Explorers Bradshaw Mountain High School What motivated the earliest European explorers? Faster/...
Transcript of Explorers Bradshaw Mountain High School What motivated the earliest European explorers? Faster/...
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Explorers
Bradshaw Mountain High School
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What motivated the earliest European explorers?
• Faster/ safer trade routes• Spread of Christianity• Adventure• Conquest/power• Wealth (Gold and Silver)• Spices (cinnamon, nutmeg, and pepper)• Spices were used to preserve food.
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Obstacles
• Simple compasses and maps
• Enemies
• Disease/death/starvation
• Fear of falling off the earth
• Lack of food, water etc.
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Leading up to Exploration (Marco Polo)
• Marco Polo took the Silk Road and returned 3 years later to Europe with the goods he had brought back from China.
• Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1448.
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Prince Henry
• Trained and encouraged navigators to reach Cape Verde, southern tip of Africa.
• He employed cartographers who created the most current maps at that time.
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Bartholomeu Dias
• The explorer Bartholomeu Dias was the 1st to reach the Cape of Good Hope, the Southern tip of Africa!
• This helped others to see it was possible to reach India by going around Africa!
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Vasco Da GamaVasco Da Gama He opened a new
route for trade between Europe and Asia without using the Silk Road.
In 1498, Vasco Da Gama went around Africa and reached India.
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Vikings
• Eric the Red was a Viking that led Europeans to Greenland. He started a settlement there.
• Leif Ericson, (a son of Eric the Red) led 35 Vikings about 1000 B.C.E. to go find a land he had heard about through another sailor.
• He landed on Newfoundland and called it Vinland (Wine Land) because they found grapes there that they made into wine.
• On his way back to Greenland, Leif Erickson rescued a ship and its men.
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Christopher Columbus• Christopher Columbus
convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to give him three ships.
• The three ships were: Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria.
• He landed in the Bahama Islands on October 12, 1492.
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Christopher Columbus
• He also named San Salvador meaning “Holy Savior.”
• He saw people and named them “Indians” because he thought that he was in the West Indies.
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Columbian Exchange
• As a result of Columbus’s voyages to the New World, an exchange began between the Americas and the rest of the world.
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Columbian ExchangeAmericas to Europe Europe to Americas
Potatoes & Tomatoes Sugar, Tea, Coffee
Maize, (Corn) Horses, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, rats
Tobacco Diseases (smallpox, measles, whooping cough, bubonic plague, malaria, yellow fever )
Chocolate •Asian cockroaches, Japanese beetle
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Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese)
• Ferdinand Magellan sailed around the southern tip of South America.
• His crew made the first round trip around the world. His ship the Victoria made it around the world.
• He named the Pacific Ocean because it was so peaceful.
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John Cabot• He was born in Italy. • He loved to watch sailors at
the docks and hear their stories.
• At age 16, he began studying sailing and mapping.
• He moved to England and got the King to support his exploration.
• He is important because his exploration for England gave England the right to the USA.
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Ponce de Leon• He went with Christopher
Columbus on his 2nd voyage in 1493. He stayed there and became the 1st European to live on the mainland of North America.
• He was looking for the “fountain of youth”
• He found Puerto Rico and became governor there.
• He also found Florida and named it "Pascua de Florida" (feast of flowers) after a Spanish Easter holiday because he found Florida on Easter!
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Hernando De Soto
• He Sailed for Spain• His time in the USA
was spent exploring Florida down to Mexico looking for gold.
• He did find the Mississippi River.
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Francisco Coronado
• He spent his time looking for the 7 cities of gold!
• He was considered a failure because he didn’t find gold.
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Vasco Nunez de Balboa
• Vasco Nunez de Balboa shipwrecked in the Bahamas on the island of Hispaniola.
• He tried to make a living farming but ended up owing a lot of money to people.
• He then hid in a barrel on a ship to escape.
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Amerigo Vespucci• Amerigo Vespucci• He wanted to find a
star above the South pole to help sailors navigate.
• He never found the star, but he did help map 3,300 miles of land in South America.
• America was named after him.
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Hernando Cortes• Hernando Cortes came
to Mexico.• The Aztecs thought he
might be a god since he was the 1st white person they had ever seen.
• Hernando Cortes conquered the Aztecs in 1519.
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Francisco Pizzarro
• He explored Peru.
• Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas and stole their gold and silver.