Explore how short and long term environmental changes ... · Those individuals are more likely to...
Transcript of Explore how short and long term environmental changes ... · Those individuals are more likely to...
8.11C – Explore how short and long term environmental changes affect organisms
and traits in subsequent populations, 8.11D recognize human dependence on
ocean systems and explain how human activities such as runoff, artificial reefs, or
use of these resources have modified these systems
On your page/white board, create this diagram.
Short Term Long Term
Now, think about events that happen in our world that might have an effect on an ecosystem.Come up with 2 short term and 2 long term, and be ready to share out.
Short Term –event/causes:
Long Term –event/causes
Venn Diagram - now let’s look at these:
Place these events in your diagram
1. Climate Change2. Drought3. Hurricane4. Floods5. Ice Age6. Volcanic eruptions7. Forest Fire
Venn Diagram Words - Answers
1. Climate Change-LT2. Drought- both3. Hurricane-ST4. Floods-ST5. Ice Age-LT6. Volcanic eruptions-LT7. Forest Fire- Both, depends on the
severity and effects on populations.
These events are occurring constantly on our planet - How do organisms change and evolve over time in response?
Adaptations Adaptations – are structures or
behaviors that increase an organism’s ability to survive in a given environment
Individual organisms live or die according to their inherited adaptations
Extinction occurs when species are unable to adapt to environmental changes
Environmental EventsNatural events and human impacts can
cause short term and long term changes in environmental conditions.
But what does this do to the living organisms WITHIN this ecosystem?
Environmental Events: Individual organisms live or die; only
species (populations) can adapt
Individual organisms with certain traits are more likely than others to survive and have offspring.
Changes in environmental conditions can affect the survival of individual organisms and thus, entire species.
Natural Selection (2 on this slide)
The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species
Interactions with the environment in future generations, those traits may not longer aid in survival.
Natural selection affects the survival of populations
Long term survival of a species is due to the concentration of favorable traits in offspring over generations due to the selection pressure of environmental conditions.
The Role of Genes in Natural Selection
Remember, only traits that are inherited can be acted upon by natural selection
Natural Selection (3 on this one)
Darwin observed that some variations make individuals better adapted to their environment
Those individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce
If their offspring inherit the trait, they will be more likely to survive and reproduce
After many generations, more members of the species will have the helpful trait
In effect, the environment has “selected” organisms with helpful traits to be the parents of the next generation
Natural genetic changes – one example: Geographic isolation – when some members of a
species become cut off from the rest of the species
A new species might form when a group of individuals remains separated from the rest of its species long enough to accumulate different traits
Geographic isolation may have occurred on a worldwide scale during continental drift
Remember Continental Drift? This was (and is) a NATURAL process
http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/antarctica/ideas/gondwana3.html
Environmental Changes Negative environmental events that are human
derived:
Pollution
Acid rain
Deforestation
Climate changes
Succession
The unfortunate truth Human caused changes are often too rapid for
evolutionary processes
Instead of evolving, organisms simply perish
Human activities that modify the ocean
Critical Ocean Issues:
Overfishing
Sea Temperature Rise
Marine Pollution
Ocean Acidification/Coral Bleaching
Marine Habitat Destruction
Sea Level Rise
Marine Invasive Species
Oil Spills
Why does it matter if we change the world?
Human impact can harm our world and it can be irreversible.
We are dependent on our planet in ways that we are often unaware of.
Video: Sylvia Earle – My Wish
On your notes page, write any thoughts or questions
from the video
Human Impact Investigations You will be given information for each one of these
four categories
Over-Fishing
Plastic Pollution
Oil Spills
Coral Bleaching
How to go through each section: Unit 5 – find this section, each button takes you to
another page within the website
Plastics in our Oceans There are
multiple steps to go through with written information, videos and infographics to help you understand the issues we face
Over-Fishing
Coral Bleaching
Oil Spills
HW for tonight – learn more about the problem…
Review an article about oil spills
Complete a modified version of Criterion D on an oil spill article
HW for tonight – read article and answer questions