflection of light

Concave mirror cermin cekungConvex mirrior cermin cembung

Refelction oflight-Pantulancahaya

Image distance jarak imej

Radius ofcurvature jejarikelengkunganVirtual image imej maya

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

Solve problems involvingreflection of light

Construct a device based onapplication of reflection of light

385.2Understandingrefraction of light

Explain refraction of light. Define refractive index as

n =sin i/sin r. Determine the refractive

index of a glass orPerspex block.

State the refractive

index, n as speed of light in a vacuum .

speed of light in a medium

Describe phenomena dueto refraction.

Solve problems involvingthe refraction of light.

Observe situations to gain an ideaon refraction e.g the depth ofwater in pool is shallower than itreally and a ruler looks bent in aglass of water

Draw the diagrams to show the

phenomenon above

Conduct an experiment to find therelationship between the angle ofincident and angle of refraction toobtain Snells law

Carry out an activity to determinethe refractive index of a glass orPerspex block.

Discuss the refractive index, , n,asSpeed of light in a vacuumSpeed of light in a medium

Research and repot onphenomenon due to refraction

Refraction biasan

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

e.g. apparent depth, the twinklingof stars

Carry out activities to gain anidea of apparent depth. With theaid of diagrams, discuss realdepth and apparent depth.

Solve problems involving therefraction of light.

Real depth dalam sebenarApparent depth dalam ketara

395.3Understanding totalinternal reflectionof light

Explain total internalreflection of light

Define critical angle ( c ) Relate the critical angle

to the refractive index

i.e. n= 1S

in c

Describe naturalphenomenon involvingtotal internal reflection

Describe application oftotal internal reflection.

Solve problems involvingtotal internal reflection.

Demonstrate a simple activities toshow the phenomenon of internalreflection of light e.g by usingwater, beaker and spoon. Observespoon from the bottom of the

beaker.

Carry out activities to show theeffect of increasing the angle ofincidence on the angle ofrefraction when light travels froma denser medium to a less densemedium to gain an idea abouttotal internal reflection and toobtain the critical angle.

Discuss with the aid of diagrams:a)total internal reflection andcritical angleb)the relationship between criticalangle and refractive index

Research and report on

Total internalreflection pantulan dalampenuh

Critical angle sudut genting

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

a)natural phenomenon involvingtotal internal reflectionb)the applications of total internalreflection, e.g. intelecommunications using fibreoptics

Solve problems involving totalinternal reflection.

42 5.4 Understandinglenses

Explain focal point andfocal length.

Determine the focal pointand focal length of aconvex lens.

Determine the focalpoint and focal length ofa concave lens.

Draw ray diagrams toshow the positions andcharacteristics of theimages formed by aconvex lens.

Draw ray diagrams toshow the positions andcharacteristics of the

images formed by aconcave lens. Define magnification as

m = v/u. Relate focal length (f) to

the object distance (u)

Use an optical kit to observe andmeasure light rays travelingthrough convex and concavelenses to gain and idea of focalpoint and focal length.

Determine the focal point andfocal length of convex andconcave lenses.

With the help of ray diagrams,discuss focal point and focallength.

Draw ray diagrams to show thepositions and characteristics ofthe images formed by aa)convex lens

b)concave lens

Carry out activities to gain anidea of magnification.With the help of ray diagrams,discuss magnification.

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NOTES ANDVOCABULARY

and image distance (v),i.e 1/f = 1/u + 1/v.

Describe, with the aid ofray diagrams, the use oflenses in optical devices.

Construct an opticaldevice that uses lenses.

Solve problems involvingto lenses.

Carry out an activity to find therelationship between u, v and f.

Carry out activities to gain anidea on the of lenses in opticaldevices.

With the help of ray diagramsdiscuss the use of lenses inoptical devices such as atelescope and a microscope.

Construct an optical device thatuses lenses.

Solve problems involving lenses.

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