Europe – A Strong Partner for Sustainable Global DevelopmentThe Development Policy Outcomes of the...

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Europe – A Strong Partner for Sustainable Global DevelopmentThe Development Policy Outcomes of the German EU Council Presidency 2007

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The Development Policy Outcomes of the German EU Council Presidency 2007


Contents

4 Europe keeps its promises

6 Europe stands by its goals, values and principles

8 Europe improves its aid effectiveness

10 Europe and Africa strengthen their partnership

16 Europe and Africa agree energy partnership

18 Europe drives fair trade forward

22 Europe strengthens gender equality

24 Europe is resolutely combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis

26 Europe is strengthening its coordination in the international arena

28 Europe is working successfully in the Trio

30 Major milestones

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4


Europe keeps its promises

The European Union, with its political and economic

weight, has a special responsibility to be a driving

force in international development policy. With the

world’s largest single market, the EU is the most im-

portant trading partner for many developing coun-

tries and exerts significant influence over the world

trade order. Intensive political cooperation and con-

tinuous dialogue between the EU and its partner

countries are an essential component of global rela-

tions.

The European Union is the world’s largest donor in

the field of international development cooperation.

Together with its Member States, it provides more

than 50 per cent of total official development assist-

ance (ODA) worldwide.

The EU is a signatory to key international agreements

and commitments. They include the Millennium De-

velopment Goals, which are to be achieved by the tar-

get year of 2015, and the commitments on financing

for development made at the Monterrey Conference.

The EU has committed to a timetable to increase the

overall share of official development assistance fund-

ing within the Union to 0.56 per cent of annual gross

national income by 2010 and to 0.7 per cent by 2015.

The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness is another

important international commitment.

The development policy objective

of the German EU Council Presidency was to push for compliance with Europe’s commitments.

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This has been achieved:

Europe is keeping its word and is increasing its development financing.

Germany is making a major contribution here.

In 2006, the EU and its Member States provided a total

of 48 billion euros for development, which is equal to

0.42 per cent of the EU’s gross national income. This

figure is higher than the Monterrey target for an in-

crease to 0.39 per cent in 2006 and therefore sets de-

velopment financing on a positive course.

The timetable can only be implemented if all EU

Member States honour their commitments. To that

end, they will establish national timetables, by the

end of 2007, setting out how the next interim goal

for 2010 can be achieved.

Over the next four years, Germany will in total be

providing an additional three billion euros, or 750

million euros annually, for the fight against poverty.

This is the highest increase in the development budget

for many years. Innovative sources of development

financing are also being explored.



6

Europe stands by its goals, values and principles

With the European Consensus on Development, the

Community agreed in 2005 on a political framework

with common development goals, values and principles.

This means that for the first time, a development policy

manifesto exists which is binding on both the European

Union and its Member States.

The primary and overarching objective of EU develop-

ment cooperation is the eradication of global poverty.

Europe is thus making a key contribution to the attain-

ment of the Millennium Development Goals.

The European Consensus on Development also acknow-

ledges our responsibility for shaping globalisation

equitably and for sustainable development, gender

equality, environmental protection and peacebuilding.

It emphasises the partnership aspect of cooperation

and cites good governance as a key factor for develop-

ment. It also underlines the importance of participation

by civil society and non-governmental organisations.

In this way, the EU is contributing its ideals of a sustain-

able and equitable socio-economic order, based on

democracy, the rule of law, human rights, equality

and solidarity, in our globalised world.


of the German EU Council Presidency was to translate the Consensus into action and move forward

with its implementation.

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Europe has reaffirmed the Consensus and is asserting the importance of development policy.

On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the found-

ing of the European Union, representatives of the

Member States of the European Union and the Euro-

pean Commission adopted the Petersberg Commu-

niqué on European Development Policy in which they

reaffirm the Consensus as the binding framework for

action.

Development policy, as a policy area in its own right,

has played a key role in shaping Europe’s external

relations for 50 years, contributing its values and ob-

jectives to Europe’s external actions. In this context,

development goals are taken into account in all other

policy fields. A practical example is the Economic Part-

nership Agreements which are currently being nego-

tiated between the EU and the ACP countries.


8


Europe improves its aid effectiveness

The European Union continuously reviews its devel-

opment cooperation and initiates reforms to improve

it, with the aim of increasing the efficiency and effect-

iveness of the resources deployed. More, better and

faster aid remains the goal.

Good coordination of assistance within the donor

community helps to avoid overlaps. Better coherence

and complementarity in the development policies

pursued by the EU and its Member States help to avoid

competition between them. More coherence ensures

that development policy objectives are taken into ac-

count in other policy fields as well and that goals in

other areas of policy are not at odds with development

objectives.

A better division of labour among donors increases

the efficiency, effectiveness and visibility of European

aid. This avoids overtaxing the capacities of the part-

ner countries with numerous projects and measures

and makes cooperation much easier for them.

Coordination, complementarity, coherence and a

division of labour are key aspects of the Paris Agenda

adopted in 2005, whose implementation is intended

to improve Europe’s aid effectiveness.


of the German EU Council Presidency was to identify common principles for a better division

of labour within the EU and boost policy coherence.

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A code of conduct for a

better division of labour

European development cooperation is being made

more effective and brought more into line with the

needs of the partner countries. To this end, the EU has

adopted a code of conduct for a better division of

labour and complementarity. Key elements of the

code are greater concentration of donor activities on

fewer partner countries and on a maximum of three

thematic areas within the partner countries. More in-

tensive information exchange is intended to improve

planning and coordination. Implementation of the

code will commence straight away on a voluntary

and flexible basis and in line with a country-specific

approach.

The code of conduct is a milestone and best-practice

model for the international donor community. The EU

is thus taking a lead role in implementing the Paris

Declaration.

Economic Partnership Agreements

combine trade and development

The negotiations on the Economic Partnership Agree-

ments between the EU and the ACP countries take ac-

count of development policy aspects. These agree-

ments are intended to become combined trade and

development instruments. This quality and coherence

were decided upon through an intensive dialogue,

based on partnership, between all stakeholders.

> see page 18

Energy partnership with Africa

promotes sustainable development

The new energy partnership between Europe and

Africa is centred around sustainable development. An

environmentally compatible and sustainable energy

supply will be promoted as a priority. The revenue

from oil and gas exports should be used to benefit de-

velopment and the people of Africa, thereby aligning

energy and development policy goals.

> see page 16


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Europe and Africa strengthen their partnership

Africa and Europe are linked by a special partnership

and historical ties. Europe is supporting its neighbour

continent as it takes responsibility for addressing its

urgent development problems and future challenges.

Poverty reduction and attaining the Millennium

Development Goals are especially pressing tasks in

Africa. The fate of Africa and its people has a direct

bearing on Europe.

Despite an often very different perception of the situ-

ation from Europe, Africa is not the continent of cata-

strophes, crises and wars. Today, Africa stands for dy-

namic political and economic reform and offers major

potential and prospects. Many African countries are

showing stable economic growth. Civil society in

Africa is developing rapidly and people are taking

control of their own destiny. Africa is increasingly

emerging as a political actor in its own right.

To achieve sustainable economic and social develop-

ment, Africa needs peace, good governance, trade

links which are fair and conducive to development, as

much free market access as possible for its products,

sustainable investment, energy efficiency, and jobs

and employment for its people.

Europe and Africa need a strong, broad-based and

long-term partnership. Their common interests in

many different areas must be translated into targeted

action. A joint strategy is essential for this process.


of the German EU Council Presidency was to strengthen the partnership between Africa and Europe.

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Paving the way for a joint Africa Strategy

The Strategy for Africa is evolving into a partnership

with Africa. The EU Strategy for Africa is being devel-

oped further by the European Union and the African

Union (AU) into a joint EU and AU Africa Strategy, and

will be the basis for long-term cooperation based on

equality and a strong, future-oriented partnership.

The Strategy is to be adopted at a joint Africa Summit

in Lisbon at the end of 2007.

Implementation of the 10th EDF can begin

The EU’s main financing instrument for cooperation

with the ACP countries is the European Development

Fund (EDF), which supports programmes and projects.

The 10th EDF (2008-2013) is due to come into effect at

the start of 2008. Important political, legal and proced-

ural parameters have been established for this pur-

pose. The programming and implementation of the

10th EDF have been prepared well.

This means that the delivery of funding for the

47 African countries in the ACP group can begin

punctually. In total, more than half of the EU’s devel-

opment spending goes to Africa, making the EU the

African partners’ largest donor.

A more stable peace in Africa

The EU is assisting the AU with peace support and

peacekeeping operations on the African continent. In

view of the ongoing crisis in Sudan, an extra 100 mil-

lion euros have been made available from the 9th EDF

for the African Peace Facility. Additional bilateral con-

tributions will also be made by the EU Member States

in order to safeguard African-led peace operations

such as the AU missions in Sudan (AMIS) and Somalia

(AMISOM).

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The Economic Partnership Agreements

safeguard development prospects


ments between the EU and the ACP countries have

made major progress. The Agreements are intended

to offer the 47 African countries in the ACP group in

particular better opportunities in the world markets.

This is a key prerequisite for sustainable development.

> see page 18

Better protection for

women and girls against AIDS

Africa is severely impacted by AIDS, with dramatic

economic and social consequences. 70 per cent of all

persons infected with HIV live in Africa; most of them

are women and girls. The EU’s strategy to combat

HIV/AIDS has now been geared towards new challenges

and the special protection of women and girls.

The EU is also providing more funding.

> see page 24

Promoting decent work and employment

Employment promotion plays an important role in

poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millen-

nium Development Goals. People in Africa need more

and better jobs.

The social dimension must be considered in this

context. The EU has agreed a strategy on how employ-

ment promotion can be operationalised within the

context of European development cooperation with

the aim of increasing the supply of decent work.

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16


Europe and Africa agree energy partnership

Responsible management of energy resources is vital

for the world’s future. This is apparent, not least, from

climate change, whose impacts cannot be ignored

and which will hit the developing countries especially

hard. Energy security and access to environmentally

compatible, sustainable energy supplies are key fac-

tors for economic and social development.

In poor countries in particular, dependency on expens-

ive energy resources such as oil is jeopardising devel-

opment efforts and the attainment of the Millennium

Development Goals. These risks can be reduced

through better energy efficiency and the use of local

renewable energies. The use of revenues from oil and

gas exports must be transparent. Profits must be in-

vested in development measures in order to benefit

the people in these countries.

Europe and Africa have common interests in the en-

ergy sector - security of supply on both continents, ac-

cess to sustainable energy services, climate protection

and adaptation to climate change, and poverty reduc-

tion - which can only be fulfilled through joint action.

A fair and viable energy partnership between the two

continents is therefore essential.


of the German EU Council Presidency was to work towards an equitable energy

partnership between Africa and Europe.

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Energy partnership safeguards development.

The establishment of a long-term, broad-based energy

partnership between Africa and Europe has been

successfully initiated and its development policy focus

secured.

The key elements are: strengthening the dialogue on

energy security, promotion of framework conditions

that are conducive to investment in the energy sector

and boosting investment, especially in renewables

and energy efficiency, use of the revenue from oil and

gas imports for development, increased transparency,

mitigation of climate change and the requisite adapta-

tion measures.

The energy partnership will be a key element of

the new joint Africa Strategy to be adopted at the

EU-Africa Summit in Lisbon at the end of 2007.


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Europe drives fair trade forward

Europe is the most important trade partner for many

developing countries and exerts significant influence

over the world trade order.

Economic Partnership Agreements between the EU

and the ACP countries are to be concluded before the

end of 2007 in order to promote these partner coun-

tries’ integration into the world economy and combat

poverty. For the first time, the aim is to capitalise on

the opportunities afforded by trade policy to combat

poverty effectively and promote sustainable eco-

nomic development.

The Economic Partnership Agreements will set trade

relations between the EU and the ACP countries on a

new footing. The current preferential arrangements

for the ACP countries do not comply with the rules es-

tablished by the World Trade Organization (WTO).

The new Agreements must be in place by the end of

2007, when the current WTO waiver is due to expire.

The Agreements will improve the ACP countries’ ac-

cess to the European markets, thereby strengthening

these countries’ position in international and regional

trade and improving their regional integration. The

Economic Partnership Agreements pursue a broad-

based approach. Besides improving market access,

they also aim to strengthen the ACP countries’ pro-

duction and trade capacities.

This will open up new opportunities for the ACP coun-

tries to participate on an equal footing in global trade

and promote sustainable economic development.

Aid for Trade supports the developing countries’ ef-

fective participation in world trade. For example, it in-

cludes measures for private-sector promotion and

effective institution-building. It thus links economic

development with poverty reduction. Through Aid

for Trade, the ACP countries will be supported as they

implement the Economic Partnership Agreements.


of the German EU Council Presidency was to prepare the way for the Economic Partnership Agree-

ments to be concluded within the deadline and for the Agreements to be made conducive to devel-

opment.

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Trade agreements which combat poverty and promote development


ments can be concluded within the deadline before

the end of 2007. A key factor facilitating this process

was the EU’s comprehensive and attractive offer to the

ACP countries.

Europe has agreed to open up its single market. The

ACP countries will be granted full duty-free and

quota-free market access in the EU – with transitional

periods for a number of highly sensitive products such

as sugar and rice. The ACP countries are only required

to open their own markets on a gradual and flexible

basis. Sensitive products can be exempted and long

transitional periods will protect the ACP countries’

economies. Flanking measures in the development

policy field are intended to ensure that the Agree-

ments are effective in terms of poverty reduction and

sustainable development.

Numerous meetings and intensive dialogue, based on

partnership, between the EU and the ACP countries

has established a basis of mutual trust and confidence.

In a difficult and complex field, this has paved the way

for the further successful negotiation of the Agree-

ments.

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Aid for Trade to be expanded and improved

By 2010, the EU will increase its spending on Aid for

Trade to two billion euros a year. Half of this amount

will be provided by the European Commission and

half by the Member States.

By autumn 2007, the EU will adopt a joint strategy on

Aid for Trade. This will be binding on EU development

policy and the bilateral development policies pursued

by its Member States. The policy framework for the

strategy has been established, and includes continu-

ous consultation with partner countries, progress

reviews, and the development of a roadmap for the

progressive fulfilment of the 2010 target.


22


Europe strengthens gender equality

Discrimination against women not only violates hu-

man rights; it also makes no economic sense. Gender

equality and women’s economic autonomy generate

economic growth and social development. Poverty re-

duction, sustainable development and the developing

countries’ integration into the world economy can

only be achieved if women’s rights are respected

throughout the world.

Gender equality is a cross-cutting political task and a

core Millennium Development Goal. The empower-

ment of women is also a stated priority of European

development cooperation. The EU has established the

promotion of gender equality as a separate objective

in the European Consensus on Development.

Despite much progress, the outcomes of the Com-

munity’s development policy in this area are far from

satisfactory. Clear criteria and practical agreements

on policy implementation are required in order to

achieve genuine empowerment of women.


of the German EU Council Presidency was to ensure that gender equality is

implemented consistently in European development policy.

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Development policy is consistently promoting gender equality.

A clear framework and political and operational cri-

teria for the consistent mainstreaming of gender

equality in all areas of development policy have been

adopted. Women’s interests must be considered in

the political dialogue with the partner countries, in

programming and budgeting, and in the develop-

ment and implementation of concepts and country

strategies. This also applies to areas such as trade,

infrastructure, environment, agriculture, good gov-

ernance, peacebuilding and reconstruction.

In this way, women’s equality and participation will

be recognised to a greater extent in development co-

operation and be subject to greater accountability

than before.


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Europe is resolutely combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis

Every year, more than six million people die of HIV/

AIDS, tuberculosis or malaria. AIDS alone claims three

million lives every year. 94 per cent of the 40 million

HIV-positive people in the world live in developing

countries, and 70 per cent of them live in sub-Saharan

Africa. AIDS is the cause of immense suffering for mil-

lions of people and is a major obstacle to development.

Some countries are so badly affected by the disease

that dramatic economic and social consequences are

becoming visible.

Increasingly, it is women who are suffering and dying

from the disease. Women already account for the ma-

jority of those infected. The number of new infections

is also very high among women, particularly among

young women under 15 years of age. The risk of infec-

tion is three times higher for young women than for

men.

A key factor in combating HIV/AIDS and other life-

threatening infectious diseases are health systems

which are accessible and affordable for everyone and

which can provide decent care for the sick. Health sys-

tems must therefore be strengthened with the provi-

sion of adequate financial resources and well-trained

medical staff.

Qualified health workers are in short supply world-

wide. The developing countries are especially hard hit

by this shortage and suffer additionally as a result of

targeted recruitment of their trained health workers

by the industrialised countries.


of the German EU Council Presidency was to resolutely support the fight against HIV/AIDS.

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The fight against AIDS is being intensified and geared towards new challenges.

The EU’s HIV/AIDS strategy has been updated and

adapted to new challenges. Protecting women and

girls from infection and disease is a special focus of at-

tention. This includes strengthening women’s rights

of self-determination and combating the stigmatisa-

tion and discrimination suffered by persons with

HIV/AIDS.

More money for the campaign against

life-threatening infectious diseases

The EU is increasing its funding to combat HIV/AIDS

and other infectious diseases. The Global Fund to

Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria will receive

38 million euros from the remaining funds of the 9th

EDF.

Combating the shortage of health workers

The EU is launching a package of measures to address

the acute shortage of health workers in the developing

countries and prevent the targeted recruitment of

medical personnel by the industrialised countries. A

joint Programme of Action was adopted for this pur-

pose.



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Europe is strengthening its coordination in the international arena

Global challenges such as sustainable development or

climate change can only be mastered through inter-

national cooperation. The EU, as the world’s largest

donor in the field of development cooperation, bears

a high degree of responsibility here within the multi-

lateral organisations. Stronger coordination is there-

fore required with the United Nations (UN) system, the

World Bank, the regional development banks and

other actors.

The same applies to better coordination in the event

of crises, disasters and emergencies to which develop-

ing countries are often vulnerable and for which they

are often poorly prepared. Examples are the armed

conflicts in Sudan, the earthquake in Pakistan, droughts

and famines in the Sahel region, and the devastating

tsunami which hit South-East Asia in 2004. Better

international coordination can help ensure that

emergency relief such as food aid and reconstruction

assistance reach the affected communities more

swiftly and effectively.


of the German EU Council Presidency was to strengthen the EU’s political contribution in the

international arena.

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The EU has further expanded its influence in international processes and multilateral

organisations.

A joint European position on the reform processes in

the UN’s development cooperation has been estab-

lished and adopted as policy. The European countries

have increasingly put forward unified positions in the

World Bank. Similarly, the EU has stepped up its policy

coordination in the regional development banks.

To achieve more effective coordination in interna-

tional environmental policy, the EU has agreed a strat-

egy to improve implementation of the United Nations

Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Con-

vention on Biological Diversity, and the Convention

to Combat Desertification.

New efforts are under way to renegotiate the Food Aid

Convention. This Convention is an important mechan-

ism in setting rules for efficient cooperation on the

provision of emergency relief and safeguarding the

long-term food security of affected communities.

The EU is thus an active player in the continuous de-

velopment and enhancement of global governance. It

ensures that European values are asserted – on issues

as diverse as peacekeeping or the reduction of carbon

emissions.


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Europe is working successfully in the Trio

The start of the German EU Council Presidency was

the prelude to a new and exciting feature of European

politics: the Trio Presidency.

Germany is working closely with Portugal and Slove-

nia - the countries which will hold the next two Coun-

cil Presidencies after Germany – with a joint work pro-

gramme for the 18-month period from January 2007

to June 2008. This allows work to be undertaken on

longer-term initiatives and themes extending beyond

the individual six-month Presidencies, thereby

enhancing the continuity of European politics and

fostering cohesion in Europe.

The objective of the Trio Presidency is

to help shape European development cooperation through joint initiatives.

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This has been achieved so far:

Strategically significant joint initiatives are bearing fruit.

The Trio has produced a joint development policy

framework document and a work programme setting

out the topics and challenges which it is predicted will

face European development cooperation in the future.

The Trio Presidency has commissioned studies on vari-

ous themes, which are conducted under the lead of

one of the Trio partners. The findings are channelled

into the EU’s work and thus influence policy-making.

Under Germany’s lead, a study has been conducted

into ways of improving the division of labour among

donors in Europe. Portugal will contribute a study into

the problem of fragile states, with proposals on updat-

ing the EU’s strategy in this area. Slovenia is planning a

study on the further development of the EU’s strategy

to provide better protection for women and children

in armed conflicts.

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Major milestones

Numerous meetings with development policy actors from government, civil society and the private sector

in Germany, the EU and the partner countries have all contributed to the success of the Presidency.

Informal Meeting of EU Ministers for Development

Cooperation and Informal ACP-EU Dialogue,

Petersberg near Bonn, 12–13 March 2007

Central issues in European development policy fea-

tured on the agenda for this meeting, which also

adopted the Petersberg Communiqué on European

Development Policy. It was the first time that the Euro-

pean Commission and the EU development ministers

met with 30 ministers representing the group of

African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries to dis-

cuss the Economic Partnership Agreements between

the EU and the ACP countries.

Meeting of the General Affairs and External Rela-

tions Council (GAERC) with a focus on development

policy, Brussels, 14–15 May 2007

At this meeting, chaired by German Development Min-

ister Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul, the EU development

ministers adopted Council Conclusions on key issues in

European development policy. The decisions, which

are binding on the EU Member States and the Euro-

pean Commission, related to all the key development

topics on the German EU Council Presidency’s agenda.

Meeting of the ACP-EU Council of Ministers,

Brussels, 24 –25 May 2007

This meeting focussed on the Economic Partnership

Agreements, which must be concluded before the end

of 2007. The Council of Ministers accepted the joint re-

view of the status of the negotiations on the Economic

Partnership Agreements.

ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly,

Wiesbaden, 23 –28 June 2007

79 parliamentarians from the ACP countries and

79 Members of the European Parliament met to dis-

cuss their cooperation. The Economic Partnership

Agreements were the key development issue on the

agenda.

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Links for further information

www.eu2007.de

The German government’s website

for the EU Council Presidency

www.bmz.de/eu2007

The BMZ’s website for the

EU Council Presidency

www.bmz.de/g8-2007

The BMZ’s website for the

G8 Presidency

http://www.eu2007.de

http://www.bmz.de/eu2007

http://www.bmz.de/g8-2007


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Editor-in-chief Dr Ute SchmittFinal editing Steffen BeitzOfficials responsible Hildegard Hoven, Dr Friedrich KitscheltLayout and design MediaCompany Berlin GmbHPrinted by DCM Druckcenter Meckenheim

Printed on 100% recycled paperPhoto credits Cover: Tradesman, Burundi / Roemers, laif; p. 3: Market vendor, Burundi / Roemers, laif; p. 4: General Mompati

Merafhe, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Botswana, Mohlabi K. Tsekoa, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lesotho,Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul, German Development Minister (l. to r.) / BPA, Faßbinder; p. 9: Flags of EU MemberStates/ Reporters, laif; p. 11: EU Development Ministers at Petersberg conference / Tim M. Hoesmann; p. 13: Women,Burkina Faso / RAPHO, laif; p. 15: Côte d’Ivoire fans, 2006 football World Cup / imago, Sven Simon; p. 17: IT students,Benin / Jorgen Schytte, Still Pictures; p. 18: Radio editor, Uganda / Kuenzig, laif; p. 19: Tailor, Burkina Faso / Krause,laif; p. 21: Wind turbines / BPA, Faßbender; p. 23: Rum distillery, Jamaica / Heeb, laif; p. 25: Grape harvest, SouthAfrica / Hartwig Lohmeyer, Joker; p. 27: Rose workers / REA, laif; p. 29: HIV/AIDS activist, Zambia/ Gideon Mendel,Corbis; p. 31: Coffee factory, Ethiopia / Torfinn, laif; p. 32: State Secretary Andrej Šter of Slovenia, German Develop-ment Minister, Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul, and State Secretary João Gomes Cravinho of Portugal (l. to r.) / LiesaJohannssen, photothek.net; p. 33: Flags / Tim M. Hoesmann; p. 35: Snapshot of 2007 World Social Forum, Kenya /REA, laif

As at June 2007

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