European solution approaches for nutrient recovery in the ... 3 - Sc… · European solution...
Transcript of European solution approaches for nutrient recovery in the ... 3 - Sc… · European solution...
European solution approaches for nutrient
recovery in the EU project SYSTEMIC
Oscar Schoumans
Wageningen University & Research
abonoCARE, 5-6 March, Leipzig, Germany
Challenges
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➢ Demographic changes
• From 7 to 9+ billion people
• Urbanization
• Consumption pattern change 2050: 70% more food production
2050: 70% of population in cities‘massive resource drains’
➢ Resources become scarce
• Natural gas Nitrogen fertilisers
• Phosphate rock mining
• Good quality of fresh water
Competing claims for resources e.g. food & feed vs biofuel
Phosphorus use in the EU-27
➢ High P input mainly to agricultural production system (73%)
Gross balance EU27 (roughly)
IN kton % OUT & Accumulation kton %
No-food & detergents 100 4% Products (exported) 600 23%
Crops & food products 600 23% Waste & losses 1200 46%
Animal feed & P additives 400 15% Accumulation 800 31%
Mineral fertilizer 1500 58%
2600 100% 2600 100%
➢ High P losses (46%; including organic waste) (mainly Human consumption & Food processing; total 42%)
➢ High P accumulation 31% (mainly in soils; 29%)
Schoumans et al, 2015
P USE EFFICIENCY HAVE TO INCREASE WITH 50 – 70% TO FEED EU / WORLD
P reserves worldwide: 70 billion tons
World mining: 0.270 billion tons / year
(“260 years”) Source: USGS, 2019
EU: negligible rock phosphate minescompletely depended on P import!!!
➢ European strategy: From a linear to a circular economy
▪ COM(2015) 614, Closing the loop - An EU action plan for the
Circular Economy
▪ COM(2016) 157, Circular Economy Package - Proposal for a
regulation
➢ Valorisation of biomass waste streams (manure surpluses, sludge,
food and feed waste, ..... : “biowaste”) into valuable products
Awareness of limited natural resources
1. Reduce nutrient inputs, where possible
5R-Strategy for optimizing the nutrient balance
2. Reuse nutrients from organic residues
3. Recover nutrients from biomass waste streams
5. Redefine systems, where needed
4. Reduce nutrients losses to surface water
SYSTEMIC
Systemic large-scale eco-innovation to advance circular
economy and mineral recovery from organic waste in Europe
5 demonstration plants
(leading pioneers)
▪ Performance of nutrient recovery technologies
▪ Business case development
▪ Environmental Impact Assessment and LCA
▪ Policy advise
10 Outreach Locations &
18 Associated Plants
(first followers)
SYSTEMIC in a nutshell
• Processing capacity: 50.000 – 180.000 ton/year
• Investment in Nutrient Recovery Technologies (pilot full scale)
• Starting up autumn 2017 and all fully running and monitoring by the end of 2019
Innovation at demonstration plants
Photo AmPower
UK plant under construction
Technical Innovation at demonstration plants
Feedstocks• Pig manure• Poultry litter• Sewage sludge• Energy crops• Agro-industrial residues
Innovative Technologies• Reverse Osmosis (RO)• Evaporation• N-stripping• P-stripping
End Products• Biogas• NK concentrates• (NH4)2SO4 fertiliser• Struvite & Ca phosphate• Organic fertilisers and soil
improvers• Organic fibres
Downloads: (www.systemicproject.eu)• Technical Factsheets of demoplants• Newsletter of demoplants
Desired utilisation of recovered N-products (from manure) (e.g. Mineral NK concentrates or ammonium sulphate)
Nitrate Directive
170 kg N/y as manure or as N
products from manure
EC - SAFEMANURE
Definition of conditions for
recovered N products from manure
which can be used as substitute for
synthetic mineral fertiliser
Location: Vellezzo Bellini (Northern Italy) and built in 2016
Agriculture: Cereals, mainly rice
Feedstock: Sewage sludge >80%; domestic food waste
Max capacity: 120 000 tons/year
Digester cap.: 13.500 m3 (thermophilic: 55 oC & 20 days)
Nutrient recovery: NH3-stripping (NH4)2SO4
Philosophy: - high NH3 concentrations can reduce biogas production
- minimize ammonia and odour emissions
- maximize fertilization effects on nearby 5000 ha agr. land
o digestate as soil improver (low N-content; high N/NH4)
o (NH4)2SO4 as substitute for synthetic fertilizers
Demonstration plant Acqua & Sole (IT)
Product composition
Demonstration plant Acqua & Sole
DigestateAmmonium Sulphate
pH 8,6 6
Dry matter (g/kg) 101 363
Organic carbon (g/kg)
33 <1,8
N-total (g/kg) 7,8 74
NH4-N (g/kg) 4,4 74
P-total (g/kg) 2,8 0,011
K-total (g/kg) 0,63 0,012
S (g/kg) 1,1 84
Ca (g/kg) 5,3 0,094
Mg (g/kg) 0,86 0,014
Save costs synthetic fertilizers
Location: Pittem (Flanders, Belgium) and built in 2011
Agriculture: Pig husbandry
Feedstock: food industry waste 90%
Max capacity: 180 000 tons/year
Digester cap.: 20 000 m3 (thermophilic, 50-60 days)
Nutrient recovery: Evaporator (concentrated digestate, 20% DM) and dry P-rich biosolids
Philosophy: - Reduce digestate processing cost
- Maximize fertilization effects on agricultural land
o Blend concentrated digestate and dry biosolids and export it
nutrient depleted regions
Demonstration plant AM-Power (BE)
Product composition (preliminary results)
Demonstration plant AM-Power (BE)
Previous process(DAF + RO)
Current process (evaporator/condensator + RO)
DigestateNK-
concentrateP-rich
biosolids
Expected Concentrated
digestate
Expected P-rich biosolids
pH 8.7 7.7 7.5 8.7 7.5
Dry Matter(g/kg)
59 43 912 200 912
Organic Matter (g/kg)
32 18 523 62 523
N-total (g/kg) 5.5 5 31 28 31
NH4-N (g/kg) 2.9 4.2 0.88 22 0,88
P-total (g/kg) 1.4 0.01 19 1.7 19
K-total (g/kg) 3.3 4.3 11 21 11
ton/y €/ton M€ ton/y €/ton M€
Raw digestate 102150 18.85 1.93 21900 18.85 0.41
dried solid fraction 7868 13.50 0.11 14106 0.00 0.00
mineral concentrate 35000 25.00 0.88 0.00
Total 2.91 0.41
Old New
Location: Beltrum (Eastern Netherlands) and built in 2004
Agriculture: 65% grassland and 35% arable (region Achterhoek)
Feedstock: Manure >75% (mainly pig) and food & feed waste
Max capacity: 140 000 tons/year
Digester cap.: 15 000 m3 (mesophilic: 35-38 oC & 20 days)
Nutrient recovery: P recovery (Ca~P or struvite), RO (NK concentrate; water)
Philosophy: - Reduce export of manure surplus over long distances (D)
- Maximize fertilization effects on agricultural land
o Soil improver with a low N & P-content
o Mineral (NK) concentrate as substitute for synthetic fertilizers
o P precipitate as secondary resource P-fertilizer industry
Demonstration plant Groot Zevert Digestion (NL)
Product composition (preliminary results)
Save costs transport:
- Solid fraction (20.000 m3) no long distance transport to Germany any more
(> 400 km) a 25 €/m3: savings 0.5 M€ /y
- Liquid fraction (80.000 m3) is reduced by 50%:
Volume 40 000 m3 / y and 10-15 € / m3 savings 0.4 – 0.6 M€ /y
Demonstration plant Groot Zevert Digestion (NL)
Online tool for biogas plant owners:
Virtually experiment with NRR technologies
• Input: digestate composition
• Select: NRR technology train / cascades
• Output:
• Mass -& nutrient balance:
end products and estimated composition
• Cost estimation (excl. Disposal cost/marketing profit for end products)
NRR calculation Tool to help first followers
Calculation tool
Roadmap to NRR
Policy advice to overcome innovation barriers e.g.
➢ Policy-Science workshops (2018) on Nitrate Directive
➢ New Fertiliser Regulation & SAFEMANURE
➢ Meeting & visits policymakers: regional, national, Members European Parliament
➢ Policy-Science workshop 22 April 2020 Brussels: Developing a stimulating growth environment for
biogas and biobased fertilisers from biowaste
Policy advice
Developing a roadmap for the transition towards a circular economy for
nutrients from organic waste streams
Roadmap
Conclusions
- A lot of experiences has been obtained dealing with the
constructing NRR technologies and the demonstration of nutrient
recovery and product quality at large biogas plants are running.
- Most plants will have economic benefits from nutrient recovery, but
new market needs to be further development. Sustainability
aspects are an important next step to address additional benefits.
- Knowledge exchange is very important for the first followers
(interaction between plant owners, product quality, KPI, ...) in
order to give a boost to the Circular Economy.
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Thank you for your
attention