Exploring the Ocean (Hapalochlaena maculosa) Blue-ringed Octopus.
Exploring the Ocean (Hapalochlaena maculosa) Blue-ringed Octopus
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Transcript of Exploring the Ocean (Hapalochlaena maculosa) Blue-ringed Octopus
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Exploring the Ocean(Hapalochlaena maculosa)
Blue-ringed Octopus
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The Ocean generates:
• Fresh H2O that we drink.
• The O2 we breath
• Our climate
• Seafood
• Medicines
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Earth• 75% of earth’s surface is composed of
water.
• 25% land
Water
• Water- 97% is salt water
• 3% freshwater-only about 1% is available to us.
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• Only 5% of the ocean has been explored.
• 95% still remains unexplored.
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Famous Explorers
• Jacques Cousteau• Co-inventor of the
Aqua-lung.
• Revolutionized the way humans view water through books, films and TV series.
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Dr. Sylvia Earle
• Marine Biologist- has led more than 60 expeditions worldwide.
• Has spent more than 7,000 hours underwater. (291 days or 9 and ½ months.)
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• Dr. Robert Ballard• One of the world’s
most famous ocean explorers best known for his discovery of the Titanic in 1985.
• Revolutionized explorations with the use of ROVs (remotely operated vehicles).
• 1977 he discovered hydrothermal vents and their unique life forms.
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• Dr. Peter Auster• Director for the
National Undersea Research Center, University of Connecticut.
• Ecologist and Conservation Biologist whose focus is marine fishes and their habitat.
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Most Amazing Ocean Locations
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1. Mariana Trench• At a depth of 35,805 feet, almost seven
miles below surface.
• One of the least explored places on earth.
• Was pinpointed by the Challenger II in 1951.
• Deep enough to swallow Mt Everest.
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• In 1960 Don Walsh and Jacques Piccard descended in the submersible called the Trieste which could withstand 16,000lbs of pressure per square inch.
• Japanese-built robot Kaiko
• Five hours to descend to the bottom.
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Nereus (AUV)Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
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2. American Samoa
• American Samoa group of 6 islands in the Southern Pacific.
• Home of the Polynesian culture.
• In Samoan Culture Sea turtles have the power to save fisherman.
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• American Samoa’s reefs are home to many hundreds of fish species.
• The largest tuna processing plant.
• 1,000 lbs of tuna each day in sustainable fisheries.
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Tuna
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3. North Western Hawaiian Islands• World’s largest marine protected areas.
• A chain of coral atolls, reefs and islands.
• Most diverse aquatic ecosystem.
• Stretching over 1,200 miles.
• A marine national monument.
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4. Gulf of Alaska Seamount Chains• Underwater mountains rise above the
seafloor.
• Most are extinct volcanoes that formed above hotspots.
• Expeditions using ROVs have discovered many deep sea coral, sponges and fish
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5. Arctic Ocean- Beaufort Sea
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• Special species adaptations to harsh conditions and temperatures.
• Sea ice protects arctic communities and shorelines from erosion.
• Ringed seals depend on sea ice to breed and raise their young.
• Polar bears depend on ringed seals
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• Climate changes are causing the ice to melt.
• Causing loss of habitat.
• Many native Alaskans are forced into wildlife habitat because of the diminishing shoreline.
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6. Juan De Fuca Ridge
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• Stretching 300 miles along the coast of Oregon and Washington.
• Underground Volcanic mountain range.
• Created by the separation of the Juan de Fuca plate and the Pacific plate.
• Home to many chemo-autotrophic organisms.
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• Hydrothermal vents-Deep sea vents release lava heated water of 400°F.
• Black clouds or black smokers.
• On contact with seawater minerals crystalize and settle on the sea floor around vent openings.
• Over time the mineral deposits grow like chimneys.
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7. Monterey Canyon
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Deep Sea Medusan (Periphylla periphylla)
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Barreleye Fish
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• A canyon under the sea.
• Twice as deep as the Arizona Grand Canyon.
• Seafloor-absolute darkness: chemo-autotrophic organisms
• Giant kelp and algae major O2 producers.
• Full of biodiversity.
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8. Gulf of Mexico
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• Accumulated sediments has formed a belt of salt domes underneath the seafloor.
• Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary.
• Carbon Rich sediments produce oil banks.
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9. Dry Tortugas National Park
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• Seven small islands of coral and rock in the Florida Keys.
• Sanctuary for endangered green and loggerhead turtles.
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Hawksbill Turtle
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10. Puerto Rico Trench
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• Deepest place in the Atlantic ocean.
• 27,395 ft. (5.2mi)
• Caused by tectonic plates similar to San Andreas fault.
• Tsunamis and earthquakes are a threat to nearby islands.
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11.The Gulf Stream
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• Warm water from the tropics flows to higher latitudes.
• Effects weather patterns
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12.Georges Bank
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• Lucrative fishery for cod and halibut fish.
• Oceanographer canyon located at 6,600 ft.