Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism 1500-1603.
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Transcript of Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism 1500-1603.
Northern Humanism, Northern Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Reformations, and Late
MannerismMannerism1500-16031500-1603
Focus of Chapter Focus of Chapter
Northern Humanism - Inspired by both Northern Humanism - Inspired by both Classical studies and Late Medieval lay Classical studies and Late Medieval lay piety.piety.
ReformationReformationCounter-ReformationCounter-ReformationLate MannerismLate Mannerism
Northern HumanismNorthern Humanism Study of Christian Study of Christian
writings and Greco-writings and Greco-Roman classicsRoman classics
Emphasis on simplicity Emphasis on simplicity and Christ’s teachingsand Christ’s teachings
Rabelais – French Rabelais – French humanisthumanist
Marguerite of AngoulemeMarguerite of Angouleme Erasmus – most Erasmus – most
influential humanist of the influential humanist of the period. Author of The period. Author of The Praise of FollyPraise of Folly
The Northern RenaissanceThe Northern Renaissance
The culture of The culture of sixteenth century sixteenth century Northern EuropeNorthern Europe
Northern Northern Renaissance Renaissance literatureliterature
Montaigne – EssaysMontaigne – Essays Shakespeare – Shakespeare –
Renaissance and Renaissance and Mannerist playsMannerist plays
Northern Renaissance PaintingNorthern Renaissance Painting
Influence of Protestant Reformation on Influence of Protestant Reformation on paintingpainting
Secular subjectsSecular subjects
DurerDurer
Paintings (portraits) Paintings (portraits) and engravingsand engravings
DurerDurer
DurerDurer
DurerDurer
DurerDurer
GrunewaldGrunewald
Isenheim AltarpieceIsenheim Altarpiece
BoschBosch
Peter BruegelPeter Bruegel
BruegelBruegel
The Protestant ReformationThe Protestant Reformation
Causes:Causes: Radical reshaping of Western societyRadical reshaping of Western society Spiritual yearnings of human beingsSpiritual yearnings of human beings Historical trends occurring during the Middle AgesHistorical trends occurring during the Middle Ages Corruption and abuses in the churchCorruption and abuses in the church Rise of sovereign statesRise of sovereign states Decay of medieval thoughtDecay of medieval thought Revival of humanismRevival of humanism
LutherLuther
In 1517, published his Ninety-five Theses In 1517, published his Ninety-five Theses against sale of indulgences, the sacraments, against sale of indulgences, the sacraments, and authority of the popeand authority of the pope
In 1520 Pope Leo X excommunicated LutherIn 1520 Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther Luther’s beliefsLuther’s beliefs
Salvation comes from God’s grace, not good worksSalvation comes from God’s grace, not good works Sole source of authority was the Bible, not PopeSole source of authority was the Bible, not Pope Retained only two sacraments: baptism and Retained only two sacraments: baptism and
communioncommunion Translated Bible into vernacularTranslated Bible into vernacular Married Katherine von BoraMarried Katherine von Bora
LutherLuther
CalvinCalvin
Institutes of the Christian ReligionInstitutes of the Christian ReligionBelief in predestinationBelief in predestinationGovernment subordinate to the stateGovernment subordinate to the stateCalvinism was the most international of Calvinism was the most international of
the new sectsthe new sects
John CalvinJohn Calvin
The Reform of the English ChurchThe Reform of the English Church
In 1529, King Henry VIII asked the pope to annul In 1529, King Henry VIII asked the pope to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, who failed his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, who failed to produce a male heirto produce a male heir
When the pope denied his request, Henry When the pope denied his request, Henry declared himself head of the Church of England declared himself head of the Church of England
Anglican beliefs are summarized in the Thirty-Anglican beliefs are summarized in the Thirty-nine Articlesnine Articles
Elizabeth became queen and head of the Elizabeth became queen and head of the English Church.English Church.
King Henry VIIIKing Henry VIII
Queen ElizabethQueen Elizabeth
The Counter ReformationThe Counter Reformation
Roman Catholic Reform MovementRoman Catholic Reform MovementThree frontsThree fronts
Reformed papacyReformed papacyNew Monastic OrdersNew Monastic OrdersCouncil of TrentCouncil of TrentChurch’s unyielding positionChurch’s unyielding position
Late Mannerism and the BaroqueLate Mannerism and the Baroque
Influenced by the Counter-ReformationInfluenced by the Counter-ReformationArts and music should be accessible to Arts and music should be accessible to
everyoneeveryoneSole aim of art was to serve the ChurchSole aim of art was to serve the ChurchA simplified art that spoke to the massesA simplified art that spoke to the massesThis didn’t happen until the Baroque This didn’t happen until the Baroque
PeriodPeriodLate Mannerist art was too complexLate Mannerist art was too complex
El GrecoEl Greco
His paintings embody the spirit of Late His paintings embody the spirit of Late MannerismMannerism
SpanishSpanishSpiritual visionSpiritual visionElongated bodies, sharp lines, luminous Elongated bodies, sharp lines, luminous
colorscolors
El GrecoEl Greco
El GrecoEl Greco
El GrecoEl Greco
El GrecoEl Greco
TintorettoTintoretto
Feverish, emotional Feverish, emotional stylestyle
Last SupperLast Supper
TintorettoTintoretto
TintorettoTintoretto
Extra Credit Assignments for this Extra Credit Assignments for this ChapterChapter
Read Erasmus, In Praise of Folly and write Read Erasmus, In Praise of Folly and write a responsea response
Read Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses and Read Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses and write a responsewrite a response
Read Hamlet or watch a version of Hamlet Read Hamlet or watch a version of Hamlet and write a responseand write a response
Required Assignments for this Required Assignments for this chapterchapter
Watch Luther DVD and write a responseWatch Luther DVD and write a response