EU enlargement 2010

8/2/2019 EU enlargement 2010

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Enlargement of the EU


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U2 allowed free of charge use of theirhit song New Years Day in a video

prepared by the EuropeanCommission.

The video shows a transformation ofPoland in last 20 years from a

perspective of a 20-year-old woman.

The video is designed to celebrate thebenefits of what EU enlargement can

bring.
http://www.youtube.com/eutubehttp://www.youtube.com/eutube


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Previous enlargements

1951 ECSC:

France,Italy, Germany, Belgium,The Netherlands, Luxembourg

1973:Denmark, Ireland, and UK

1981:Greece

1986:Spain and Portugal

1995:Austria, Finland and Sweden

2004:Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary,Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia,Slovenia.

2007Romania and Bulgaria


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The European Union on the map

New Member States (2007)

Bulgaria, Romania

Candidate CountriesCroatia; FYROM (Former Yugoslav Republic ofMacedonia); Turkey

Potential Candidate Countries

Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro,Serbia;Kosovo under UNSCR 1244; Iceland


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Conditions for Membership

Treaty of the European Union (TEU) / (also known asMaastricht Treaty)

Article 49 of the TEU:

Any European State which respects the principles set out in Article6(1) may apply to become a member of the Union.

Article 6 of the TEU:

The Union is founded on the principles of liberty, democracy,respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the ruleof law, principles which are common to the Member States.


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Conditions for membershipCopenhagen - June, 1993

1) Political criteria (enshrined in the TEU, article 6)The applicant country must have achieved stability of its institutions guaranteeingdemocracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection ofminorities.

2) Economic criteria

Functioning market economy / must be able to cope with single market

Capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within theEU.

3) Implementation criteria

Ability to take on the obligations related to membership, including adherence tothe aims of political, economic and monetary union, and to implement themefficiently and effectively.

Must adopt EU laws.


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The 2004 Enlargement


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The 2004 enlargement

On1st May 2004, after 15 years of reforms, 10 newcountries became members of the European Union.

Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia;

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania;

Slovenia;

Cyprus and Malta.

This enlargement added 75 million new citizens to the EU

increasing its population to 450 million. Supporters say this is the symbol of Europe reconciliation

after nearly 50 years of being torn apart.


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Benefits of the 2004 Enlargement (1)

Extended the zone of peace, stability and prosperityand set durably stable democracies in Europe

75 millionnew potential consumers and producersin rapidly growing economies

Positive trade balance for EU 15 (jobs maintained orcreated)

Encourages countries to become more democratic and

respect the rule of law


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Benefits of the 2004 Enlargement (2)

Great impacts :

Level playing field for economic operators extended

Same EU rules and standards across the 25 countries

Goods, services, capital and people circulate freely(transitional periods on the free movement of workers).

Western Europe needed cheap labour from the new memberstates to fill gaps in the job market

Improved environment and food safety as new membershave adopted EU environment and food safety policies


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Disadvantages of the 2004 Enlargement (1)

Burden on regional development funds/policy and CAP.

Lower taxes in accession countries - could meanbusinesses relocate there from Western states?

Migration from Eastern Europe taking jobs from citizens ofWestern member states?

European culture could undermined?


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Disadvantages of the 2004 Enlargement (2)

European political system put under strain pressure onthe institutions?

Imported organised crime?

No referendum ever called on enlargement processregarded as undemocratic?


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Accession of Bulgaria and Romania - 2007

Completes 2004 enlargement.With the accession of Bulgaria and Romania,

The Europe of 27 is :

Total population: 493 million

GDP per inhabitant : EUR 21,503 (2004)

Geographical Area (in 1,000 Km):

Europe 25 : Approx. 4,000 Bulgaria 110,9 Romania 238,4

Sources: Eurostat


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Turkey / Croatia / FYROM Negotiation process


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Accession Negotiations: the process

Opening of chapters to the negotiations:

Screening extensive process.

Benchmarks may be set to the candidate country conditions to be met.

EU-27 unanimous decision (Intergovernmental conference)

For each chapter to be opened:

Negotiating position by candidate country

Draft Common Position by Commission to the Member States

EU common position adopted by MS unanimously


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Commission

Draftcommonpositions

Council27 Member

States

Negotiation procedure

CandidateCountry


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Accession negotiations: Chapters

1. Free movement of goods

2. Freedom of movement for workers3. Right of establishment and freedom

to provide services

4. Free movement of capital

5. Public procurement

6. Company law

7. Intellectual property law8. Competition policy

9. Financial services

10. Information society and media

11. Agriculture

12. Food safety, veterinary andphytosanitary policy

13. Fisheries

14. Transport policy

15. Energy

16. Taxation

17. Economic and monetary policy

18. Statistics

19. Social policy and employment

20. Enterprise and industrial policy21. Trans-European Networks

22. Regional policy and coordinationof structural instruments

23. Judiciary and fundamental rights

24. Justice, freedom and security

25. Science and research26. Education and culture

27. Environment

28. Consumers and health protection

29. Customs union

30. External relations

31. Foreign security and defence policy

32. Financial control

33. Financial and budgetary provisions

34. Institutions

35. Other issues


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Candidate countries

Under negotiation Croatia

opening of accession negotiations October 3 , 2005

Turkeyopening of accession negotiations October 3 , 2005

Candidate status

The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia:(European Council, December 2005)


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Pre-accession Assistance

(1) Croatia and FYROM benefit also of part of CARDS regional cooperationassistance for Western Balkans .

2004-2006

Turkey 1050 M

Croatia ( 1 ) 326 M

FYROM ( 1 ) 144M


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Turkey:The long road to Accession Negotiations

1963Association Agreement (Ankara)

1987Membership application

1995Customs Union

1999European Council Helsinki: candidate country status

Since 2002successive Reform packages

2004

Turkey supports UNSG Annan plan for the reunificationof Cyprus


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Turkey: Start of the NegotiationDecember 2004European Council :formal opening of negotiations, subject to additionallegislative reforms + signature of Protocol to the Ankara Agreement.(TK sufficiently fulfils political criteria).

July 2005Signature of Protocol to Ankara Agreement extendingthe Customs Union to all Members States

3 October 2005Adoption of the negotiation framework (agreed under the UK presidencyof the Council after much negotiation with Austria). Formal opening ofaccession negotiations.

June 2006Opening and provisional closure of negotiationsof Science and Research chapter


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Three pillars strategy for Turkey

Political reforms: Accession Partnership + Regular Reports to monitor the process

Increased financial assistance from 2004 to promote reforms.

Continuous efforts needed i.a. on democracy and human rights, freedomof expression, freedom of religion, womens rights, of minorities,and structural and market reforms.

Negotiation scheme: IGC UE-25 Turkey Unanimity required. Benchmarking before opening of negotiations.

Negotiations to be closed not before 2014, (new financial perspectives).

Possibility to suspend negotiations in case of violations of political criteria.

Civil Society Dialogue: strengthening links EU-Turkey. Civil Society

(Communication in June 2005).


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Croatia

2001

Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) signed.

February 2005SAA in force.

March 2004Positive Commission opinion.

June 2004Positive opinion endorsed by European Council.

December 2004European Council decides opening of negotiations for March 2005,subject to full cooperation with ICTY.

Negotiations postponed:Full cooperation with ICTY not achieved.

3 October 2005Negotiations opened after full cooperation with ICTY.

June 2006Opening and provisional closureof Science and Research chapter.


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The Former Yugoslav Republic ofMacedonia (FYROM)

April 2001Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) signed

March 2004Application for membership

April 2004Entry into force of the SAA

November 2005Commissions opinion: recommends candidate status+ further progress in reform process before negotiationscan be opened

December 2005

European Council agrees candidate status granted.


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Other Western Balkan countries


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The potential candidates:Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro

European vocation confirmed at European Councilof March 2006, following Thessaloniki Agenda of 2003.

Continuation of the Stabilization and Association Process (SAP) :the overall EU policy framework for the Western Balkans.Main SAP instruments:

Stabilization and Association Agreements (SAA)

trade measures

financial assistance (CARDS program)

Regional cooperation

Close monitoring:annual Progress reports + European Partnerships.


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EU- Western Balkan relations (May 2006)

Status of negotiations

Albania SAA agreement signed in February 2006

Bosnia andHerzegovina

Ongoing negotiations for an SAA

Kosovo underUNSCR 1244 Future status negotiated under United Nations

Montenegro New mandate for an SAA has been adapted afterindependence

Serbia SAA negotiations frozen until full cooperationwith ICTY. SAA mandate has been adapted aftersplit with Montenegro


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Financial Assistance for Western BalkanCountries: from CARDS to IPA

CARDS 2005 -2006

Provides financial assistance to potential candidate

Priority sectors for 2005-2006:

Administrative capacity building

democratic stabilisation

justice and home affairs

economic and social development

environment and natural resources

IPA from 2007 onwards:All candidates and potential candidate countries will be eligible to thenew financial instrument (IPA)

EU enlargement 2010

Documents

Transcript of EU enlargement 2010