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Exploring the Religions Exploring the Religions of Our Worldof Our World
Exploring the Religions Exploring the Religions of Our Worldof Our World
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bd5hvXgI_bQ
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey
Setting the StageSetting the Stage• Global villageGlobal village• Protected now but not next yearProtected now but not next year• Unique class—overview of manyUnique class—overview of many• Goals: Proclaim, dialogue, learn Goals: Proclaim, dialogue, learn • World Religion = worldwide or significantWorld Religion = worldwide or significant
Buddhism, Christianity, and IslamBuddhism, Christianity, and Islam Hinduism, Judaism, Japanese, Chinese, and Hinduism, Judaism, Japanese, Chinese, and
AmericanAmerican
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey What is ReligionWhat is Religion
• Not present in most holy booksNot present in most holy books• Only modern separation from lifeOnly modern separation from life• Latin Latin religioreligio = to bind = to bind• Person or community to something or someone Person or community to something or someone
over or beyondover or beyond• Entailed obligationsEntailed obligations• Not just one thing—worship, action, belief, etc…Not just one thing—worship, action, belief, etc…
so look at as much as we canso look at as much as we can• Elusive but some patternsElusive but some patterns• Western systematic approachWestern systematic approach
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey
Why Study World Religions?Why Study World Religions? Why Study World Religions?Why Study World Religions?
to gain a clearer to gain a clearer understanding of understanding of one’s own faithone’s own faith
to gain a clearer to gain a clearer understanding of understanding of one’s own faithone’s own faith
to foster openness to foster openness and acceptance of and acceptance of human differenceshuman differences
to foster openness to foster openness and acceptance of and acceptance of human differenceshuman differences
to gain insights into to gain insights into human beings by human beings by
understanding their understanding their religious activitiesreligious activities
to gain insights into to gain insights into human beings by human beings by
understanding their understanding their religious activitiesreligious activities
to gain a better to gain a better understanding of understanding of
humankind’s various humankind’s various civilizationscivilizations
to gain a better to gain a better understanding of understanding of
humankind’s various humankind’s various civilizationscivilizations
to gain a better to gain a better understanding of understanding of various human various human
culturescultures
to gain a better to gain a better understanding of understanding of various human various human
culturescultures to learn from some to learn from some great sources of great sources of
wisdomwisdom
to learn from some to learn from some great sources of great sources of
wisdomwisdom
to dispel fears andto dispel fears and
misunderstandingsmisunderstandings
to dispel fears andto dispel fears and
misunderstandingsmisunderstandings
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey A Different Religion ClassA Different Religion Class
• Religion class vs. othersReligion class vs. others Head and heartHead and heart Facts and experiencesFacts and experiences Rational and faith experiencesRational and faith experiences Questions beyond science to philosophy & Questions beyond science to philosophy &
theology—not merely descriptive but theology—not merely descriptive but prescriptiveprescriptive
• World religion class vs. religion classWorld religion class vs. religion class Not merely own religious tradition’s answersNot merely own religious tradition’s answers Each Each religionreligion answers & interprets differently answers & interprets differently
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey
Studying with a New Attitude
Non-judgmental Catholics reject nothing which is true & holy in other
religions…sincere respect…reflect a ray of Truth (Vatican II, NA, 2)
Accept on its own terms does not = accept for self Empathy = identify & understand another’s situation Humble, open, & respectful “Equality…equal personal dignity” (CDF, DJ, 22) Avoid false irenicism by consistent with own tradition but
openness towards other ones without pretense or close mindedness; true, humble, frank dialogue; witness & conversion (JPII, RM, 56)
Studying with a New Attitude
Non-judgmental Catholics reject nothing which is true & holy in other
religions…sincere respect…reflect a ray of Truth (Vatican II, NA, 2)
Accept on its own terms does not = accept for self Empathy = identify & understand another’s situation Humble, open, & respectful “Equality…equal personal dignity” (CDF, DJ, 22) Avoid false irenicism by consistent with own tradition but
openness towards other ones without pretense or close mindedness; true, humble, frank dialogue; witness & conversion (JPII, RM, 56)
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey
Setting the Context of Catholic’s in DialogueSetting the Context of Catholic’s in Dialogue
Angelo Roncalli (1881)—Pope John XIII (1958-1963) Vatican diplomat to Greece and Turkey—Orthodox & Muslims Jews during WWII Protestants are separated brothers not heretics (Ad Cathedram Petri) Received Archbishop of Canterbury & greeted Patriarch of
Constantinople Removed “perfidious Jews” from Good Friday liturgy; egregiously Seems minor today but revolutionary in 1960’s Vision was that Catholic Church not set itself against the world, but
engage in dialogue with the world Vision was fleshed out in Vatican II (1962-1965) Died after first of four sessions so Pope Paul VI continued vision (1963-
1978)
Setting the Context of Catholic’s in DialogueSetting the Context of Catholic’s in Dialogue
Angelo Roncalli (1881)—Pope John XIII (1958-1963) Vatican diplomat to Greece and Turkey—Orthodox & Muslims Jews during WWII Protestants are separated brothers not heretics (Ad Cathedram Petri) Received Archbishop of Canterbury & greeted Patriarch of
Constantinople Removed “perfidious Jews” from Good Friday liturgy; egregiously Seems minor today but revolutionary in 1960’s Vision was that Catholic Church not set itself against the world, but
engage in dialogue with the world Vision was fleshed out in Vatican II (1962-1965) Died after first of four sessions so Pope Paul VI continued vision (1963-
1978)
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey
Benefits of the Council Dignitatis Humanae (Declaration on Human Freedom)
Rights if individuals to social & civil freedom in religious matters
Unitatis Redintegratio (Decree on Ecumenism) Dialogue with fellow Christians
Nostra Aetate (Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions)
Dialogue with non-Christians
Pontificates of Paul VI and John Paul II—words into action 1965 joint resolution between Paul VI and Athanagoras I Joint declaration between Paul VI and Archbishop of Canterbury John Paul II met with religious leaders and holy sites in extensive travels 1986 and 2002 World Day of Prayer for Peace in Assisi Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification with Lutherans April 2005 funeral of John Paul II
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey
Related Documents from the pontificate of JP IIRelated Documents from the pontificate of JP IIRelated Documents from the pontificate of JP IIRelated Documents from the pontificate of JP II
Ut Unum Sint1995 Encyclical on the Church Commitment to
Ecumenism by JPII
Ut Unum Sint1995 Encyclical on the Church Commitment to
Ecumenism by JPIIDialogue & Proclamation
1991 Reflections on Interreligious Dialogue by the Pontifical Council for
Interreligious Dialogue
Dialogue & Proclamation 1991 Reflections on
Interreligious Dialogue by the Pontifical Council for
Interreligious Dialogue
Redemptoris Missio 1990 Encyclical on the
Mission of Christ by JPII
Redemptoris Missio 1990 Encyclical on the
Mission of Christ by JPII
Directory for the Application of Principles & Norms on
Ecumenism 1993 by Pontifical Council
for Christina Unity
Directory for the Application of Principles & Norms on
Ecumenism 1993 by Pontifical Council
for Christina Unity
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyEcumenical Dialogue Ecumenical Dialogue 1. All Catholics, not just specialists, are to evangelize the world
thru dialogue with non-Catholics = witness not proselytism2. God offers the gift of salvation to all the nations3. The scriptures of other religions point to a future communion4. People from other religious traditions can be recipients of
God’s grace even though Christ is one savior and Church is ordinary means (CCC, 846 & Pope Benedict XVI in 2007)A. The Church has primacy over other faith traditions because of its
apostolic succession by which it can offer the “means of salvation” B. “Those who, through no fault of their own, do not know the
Gospel of Christ or his Church, but who nevertheless seek God with a sincere heart … may achieve eternal salvation (CCC, 847 & Karl Rahner’s (1904-1984) Anonymous Christian theology)
5. Holy Spirit led dialogue can be through both words & actions
Ecumenical Dialogue Ecumenical Dialogue 1. All Catholics, not just specialists, are to evangelize the world
thru dialogue with non-Catholics = witness not proselytism2. God offers the gift of salvation to all the nations3. The scriptures of other religions point to a future communion4. People from other religious traditions can be recipients of
God’s grace even though Christ is one savior and Church is ordinary means (CCC, 846 & Pope Benedict XVI in 2007)A. The Church has primacy over other faith traditions because of its
apostolic succession by which it can offer the “means of salvation” B. “Those who, through no fault of their own, do not know the
Gospel of Christ or his Church, but who nevertheless seek God with a sincere heart … may achieve eternal salvation (CCC, 847 & Karl Rahner’s (1904-1984) Anonymous Christian theology)
5. Holy Spirit led dialogue can be through both words & actions
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey
Some Common Elements or Patterns of ReligionsSome Common Elements or Patterns of Religions “What a religion is” rather than “what is religion” Overlap not compartmentalized
Some Common Elements or Patterns of ReligionsSome Common Elements or Patterns of Religions “What a religion is” rather than “what is religion” Overlap not compartmentalized
Sacred stories, Sacred stories, sacred scriptures, & sacred scriptures, & other writingsother writings
Beliefs & practices Beliefs & practices
Sacred timeSacred time
Sacred places & Sacred places & sacred spacessacred spaces
Sacred stories, Sacred stories, sacred scriptures, & sacred scriptures, & other writingsother writings
Beliefs & practices Beliefs & practices
Sacred timeSacred time
Sacred places & Sacred places & sacred spacessacred spaces
MythsMyths (sacred & empirical (sacred & empirical history), Upanishads, history), Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Qur’an, BibleBhagavad Gita, Qur’an, Bible
_____________________ _____________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
MythsMyths (sacred & empirical (sacred & empirical history), Upanishads, history), Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Qur’an, BibleBhagavad Gita, Qur’an, Bible
_____________________ _____________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey
Common Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of Religions Sacred stories & Sacred stories &
sacred scripturessacred scriptures
Beliefs & practicesBeliefs & practices Vertical & horizontal Vertical & horizontal Doctrine & actionDoctrine & action Moral code—W or UMoral code—W or U
Goodness & salvationGoodness & salvation
Sacred timeSacred time
Sacred places & Sacred places & sacred spacessacred spaces
Sacred stories & Sacred stories & sacred scripturessacred scriptures
Beliefs & practicesBeliefs & practices Vertical & horizontal Vertical & horizontal Doctrine & actionDoctrine & action Moral code—W or UMoral code—W or U
Goodness & salvationGoodness & salvation
Sacred timeSacred time
Sacred places & Sacred places & sacred spacessacred spaces
Examples:Examples:
4 Noble Truths & 8-Fold Path, 4 Noble Truths & 8-Fold Path, Apostles Creed, Sh’ma, Apostles Creed, Sh’ma, ShahadahShahadah
Personal – Personal – Prayer, meditation, ritual washingPrayer, meditation, ritual washing
Communal – Communal – animal sacrifice, pilgrimages, sacred animal sacrifice, pilgrimages, sacred mealsmeals
• Formality often comes from sacred stories; Formality often comes from sacred stories; e.g. Pesache.g. Pesach
• Practice reveals belief; e.g prayer for MuslimsPractice reveals belief; e.g prayer for Muslims
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Examples:Examples:
4 Noble Truths & 8-Fold Path, 4 Noble Truths & 8-Fold Path, Apostles Creed, Sh’ma, Apostles Creed, Sh’ma, ShahadahShahadah
Personal – Personal – Prayer, meditation, ritual washingPrayer, meditation, ritual washing
Communal – Communal – animal sacrifice, pilgrimages, sacred animal sacrifice, pilgrimages, sacred mealsmeals
• Formality often comes from sacred stories; Formality often comes from sacred stories; e.g. Pesache.g. Pesach
• Practice reveals belief; e.g prayer for MuslimsPractice reveals belief; e.g prayer for Muslims
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey
Common Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of Religions
Sacred stories & Sacred stories & sacred scripturessacred scriptures
Beliefs & practices Beliefs & practices
Sacred timeSacred time All time is sacredAll time is sacred Ritual moves I or C to, Ritual moves I or C to,
reminds, & timelessreminds, & timeless Frequency varies but Frequency varies but
always draws past & always draws past & future to presentfuture to present
Sacred places & Sacred places & sacred spacessacred spaces
Sacred stories & Sacred stories & sacred scripturessacred scriptures
Beliefs & practices Beliefs & practices
Sacred timeSacred time All time is sacredAll time is sacred Ritual moves I or C to, Ritual moves I or C to,
reminds, & timelessreminds, & timeless Frequency varies but Frequency varies but
always draws past & always draws past & future to presentfuture to present
Sacred places & Sacred places & sacred spacessacred spaces
Examples:Examples: Muslims, - Fri., RamadanMuslims, - Fri., RamadanJews - Sabbath, Yom KippurJews - Sabbath, Yom KippurChristians - Sun, Lent, EasterChristians - Sun, Lent, EasterBuddhists- Bodhi DayBuddhists- Bodhi DayHindus – DiwaliHindus – DiwaliSikhs – Gobind Singh’s b-daySikhs – Gobind Singh’s b-day
Communal rituals more formal Communal rituals more formal that personal devotions; sense that personal devotions; sense of belonging & personal of belonging & personal renewal renewal
Examples:Examples: Muslims, - Fri., RamadanMuslims, - Fri., RamadanJews - Sabbath, Yom KippurJews - Sabbath, Yom KippurChristians - Sun, Lent, EasterChristians - Sun, Lent, EasterBuddhists- Bodhi DayBuddhists- Bodhi DayHindus – DiwaliHindus – DiwaliSikhs – Gobind Singh’s b-daySikhs – Gobind Singh’s b-day
Communal rituals more formal Communal rituals more formal that personal devotions; sense that personal devotions; sense of belonging & personal of belonging & personal renewal renewal
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey
Common Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of Religions
Sacred stories & Sacred stories & sacred scripturessacred scriptures
Beliefs & practices Beliefs & practices
Sacred timeSacred time
Sacred places & Sacred places & sacred spacessacred spaces
Anywhere but usually marked by a permanent sacred space and place
Can be temporary Based on sacred stories
and scriptures of religion
Sacred stories & Sacred stories & sacred scripturessacred scriptures
Beliefs & practices Beliefs & practices
Sacred timeSacred time
Sacred places & Sacred places & sacred spacessacred spaces
Anywhere but usually marked by a permanent sacred space and place
Can be temporary Based on sacred stories
and scriptures of religion
Examples:Examples:
Origins & TravelsOrigins & TravelsMuslims -- Mecca/ MedinaMuslims -- Mecca/ MedinaChristians, Jews, & Muslims -- Holy Christians, Jews, & Muslims -- Holy
LandLand
NaturalNaturalRivers – Jordan (Christians) & Rivers – Jordan (Christians) &
Ganges (Hindus)Ganges (Hindus)Mountains – Sinai (Jews) & Fuji Mountains – Sinai (Jews) & Fuji
(Shintos)(Shintos)
Shrines, Synagogues, Mosques, Shrines, Synagogues, Mosques, Temples, Churches, & temporaryTemples, Churches, & temporary
Examples:Examples:
Origins & TravelsOrigins & TravelsMuslims -- Mecca/ MedinaMuslims -- Mecca/ MedinaChristians, Jews, & Muslims -- Holy Christians, Jews, & Muslims -- Holy
LandLand
NaturalNaturalRivers – Jordan (Christians) & Rivers – Jordan (Christians) &
Ganges (Hindus)Ganges (Hindus)Mountains – Sinai (Jews) & Fuji Mountains – Sinai (Jews) & Fuji
(Shintos)(Shintos)
Shrines, Synagogues, Mosques, Shrines, Synagogues, Mosques, Temples, Churches, & temporaryTemples, Churches, & temporary
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey Other Elements or PatternsOther Elements or Patterns
• Methodology Brief historical overview Sacred stories & scriptures Basic beliefs & practices Sacred time Sacred places & spaces The religion through a Catholic lens
• Implicit aspects Symbols & objects; laws; institutional structure; holy people
• Order Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese, Japanese,
Christianity (out of order) & American Not chronological
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey
Vocabulary:Vocabulary:
• ReligionReligion• EmpathyEmpathy• LiturgyLiturgy• EcumenismEcumenism• EvangelizationEvangelization• Witnessing Witnessing • MythsMyths• IrenicismIrenicism• EgregiouslyEgregiously• PerfidiousPerfidious• Anonymous ChristianAnonymous Christian
Vocabulary:Vocabulary:
• ReligionReligion• EmpathyEmpathy• LiturgyLiturgy• EcumenismEcumenism• EvangelizationEvangelization• Witnessing Witnessing • MythsMyths• IrenicismIrenicism• EgregiouslyEgregiously• PerfidiousPerfidious• Anonymous ChristianAnonymous Christian
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyReview Questions:Review Questions:1. Briefly describe the religious diversity in our world today.2. Why use the term “world’s religions” rather than “world religions” in
studying various religious traditions?3. In what language did the word “religion” originate? Why do you think
it is such a difficult term to define?4. What attitude is asked of us in studying some of the world’s religions?
Explain.5. What makes a class about the world’s religions different from other
religion classes?6. What are some reasons for studying the world’s religions?7. Relate some of the ways in which Popes John XXIII, Paul VI, and John
Paul II broke ground in the Catholic Church’s relationship with other religious traditions.
8. Why is interreligious dialogue a duty of all Catholics? In what ways can a Catholic fulfill this duty?
9. What are some of the common elements or patterns we will employ in our study of some of the world’s religions?
Review Questions:Review Questions:1. Briefly describe the religious diversity in our world today.2. Why use the term “world’s religions” rather than “world religions” in
studying various religious traditions?3. In what language did the word “religion” originate? Why do you think
it is such a difficult term to define?4. What attitude is asked of us in studying some of the world’s religions?
Explain.5. What makes a class about the world’s religions different from other
religion classes?6. What are some reasons for studying the world’s religions?7. Relate some of the ways in which Popes John XXIII, Paul VI, and John
Paul II broke ground in the Catholic Church’s relationship with other religious traditions.
8. Why is interreligious dialogue a duty of all Catholics? In what ways can a Catholic fulfill this duty?
9. What are some of the common elements or patterns we will employ in our study of some of the world’s religions?