Essential Questions

1. What philosophies came out of Greek culture?

2. What was the effect of the Persian war?

Persian Wars• After Trojan wars,

the Greeks support a rebellion against Persia

• King Darius – 490 BC Battle of Marathon – loses

• Pheidippides runs 240 miles in two days to Marathon to tell them that they won the battle – dies on the spot

Sparta and Athens were always warring, but they united against what

common empire?

Results of Battle of Marathon

• Athens builds up navy• King Xerxes – 480 BC

Battle of Thermopylae – Persians attack and 300 Spartans led by Leonidas hold them off– Persia loses again

• Result: Delian League – defensive alliance with Athens in charge

The Golden Age of Athens 460 BC – 429 BC – (also called

Hellenistic Period)• Pericles – Opened all

political offices to any citizen

– More voice in government – direct democracy

– Great for the arts• Parthenon – temple

to Athena• More realistic art

style

Peloponnesian Wars 431 BC – 404 BC

• Peloponnesian League – counter to the Delian League – Sparta in Control

• Sparta destroys Attica (area where Athens was) – source of Athenian food.

• Athens falls – two causes:– A plague hits Athens– Sparta ally itself with Persia

– needs their navy to blockade Athenian port

• Ends true Greek Golden Age

EQ: What city-state the keepers of the Greek Golden Age?

Greek Philosophy

• Philosophy – system of beliefs

• Philosophers – “lovers of wisdom”

Essential Questions

1. What philosophies came out of Greek culture?

2. What was the effect of the Persian war?

Homework

• Read pp. 120-123 TAKE NOTES!

• Due tomorrow – circle map on Alexander the Great – need five bullets/pieces of information for full credit

Macedonians

• Philip II – unites Greece under one ruler

• Wanted to destroy the Persian Empire

• Alexander was son of Philip II

• Sets out to complete his father’s mission

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great• Attacks and defeats

Darius II - controls the Asia Minor

• Conquers Egypt• Invades Persia crushes

Darius II – now king of Persia

• Moves eastward – 13 years and 11,000 miles

• Men refuse to go on- wanted to go home

• Alexander dies in Babylon at age 33

1. Peloponnesus

2. Aegean Sea

3. Crete

4. Persia

5. Black Sea6. Mediterranean Sea

7. Egypt

8. Troy

9. Athens

10. Sparta

A

D

C

F

B

E

G

11. What Greek city-state focused on oration and political education?

12. Why were Greek city-states never unified under one leader?

13. Which Greek leader opened government participation to anyone considered a citizen?

14. Was Greek democracy open to anyone? Why or Why not?

15. Why was Alexander the Great called great?

Extra Credit. 1. What important archeological structure was found in Israel?

2. What phrase is not included in the Constitution?

J

I H

Mark the letter of the location next to the correct place.

Greek MusicDo you think the music you listen to affects you?

• Believed that all life is made up of vibrations of sounds “Doctrine of Ethos”

– Belief that music had moral qualities

• Each musical scale could create an emotion

• Government censored music so that youth only learned a certain type

• Only allowed youth to play mellow

music; considered intellectual

-banned aulos; allowed the cithara

Pythagoras – a² + b²+c²• Said every note has a mathematical

expression • Studied music’s effect on objects - cymatics

• The note “A” vibrates at 440hz – multiply that by two and you get “A” at 880 hz an octave higher

What is Hellenistic culture?

• Generally known as the time period during Alexander’s conquest and just after he died till the fall of the empire

• Also, the Greek Golden Age

• Also, a flourishing of arts and philosophy

• The word comes from the greek word for Hellas, meaning Greek

SOCRATES PLATO- The Republic

ARISTOTLE

•Developed Socratic method, whereby a series of questions are posed in order to challenge implications of answers•He was killed for asking too many questions of the aristocracy•He was a gadfly

•Emphasized importance of reason•Believed the ideal state should regulate every aspect of citizens’ lives to provide for their best interest•Wrote down everything Socrates said on papyrus•Founded the first real school called the Academy•Taught Aristotle

•Favored rule by single strong and virtuous leader•Taught that good conduct meant pursuing moderation•Believed that the best life was one of study, but only the aristocracy are capable of higher learning•Personally taught Alexander the Great

Not

Hellen

istic

Not

Hellen

istic

Not

Hellen

istic

Arts & ArchitectureARCHITECTURE• Architects tried to convey

a sense of perfect balance

to reflect the harmony of

the universe. • Example: The Parthenon

Art•Early sculptors

Imitated rigid

Egyptian poses.

•Later sculptors

emphasized

natural poses

that were more lifelike

Realistic and idealistic.

Not

Hellen

istic

Hellen

istic

Hellenistic Culture Achievements• Herodotus is called the

“Father of History; stressed the importance of research - History

• Thucydides showed the need to avoid bias - journalism

• Pythagoras derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a triangle. The Pythagorean Theorem - math

• Archimedes used principles of physics to make practical inventions, such as the lever and the pulley - physics

• Hippocrates studied illnesses and cures and set ethical standards for medical care. Hippocratic Oath; described the human nervous system - medicine