Example computer systemsnelsovp/courses/elec2220/slides/Introduction.pdfComputer Peripherals. First...

ELEC 2220 – Computer Systems

Introduction to general purpose and embedded systems

Victor P. Nelson

ELEC 2220 Computer Systems 1Summer 2020

Today’s class outline

• Review syllabus and course objectives. Course web page:

http://www.eng.auburn.edu/~nelsovp/courses/elec2220/

• Define basic computer components and structures• Examples of computer systems• High-level language statements vs assembly and machine languages• Steps in executing an instruction

Summer 2020 ELEC 2220 Computer Systems 2

http://www.eng.auburn.edu/%7Enelsovp/courses/elec2220/

Software and Hardware Engineering: Motorola M68HC12 Copyright © 2000 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Basic computer system.

3


Personal Computer

Peripherals

First General-Purpose Computer• Electronic Numerical Integrator

and Calculator (ENIAC) • Designed by John Mauchly and J.

Presper Eckert at U. of Penn.• Built in World War II to compute

artillery firing tables• 80 feet long, 8.5 feet high and

several feet wide• Twenty 10 digit registers, each 2

feet long• Multiply/divide/square-root• Used 18,000 vacuum tubes• 5,000 additions/second• Weight: 30 tons• Power consumption: 140kW• Data input: 800 card/min reader


IBM System 360 – mainfame computer

• 1965-1978• Series of 6 models• Commercial and scientific• IBM Solid-Logic technology• Max 16.6M instructions/second• Max 8MB magnetic core memory• 32-bit words• 16 32-bit registers• Floating-point instructions• 9-track magnetic tape


C Programming Language and UNIX Operating System

1972

Digital Equipment Corporation 16-bit PDP-11 Minicomputer (1970-1990s)

Dennis Ritchie

KenThompson



Computer Architecture

Instructions and data are stored in the same memory.

Von-Neumann HarvardData and instructions are stored into separate memories.

Intel microprocessors – 20th century


Show devices

Intel processors – 21st century


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

10,000,000

100,000,000

1,000,000,000

10,000,000,000

PentiumIII (2000)

Pentium 4(2004)

Core 2Duo

(2008)

Core i7Quad(2008)

Xeon 74006-core(2008)

Core i7 8-core

(2014)

XeonHaswell18-core(2014)

XeonBroadwell

22-core(2016)

Number of Transistors

Clock Rate (MHz)

Intel Core i7 high end desktop architecture


Apple “A8” SoC• Used in iPhone6 & iPhone6 Plus• Manufactured by TSMC

• 20nm, 89mm2, 2B transistors• Elements (unofficial):

• 2 x ARM Cyclone ARMv8 64-bit cores running at 1.4GHz

• IMG PowerVR 4-core GX6450 GPU• L1/L2/L3 SRAM caches

• Other devices• 1 GB LPDDR3 SDRAM • 16 to 128GB flash• Qualcomm MDM9625M LTE modem• M8 motion coprocessor (ARM Cortex M3

uC)• iSight camera• Near field communications chip (for Apple

Pay)• User interface and sensors,

accelerometers, gyro• Wi-Fi and Bluetooth


T.I .smartphone reference design

MainSoC


Nvidia graphics processing units (GPUs)


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

10,000,000

100,000,000

1,000,000,000

10,000,000,000

100,000,000,000

NV 15 (2000)NV 38 (2003) G 86 Tesla(2007)

GF 119Fermi (2011)

GM 107Maxwell(2014)

GP 104Pascal(2016)

GV 100 Volta(2017)

Number of Transistors

Process (nano-meters)

Nvidia GPU cluster

Embedded computer systems

• What is an embedded system?• Application-specific computer

system• Component of a larger system• Interacts with its environment• Often has real-time computing

constraints

embeddedsystem

Embedded ComputerSoftware

Hardware

Input from environment

Output to environment

User interface Link to other systems


Introduction to Arm Cortex-M Microcontrollers, Jonathan W. Valvano




Our microcontroller: STM32F407

Introduction to Arm Cortex-M Microcontrollers, Jonathan W. ValvanoSummer 2020 ELEC 2220 Computer Systems 21

Fitbit Flex Teardown

STMicroelectronics 32L151C6Ultra Low Power ARM Cortex M3 Microcontroller

Nordic Semiconductor nRF8001 Bluetooth Low Energy Connectivity IC

www.ifixit.com


Samsung Galaxy Gear

• STMicroelectronics STM32F401B ARM-Cortex M4 MCU with 128KB Flash

source: ifixit.com


STMicroelectonics STM32F4-Discovery Board(For ELEC 2220 assignments and projects.)


32-bit STM32F407VG microcontroller- Arm Cortex-M4 processor with floating-point unit- 1 MB flash memory - 192 KB SRAM- Assorted peripheral modules

ST-LINK/V2 32-bit STM32F103CB microcontroller (debug interface)

USB “mini” connector to ST-Link microcontroller

Levels of Program Code


High-level language Level of abstraction

closer to problem domain

Provides for productivity and portability

C Program

Compile Assemble

Assembly Program

Assembly language Textual representation

of instructions

Machine Program

Hardware representation Binary digits

(bits) Encoded

instructions and data

001000010000000000100000000000001110000000000001010001000000000100011100010000000010100000001010110111001111101110111111000000001110011111111110

int main(void){int i;int total = 0;for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {total += i;

} while(1); // Dead loop

}

Example computer systemsnelsovp/courses/elec2220/slides/Introduction.pdfComputer Peripherals. First...

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