Every Athlete’s Injury The one area of the body that all athlete’s need to pay greatest...
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![Page 1: Every Athlete’s Injury The one area of the body that all athlete’s need to pay greatest attention to is the leg - more importantly the thigh - video -](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56649cce5503460f9499a18f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Every Athlete’s Injury
• The one area of the body that all athlete’s need to pay greatest attention to is the leg
- more importantly the thigh- video
- this is especially true for sprinters
• We are going to look at three injuries that are the result of speed/velocity
• “I pulled my GROIN!”
• “That’s a hammy!”
• “I got a charley horse”
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• The thigh is the area of the body spanning distally from the knee and proximally to the hip
• It is composed of a single bone, the FEMUR and many muscles
-largest, longest and second strongest bone in the human body
- can withstand 30 times an adult’s weight!
HeadGreater Trochanter
Lesser Trochanter
Shaft (Linea aspera)Patellar surface
Lateral condyle
Medial condyle
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Trochanter:
Condyle:
Bony prominences at the proximal end of the femur; muscle attachment for hip and thigh muscles
A rounded prominence at the end of a bone, most often for articulation with another bone
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Sacrum
Ilium
Iliac crest
Pubis
Ischium
Coccyx
Anterior Superior iliac crest
Anterior Inferior iliac crest
Acetabulum
The Pelvis
Ischial tuberosity
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The Hip Joint• the hip joint is the articulation of the proximal end of the femur (head) and the acetabulum of the pelvis
What type of joint? Ball and socket
• is the primary connection between the appendicular skeleton of the lower body and the axial skeleton
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• to understand the musculature of the hip and thigh we will look at it from 4 different areas: flexor/extensors, adductor, anterior and posterior
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Hip Flexors and ExtensorsThe Glutes
Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
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Gluteus maximus
O: crest of ilium, sacrum and coccyx
I: greater trochanter of femur and iliotibial tract
F: hip extension and external rotation
Gluteus medius
O: lateral surface of ilium
I: posterior surface of greater trochanter
F: abduction and internal rotation of the hip
Gluteus minimus
O: lateral surface of ilium
I: anterior surface of greater trochanter
F: abduction and internal rotation of the hip
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Tensor fasciae latae
O: anterior iliac crest
I: iliotibial tract
F: flex, abduct and medially rotate thigh
Sartorius
O: anterior superior iliac spin
I: medial surface of tibia
F: (crosses 2 joints) flexion and lateral rotation of hip and helps flex knee
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Gluteal muscles: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdGD1dGOEAw&feature=related
Adductors: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1loym2KxcfQ&feature=related
Anterior: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFmIK0rtw98&feature=related
Posterior: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FdWHFl8jo4&feature=related
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Psoas minor
-present in less than 50% of the population
-evolutionary remnant
Iliacus
O: inner surface of ilium
I: less trochanter of femur
F: hip flexion
Psoas major
O: first 5 lumbar vertebrae
I: lesser trochanter of femur
F: hip and trunk flexion
Iliopsoas
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Hip Adductors
Adductor longus
O: body of pubis
I: linea aspera
F: hip adduction
Adductor magnus
O: inferior pubis and ischial tuberosity
I: linea aspera
F: hip adduction and extension
Adductor brevis
O: inferior of pubis
I: linea aspera
F: hip adduction and flexion
Gracilis
O: inferior pubis
I: below medial tibial condyle
F: adducts hip and flexes knee
Pectineus
O: supeior pubis
I: lesser trochanter to linea aspera
F: hip adduction and flexion
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Gluteal muscles: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdGD1dGOEAw&feature=related
Adductors: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1loym2KxcfQ&feature=related
Anterior: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFmIK0rtw98&feature=related
Posterior: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FdWHFl8jo4&feature=related
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Anterior Thigh (Quadriceps) –4 muscles
Vastus lateralis
O: lateral side of linea aspera and greater trochanter
F: knee extension and hip flexion
Vastus intermedius
O: anterior shaft of femur
F: knee extension Vastus medialis
O: medial aspect of linea aspera
F: knee extension
Rectus femoris
O: anterior inferior iliac spine
F: knee extension and hip flexion
All quad muscles join into patellar tendon, wrap around the patella and insert on the tibial tuberosity of tiba
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Rectus femoris
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Gluteal muscles: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdGD1dGOEAw&feature=related
Adductors: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1loym2KxcfQ&feature=related
Anterior: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFmIK0rtw98&feature=related
Posterior: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FdWHFl8jo4&feature=related
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Posterior Thigh -Hamstrings
Semitendinosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: tendon inserts on proximal tibia below medial condyle
F: flexes and internally rotates knee and extends hip
Biceps femoris
O: 2 heads – 1 off ischial tuberosity and 1 off linea aspera
I: heads join into head of fibula
F: extensor of hip and flexor of knee; rotates flexed knee
Semimembranosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: posterior aspect of medial tibial condyle
F: flexes and medially rotates knee; extends hip
![Page 19: Every Athlete’s Injury The one area of the body that all athlete’s need to pay greatest attention to is the leg - more importantly the thigh - video -](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56649cce5503460f9499a18f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Gluteal muscles: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdGD1dGOEAw&feature=related
Adductors: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1loym2KxcfQ&feature=related
Anterior: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFmIK0rtw98&feature=related
Posterior: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FdWHFl8jo4&feature=related
![Page 20: Every Athlete’s Injury The one area of the body that all athlete’s need to pay greatest attention to is the leg - more importantly the thigh - video -](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56649cce5503460f9499a18f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
“I pulled my GROIN!” (GROIN strain)
** Remember, ligaments sprain and MUSCLES STRAIN**
• An injury to the one or more of the thigh adductor (groin) muscles
Caused by quick acceleration or a sudden change in direction
• 3 Grades of strains
Grade I: mild discomfort; no limit to activity
Grade II: moderate discomfort; limited running/jumping; some swelling and bruising
Grade III: PAIN when walking; swelling and bruising
Adductor longus
Treatment = R.I.C.E
-may have to limit physical activity depending on severity
-gradual introduction back to sports
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“That’s a hammy!” (Strained hamstring)
• An injury to the posterior muscles of the thigh (hamstrings)
Caused by overextension of leg during high velocity activities
• 3 Grades of strains
Grade I: minor tears; tightness in knee flexion, discomfort when walking, minor swelling
Grade II: partial tear; limp; pain in knee flexion and palpation; swelling
Grade III: complete tear; crutches?, PAIN, swelling immediate
Treatment = R.I.C.E
- limit physical activity depending on severity
-Anti inflammatory drugs
-stretching
- video
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“I got a charley horse” (Quadriceps contusion)
• An injury often to the anterior muscles of thigh (quads)
Often caused by a rapid impact to the muscle
-muscle compressed against a bone (femur)
• Also called “dead leg”
• 2 types:
Intramuscular: tearing of muscle within sheath; limited visible bleeding, but loss of function; days or weeks to recover
Intermuscular: tearing of muscle and part of sheath; visible bleeding, visible bruising, recovery quicker
• 3 Grades:
Grade I: tightness in thigh; little swelling and some trouble walking
Grade II: swelling, pain upon palpation, unable to full flex at knee, pain during activity; limp
Grade III: immediate swelling, severe pain, crutches; out 3-12 weeks