Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism 1500-1603.
European Culture, Daily Life, and The Reformations
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Transcript of European Culture, Daily Life, and The Reformations
European Culture, Daily Life, and The Reformations
Chapter 15.3, 15.4, and 15.5
The Reformation Begins Some northern humanists maintained that
the church seemed more interested in income than saving souls
Martin Luther had a major problem with many Church practices
1521, Pope Leo X declared Luther a heretic and excommunicated him from the Church
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V banned the printing and sale of his works
The Spread of Protestantism
Charles V tried to wage war on Lutherans, but he was too late to wipe them out
The Peace of Augsburg was reached in 1555
King Henry VIII broke England away from the Catholic Church
Anglicanism paved the way for the Protestant Reformation in England
Calvinism Spreads John Calvin founded a new Protestant
church in Switzerland Calvinism stressed the importance of
predestination Geneva became a theocracy By 1600 Calvinist churches were well
established in parts of Europe
The Counter Reformation
As Protestantism continued to spread, the Pope finally realized the church needed to change
Pope Paul III worked to make the church more spiritual
The Index of Forbidden Books was established
The Council of Trent acted to define church doctrines
Soldiers of the Counter-Reformation
Ignatius de Loyola founded the Jesuits in 1534
Jesuits quickly became the most effective agents in spreading Catholicism
Stressed big importance on education Combined humanist values with
Catholic doctrine
Culture and Daily Life Europeans in the 1500s were
extremely superstitious Many believed in spirits, demons, and
witchcraft Often, villagers would turn to their
priest, or their village elder for advice Enormous outburst of “witch hunting”
occurred in the mid 1500s and lasted over 100 years in Europe
The Spread of Knowledge
The invention of the printing press allowed news, ideas, and thoughts to spread quickly throughout Europe
Broadsides became very popular in villages
Almanacs quickly became best-sellers As Protestants and Catholics battled for
the loyalties of the common people, leaders of both sides encouraged founding schools in towns and villages
Changes in Daily Life By the end of the 1400s, more and
more peasants were becoming legally free
Many saw their standard of living rise
Many peasants decided to migrate to the cities in search of a better life
With this movement along with the Renaissance spirit, the “disenchantment” of the world began