Experimental Diesel Particulate Filter Capabilities at PNNL€¦ · z 600 ft-lb hydro-mechanical z...
Transcript of Experimental Diesel Particulate Filter Capabilities at PNNL€¦ · z 600 ft-lb hydro-mechanical z...
Experimental Diesel Particulate FilterCapabilities
at PNNL
Experimental Diesel Particulate FilterExperimental Diesel Particulate FilterCapabilitiesCapabilities
at PNNLat PNNL
Technical Session: Emission Control Technologies
Detroit, August 24, 2006
Tom Gallant Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
2
Exhaust Emissions Science LaboratoryExhaust Emissions Science LaboratoryExhaust Emissions Science Laboratory
The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's(PNNL) Exhaust Emissions Science Laboratory(EESL) is a research center intended to supportthe mission of DOE's Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technology .
The principal activities conducted are: z Probing and understanding performance-limiting
nanometer to micrometer scale phenomena inaftertreatment devices;
z Experimentation and modeling focused onmicroscale aspects of emissions reduction technology;
z The use of unique analytical observatories to characterize each emissions phenomenon.
PNNL models the fundamentals to make the industry/academic led DPF models morerobust.
3
AcknowledgmentsPrincipal Contributors
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgmentsPrincipal ContributorsPrincipal Contributors
PNNL - Micro-modelingProject z Heather Dillon z Gary Maupin z Tim Peters z Mark Steward z Nat Saenz z George Muntean
DOE - CLEERS Team Members
Dow Automotive CRADA z Cheng Li z Frank Mao z Alek Pyzik
Delphi z Tom Harris
4
Dyno Test CapabilitiesDyno Test Capabilities4kW Diesel Generator Set 2.4L Quad-4 gas engine Cummins ISB Diesel VW Jetta TDI on a chassis dyno Two engine dynamometerstands. z 600 ft-lb hydro-mechanical z 400 ft-lb eddy-current
Chassis dyno – 150 HP continuous duty Complete control systems z Programmed test profiles z Steady-state and transient z Data acquisition system
Heated wet or dry exhaustsample transfer lines
Engines are used to generate ‘real’ soot under various duty cycles and fuels.
5
Aerosol Characterization CapabilitiesAerosol Characterization Capabilities
ELPI and SMPS with particle sizedetection down to 10 nm PTR-MS (HC analysis) SPLAT-MS (Particle analysis)
PTR-MS
SPLAT-MS
6
DPF Fundamentals Focus Areas
DPF FundamentalsDPF FundamentalsFocus AreasFocus Areas
Pressure Drop RegenerationFiltration Efficiency
MicroMicro--modelingmodeling Validation RequirementsValidation Requirements
DPF
7
Bypass
Pressure and
Temperature
Bypass valve
Particulate Measurement
System
Single Channel Configuration replaces full DPF
DPF
Exhaust in
Exhaust out
Experimental Set Upfor Micro-modeling Validation
Experimental Set UpExperimental Set Upfor Microfor Micro--modeling Validationmodeling Validation
Exhaust gases are drawn through the single channel filter using a vacuum pump
8
Single Channel FilterVehicle Exhaust Assembly
Single Channel FilterSingle Channel FilterVehicle Exhaust AssemblyVehicle Exhaust Assembly
Single Channel Filter (SCF) cut from DPF
SCF attached to S.S tubing.
Clean SCF Soot coated SCF
SCF assemble inserted in S.S exhaust elbow
SCF assemble enclosed in S.S exhaust pipe.
SCF
9
Micro-modelingValidation Experiments
MicroMicro--modelingmodelingValidation ExperimentsValidation Experiments
Document Soot Deposition z Macro z SEM
Measure Pressure drop z Wall Flow z Soot Cake Structure
HTML photo
Deep bed soot
Initial deep bed soot deposition
Initial soot cake layer
10
Complex Substrate Structurese.g., DOW ACM
Complex Substrate StructuresComplex Substrate Structurese.g., DOW ACMe.g., DOW ACM
Soot Deposition Deep Bed and Soot Cake is not well defined
Pressure Drop In addition to wall porosity and soot cake structure, surface roughness becomes a significant factor
DOW ACM DPFDOW ACM DPFDOW ACM DPFAudi R10 Racing CarAudi R10 Racing CarAudi R10 Racing Car
There are no visual signs that a diesel power unit is at work in the back of the R10. It goes without saying that the V12 TDI is equipped with a pair of diesel particle filters for the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
11
12
Filtration Characteristics Substrate Structure
Filtration CharacteristicsFiltration CharacteristicsSubstrate StructureSubstrate Structure
ELPI results indicate the structure has an effect on particle distribution exiting the filter.
13
Quartz Window
Quartz Window
IR camera
Optical Camera
RegenerationReal Time IR / Optical Camera
RegenerationRegenerationReal Time IR / Optical CameraReal Time IR / Optical Camera
14
IR / Optical Access for Soot OxidationStudies
IR / Optical Access for Soot OxidationIR / Optical Access for Soot OxidationStudiesStudies
15
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Time (sec)
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
Bkgrnd Filter
0.5 liter / min 1.0 liter / min
Regeneration - IR camerRegenerationRegeneration -- IR cameraIR camera
16
Quartz Window
Quartz Window
IR camera
Optical Camera
Regeneration Systemusing Dual SCF Configuration
Regeneration SystemRegeneration Systemusing Dual SCF Configurationusing Dual SCF Configuration
Dual SCF system allows for comparison of 2 catalyst technologies or a reference SCF.
17
Regeneration IR cameraDual System
Regeneration IR cameraRegeneration IR cameraDual SystemDual System
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Time (sec)
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
Noncat. Cat.
dT = 211 - 290 C
dT = 256 - 355 C
dT = 361 - 429 C
277 C
281 C
264 C
267 C
418 C 404 C
423 C 406 C
395 C
395 C401 C
384 C
dT = 211 - 290 C
Exhaust Flow
20 ft-lb 95 ft-lbs
IR filter change
Upper image - Noncatalyst Lower image - catalyst
Flow rate increasing
18
Infra Analysis of Soot Oxidationof full Brick
Infra Analysis of Soot OxidationInfra Analysis of Soot Oxidationof full Brickof full Brick
Variations in radial and axial soot deposition makes it difficult to support LB modeling of oxidation reactions
19
Future RegenerationReactor Studies
Future RegenerationFuture RegenerationReactor StudiesReactor Studies
20
Single Channel Filter ReactorSingle Channel Filter ReactorSingle Channel Filter Reactor
21
SummarySummarySummary
Single channel filter can provide a simplemechanism for understanding fundamental processes. IR camera combined with traditional pressure drop/ ELPI measurements can provide insight intosubstrate structure.