Europe Comenius Project 2005/06 Lucia Massi The post war period: to the1960s 2nd World War Europe...
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Transcript of Europe Comenius Project 2005/06 Lucia Massi The post war period: to the1960s 2nd World War Europe...
![Page 1: Europe Comenius Project 2005/06 Lucia Massi The post war period: to the1960s 2nd World War Europe Grave economic damage Millions of dead Military operations.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e435503460f94b37404/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EuropeComenius Project 2005/06
Lucia Massi
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The post war period: to the1960s
2nd World War
Europe
Grave economic damage
Millions of dead
Military operations
Bombardment
inflationSerious balance of payment deficits
Unemployment
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Plan of intervention in favour of the rebirth of Europe
Harry Truman & George MarshallPresident of
U.S.A.
Project (directed)
“not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation and chaos”
America wanted to counteract Soviet expansionism
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The birth of the EOEC and the ECSC
2 important steps:
European Organisation for Economic Cooperation
EOEC
16 western European states
European Coal and Steel Community
ECSC
In 1952
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So…
Elimination of
Import and export duties
Subsidies to industries
Other measures of support in individual countries
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The birth of the EEC and EURATOM
Rome:1957
EEC EURATOM
European Economic Community
European Atomic Energy Community
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The EEC
3 Targets
Elimination of customs barriers
Development of a common
system of customs duties
Creation of a common
agricultural policy
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The birth of the European Community: 1967
EEC EURATOM
Joined together as
EC (European Community)1.to improve living and working conditions;
2.to reduce economic disparity between regions ;3.to help underdeveloped countries;4.to maintain peace and freedom;
ECSC
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The ‘60s and the ’70s: development of the European Community
Political Crises Economic
Resolved with the widening of EEC
1973
Denmark Ireland United Kingdom
Economic and population growth
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Helsinki Conference:1973
Helsinki Conference
Helped to bring together Eastern and Western Europe in a common struggle to develop civil liberties and rights.
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1979 & 1981
1979
The European Parliament was for the first time elected directly by the citizens
The EMS: The European Monetary System
Ecu:an ideal currency to control oscillation in continental currencies
1981 Greece joined the EEC.
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The UEA 1986
Luxemburg:1986
9 member states signed the unique European Act
Revision of the treaty of Rome
Objectives Social policyEnvironmental protectionTechnological researchReduction of gaps between the various regions
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The Maastricht TreatySigned on 7th February 1992 by 12 countries
Coming into force in November 1993
Economic, political and cultural integration
The Maastricht Treaty launched the EU towards a form of collective cooperation which had no historical precedent
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Main objectives of the Maastricht Treaty
2. The reinforcement of economic and social cohesion;
3. Economic and monetary union based on the free circulation of capitals, goods, people and above all the institution of a single European currency;
4. A common foreign and security policy in terms of a common defence policy;
5. The institution of a Community citizenship with the aim of reinforcing the observance of rights and cooperation in the field of justice.
1. The promotion of balanced economic and social development through the creation of “ a space without internal frontiers”;
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The Treaty of Amsterdam: 1997
Amsterdam: 1997
Signed by the fifteen member states
Came into force in 1999
Objectives
To integrate the decisions of the Schengen agreement with relation to free circulation
To strengthen judicial cooperation in crimes against children, corruption and terrorism
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The Treaty of Nice: 2000
Nice: 2000
The institutional bodies of the EU’s member countries were reorganised
The first “paper of fundamental rights within the Union” was agreed on
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The Europe of 25
2003
EstoniaLithuaniaLatviaPolandCzech RepublicSlovakiaHungarySlovenia CyprusMalta
Union of 25 states
Ceremony in Dublin
2004
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The ECB and the Euro
1998: Frankfurt
European Central Bank ECB
1999 EMU officially came into being
12 countries
Eurolandia: new economic zone
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Countries in EUROLANDIA
AustriaBelgium
Finland
France
Germany
IrelandItaly
Luxemburg
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
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The European Constitution
Europe Home of freedom
European Constitution
One single text
Civil, political, economic and social rights of EUROPEAN CITIZENS
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Human values
The standards for the European Constitution respect and guarantee inalienable human values that are deeply rooted in European soil:
Dignity
Liberty
Equality Solidarity Citizenship Justice
“EVERY PERSON HAS THE RIGHT TO LIBERTY AND SECURITY”
The importance of being free
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What does it mean to live in a reality where the rights of liberty are respected?
In Europe it is not possible to carry out an arrest without first obtaining the authorisation of a judge;
None of the European member states are in favour of the death penality.
European Constitution affirms that:
“EVERY PERSON HAS THE RIGHT TO LIFE”
“NO ONE MAY BE CONDEMNED TO DEATH OR EXECUTED”
“NO ONE MAY BE FORCED TO UNDERGO TORTURE OR INHUMAN AND DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT”
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Other liberties in the UE
Liberty of every citizen of the Union to circulate freely and stay in any European territory
Liberty of information and expression
In other countries, such as China, this liberty isn’t guaranteed
Liberty of religion etc.
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The importance of European Constitution:
With the new Constitution the European Union provides proof of its efforts to promote balanced and sustainable development and the hope of a peaceful future for the generations to come.
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Liceo Classico Francesco Stelluti
Comenius Project 2005/2006