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PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD FOR

DRINKING WATER 2007

Environmental Sanitation 29 June 2011

Jarick Abarientos Acosta

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Access tosafe drinking wateris not only

essential for the promotion and protection ofpublic health but is a basic human right.

Provision of safe water supply prevents the

transmission of waterborne pathogens andreduces the exposure of individuals to chemical

and physical hazards that could be ingested

through contaminated drinking water.

Diarrheas and other waterborne diseases still

rank among the leading causes of illnesses in

the country.

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Settingstandards for drinking waterestablishes threshold limits for different

impurities found in drinking water.

These limits are intended to minimize riskand therefore prevent

deleterious health repercussions that result

from lifelong exposure to these impuritiesthrough consumption of water.

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PHILIPPINE STANDARDS

1993 Philippine National Standard for Drinking

Water

2007 Philippine National Standard for Drinking

Water

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PNSDW 1993

Enacted and implemented in response to

Chapter I Section 4 of theCode of Sanitation of

the Philippines.

Purpose: To determine the safety and potability

of the local water supply.

Adopted by Department of Environment and

Natural Resources (DENR) through

Administrative Order No. 26-A Series 1994

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PHILIPPINE NATIONALSTANDARD FOR DRINKING

WATER 1993

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PNSDW 1993

This standard is a product of the collaborative

efforts of various government agencies and is

designed to guide waterworks officials,

operators of water supply systems; both

government and private entities, health and

sanitation authorities and the general public in

establishing the requirements of safe andpotable water.

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PNSDW 1993: FEATURES

The standard cover requirements of the

acceptable values for the determined

parameters in measuring water quality.

The parameters include the microbiological,

physical, chemical and radiological

compositions of the water.

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PNSDW 1993: FEATURES

The standard also delineate values establishedin conforming with the medical and healthimplications of the parameters as opposed to

values established purely to satisfy aestheticrequirements.

Table 2.1 to Table 2.6 and the standardparameters and values for drinking-waterquality.

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STANDARD PARAMETERS

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STANDARD PARAMETERS

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STANDARD PARAMETERS

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STANDARD PARAMETERS

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STANDARD PARAMETERS

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STANDARD PARAMETERS

The abovementioned standard values are derived from the

WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality of 1993 which

are based on and reflect the latest available scientific facts,

knowledge and experience worldwide.

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PHILIPPINE NATIONALSTANDARD FOR DRINKING

WATER 2007

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PNSDW 2007

Latest edition of the PNSDW 1993

Objective: To protect public health, safety and

welfare by ensuring quality standards of

drinking water.

Adopted by the Department of Health (DOH)

through Administrative Order No. 2007-0012

Enacted: 09 March 2007

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PNSDW 2007

aims to achieve more comprehensiveparameters to address issues on water quality

it also advocates for an efficient water quality

surveillance system by prioritizing theparameters that need to be monitored.

Water safety plans has been introduced to

encourage water providers to systematicallymonitor the quality of water at all phases ofproduction and distribution.

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PNSDW 2007

standards set in 2007 PNSDW are based on

guidelines or criteria that are recommended by

international institutions like the World Health

Organization, United States EnvironmentalProtection Agency, etc.

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PNSDW 2007: OUTLINE

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER No. 2007- 0012

I. RATIONALE/INTRODUCTION

II. OBJECTIVE

III. SCOPE/COVERAGE

IV. DEFINITION OF TERMS

V. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

VI. REPEALING CLAUSE

VII. EFFECTIVITY

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PNSDW 2007: RATIONALE

The government recognizes recent quality-related developments in the water supplysector in the country and elsewhere such asthe following:1. New information on many chemicals.

2. Proliferation of water refilling stations as alternative ormain) sources of drinking water.

3. Detection of naturally occurring hazardous substances

in groundwater.

4. The need for different approaches in supporting safemanagement of water supply systems.

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PNSDW 2007: OBJECTIVE

To protect public health, safety and welfare by

ensuring quality standards of drinking water.

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PNSDW 2007: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1. Microbiological Quality

2. Chemical and Physical Quality

3. Radiological Quality

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MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY

Cyanobacteria

produce a variety of toxins, known as cyanotoxins

do not proliferate within the human body after uptake;they proliferate only in the aquatic environment beforeintake.

Indicator organism

provides evidence of fecal contamination from humans

or warm-blooded animals. Example: E. coli (coliform group of bacteria, indicator

organism of choice for fecal contamination)

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MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY

Two approaches can be used to reduce the risk

of bacterial, viral and parasitic infection:

1. providing drinking water from a source verified

free of fecal contamination; or

2. adequately treating fecal contaminated water.

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STANDARD PARAMETERS

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STANDARD PARAMETERS

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SAMPLING

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SAMPLING

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SAMPLING

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SAMPLING

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STANDARD PARAMETERS

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STANDARD PARAMETERS

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STANDARD PARAMETERS

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STANDARD PARAMETERS

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STANDARD PARAMETERS

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RADIOLOGICAL QUALITY

reathing radonfrom the indoor air in homes is the

primary public health risk from radon contributing

to about 20,000 lung cancer death each year in

the United States according to 1999 landmarkreport by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS)

on radon in indoor air.

Radon from tap water is a smallest source of radon

in indoor air. Only about 1-2 percent of radon in

indoor air comes from drinking water.

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Radioactive contaminants in drinking watermay come from naturally-occurringradionuclides present in rocks and soils from

earth's formation and from man-maderadionuclide arising from power generated bynuclear energy.

Deepwells, groundwater and mineral springs

have been known to be sources of naturalradioactivity, principally radium and radon.

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Samples of drinking water are collected directly

from the source, typically from household faucets

or directly from pumpwells or deepwells.

Sampling frequency: PNRI established monitoringfrequency for the Philippine drinking water.

Re-sampling and reexamination of the source of

drinking water should be performed in caseswhere gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity

levels exceed the standard values.

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STANDARD PARAMETERS

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PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD FOR

DRINKING WATER 2007

Thank You.

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PNSDW 2007: DEFINITION OF TERMS

Aerobic bacteria bacteria that live or occur only in the presence ofoxygen.

Algae - any of various chiefly aquatic, eukaryotic, photosyntheticorganisms, ranging in size from single-celled forms to the giant kelp

Anaerobic a descriptive term for a process such as fermentation

that can proceed only in the absence of oxygen or a living thing that can survive only in the

absence of oxygen.

Bioaccumulation is the accumulation of substances in life forms orbiological system through uptake from the environment or the foodchain.

Biofilm a microbial (bacterial, fungal, algal) community, envelopedby the extracellular biopolymer, which these microbial cells produce,that adheres to the interface of a liquid and a surface.

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onsumers tap- a valve and spout used to regulate delivery of watersupply located at end of the water distribution systems usually withinthe vicinity of the houses or buildings.

Contact time the length of time water supply is held in directcontact with a treating agent, e.g. chlorine solution.

Contamination a general term referring to the introduction ofmaterials not normally found in water that make the water lessdesirable or unfit for its intended use.

Cyanotoxin any of several poisonous substances produced bycertain cyanobacteria.

Decomposition refers to the reduction of the body of a formerly

living organism into simpler forms of matter. Disinfection water treatment processes designed to destroy

disease-causing microorganisms. The efficacy of disinfection is oftenassessed by measuring the coliform group of indicator organisms.

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Dissolution any of a class of chemical reactions in which solute andsolvent molecules combine with relatively weak covalent bonds.

Drinking water water intended for direct human consumption oruse in food preparation.

Effluent an outflowing of water from a natural body of water or from

a sewage treatment facility Facultative Bacteria bacteria that can adapt themselves to growth

and metabolism under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Manyorganisms of interest in wastewater stabilization are among thisgroup.

Fecal coliforms subgroup of coliform bacteria that has a high

positive correlation with fecal contamination associated with all warmblooded animals. These organisms can ferment lactose at 44.5oCand produce gas in a multiple tube procedure (EC Confirmation) oracidity with Membrane Filter procedure.

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Level II (communal faucet system or standposts) a systemcomposed of source, a reservoir, piped distribution network andcommunal faucets, located no more than 25 meters from thefarthest house. The system is designed to deliver 40 to 80 liters percapita per day to an average of 100 households, with one faucet per4 to 6 households. It is generally suitable for rural and urban areas

where houses are clustered densely to justify a simple pipe system. Level III (waterworks system or individual house connections) a

system with a source, a reservoir, a piped distribution network andhousehold taps. It is generally suited for densely populated areas.This level of facility requires a minimum treatment of disinfection.

Local health authority a government official or employeeresponsible for application of a prescribed health measure in a localpolitical subdivision. It is the provincial governor, city or municipalmayor, as the case maybe.

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Metabolite organic compound that is a starting material in, anintermediate in, or an end product of metabolism.

Most Probable Number MPN) - a statistical method of determiningmicrobial populations. A multiple dilution tube technique is utilizedwith a standard medium and observations are made for specificindividual tube effects. Resultant coding is translated bymathematical probability tables into population numbers.

Oxidation a chemical reaction in which the atoms in an elementlose electrons and the valence of the element is correspondinglyincreased.

Pesticide chemical substance or biological agent used against

pests including insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds,mammals, fish, nematodes, and microbes that compete with humansfor food, destroy property, spread disease or are a nuisance.

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Potable water water suitable (both health and acceptabilityconsiderations) for drinking and cooking purposes.

Residual chlorine When a sufficient dosage of chlorine is applied towater, microorganisms of sanitary significance are destroyed andthere is a reaction on all oxidizable matter. After all these reactionshave taken place, at the end of a specified contact time, thereremains a certain minute quantity of chlorine in the water. Itspresence in the water is usually an indication of sufficiency oftreatment or chlorination, and is therefore an assurance of protectionof the microbiological quality.

Risk assessment an estimate of the severity or likelihood of harm

to populations or ecosystems from exposure to hazard. Solvent a substance, ordinarily a liquid, in which other materials

dissolve to form a solution.

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Turbidity - a cloudiness or haziness of water (or other fluid) caused by individualparticles that are too small to be seen without magnification. Turbidity in

drinking water is caused by particulate matter that may be present from source

as a consequence of inadequate filtration or from resuspension of sediment in

the distribution system.

Water Refilling stations establishments where water is purified, sold andplaced in water containers .

Water safety plan a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management

approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from catchments to

consumer to ensure the safety of drinking water supply.

Water softening any physical or chemical process of reducing theconcentration of divalent cations (including calcium and magnesium) in water

supply.

Water treatment works includes devices and equipment or physical and

chemical processes for making water suitable for human consumption and

other purposes.

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PNSDW 2007: ANNEX

Annex 1: Guidelines in Identifying Priority

Drinking-Water Quality Parameters for

Monitoring

Annex 2: Water Safety Plans

Annex 3: Guidelines for Selecting the Location

of Sampling Points

ESE512_PNSDW 2007_ms2003

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