Experiment 4

TOTAL SOLID

Settleable solids

Imhoff cone SamplesMicrowave (at103C - 105C) Total solids

(TS)

Fibre glass filter ( ≤ 2.0m)

Drying Oven (at103C - 105C)

Drying Oven (at180C ±2C)

Dissolved Solid

Suspended solids (SS)

Dissolved solids (DS)

Muffle furnace (at

500C 50C)

Muffle furnace (at

500C 50C)

Volatile suspended

solids (VSS)

Total solids (TS)

Volatile dissolved solids

(VDS)

Fixed dissolved solids (FDS)

Total volatile solids TVS = VSS

+ VDS

Total fixed solidsTFS = FSS + FDS

Fixed suspended solids (FSS)

Filter paper

EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIAL

i. Porcelain evaporating dishes (100 ml)

ii. Muffle furnace for operating at 500C 50Ciii. Desicator

v. Drying oven (105C and 180C)

vi. Analytical balance

vii. Pipet

x. Beaker

xi. Tweezer/forceps and tongs

xii. Filtration unit

Procedure

2. Total Suspended Solid Determination

3. Total Dissolved Solid Determination

4. Total Volatile Solid Determination

1. Total Solid Determination

1. Total Solid Determination

10 ml sample

Drying Oven (105C)

1 hour or until the sample is

TOTALLY dried

2. Total Suspended Solid Determination

Sample (5-10 ml)

Wet the filter with a small volume of reagent-grade water to seat it. Minimize the contact of sample to glass funnel surface.

Rinse all filtration unit/apparatus

using distilled water

Rinse with small amount of distilled water after filtering

Drying Oven (105C)

1 hour

Furnace (180C)

Evaporating dish

3. Total Dissolved Solid Determination

1 hour or until the sample is

TOTALLY dried

4. Total Volatile Solid Determination

2.Total Suspended Solid Determination 3. Total Dissolved Solid Determination

Furnace (500C)1 hour

• Heated samples and beakers, or weighing dish, are cooled in a desiccator to prevent the sample or beaker from gathering moisture as it cools. • If a sample is allowed to cool in the open air of the laboratory, it will absorb water from the air. • This added water weight will give an incorrect measurement. • Weighing the sample while it is hot also will cause inaccurate measurements because as the sample cools, the weight fluctuates.