Age of Exploration Chapters 14 and 15. Cycle of Conquest and Colonization Explorers ...
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Transcript of Age of Exploration Chapters 14 and 15. Cycle of Conquest and Colonization Explorers ...
Cycle of Conquest and Colonization
Explorers
Conquistadores
Missionaries
Permanent Settlers
Official European Colony
What were the motives for European
Exploration God, Gold, and Glory!
1. Crusades
2. Renaissance
3. Reformation
4. New monarchs
5. Scientific Revolution
6. Fame and fortune
What technology was needed to complete
explorations? Better maps
Compass
Astrolabe
The Printing Press
Gunpowder
European Explorers
Prince Henry the Navigator- Portugal
School for Navigation- 1418
Sailed down the west coast of Africa
14 expeditions over 12 years
Went to Cape Bojador
Other Portuguese Explorers
Bartolommeo Dias- 1487
Vasco da Gama- 1498
Admiral Alfonso de Albuquerque
Dias and da Gama
Bartholomew Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa in 1488
Vasco da Gama went around Africa and went to the Indian Ocean. He lost half his ships on the way home from getting Asian spices
Christopher Columbus
1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue
Italian sailor from Genoa, convinced Spanish monarchs to finance his trip to India
Columbus thought that he arrived in Asia when he arrived in America
Issues with Columbus’ findings
Spain and Portugal claimed the islands that Columbus had explored on
Pope Alexander VI established the Line of Demarcation- divided the non-European world into two zones. Spain could explore and trade west of the line while Portugal could trade east.
2 years later with the Treaty of Tordesillas- the two nations agreed to move the line
Bartholomew de Las Casas
Went with Columbus on his second voyage
Criticized Columbus for the way he treated the Native Americans
Age of Conquest
Hernando Cortes: Conquered Aztecs
Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas
Why were they successful? Used armor, hordes, and powerful weapons
that the Native Americans did not have
Spanish found allies among Native American groups who hated being ruled by the Aztecs and Incas
Diseases brought by Europeans killed millions of native peoples
The Old Imperialism
The Spanish Empire: Conquered Aztec, Incan, and Mayan lands
in Central and South America
Had to compete with Portugal resulting in the Treaty of Tordesillas
Spanish set up the Encomienda System
Battle for North America
After Spain came to North America, other European powers came as well including: Dutch, English, and French.
They were looking for the Northwest Passage to Asia
French settled in Canada in 1600- originally named it New France. Had trading posts from Quebec to Louisiana
Battle for North America
English established their first permanent colony in North America in 1607.
English came for profit, to own their own land, seeking religious freedom
English monarch had control over the 13 colonies but each of the colonies had a self-government
Battle for North America
Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands clashed over territory
British defeated the French in the French and Indian War
France had to give up Canada to England
Triangular Trade and Mercantilism
Mercantilism is an economic system of Imperialism
Goal: nations sought a self-sufficient economy
Strategy created a favorable balance of trade where one country exported far more than it imported
Colonies exist to benefit the mother country
Triangular Trade
Involved Europe, Africa, and the Americas
Europeans came to view enslaved Africans as the most valuable African trade good
Europe began buying large numbers of Africans to satisfy the labor shortage on American plantations.
The Slave Trade
Developed as Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans
Between the 16th century and 19th century- about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas
The “Columbian Exchange”
The “Columbian Exchange”v Squash v Avocado v Peppers v Sweet Potatoes
v Turkey v Pumpkin v Tobacco v Quinine
v Cocoa v Pineapple
v Cassava v POTATO
v Peanut v TOMATO v Vanilla v MAIZE
v Syphilis
v Olive v COFFEE BEAN v Banana v Rice
v Onion v Turnip v Honeybee v Barley
v Grape v Peach v SUGAR CANE v Oats
v Citrus Fruits v Pear v Wheat v HORSE
v Cattle v Sheep v Pigs v Smallpox
v Flu v Typhus v Measles v Malaria
v Diptheria v Whooping Cough
vSlaves
v Trinkets
v Liquor
v GUNS
Overall impact of European Expansion
Slavery in the New World
Creation of Empires- Golden Age of Spain
Influx of gold and silver into Europe “Price Revolution”
New products introduced across the continents Columbian Exchange
Deepened rivalries between countries in Europe over their New World and Asian colonies