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(EVALUATION THEORY)

.. (.., )

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1 (Philosophy of Evaluation) (metaphysics)

(Epistemology) www.themegallery.com

Aristotle, Francis Bacon, Charles Darwin, John Dewey Sciencetific Method ()Rene Descartes Axioms John Locke, David Hume Immanuel Kant (intuitionism)Pierce, John Dewey, Schiller

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(Utilitarianism) Tyler (1950) Provus (1971) Stufflebeam (1971) Stake (1975) Patton (1980, 1987) (Pluralism) 1 Scriven (1967) Stake (1967) Eisner (1975, 1979) , Guba Lincoln (1981)www.themegallery.com

(Subjectivism) (Naturalistic Approach) Stake, Eisner, Guba Lincoln, Patton (Objectivism) (Systematic Approach) Tyler, Cronbach, Rossi, Freeman, Wright, Levin www.themegallery.com

1. = (Thorndike and Hagen, 1969)2. = (Rossi, 1972, 1982) 3. = 8 Tyler (1932-1940)

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4. = Cronbach (1963) Alkin(1969) Stufflebeam (1971) 5. = Stake (1967) (case study) 6. = Scriven (1967) Guba and Lincoln (1981) www.themegallery.com

Evaluation is not to prove but to improve.

(Stufflebeam , 1983)

(Theory) ( , 2551) ( ,2552)

(Evaluation) (social process) (objective) (goal) / = + (Evaluation) (Measurement) + (Judgment)

(Evaluation Theory ) (social process)

/..1. (.. 1600-1800) ()2. (.. 1801-1900) Rice

/..3. (.. 1901-1930) Thorndike 4. (.. 1931-1945)Ralph w. Tyler

/..5. (.. 1946-1957)Tyler (Educational Testing Service) ETS 6. (.. 1958-1972)

(accountability) - (cost-benefit) (quality assurance)

/..7. (.. 1973- )

Meta Evaluation (Joint Committee on Standard for Educational Evaluation, 1980 ) (Personnel Evaluation Standards)

Guba Lincoln (1989) 1) (Measurement - Oriented) 2) (Objective - Oriented) 3) (Judgment - Oriented) 4) (Negotiation - Oriented) 4 /

(Goal Based Evaluation) (Criterion - Referenced Evaluation) Tyler (1940)

(Goal Free Evaluation) + Needs Assessment Scriven (1973) Cronbach (1981)Stufflebeam (1971) The Purpose of Evaluation is Not to Prove but to Improve

Fourth Generation Evaluation)Guba Lincoln (1989)

SD ,SV, ND, NV 4 -

Assessment Assessment Evaluation Evaluation (Alternatives) Appraisal

(indicators) (criteria) 2 (Relative Criterion) (Absolute Criterion)

(criteria) 1.1 (Relative Criterion) 1.2 (Absolute Criterion) (Model)

3) (2552)

(standard) ,

-1. 2. 1. TruthValue or Social Utility2. 3. Conclusion-orientedDecision or Action-oriented4. Empirical and HistoricalEmpirical and Philosophical5. Pure-AppliedFormative-SummativeExperimentalInput-Process-OutputNon-Experimental6. Internal ValidityCredibilityExternal ValidityUtility7. Scientific knowledgeInformationGeneralizable conclusionSpecific conclusion

(A Theory of Evaluation Models)

TextText : Decision oriented V.S. Value oriented Approaches : Systematic V.S. Naturalistic Approaches Goal BasedGoal Free : ? :

1) : Decision VS. Value oriented Approaches (Decision Approach)1 (Value Approach) 2

1.1.1 (Decision oriented Evaluation)

1.2 (Value oriented Evaluation)

2. (Systematic Approach)1 (Naturalistic Approach) 2

1.

2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

(formal)(high structured)(singular)(objectivism)/ (informal)(low structured)(pluralistic)(subjectivism)/

SDSVNDNV 4

I. (Objective)(Decision-oriented)(Value-oriented)II. (Methods)1.(Objectivism)2.(Subjectivism)1.(Systematic Approach)1.(Systematic Approach)1.(Systematic Approach)1.(Systematic Approach)Goal-based App.(Tyler,1950)Experimental App.(Cronbach,1963,1980,1982) System analysis(Ministry of DefenceUSA,1965)PERT(Cook,1966)CSE(Alkin,1969,1971)RFWA(Rossi;Freeman;Wright,1979) Cost-related Analysis(Levin,1983)Discrepancy App.(Provus,1971)CIPP(Stufflebeam et.al., 1971)Responsive App(Stake,1967,1975,1978)Transactional App.(Rippey,1973)Democratic App.(McDonald,1975)Illuminative App.(Parlett; Hamilton,1976)Creative App.(Patton,1981)Stakeholder-based App(Bryk,1983).UFA(Patton,1978,1986)Consumer-oriented App.(Scriven,1967)Goal-free App.(Scriven,1973)Training App.(Kirkpatrick,1978)Judicial App.(Owens,1973; Wolf,1979)Theory-based App.(Chen;Bickman,1990;Rogers,2000 )Value-added App.(Sander;Horn,1994; Webster,1995)Accreditation App.Criticism App.(Eisner,1975,1979)Effective App.(Cuba;Lincoln, 1981)Constructivist App.(Lincoln;Cuba,1985,1989)Empowerment App.(Fetterman,1994)Authentic App.(Cradler,1991; Koretz,, Barron,1996,1998)

Theory BasedModel Based /

Goal Based Evaluation Goal Free EvaluationGoal Based EvaluationGoal Free Evaluation Scriven

(inference) (Indicator)/(Criteria/Standard)(Empirical data)

Intrinsic Extrinsic Criteria Indicators Empirical

MERITVALUEORWORTHC1 C2I2D2DkIkCkD1I1D3I3C3

Intrinsic Extrinsic Criteria Indicator Empirical

MERITVALUE1C11_1C12I12D12D11

I11D13I13C13VALUE2D21I21C21D22I22C22D23I23C23VALUE3

D31I31C31D32I32C32D33I33C33CONTEXT

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(A Theory of Evaluation Utilization)

Alkin et al. (1988); Weiss (1998); Patton (2008); (Model) (Conceptual Use) (Legitimate Use) (Symbolic Use) (Instrumental Use)( ,2552)

(Evaluation Process)(Dissemination Strategies)(Evaluation Utilization)(Impact of Evaluation )/ ()()

(Evaluation Utilization)

(Conceptual Use)(Instrumental Use)(Impact of Evaluation )(Enlightenment)(Action)(Change)

Evaluation Theory Tree Revised (Alkin,2004)

(Apply of Evaluation)

Scriven 6 Big Six Program evaluationPersonnel evaluationPerformance evaluationProduct evaluationProposal evaluation Policy evaluation

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Michael Scriven

Theory Driven (Chen ) Scriven Chen (intervention) (mechanism)

(A Theory of Meta-Evaluation)

( 2550 : ., 2550) / /(Criteria) (Standard) / //Meta-Evaluation ( )

Stufflebeam (1999) The Joint Committee on Standard for Education Evaluation (1994) 4 1. (Utility) (7 )2. (Feasibility) (3 )3. (Propriety) (8 )4. (Accuracy) (12 )

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