Eurofins Global Control · Pesticide findings by Eurofins Global Control 01.08 ... 1511 0,98 0,047...

www.eurofins.de

Eurofins Global Control

Thomas Unger, Managing Director

ANUGA_Rice Conference 2017


Eurofins Presence Worldwide

130,000

Methods

30,000

Staff

41

Countries

1

Eurofins

375

Laboratories

2

Global Control International Network

21

96 Countries

Afghanistan

Albania

Algeria

Argentina

Australia

Austria

Belgium

Benin

Bolivia

Brazil

Bulgaria

Burkina Faso

Cambodia

Canada

Caribbean Region

Chile

China

Colombia

Costa Rica

Cote de Ivories

Croatia

Djibouti

Denmark

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Estonia

Ethiopia

France

Germany

Ghana

Greece

Guatemala

Honduras

Hungary

Iceland

India

Indonesia

Iran

Israel

Italy

Japan

Kazakhstan

Kenya

Laos

Latvia

Lithuania

Madagascar

Malaysia

Malawi

Mexico

Morocco

Mozambique

Myanmar

Namibia

Netherlands

Nicaragua

Nigeria

Pakistan

Panama

Paraguay

Peru

Philippines

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Russia

Salvador

Saudi Arabia

Serbia

Seychelles

Slovakia

Sweden

Switzerland

Spain

Sri Lanka

South Africa

South Korea

Tanzania

Taiwan

Tajikistan

Thailand

Tunisia

Turkey

Turkmenistan

United Arabic Emirates

Uganda

United Kingdom

Ukraine

Uruguay

United States of America

Uzbekistan

Vietnam

Zambia

Zimbabwe

More countries on demand Bold printed countries are those we also perform audits in

3 ANUGA_Rice Conference 2017

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Number

Year

Rapid alerts in rice, EU RASFF

TOTAL

GMO

aflatoxins

ochratoxin

pesticides

inorg.arsenic


EU rapid alerts for rice, RASFF

4

Source: RASFF, EU

The Challenges

First Challenge: GMO

5

• NO GM rice cultivated

officially worldwide

• US LL rice

contamination under

control

• nevertheless Bt rice

contaminating Chinese

rice products like

noodles, crackers,

sauces etc. and out of

control

• since 2010 also

spreading in South Asia


6

Differences in worldwide legislation

Second Challenge: Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A

No legal limit, action

level of FDA:

20 µg/kg (sum)

Maximum legal limit:

2.0 µg/kg (B1)

4.0 µg/kg (sum)

No legal limit,

Action level, MHLW:

10 µg/kg (sum)

Aflatoxins

• major problem in Pakistani Basmati rice

• major cause: improper storage and drying of paddy

Sun drying in Pakistan,

major cause for aflatoxins


http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Flag_of_Europe.svg&filetimestamp=20081021155534

http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Flag_of_Japan.svg&filetimestamp=20090916032838

Third Challenge: Pesticides

Differences of MRLs worldwide for rice

* Default MRL

** MRL for brown rice

*** approval for rice expired

Compound EU Codex India Corea Japan Russia USA

Chlorpyrifos 0.05 0.5 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01*

Chlorpyrifos-methyl 3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.01 6

Buprofezin 0.5 1 0.5 0.01 0.01*

Carbendazim 0.01 2 0.5 0.1 1 0.2 0.01*

Isoprothiolane 5 0.1 0.5 2** 0.3 0.01*

Tricyclazole 1 0.02 0.7 3 0.01 0.01

Fipronil 0.005 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.005 0.04***

Pirimiphos-methyl 5 7 0.05 1 0.2 1 0.01*

Propiconazole 1.5 0.05 0.7 0.1 0.1 7

7

4

2014: US increases

tricyclazole MRL

0.01

Next EU candidate

0.01

2017: EU decreases

tricyclazole MRL


The Pesticide Hit Parade, Top 40

8

Pesticide findings by Eurofins Global Control 01.08.2016 – 19.09.2017

Total number of tested samples: 4322

Number of pesticide positive samples: 2788

Chemical Number

samples

Max

(mg/kg)

Average

(mg/kg)

% of

samples

Chemical Number

samples

Max (mg/kg) Average

(mg/kg)

% of

samples Tricyclazol 1838 1,4 0,043 42,53% Biphenyl 118 0,098 0,022 2,73%

Isoprothiolan 1760 3,3 0,156 40,72% Difenoconazol 102 1,6 0,066 2,36%

Propiconazol 1599 0,6 0,034 37,00% Diphenylamin (DPA) 97 0,2 0,052 2,24%

Buprofezin 1511 0,98 0,047 34,96% Azoxystrobin 88 0,098 0,023 2,04%

Tebuconazol 1235 1 0,044 28,57% Quinclorac 77 0,036 0,016 1,78%

Triazophos 1076 0,38 0,033 24,90% Flubendiamid 66 0,065 0,021 1,53%

Carbendazim/Benomyl 735 0,46 0,016 17,01% Diethyltoluamid 58 1,3 0,084 1,34%

Thiamethoxam 705 0,28 0,030 16,31% Cyhalothrin, lambda- 56 0,053 0,016 1,30%

Imidacloprid 679 0,14 0,022 15,71% Acetamiprid 54 1,4 0,100 1,25%

Chlorpyrifos (-ethyl) 661 8,3 0,088 15,29% Phorate-sulfoxid 52 0,023 0,015 1,20%

Profenofos 508 0,23 0,031 11,75% Pirimiphos-methyl 51 4,9 0,170 1,18%

Hexaconazol 477 0,082 0,018 11,04% Fipronil 50 0,071 0,016 1,16%

Acephat 457 1,5 0,048 10,57% Cyproconazol 45 0,022 0,014 1,04%

4-Brom-2-Chlorphenol 422 0,17 0,021 9,76% Trifloxystrobin 44 0,11 0,030 1,02%

Malathion 350 20,7 0,524 8,10% Fipronil (Summe) 40 0,09 0,017 0,93%

Methamidophos 311 0,53 0,031 7,20% 2,4-D 31 0,025 0,015 0,72%

Fenobucarb 213 0,088 0,022 4,93% Bifenthrin 30 0,098 0,034 0,69%

Piperonylbutoxid 186 52,1 0,635 4,30% Carbofuran 26 0,012 0,002 0,60%

Clothianidin 177 0,089 0,023 4,10% Picoxystrobin 20 0,33 0,063 0,46%

Ethiprol 131 0,043 0,019 3,03% Fluopyram 12 0,12 0,062 0,28%

First Sustainable Rice Conference 2017

Pesticide residues in organic food

9

Italy no yes

Wallonia no yes

(unless shown that resulting from

external factors)

United Kingdom no no

IFOAM Guideline yes no

EOCC Guideline yes in discussion

US market no yes

Guideline / legislation concept of …

‘orientation value‘ ‘critical level‘

BNN Orientation value yes yes

(but only for BNN members)

Bio Suisse decision chart yes no

(but in discussion)

Source: Speiser et al.(2013): Guideline for handling pesticide residues in Czech organic production

Diversity in interpretations of pesticide residues in organic food


Fourth Challenge: Inorganic Arsenic

•Factors : rice variety, pH

and redox potential of soil

•EU limits: 0.1 mg/kg for

baby food, 0.2 for white

milled and 0.25 for brown

and parboiled rice

•Codex Alimentarius limits

under discussion

10

Source: Amini et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 3669–3675


Further Challenges

1. Authenticity of rice specialities:

a. Basmati, Jasmine, Sushi, Risotto etc.

b. Legislation: UK Code of Practice, French Rice Code, EU import

tariff exemption Basmati rice, law in source countries

c. Analysis: DNA fingerprinting

2. Contamination with mineral oils, MOSH/MOAH

a. Sources: packaging materials, spraying, jute bags

b. Legislation: in the EU under development


Revised UK Code of Practice, 2017

12 3rd ANUGA Rice Conference

Sources for MOSH/MOAH contaminations

13

1. a) nearly all rice contaminated from environment (<< 1 mg/kg);

2. b) harvesting adds lubricating or fuel oil

3. c) jute bags primarily contaminate Asian rice, at 2-15 mg/kg;

4. d) most rice packed in paperboard boxes contaminated from inks or recycled board;

5. e) no data available from antidusting by mineral oil;

6. f) occasionally rice is still sprayed with mineral oil

Source: EFSA Journal 2012;10(6):2704


How to meet the challenges?

Classically by preshipment inspections

- major disadvantage: only a cross-section through a lot

can be checked for compliance

- for GMO and mycotoxins a proper sampling is

indispensable (acc. EU regulation or Codex)

- buying/ selling decision depends on results of testing

(time consuming and risky)


How to meet the challenges?

Better - Good Practices of agriculture, storage,

transport and processing

a) GMO: stringent control of seed materials

b) aflatoxins: drying of paddy immediately after harvest

c) pesticides: awareness building of farmers to use

agro-chemicals rationally

d) inorganic arsenic: agricultural practices like deficit

irrigation


Appryza


An App for farmers to use

pesticides rationally

Further readings

17

Rice Processing is the new standard handbook for the rice

milling industry and related professions. Leading experts from

science and industry around the world have teamed up to gather

the latest research and pooled their state-of-the-art expertise on

rice, rice milling and rice-based value added products. The book

is technically profound, yet easy to read for both professionals

and those new to the field. The book contains introductions into

agriculture, morphology and trade. It gives detailed information

on drying, cooling, storage, parboiling and milling. Additional

chapters deal with issues from rice quality and food safety to

value-added rice-based products.

J. Sontag (ed.)

268 pages, hardcover, 2014

Art.-Nr.: 093-6

ISBN: 978-3-86263-093-6

In:


Contact


Thomas Unger

Phone +49-40-49294-3459

Mobile +49-162-237 01 34

Mail [email protected]

Eurofins Global Control GmbH

Neuländer Kamp 1

D-21079 Hamburg

[email protected]

www.global-testing.de

mailto:[email protected]

Eurofins Global Control · Pesticide findings by Eurofins Global Control 01.08 ... 1511 0,98 0,047...

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