Evolution of plants and non vascular.pptx
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Transcript of Evolution of plants and non vascular.pptx
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REVIEW
1 2 3 4 5 A 1 1 1 1 1 B 1 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 1 1 1 Outgroup 0 0 0 0 0 EVOLUTION OF PLANTS
OBICO JJA, Instructor Department of Biology
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Elodea (Hydrocharitaceae - Alismatales)
cell wall
chloroplasts
thylakoids
stroma
granum
chloroplast: chlorophyll a & b grana starch
amyloplasts (starch grains): alpha-1,4-glucopyranoside
HAPLOID (n)Multicelled Stage
(Adu lt)
Egg (n )
Sperm (n)
Zygote
(2n )
Spores(n)
mitosis
fertilization
HAPLONTICOogamy
meiosis
HAPLOID (n)Multicelled Stage
(Adu lt)
Gamete(n)
Zygote
(2n )
Spores(n)
mitosis
fertilization
HAPLONTICIsogamy
meiosis
Gamete(n)
A B
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Charales - oogamy
Nitella Chara
oogonium
Coleochaete
cell wall: cellulosic plasmodesmata (in some Green Plants)
cellulosic cell wall
plasmodesmatamiddle lamella
CELL #1 CELL #2
plasmamembrane
The Land Plants =Embryophyta (embryophytes)
} The first colonization of plants on land during the Silurian period, ca. 400 million years ago.
} Land Plants now dominate the earth.
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Two possible hypotheses:
GAMETOPHYTE(n)
Egg (n)
Sperm (n)
Zygote
(2n)
HAPLODIPLONTIC("Alternation ofGenerations")
SPOROPHYTE(2n)
Embryo(2n)
Spores(n)
lost by reduction and modificationin the Angiospermsand some Gnetales
Sporangium(2n)
Archegonium(n)
Antheridium(n)
fertilization
mitosismitosis
meiosis
mitosis
}(Sperm non-flagellate in Conifers, Gnetales, and Angiosperms)
Sporocyte(2n)
produce
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Marchantia (liverwort) Mnium (moss)
antheridium antheridiu
m
sperm cells
Marchantia (liverwort)
archegonium
egg cell
neck
“Bryophytes” paraphyletic
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“Bryophytes”
Liverworts Hornworts
Mosses
Liverworts - Hepaticae
Two basic forms: -thalloid -leafy
Asterella sp. 1
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Asterella sp. 2
Bazannia a leafy liverwort
Conocephalum sp. Fossombronia sp.
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Marchantia
pore
gemma cup
pore
gemmae
Marchantia
sporophyte spores
elaters
stomate
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Hornworts (Anthocerotae)
Hornworts
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Mosses (Musci)
calyptraoperculum
peristometooth
mature capsule(sporangium)
spores
gametophyte(n)
sporophyte(2n)
antheridia
archegonia
costa
germinatingspore
protonema
embryo(2n)
operculum
peristome teeth
archegonialneck
GAMETOPHYTE(n)
Egg (n)
Sperm (n)
Zygote
(2n)
HAPLODIPLONTIC("Alternation ofGenerations")
SPOROPHYTE(2n)
Embryo(2n)
Spores(n)
lost by reduction and modificationin the Angiospermsand some Gnetales
Sporangium(2n)
Archegonium(n)
Antheridium(n)
fertilization
mitosismitosis
meiosis
mitosis
}(Sperm non-flagellate in Conifers, Gnetales, and Angiosperms)
Sporocyte(2n)
produce
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calyptraoperculum
peristometooth
mature capsule(sporangium)
spores
gametophyte(n)
sporophyte(2n)
antheridia
archegonia
costa
germinatingspore
protonema
embryo(2n)
operculum
peristome teeth
archegonialneck
calyptraoperculum
peristometooth
mature capsule(sporangium)
spores
gametophyte(n)
sporophyte(2n)
antheridia
archegonia
costa
germinatingspore
protonema
embryo(2n)
operculum
peristome teeth
archegonialneck
spore (n) protonema spore
(n)
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spore (n) protonema spore
(n) protonema gametophyte (n)
spore (n) protonema gametophyte (n)
archegonium antheridium
fertilization
spore (n) protonema gametophyte (n)
archegonium antheridium sporophyte (2n)
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fertilization
meiosis spore
(n) protonema gametophyte (n)
archegonium antheridium sporophyte (2n)
Sphagnum Peat Moss Sphagnum Peat Moss