t

s

r

r

w coat

big

large

eat

eye

i

Program overview OV-4

NouNs

1 Singular Nouns and Plural Nouns 1

2 More Singular Nouns and Plural Nouns 2

3 Concrete Nouns and Abstract Nouns 3

4 More Concrete Nouns and Abstract Nouns 4

5 Nouns Used as Subjects 5

6 Nouns Used as Subject Complements 6

7 Nouns Used as Direct Objects 7

8 Nouns Used as Indirect Objects 8

9 Nouns Used as Objects of Prepositions 9

10 Possessive Nouns 10

11 More Possessive Nouns 11

12 Nouns Showing Separate and Joint Possession 12

13 Appositives 13

14 More Appositives 14

15 Words Used as Nouns and as Verbs 15

16 Words Used as Nouns and as Adjectives 16

17 Reviewing Nouns 17

ProNouNs

18 Personal Pronouns 19

19 Number and Gender of Pronouns 20

20 Agreement of Pronouns and Antecedents 21

21 Intensive Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns 22

22 Pronouns as Subjects 23

23 Pronouns as Subject Complements 24

24 Pronouns as Direct Objects 25

25 Pronouns as Indirect Objects 26

26 Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions 27

27 Possessive Pronouns 28

28 Possessive Adjectives 29

29 Possessive Adjectives and Contractions 30

30 More Contractions 31

31 Demonstrative Pronouns 32

32 Interrogative Pronouns 33

33 Indefinite Pronouns 34

34 Verbs with Indefinite Pronouns 35

35 Indefinite Pronouns and Double Negatives 36

36 Reviewing Pronouns 37

adjectives

37 Descriptive Adjectives 39

38 More Descriptive Adjectives 40

39 Definite and Indefinite Articles 41

40 Numerical Adjectives 42

41 Adjectives as Subject Complements 43

42 Position of Adjectives 44

43 Comparative and Superlative Adjectives 45

44 More Comparative and Superlative Adjectives 46

45 Little, Less, Least and Few, Fewer, Fewest 47

46 Demonstrative Adjectives 48

47 Those and Them 49

48 Interrogative Adjectives 50

49 Indefinite Adjectives 51

50 Adjective Phrases 52

51 Reviewing Adjectives 53

contents

ov-1

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

En

glis

h Le

vel F

Contents

y

t

w

k

answer

little

with

circle

long

to

verbs

52 Principal Parts of Verbs, Verb Phrases 55

53 More Verb Phrases 56

54 Regular and Irregular Verbs 57

55 Lie, Lay and Sit, Set 58

56 Rise, Raise; Let, Leave; and Teach, Learn 59

57 Transitive Verbs 60

58 Intransitive Verbs 61

59 Verbs That Can Be Transitive or Intransitive 62

60 Linking Verbs 63

61 Reviewing Transitive, Intransitive, and Linking Verbs 64

62 Simple Tenses 65

63 Progressive Tenses 66

64 Perfect Tenses 67

65 More Perfect Tenses 68

66 Reviewing Tenses 69

67 Subject-Verb Agreement 70

68 More Subject-Verb Agreement 71

69 Doesn’t and Don’t; You as the Subject 72

70 Agreement with Compound Subjects Connected by And 73

71 Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns 74

72 Agreement with Special Nouns 75

73 Reviewing Subject-Verb Agreement 76

74 Active and Passive Voice 77

75 Indicative Mood 78

76 Emphatic Form of the Indicative Mood 79

77 Imperative Mood 80

78 Subjunctive Mood 81

79 Modal Auxiliaries 82

80 Reviewing Verbs 83

adverbs

81 Adverbs of Time 85

82 Adverbs of Place 86

83 Adverbs of Manner 87

84 Adverbs of Degree 88

85 Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation 89

86 Comparative and Superlative Adverbs 90

87 More Comparative and Superlative Adverbs 91

88 Adverbs and Adjectives 92

89 Negative Words 93

90 Adverb Phrases and Clauses 94

91 Reviewing Adverbs 95

seNteNces

92 Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates 97

93 Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates 98

94 Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates 99

95 Natural and Inverted Order 100

96 More Natural and Inverted Order 101

97 Declarative Sentences and Interrogative Sentences 102

98 Imperative Sentences and Exclamatory Sentences 103

99 The Four Kinds of Sentences 104

100 Simple Sentences 105

101 Compound Sentences 106

102 More Compound Sentences 107

103 Reviewing Simple and Compound Sentences 108

104 Prepositions 109

105 Prepositional Phrases 110

106 At and To, Between and Among 111

ov-2

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

En

glis

h Le

vel F

Exercises in English • Level F

t

s

r

r

w coat

big

large

eat

eye

i

107 Beside and Besides, In and Into 112

108 Prepositions and Adverbs 113

109 Adjective Phrases 114

110 More Adjective Phrases 115

111 Adverb Phrases 116

112 More Adverb Phrases 117

113 Complex Sentences, Adverb Clauses 118

114 Reviewing Sentences 119

coNjuNctioNs, iNterjectioNs, PuNctuatioN & caPitaLizatioN

115 Conjunctions Connecting Words 121

116 Conjunctions Connecting Prepositional Phrases 122

117 Conjunctions Connecting Clauses 123

118 Reviewing Conjunctions 124

119 Interjections 125

120 Parts of Speech—Part I 126

121 Parts of Speech—Part II 127

122 Periods 128

123 Commas in Series, Dates, and Addresses 129

124 Commas in Letters and with Appositives 130

125 Commas with Quotations 131

126 Commas in Compound Sentences 132

127 Reviewing Commas 133

128 Exclamation Points and Question Marks 134

129 Semicolons 135

130 Colons 136

131 Quotation Marks 137

132 Apostrophes 138

133 Hyphens 139

134 Capital Letters 140

135 Reviewing Punctuation and Capitalization 141

diagrammiNg

136 Subjects and Predicates 143

137 Direct Objects and Indirect Objects 145

138 Subject Complements 147

139 Appositives 149

140 Intensive Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns 151

141 Prepositional Phrases 153

142 Compound Sentence Parts 155

143 Compound Sentences 157

144 Interjections 159

145 Adverb Clauses 161

146 Diagramming Review 163

HaNdbook oF terms 165

scoPe aNd sequeNce T-177

ov-3

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

En

glis

h Le

vel F

Contents

t

s

r

r

w sour

big

large

eat

loud

i

1  Singular Nouns and Plural NounsA noun is a name word. A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea. A plural noun names more than one person, place, thing, or idea. Add -s to form the plurals of most nouns. Add -es to form the plurals of most nouns ending in s, x, z, ch, or sh. Some plural nouns are not formed by adding -s or -es. Check a dictionary if you are not sure of a plural form.

Singular Plural Singular Pluralboat boats fox foxesman men fish fish

Writethepluralformofeachword.

  1.  batch    11.  computer 

  2.  cow    12.  compass 

  3.  moose    13.  house 

  4.  bush    14.  trout 

  5.  tooth    15.  series 

  6.  princess    16.  ox 

  7.  foot    17.  rabbit 

  8.  ditch    18.  mouse 

  9.  woman    19.  book 

  10.  mile    20.  tax 

Completeeachsentencewiththepluralformofthenoun.

piece  1.  Pack both   of watermelon in the cooler.

child  2.  Many   begin their education in preschool.

box  3.  How many moving   did your family buy?

sheep  4.  We saw six   at the fair.

refugee  5.  The   fled to a neighboring country.

A

B

Nouns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

1

y

t

w

k

answer

little

with

circle

long

to

2  More Singular Nouns and Plural NounsIf a noun ends in y preceded by a vowel, form the plural by adding -s. If a noun ends in y preceded by a consonant, change the y to i and add -es.

Singular Plural Singular Pluralvalley valleys colony colonies

If a noun ends in o preceded by a vowel, form the plural by adding -s. If a noun ends in o preceded by a consonant, form the plural by adding -es. There are exceptions to this rule, so consult a dictionary to be sure.

Singular Plural Singular Pluralradio radios tomato tomatoesvideo videos taco tacos

For most nouns ending in f or fe, form the plurals by adding -s. For some nouns ending in f or fe, change the f or fe to ves. Check a dictionary if necessary.

Singular Plural Singular Pluralroof roofs leaf leaves

Completeeachsentencewiththepluralformofthenoun.

inventor  1.  Thomas Edison is one of America’s most  important   .

life  2.  His inventions changed people’s   .

assistant  3.  Edison had a team of   .

supply  4.  He provided the   they needed to work.

movie  5.  Edison invented the cameras, film, and projectors that made  possible.

battery  6.  He also developed a better way to make   .

factory  7.  Edison designed and built many kinds of   .

torpedo  8.  During World War I, he helped the U.S. military forces build  .

key  9.  One of the   to Edison’s success was reading. Before he began a project, he read a lot about the subject.

day  10.  Three   after Edison died, much of America dimmed its lights for one minute in his honor.

Thomas Edison always read as much as he could before he started a new project. Give an example of a way you can use reading to help yourself.

Nou

ns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

2

t

s

r

r

w coat

big

large

eat

eye

i

3  Concrete Nouns and Abstract NounsA concrete noun names a thing that can be seen or touched.

The greek temple is at the top of a mountain.

An abstract noun expresses a quality or a condition. It names something that cannot be seen or touched. Abstract nouns can be formed from other words by adding suffixes such as -dom, -hood, -ion, -tion, -ity, -ment, -ness, -ry, -ship, -th, and -ty.

Democracy had its origin in ancient greece.

Underlinetheconcretenounsineachsentence.Circletheabstractnouns.

  1.  People in ancient times had differing values and beliefs.

  2.  Some Greek kingdoms valued toughness and discipline.

  3.  All authority in these governments was held by the king.

  4.  The army was extremely important in keeping order.

  5.  Slaves and peasants farmed the land and had few rights.

  6.  Other Greek societies believed in freedom and democracy.

  7.  They valued truth, beauty, and order.

  8.  Their citizens erected beautiful buildings and statues.

  9.  Plato, a Greek philosopher, wrote about democratic principles.

  10.  His most famous book is The Republic.

Writeanabstractnounforeachwordbyaddingasuffix.

  1.  good    6.  leader 

  2.  brave    7.  entertain 

  3.  friend    8.  appreciate 

  4.  king    9.  accomplish 

  5.  grow    10.  honest 

A

B

Nouns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

3

y

t

w

k

answer

little

with

circle

long

to

4   More Concrete Nouns and Abstract Nouns

A concrete noun names a thing that can be seen or touched. An abstract noun expresses a quality or a condition. It names something that cannot be seen or touched.

Circleeachconcretenoun.Underlineeachabstractnoun.

  1.  The ancient Aztecs valued beauty and nature.

  2.  Farmers in the highlands used their skill to grow corn.

  3.  They traded their crops for things from the lowlands.

  4.  Artisans took pleasure in making jewelry.

  5.  Potters put thought into the clay jars they made.

  6.  The Aztecs did not have an alphabet for written communication.

  7.  They used pictographs to write stories.

  8.  The Aztecs studied the sun, the moon, and the stars.

  9.  They showed great ability in developing a calendar based on these bodies.

  10.  Their wisdom helped complete a calendar that had 365 days in a year.

  11.  The people used their creativity to plant gardens on islands made of mud.

  12.  Through education, they learned to plant trees to hold the soil together.

  13.  The Aztecs built magnificent temples in honor of their gods.

  14.  The temples were in the shape of pyramids.

  15.  People today show admiration and appreciation for these accomplishments.

Completeeachsentencewithanoun.WriteCifitisaconcretenounorAifitisanabstractnoun.

    1.  Farmers in my state raise   .

    2.  A factory near here manufactures   .

    3.  I often buy   at the supermarket.

    4.  I wish I had the   to bake my own bread.

    5.  I like to eat   .

A

B

Nou

ns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

4

t

s

r

r

w coat

big

large

eat

eye

i

5  Nouns Used as SubjectsA noun can be the subject of a verb. The subject tells what the sentence is about.

The Trojan War, fought by two ancient city-states, is the subject of a famous legend.

During the war, greek soldiers from Sparta attacked Troy.

Underlinethesubjectineachsentence.

  1.  Menelaus was the king of Sparta.

  2.  His wife’s name was Helen.

  3.  His wife fell in love with a prince from Troy and followed him there.

  4.  According to legend, the Greeks started a war against Troy.

  5.  The war lasted more than 11 years.

  6.  Finally, a Greek soldier suggested a tactic.

  7.  His plan was to build a large wooden statue of a horse. 

  8.  Greek soldiers hid inside the horse.

  9.  The Greek army left the horse near the gates of Troy and sailed away.

  10.  The people found the statue and took it into the city.

  11.  A woman of Troy tried to warn the people about the statue.

  12.  Cassandra’s warnings were ignored.

  13.  The ships carrying the Greeks returned that night.

  14.  The troops inside the horse emerged and opened the city gates.

  15.  Troy lost the war because of this surprise attack by the Greeks.

Useeachnounasthesubjectofasentence.

  1.  Greece 

  2.  Troy 

  3.  legend 

  4.  Cassandra 

  5.  the Trojan horse 

A

B

Nouns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

5

y

t

w

k

answer

little

with

circle

long

to

6  Nouns Used as Subject ComplementsA noun can be used as a subject complement. A subject complement is a noun that completes the meaning of a linking verb in a sentence. It renames the subject. The most common linking verbs are forms of the verb be (is, am, are, was, were, and so on).

Japan is a country in asia. (country = Japan)

Underlineeachsubjectcomplement.

  1.  Japan is a country of islands.

  2.  Korea, China, and Russia are the nearest neighbors of Japan.

  3.  The capital of Japan is Tokyo.

  4.  Tokyo is a large, densely populated city.

  5.  The official language of the country is Japanese.

  6.  In the Japanese language, the name of the country is not Japan.

  7.  The name in Japanese is Nippon.

  8.  Of Japan’s four major islands, the biggest is Honshu.

  9.  Many of the Japanese people are farmers and fishermen.

  10.  Rice is an important crop in Japan.

  11.  Fish, both fresh and canned, is an important product.

  12.  Japan, however, is not primarily an agricultural country.

  13.  Japan is a major industrial country.

  14.  It is a notable producer of cars, electronics, and machines.

  15.  In fact, Japan is a major economic power.

Circlethesubjectineachsentence.Underlinethesubjectcomplement.

  1.  Japan is a mountainous country.

  2.  Some of its mountains are volcanoes.

  3.  The most famous volcano in Japan is Mount Fuji.

  4.  This mountain is the subject of many works of art.

  5.  A climb to the top of Mount Fuji is an important goal of many Japanese.

A

B

Nou

ns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

6

t

s

r

r

w coat

big

large

eat

eye

i

7  Nouns Used as Direct ObjectsA noun can be used as the direct object of a verb. A direct object answers the question whom or what after an action verb.

Verb DireCT ObJeCT Verb DireCT ObJeCT

britain acquired Hong Kong in the 1800s. it ruled the colony until 1997.

Circlethedirectobject(s)ineachsentence.Theverbsareitalicized.

  1.  Hong Kong includes some 200 islands off the south coast of China.

  2.  Britain leased this territory from China in 1898.

  3.  Hong Kong reclaimed land from the sea to gain more space.

  4.  Hong Kong traded goods with the rest of China until 1949.

  5.  At that time Britain forbade trade with Communist China.

  6.  Since the 1960s Hong Kong has manufactured many goods for trade.

  7.  For more than 30 years, China requested the return of Hong Kong.

  8.  Britain officially returned the land to China on July 1, 1997.

  9.  Now the People’s Republic of China governs Hong Kong.

  10.  By Chinese law, Hong Kong will have a capitalist economy for several decades.

Underlinetheverbineachsentence.Circleeachdirectobject.

  1.  An emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, began the Great Wall in 221 BC.

  2.  The builders used brick, stone, and soil for the wall.

  3.  The wall protected the country’s border.

  4.  It kept enemies out of China.

  5.  Guards on the wall built fires.

  6.  Smoke from a fire warned people about enemies in the area.

  7.  Through the use of satellites, scientists  studied the wall.

  8.  With the satellite data, they discovered more sections below ground.

  9.  The Chinese government has plans for wall repairs as necessary.

  10.  Today the wall amazes tourists from all over the world.

A

B

Nouns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

7

y

t

w

k

answer

little

with

circle

long

to

8  Nouns Used as Indirect ObjectsA noun can be used as the indirect object of a verb. An indirect object tells to whom, for whom, to what, or for what the action is done.

Verb inDireCT ObJeCT DireCT ObJeCTiris taught the old dog new tricks.

Underlinetheverbineachsentence.Circletheindirectobject.Thedirectobjectisitalicized.

  1.  The hospital volunteer read the patient a story.

  2.  The school committee awarded Marjorie a prize for her essay.

  3.  Mrs. Jones bought her son a new bicycle.

  4.  I sent the editor a letter about a new park for our neighborhood.

  5.  The museum offered the owner a million dollars for the painting.

  6.  The soloist sang the audience a beautiful ballad.

  7.  Mrs. Williamson told the children a story about visiting the Kremlin.

  8.  The music teacher taught the class a patriotic song.

  9.  George Washington told people the truth.

  10.  Tyrone gave his mother some roses on Mother’s Day.

Completeeachsentencewithanounusedasanindirectobject.Underlinethedirectobject.

  1.  The teacher gave   their homework assignment.

  2.  The U.S. Constitution guarantees   the right to vote.

  3.  The movie star sent   an autographed picture.

  4.  Their father promised   pizza for dinner.

  5.  Ms. Gibbs was pleased with the service at the hotel, so she wrote  a complimentary letter.

  6.  The press secretary handed   a copy of the president’s speech.

  7.  Mr. Glass sent   an order for 10 books.

  8.  The instructor taught   the rules of the road.

  9.  The guide showed   the desk where the president worked.

  10.  The usher offered   a program with information about the play.

A

B

Nou

ns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

8

t

s

r

r

w coat

big

large

eat

eye

i

9  Nouns Used as Objects of PrepositionsA noun can be used as the object of a preposition. Prepositions show time, direction, place, and relationship. Some common prepositions are in, into, on, to, by, for, from, at, with, and without. The noun that follows a preposition in a prepositional phrase is called the object of the preposition; it answers whom or what after the preposition.

PrePOSiTiOn ObJeCT PrePOSiTiOn ObJeCTVenice is located on islands that are in the adriatic Sea.

Circleeachobjectofapreposition.Theprepositionsareitalicized.

  1.  Venice is a city in Italy, a country in southern Europe.

  2.  Venice was an important port during the Middle Ages.

  3.  Venetian merchants traded with many different countries.

  4.  Venetian ships traveled between Italy and the Middle East.

  5.  Marco Polo, the famous explorer of China, was from Venice.

  6.  Today Venice is famous for beautiful buildings.

  7.  The Rialto Bridge passes over the Grand Canal in the center of the city.

  8.  Cars cannot be driven into Venice, so outside the city are parking lots.

  9.  People travel through the city on vaporettos, which are water buses.

  10.  Tourists ride in gondolas, small boats paddled by large oars.

Completeeachsentencewithprepositions.

  1.   1271 Marco Polo traveled   China.

  2.   the trip he passed   Turkey, Iran, and Afghanistan.

  3.  His party traveled   boat,   foot, and   camels.

  4.  Marco Polo stayed   China   17 years.

  5.  He met people   China, India, Mongolia, and other countries.

  6.  He worked   the emperor   China, Kublai Khan.

  7.  After returning   Italy, he wrote a book   the trip.

  8.  Many people   Italy didn’t believe his amazing stories  China.

  9.  Marco Polo’s book has been translated   many languages.

  10.  He may be the most famous traveler   the history   the world!

A

B

Nouns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

9

y

t

w

k

answer

little

with

circle

long

to

10  Possessive NounsA possessive noun expresses possession or ownership. The singular possessive is formed by adding -’s after the singular noun. The plural possessive is formed by adding an apostrophe after the final s of a regular plural noun or by adding -’s after an irregular plural noun.

The pyramid is actually a ruler’s tomb.

. Foreachnounwritetheseforms:singularpossessive,plural,andpluralpossessive.Useadictionaryifnecessary.

SinguLAr PLurAL PoSSeSSive PLurAL PoSSeSSive

  1.  turkey         

  2.  neighbor         

  3.  driver         

  4.  sheep         

  5.  child         

  6.  fox         

  7.  teacher         

  8.  woman         

  9.  man         

  10.  sister-in-law         

Rewriteeachphrase,usingapossessivenoun.

  1.  the orders of the coach 

  2.  a delay of an hour 

  3.  the home of my parents 

  4.  the books of the teacher 

  5.  the toys of the children 

A

B

Nou

ns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

10

t

s

r

r

w coat

big

large

eat

eye

i

11  More Possessive NounsNotice how the singular and plural possessives are formed.

Singular Pluralregular student’s desk students’ desksirregular man’s car men’s cars

Completeeachsentencewiththepossessiveformofthenoun.

pilot  1.  A   training requires long hours of hard study.

Sally  2.   running shoes are in the upstairs closet.

soldiers  3.  We listened to the rhythmic sound of the  feet as the group marched.

Mrs. Riddle  4.  Tina and Sue washed   car.

boys  5.  The   books are in their backpacks.

women  6.   coats are on sale this week.

Thomas  7.  Did you find   in-line skates?

brother-in-law  8.  On Thanksgiving Day we tasted my   special sweet potatoes.

deer  9.  The   large antlers show that it is quite old.

guards  10.  The security   office is near the exit.

Rewriteeachphrase,usingapossessivenoun.

  1.  the request of the librarian 

  2.  the work of three scientists 

  3.  the diagnosis of the doctor 

  4.  the bicycles of the girls 

  5.  the cell phones of the workers 

  6.  the shouts of our children 

  7.  a pen of Mr. James 

  8.  the red feathers of the cardinals 

  9.  the statements of some witnesses 

  10.  the suitcases of my guests 

A

B

Nouns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

11

y

t

w

k

answer

little

with

circle

long

to

12   Nouns Showing Separate and Joint Possession

Separate possession occurs when two or more people own things independently. To show separate possession, put -’s after each noun. Joint possession occurs when two or more people own something together. To show joint possession, put -’s after the last noun only.

SeParaTe Carl and Peter each did a project. Carl’s and Peter’s projects are completed.

JOinT Mary and lisa did a project together. Mary and lisa’s project is completed.

Readeachsentence.OnthelinewriteSifseparatepossessionisshownorJifjointpossessionisshown.

    1.  Jim and Karen’s project was a model of an Aztec pyramid.

    2.  Laura’s and Tom’s projects are on the table in the hall.

    3.  Ken and Susan’s report is on Benjamin Franklin.

    4.  Leo and Pablo’s assignment was a map of the Oregon Trail.

    5.  Lou’s and Marta’s presentations were excellent.

Readeachpairofsentences.Combineeachpairintoasinglesentencethatshowsseparateorjointpossession.

  1.  Ron and Ella have a poodle. It won the dog show.

  2.  Misha and Harriet each have a dachshund. They were the friendliest dogs in the show.

  3.  That Labrador retriever belongs to Chris and Jason. It won Best of Breed.

  4.  Elizabeth and Matt each had a cocker spaniel. Those dogs were playful.

  5.  Allison and Nicole each brought a beagle. The dogs chewed on their toys.

A

B

Nou

ns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

12

t

s

r

r

w coat

big

large

eat

eye

i

13  AppositivesAn appositive is a word that follows a noun and renames the noun or explains its meaning. An appositive phrase is an appositive and its modifiers. A nonrestrictive appositive or appositive phrase is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. It is set off by commas. A restrictive appositive or appositive phrase is necessary to the meaning of a sentence. It is not set off by commas.

nOnreSTriCTiVe The american flag, a symbol of our country, is red, white, and blue.

(The appositive is not necessary to know what color the flag is.)

reSTriCTiVe The seamstress betsy ross is said to have made the first flag. (The appositive is necessary to know who the seamstress was.)

Circleeachnounusedasanappositive.Underlinethenoun(s)itrenamesordescribes.OnthelinewriteNiftheappositiveisnonrestrictiveorRifitisrestrictive.    1.  The Continental Congress, a group of American patriots, 

played a key role in America’s fight for independence.    2.  The Philadelphia patriot Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense.    3.  The Boston politician Samuel Adams opposed the British tax on tea.    4.  Thomas Jefferson, a patriot from Virginia, wrote much of the 

Declaration of Independence.    5.  John Hancock, the president of the Continental Congress, was the first 

signer of the Declaration of Independence.    6.  The printer and inventor Benjamin Franklin also signed the document.    7.  George III, the king of England, sent troops to the colonies.    8.  The Battle of Lexington, the first armed fight of the American 

Revolution, took place on April 19, 1775.    9.  George Washington, the first president of the United States, had 

commanded an army during the Revolutionary War.    10.  The Polish officer Casimir Pulaski fought at the Battle of Brandywine.    11.  The French aristocrat the Marquis de Lafayette also traveled to 

America to help the colonists.    12.  The silversmith Paul Revere warned the people that British troops 

were going to attack soon.    13.  The redcoats, the British soldiers, could not defeat the colonists.    14.  The British leader General Cornwallis lost several battles.    15.  Yorktown, the last important battle of the war, was won by the 

Americans.

Nouns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

13

y

t

w

k

answer

little

with

circle

long

to

14  More AppositivesA subject, a subject complement, a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition can have an appositive.

Thomas Jefferson, a lawyer, held many public offices.Jefferson became minister to France, the successor of benjamin Franklin.He designed his own home, Monticello.The Continental Congress gave Thomas Jefferson, a good writer, the job of drafting the Declaration of independence.i am reading about Thomas Jefferson, our third president.

Underlineeachappositive.Circlethenounitexplains.  1.  Thomas Jefferson studied at the College of William and Mary,     a school in Virginia.  2.  He was appointed to the Second Continental Congress,     the colonies’ government, in 1775.  3.  In 1776 Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence,     a key document of American history.  4.  The Declaration of Independence contained a long  

list of complaints about George III, the king of England.  5.  In 1784 Jefferson agreed to succeed the U.S.     ambassador to France, Benjamin Franklin.  6.  Because Jefferson did not like to speak in public, as  

president he gave only two speeches, his inaugural addresses.  7.  He even made the State of the Union address, the president’s annual report 

to Congress, in writing.  8.  Usually he did not meet in person with the cabinet, his political advisors.  9.  Cabinet members sent him memos, summaries of their recommendations.  10.  The Louisiana Purchase, the most important event in his presidency,     took place in 1803.  11.  Jefferson bought the territory from Napoleon, the leader of France.  12.  Jefferson paid a low price, only $15 million dollars, for the entire territory.  13.  Jefferson ordered his private secretary, Meriwether Lewis, to explore the 

new land.  14.  After he left the presidency, Jefferson turned his attention to another interest, 

architecture.  15.  Jefferson designed two new projects, the campus of the University of Virginia 

and a house in Bedford, Virginia.

Nou

ns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

14

t

s

r

r

w coat

big

large

eat

eye

i

15  Words Used as Nouns and as VerbsA noun is a naming word. A verb expresses action or being. Many words can be used both as nouns and as verbs.

nOunThe study of planets reveals surprising facts.

VerbScientists study the planets.

AboveeachitalicizedwordwriteNifthewordisanounor Vifitisaverb.

  1.  The rings of Saturn are beautiful.

  2.  What material actually rings the planet?

  3.  Pieces of ice form the rings.

  4.  Some pieces are tiny ice particles, while others reach the size of icebergs.

  5.  In 1655 a Dutch astronomer first saw these round forms around Saturn.

  6.  Whenever possible, space probes photograph the rings up close.

  7.  Space probes can get close views of planets.

  8.  With telescopes, scientists could view only a few of Saturn’s rings.

  9.  The photographs showed many rings around Saturn.

  10.  Space probes’ photographs were a surprise to scientists.

  11.  What could cause Saturn’s rings?

  12.  The cause may have been an explosion of one of Saturn’s moons.

  13.  Forces slowly pull the ice in the rings down toward Saturn.

  14.  The pull of gravity is one of these forces.

  15.  New discoveries about planets may surprise scientists—and us—in the future.

Useeachwordinasentenceasanounoraverb.Thepartofspeechisindicated.

  1.  study (noun) 

  2.  surprise (verb) 

  3.  photograph (noun) 

  4.  cause (verb) 

  5.  view (noun) 

A

B

Nouns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

15

y

t

w

k

answer

little

with

circle

long

to

16  Words Used as Nouns and as AdjectivesA noun is a naming word. An adjective describes a noun. Some words can be used as nouns and as adjectives.

nOun aDJeCTiVe nOun MODiFieDa bat is a mammal. large bat colonies are found in caves.

Foreachsentence,writeAiftheitalicizedwordisusedasanadjectiveorNifitisusedasanoun.

    1.  Many people are scared of bats, but bats do a great deal of good.

    2.  For example, bats eat insect pests.

    3.  In one hour a bat can eat between 600 and 1,000 insects.

    4.  Therefore, bats are good for humans because they eliminate harmful insects.

    5.  They are also important to some plants.

    6.  Many plant species depend on bats for pollination.

    7.  Bats often live in a cave.

    8.  Bats may sleep in large groups, hanging from the cave ceiling.

    9.  Some bats spend the winter months in caves.

    10.  These bats sleep, or hibernate, during the winter.

    11.  Bats are primarily night animals.

    12.  They look for food during the night and sleep during the day.

    13.  Bats use sound to guide their movements.

    14.  The bats’ sound emissions return to them as echoes, which enable the bats to detect objects ahead.

    15.  The bones in a bat’s wing are similar to the bones in a human finger.

    16.  But the bat’s finger bones are quite long.

    17.  Bats’ large wings are covered with membranes.

    18.  The membrane structures of the wings allow bats to scoop insects in flight.

    19.  Migration for the winter is characteristic of some bats, as it is for birds.

    20.  Some of these migration flights take the bats from Mexico to the United States.

Nou

ns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

16

t

s

r

r

w coat

big

large

eat

eye

i

17 reviewing nouns Identifytheitalicizednouns.InColumn1writeSifthenounisasingularnoun

orPifitisapluralnoun.InColumn2writeAifthenounisanabstractnounorCifitisaconcretenoun.

CoLumn CoLumn 1 2

  1.  Japan is a democracy.   

  2.  Rice is a staple of the Japanese diet.   

  3.  Japan has a large fleet of modern fishing boats.   

  4.  Many automobiles are imported from Japan.   

  5.  Respect for the elderly is an important Japanese value.   

Writethesingularpossessiveandthepluralpossessiveformsofeachword.

SinguLAr PoSSeSSive PLurAL PoSSeSSive

  6.  country   

  7.  child   

  8.  citizen   

  9.  sheep   

  10.  emperor   

Onthelinewritehoweachitalicizednounisused.Usethekeybelow.

SuBjeCt SuBjeCt ComPLement APPoSitive S SC a

    11.  Tokyo is the capital of Japan.

    12.  Sapporo, a large city in northern Japan, is a popular resort for skiers.

    13.  Every day speedy bullet trains cross Japan.

    14.  The emperor of Japan is the head of state in name only.

    15.  The prime minister is the actual head of the government.

A

B

C

Continued ➞

Nouns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

17

y

t

w

k

answer

little

with

circle

long

to

Onthelinewritehoweachitalicizednounisused.Usethekeybelow.

DireCt inDireCt SuBjeCt oBjeCt oBjeCt ComPLement APPoSitive DO iO SC a

    16.  Fables are short stories that illustrate a lesson.

    17.  The ancient Greek writer Aesop is the author of a number of fables.

    18.  Aesop wrote “The Fox and the Grapes.”

    19.  Many parents read their children fables at bedtime.

    20.  My favorite fable is “The Crow and the Pitcher.”

Try it YourselfWritethreesentencesaboutacountryoraplacethatinterestsyou.Besurethateachsentencehasasubject.Trytouseappositives.

Check Your Own WorkChooseaselectionfromyourwritingportfolio,ajournal,aworkinprogress,anassignmentfromanotherclass,oraletter.Reviseit,applyingtheskillsyouhavereviewed.Thischecklistwillhelpyou.

✔ Do all the sentences have subjects?

✔ Have you used the correct forms of plurals?

✔ Have you used apostrophes correctly in possessive nouns?

✔ Have you used commas correctly with appositives?

D

17 reviewing nouns, continued

Nou

ns

© L

oyo

la P

ress

. Exe

rcis

es in

 En

glis

h Le

vel F

Name Date

18