EXPLAIN M03 - 1 Radio Network Planning Process

1 © NOKIA 6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0

RadioRadioNetwork Network Planning Planning ProcessProcess


Module objectives

DESCRIBE THE RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS

DESCRIBE THE MAJOR TASKS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS

DESCRIBE THE PLANNING TOOLS FOR DIFFERENT PHASES

DESCRIBE THE INPUT AND OUTPUT DOCUMENTS (DATA)

DESCRIBE THE PLANNING ENVIRONMENT

At the end of this module you will be able to …


Content of Planning Process

INTRODUCTION AND PRE-PLANNING

DETAILED PLANNING

POST-PLANNING

DOCUMENTATION

MEASUREMENTS


Planning Process


DETAILED PLANNING

POST-PLANNING

DOCUMENTATION

MEASUREMENTS


Network planning team

• data acquisition• site survey and selection• field measurement evaluation• NW design and analysis• transmission planning

Network design• number and configuration of BS• antenna systems specifications • BSS topology• dimensioning of transmission lines• frequency plan• network evolution strategy

Network performance• grade of service (blocking)• outage calculations• interference probabilities• quality observation

Customer requirements• coverage requirements• quality of service• recommended sites• subscriber forecasts

External information sources• topo- & morphological data• population data• bandwidth available• frequency co-ordination• constraints

Interactions with• external subcontractors• site hunting teams• measurement teams• Operator• switch planning engineers

Network Planning Scope


CoveragePlanning andSite Selection

ParameterPlanning

PropagationmeasurementsCoverageprediction

SiteacquisitionCoverageoptimization

External Interference Analysis

NetworkConfigurationandDimensioning

PRE-PLANNING

DETAILED PLANNING

Traffic distributionService distributionAllowed blocking/queuingSystem features

IdentificationAdaptation

Area / Cellspecific

Handoverstrategies

Maximumnetworkloading

Other RRM

NetworkOptimization

POST-PLANNING

Surveymeasurements

Statisticalperformanceanalysis

QualityEfficiencyAvailability

Capacity Requirements

Requirementsand strategyfor coverage,quality andcapacity,

per service

Network Planning Process General


external inputs:(traffic, subs. forecast,

coverage requirements...)

Initial NW dimensioningTRX, cells, sites

bandwidth neededNW topology

suggestions forsite locations

cell parameterscoverage achieved

coverage predictionsignal strength

multipath propagation

Sitepre-validation

site accepted ?planningcriteria fulfilled?

go tofrequency planning

nominal cell plan

site inspectionreal cell plan

field measurements

N

N

N

create celldata for

BSCfield measurements

Network Planning Process Roll-out


Network Planning Process Site Building

issue search area & requirements

find suitable site candidates

calculate coverage range of each candidate

propagation measurements needed ?

transmission links available? sign contract

with site owner

get building permit

construction work

installing & testing

on air!


Network Planning Process Site Acquisition

radio planner

fixed networkplanner

measurementteams

architect

network operator

site acquisitionagent site owner


Pre-planning: DimensioningKey Quantities

• Key quantities for radio network dimensioning (EXCEL tool)• # of BS needed for coverage reasons• # of BS needed for capacity reasons• Outage probabilities/percentages• Frequency re-use rate (vs. interference)• Bandwidth used

• Design goals are inter-dependant• Network can only be optimised with respect to one single aspect

Design goals to be applied must be clearly agreed with customer!


Pre-planning: DimensioningTarget

AMOUNT OF TRAFFIC

NUMBER OF BASE STATIONS (CAPACITY)

ANTENNA HEIGHT (CAP. & COV.)

FREQUENCY BAND AND REUSE-

PROPAGATION PREDICTIONS

ANTENNA HEIGHT FOR PLANNING AREAMAXIMUM ANTENNA HEIGHT

NUMBER OF BASE STATIONS FORPLANNING AREA (CAPACITY OR COVERAGE LIMITED)

PROPAGATION PREDICTION

Antenna height?


Pre-planning: DimensioningLimiting factors

• Before T0, the network is coverage limited

• After T0, the network is capacity limited

• The other constraint is automatically fulfilled

# of BS

time

coverage

capacity

T0

At the very beginning, just the coverage planning is needed


Pre-planning: DimensioningNetwork Expansion

• When the network is coverage limited, the expansion consists of:• Adding new sites in not already covered areas

• When the network is capacity limited, the expansion consists of:• Adding TRX’s; • Adding new sites in already covered areas; • Adding software capacity...


Dimensioning Input DataPreliminary Questions

• Main purpose of the network?• 1st operator in country ⇒ plain coverage?• 2nd operator ⇒ competitive pricing?• 3rd operator ⇒ replacing wire line phones?

• Roamer volumes expected?• Where?

• Neighbouring countries• Existing international regulations?

• Use of microwave links for transmission?

Each network philosophy calls for a different planning approach


Dimensioning Input DataMorpho data

Maps• Main cities• Important roads• Location of mountain ranges• Inhabited area• Shore lines

Local knowledge• City skylines• Typical architecture• Structure of city• Local habits


Dimensioning Input DataDemographic Data

Statistical yearbook• Largest towns, cities• Population distribution• Where are expected customers?

Local knowledge• Population migration routes• Commuting traffic volumes• Subscriber concentration points

2 mill.pop.

300 000 pop.

400 000 pop.

400 000 pop.

250 000 pop.


• Roll-out phases & time schedules

• Coverage level requirements

• Indoor coverage areas

• MS classes to plan for

• Operator´s cell deployment strategies

• Omni-cells in rural areas?• 3-sector cells in urban areas?• Minimum of 2 TRX per cell?

phase 1NW launch

rolloutphase 2

rolloutphase 3

Dimensioning Input DataCoverage Requirements


Exercise: Network Dimensioning

• High capacity area of 5 km2

• Coverage planning ⇒ 2 x 3-sector sites and 2 x 2-sector sites required

• Macrocell environment (antennas @ 25 m) => in macrocell environment safe re-use is 15

• Traffic need estimate 100 Erl/busy hour over the planning area

• Operator frequency band 6 MHz

• Blocking target 1 %

• Q: Can the network offer the required capacity?

• • •

• BTS1

BTS2

BTS4

BTS3


Planning Process


DETAILED PLANNING

POST-PLANNING

DOCUMENTATION

MEASUREMENTS


Detailed Planning• Configuration planning

• PBGT calculations (EXCEL tool)• BTS and antenna line equipment

• Coverage planning / Site selection• Coverage thresholds (NetAct Planner)• Coverage predictions (NetAct Planner)

• Prediction model tuning (NetAct Planner))• Propagation slope measurements (TOM/Nemo)• Antenna directions (NetAct Planner)

• Capacity planning• CS, PS traffic (NetAct Planner)• Signaling needs (NetAct Planner)

• Frequency planning• Reuse factor and C/I requirements (NetAct Planner)

• Parameter planning (BSSPAR course)• BSC, BTS, TRX, TSL parameters (NMS/NetAct)

dt

12 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 130

2

4

6

8The cell load

Time / hours

Num

ber o

f res

erve

d tim

eslo

ts

.

RD


Configuration Planning

• Configuration planning

• PBGT calculations• DL: TX power, combiner, booster, duplexer,

diplexer, cable, power amplifier, antenna• UL: antenna, diversity, LNA, cable, diplexer,

duplexer, RX sensitivity • BTS type (macro/micro, outdoor/indoor, GSM/EDGE/3G)• SW features (FH, IFH, ...)


Coverage Planning

• Coverage thresholds• DL Path loss: TX power (max.) - RX power (min.) - margins • BTS type (macro/micro, outdoor/indoor, GSM/EDGE/3G)• SW features (FH, IFH, ...)

• Coverage predictions• Prediction model (Okumura-Hata)• BTS-MS distance (max.) = cell range = coverage

• Site selection (documentation)• Antenna height, location (x,y), direction • BTS location => cable length• PWR, TRS!!!


Radio criteria

• Good view in main beam direction

• No surrounding high obstacles

• Good visibility of terrain

• Room for antenna mounting

• LOS to next microwave site

• Short cabling distances

Non-radio criteria

• Space for equipment

• Availability of leased lines or microwave link

• Power supply

• Access restrictions?

• House owner

• Rental costs

Site SelectionCriteria


Site SelectionGeneral Considerations

• Proper site location determines usefulness of its cells

• Sites are expensive

• Sites are long-term investments

• Site acquisition is a slow process

• Hundreds of sites needed per network

Base station site is a valuablelong-term asset for the operator


wanted cellboundary

uncontrolled, stronginterferences

interleaved coverage areas:weak own signal, strong foreign signal

• Avoid hill-top locations for BS sites• Uncontrolled interferences• Interleaved coverage• Awkward HO behaviours• But: good location for microwave links!

Site SelectionBad Site Location


wanted cellboundary

• Prefer sites off the hill-tops• Use hills to separate cells• Contiguous coverage area• Needs only low antenna heights if sites are slightly elevated above

valley bottom

Site SelectionGood Site Location


Collect all necessary information about site details• Site coordinates, height above sea level, exact address• House owner• Type of building• Building materials (photo)• Possible antenna heights• 360deg photo (clearance view)• Neighbourhood, surrounding environment• Drawing sketch of rooftop• Antenna mounting conditions• Access possibilities (truck?, road, roof)• BS location, approx. feeder lengths

Site SelectionSite Info


Site Selection & Site Survey Tools

• Map

• (D)GPS

• (Test) mobile

• Digital camera

• Binoculars

• Compass

• Clinometers and tape measure

• LOS checking tools: lights, mirrors, flags, balloons


Capacity Planning

• Capacity planning• TRXs/cell• TRX layer purposes

• BCCH, GPRS, ...• TSL reservations for

• signaling, HSCSD, GPRS, ...• Signaling needs

• SDCCH, PCH, AGCH, ...• Special SW features for TCH

• FH, extended cell, ...• Special SW features for signaling

• dynamic SDCCH, ...

dt

12 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 130

2

4

6

8The cell load

Time / hours

Num

ber o

f res

erve

d tim

eslo

ts

.


Frequency Planning

• Frequency planning• Reuse factor for speech and data (GPRS)• C/I requirements for BCCH/TCH TRX• Special requirements for intermodulation• Interference probability targets• Frequency band splitting needs• Automatic frequency planning (AFP)

• interference matrix• measurements • calculation areas

R

D


Parameter Planning• Parameter planning (BSSPAR course)

• BSC level parameters • BTS level parameters • TRX level parameters • TSL level parameters

• Signaling related parameters• RRM related parameters• MM related parameters• Measurement related parameters• Handover related parameters• Power control related parameters• Other SW feature related parameters

• HSCSD, GPRS• Extended cell• Dual band, Half rate, IUO/IFH


Planning Process


DETAILED PLANNING

POST-PLANNING

DOCUMENTATION

MEASUREMENTS


Post - Planning• Verification or pre-optimisation

• Coverage tests (TOM/Nemo)• Call setups• Handover tests

• Monitoring (RANOP course)• KPI values (Traffica)

• Drop call rates• Blocking percentages• Handover success rates• Traffic in Erlangs

• Optimisation (RANOP course)• KPI values• Plan audit (configurations, ...)• Counters (Network doctor)• Observations (DX causes)• IMSI tracing

•BTS•HOC•POC

•BTS•HOC•POC

•BTS•HOC•POC

ADCEADCE

ADCE

MS BTS BSC

CH. REQUEST (RACH)IMMEDIATE ASSIGN(AGCH)

SERVICE REQUEST (SDCCH)

Phase 1 : Paging, initial MS

AUTHENTICATION (SDCCH) Phase 2 : MM signalling

CIPHERING MODE (SDCCH) Phase 8 : Ciphering

TMSI REALLOCATION (SDCCH)

SETUP (SDCCH) Phase 2 : MM signalling

CH.RELEASE Phase 4 : Release ALERTING & CONNECT (FACCH) Phase 2 : MM signalling

CONN. ACK. and MEASUREMENT Phase 15 : ConversationDISCONNECT & RELEASE (FACCH)

Phase 4 : Release

ASSIGNMENT (SDCCH-FACCH)Phase 3 : Basic assignment

DX-cause


Planning Process


DETAILED PLANNING

POST-PLANNING

DOCUMENTATION

MEASUREMENTS


Site Selection / Site Survey Documentation

• SARFSite Acquisition Request Form

• SIR/SARSite Information (Acquisition) Report

• TSS reportTechnical Site Survey Report

• TDRSTechnical Data for Radiating System

• ...


Radio Network Plan Output Documentation

• SITE FOLDER

• BTS configuration

• Antenna line configuration

• PARAMETER SET

• BTS ID, Frequency, NCC, BCC, LAC, neighbours

• Default parameters

• MONITORING REPORTS

• Traffic history (TCH, signaling)

• KPI values (DCR, blocking, ...)


Planning Process

PRE-PLANNING

DETAILED PLANNING

POST-PLANNING

DOCUMENTATION

MEASUREMENTS


Measurements Types

• Propagation measurements• Check coverage area of site,

propagation model tuning• Site candidate evaluations• Test transmitter, mast antenna• CW- signal

• Functional test• After commissioning of site• Coverage audit• Parameter checking (HO, power control ...)

• Performance measurements• Drive tests• Real network under live conditions • The user´s view

detailed planning

pre-optimisation phase “dry run”

commercial phase


Measurements Choice of Routes

• Propagation measurements• Stay within coverage area of cell

• Functional tests• Radial from site into neighbouring cells• Check handovers in & out of cell

• Performance measurements• Define a random route once• Drive repeatedly

(comparable results !)


Measurements Results

• Propagation measurements• Signal averaging• Lee´s criterium: min. 50 samples per 40 λ• Estimate accuracy of prediction

• database resolution• correct information

• Functional tests• Identify incorrect parameter settings• Check missing HO relations

• Performance measurements• Detect misbehaviour of network• Calculate call success rate• Key performance indicators• Evaluate network behaviour under nominal conditions


Exercises / Questions

List the planning process phases!

List the major tasks in the planning process!

List the tools needed in the planning process!

List the details that have to be documented!


References

1. W.C.Y. Lee, “Mobile Communications Design Fundamentals,” John Wiley & Sons, 1993.

2. W.C.Y. Lee, “Mobile Cellular Telecommunication Systems,” McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1990.

3. J. Lempiäinen, M. Manninen, ”Radio Interface System Planningfor GSM/GPRS/UMTS,” Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001.

EXPLAIN M03 - 1 Radio Network Planning Process

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