Estimation of Acreage & Crop Estimation of Acreage & Crop Production through Remote Sensing & Production through Remote Sensing &

GIS TechniqueGIS Technique

Abhishek Kumar MauryaAbhishek Kumar Maurya Research ScholarResearch Scholar

Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot GramodayaMahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya

Vishawavidayala Satna (M.P.)Vishawavidayala Satna (M.P.)

IntroductionIntroduction

Soybean is an important crop in Madhya Pradesh. The crop is grown in Soybean is an important crop in Madhya Pradesh. The crop is grown in average 21.88 lakh hectare areas. The production and area can be average 21.88 lakh hectare areas. The production and area can be estimated in a very concise method and in very less time with maximum estimated in a very concise method and in very less time with maximum accuracy. Remote Sensing technique provides a methodology to map areas accuracy. Remote Sensing technique provides a methodology to map areas of Soybean field with the help of MODIS (TERRA) Satellite data and GIS of Soybean field with the help of MODIS (TERRA) Satellite data and GIS (Geographical Information System) database. MODIS (Moderate-Resolution (Geographical Information System) database. MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite image offers a large choice of Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite image offers a large choice of opportunities for operational application in a large area. Study area is opportunities for operational application in a large area. Study area is selected and located with the help of time series (June 1st week to October selected and located with the help of time series (June 1st week to October 2nd week MODIS Images) which provides maximum accuracy. A concept of 2nd week MODIS Images) which provides maximum accuracy. A concept of assessing areas of potential cultivation of Soybean is suggested by means assessing areas of potential cultivation of Soybean is suggested by means of GIS technique. Integrating MODIS data with GIS techniques and time of GIS technique. Integrating MODIS data with GIS techniques and time series based assessment (June 1st week to October 2nd week) the actual series based assessment (June 1st week to October 2nd week) the actual areas of Soybean fields have been mapped and yield production have been areas of Soybean fields have been mapped and yield production have been predicted. The Soybean acreage area and production accuracy is 80.72% predicted. The Soybean acreage area and production accuracy is 80.72% and there is a 7% increase (compared to 2006) in 2007.and there is a 7% increase (compared to 2006) in 2007.

LocationLocation MapMap

Fig-1 Location map of study areaFig-1 Location map of study area

Bhopal, Lat Bhopal, Lat 23°07’ to 23°54’ N, Long 77°12’ to 77°40’ E, Area 2,772 sq. km23°07’ to 23°54’ N, Long 77°12’ to 77°40’ E, Area 2,772 sq. kmDewas, Lat 20º17' to 23º20' N, Long 75º54' to 77º08' E, Area 7,020 sq. kmDewas, Lat 20º17' to 23º20' N, Long 75º54' to 77º08' E, Area 7,020 sq. km

Guna, Lat 24º53’ N to 25º6'55 N, Long 77º48' E to 78º16' E, Area 6,308 sq. kmGuna, Lat 24º53’ N to 25º6'55 N, Long 77º48' E to 78º16' E, Area 6,308 sq. kmIndore, Lat 22°02’ to 23° 05’ N, Long 75°25 to 76°16’ E, Area 3,898 sq. kmIndore, Lat 22°02’ to 23° 05’ N, Long 75°25 to 76°16’ E, Area 3,898 sq. kmRaisen, Lat 22°47' to 23°33' N, Lang 77°21' to 78°49' E, Area 8,395 sq. kmRaisen, Lat 22°47' to 23°33' N, Lang 77°21' to 78°49' E, Area 8,395 sq. km

Rajgarh, Lat 23°27' to 24°17' N, Long 76°11' to 77°14' E, Area 6,154 sq. kmRajgarh, Lat 23°27' to 24°17' N, Long 76°11' to 77°14' E, Area 6,154 sq. kmSagar, Lat 23°10’ to 24°27’ N, Long 78°4’ to 79°21’ E, Area 6,375 sq. kmSagar, Lat 23°10’ to 24°27’ N, Long 78°4’ to 79°21’ E, Area 6,375 sq. km

Sehore, Lat 22°31' to 23°40' N, Long 76°22' to 78°08' E, Area 6,578 sq. kmSehore, Lat 22°31' to 23°40' N, Long 76°22' to 78°08' E, Area 6,578 sq. kmShajapur, Lat 23º06' to 24º19' N, Long 75º41' to 77º02' E, Area 6,196 sq.kmShajapur, Lat 23º06' to 24º19' N, Long 75º41' to 77º02' E, Area 6,196 sq.kmUjjain, Lat 23º18’ to 24019’ N, Long 75º45’ to 76058 E, Area 6,091 sq. kmUjjain, Lat 23º18’ to 24019’ N, Long 75º45’ to 76058 E, Area 6,091 sq. km

Vidisha, Lat 23°21' to 24°22' N, Long 77°15' to 78°18' E, Area 7,371 sq. kmVidisha, Lat 23°21' to 24°22' N, Long 77°15' to 78°18' E, Area 7,371 sq. km

Map of M.P. StateMap of M.P. State

Fig-2 Input Image in parts of Madhya Pradesh (MODIS Terra 250 m. Resolution, 7-2-1 Band Combination) 1June 2007 with district boundary

MODIS Data

Fig-3 Input Image in parts of Madhya Pradesh (MODIS Terra 250 m. Resolution, 7-2-1 Band Combination) 1october 2007 with district boundary

MODIS satellite data and topographical sheets were used for Remote Sensing and GIS analysis. Maps showing the administrative boundary of Soybean

cultivated area.

MethodologyMethodology

Geo-referencing Geo-referencing Geo-referencing

Sub-Setting Study Area

Administrative boundary overlaying and Sub-setting

Administrative boundary overlaying Administrative boundary overlaying

Calculate the Acreage Estimation

Sub-Setting Study Area

Classification Classification Classification

Sub-Setting Study Area

2005 Image 2006 Image 2007 Image

and Sub-settingand Sub-setting

Acreage EstimationAcreage Estimation

District wise acreage estimation of Soybean was done by using District wise acreage estimation of Soybean was done by using the following mathematical calculations-the following mathematical calculations-

1. Area in meter1. Area in meter2 2 ==Numbers of pixels of clusters * Resolution of the Numbers of pixels of clusters * Resolution of the imageimage

2. Area in hectare= 2. Area in hectare= Area in meterArea in meter2 2 / 10,000/ 10,000

3. For MODIS - Area in meter3. For MODIS - Area in meter2 2 ==Numbers of pixels of clusters * Numbers of pixels of clusters * 250*250250*250

Flow Chart of Yield EstimationFlow Chart of Yield Estimation

2005 Image 2006 Image 2007 Image

Masking Process(Removed Other Crops)

Masking Process(Removed Other Crops)

Masking Process(Removed Other Crops)

Co-Relation of Production

Co-Relation of Production

Co-Relation of Production

NDVI Value NDVI Value NDVI Value

Soybean Prediction in 2007

Table-1 Extract NDVI values 2005, 2006, 2007 in parts of Table-1 Extract NDVI values 2005, 2006, 2007 in parts of Madhya Pradesh.Madhya Pradesh.

The production estimation was done using the following mathematical calculations-

Production= Estimated Acreage * Predicted Yield

ResultResult

The process indicated in methodology has been The process indicated in methodology has been used to extract the Soybean area in parts of used to extract the Soybean area in parts of Madhya Pradesh. The estimated Soybean area Madhya Pradesh. The estimated Soybean area of Madhya Pradesh (districts-wise) is given in of Madhya Pradesh (districts-wise) is given in the table below. On the image, green color is the table below. On the image, green color is assigned to Soybean in the table here gives assigned to Soybean in the table here gives the pixels and calculated area in parts of the pixels and calculated area in parts of Madhya Pradesh district wise in Table 2. Madhya Pradesh district wise in Table 2.

Table-2Table-2 Acreage of Soybean crop in parts of Madhya Pradesh Acreage of Soybean crop in parts of Madhya Pradesh

Table-3Table-3 Comparison of acreage of year 2007 with acreage Comparison of acreage of year 2007 with acreage

in the years 2005 & 2006in the years 2005 & 2006

The total acreage of soybean estimated using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques in the different major districts of Madhya Pradesh is 26.5 in Lakh ha.

Based on the satellite derived estimates of soybean acreage, Ujjain district has been adjudged the largest grower of Soybean during the current Kharif season with an estimated acreage of 421,106 ha. The other two major soybean growing districts, Shajapur (3, 08,087 ha) and Sagar (3,07,331 ha) have almost similar acreage of area under soybean.

In Bhopal, although the acreage under soybean has increased as compared to last two years, but it is still the district with least acreage of soybean among the districts under study.

Table-4 Comparison of Satellite Estimated yield of year 2007 Table-4 Comparison of Satellite Estimated yield of year 2007 with that of field derived yield in the years in 2005 & 2006with that of field derived yield in the years in 2005 & 2006

Fig-5 Multi dates MODIS images NDVI values of soybean crop in 2007

0.725

0.731

0.742

0.715 0.72 0.725 0.73 0.735 0.74 0.745

12th September

15th September

13th September

2005

2006

2007

Soyabin Yield Comparing 2005, 2006 & 2007

Fig-6 NDVI values soybean crop 2005, 2006 and 2007 in parts of Madhya Pradesh on the Bar Chart

Table-5 Table-5 Total Soybean production in parts of M.PTotal Soybean production in parts of M.P

Area in Lakh ha and Production Lakh tonne

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