erovnuli saswavlo gegmis pilotirebis (2005-2006) da ...ncp.ge/files/sasargeblo...

erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis

pilotirebis (2005-2006) da

danergvis kvlevebi (2007)

Tbilisi

2007

2

avtorebi:

centris direqtori:

simon janaSia

Sefasebis jgufis koordinatori:

Sorena saZagliSvili

Sefasebis jgufis wevrebi:

Tea berZeniSvili

mzia wereTeli

sagnobrivi eqspertebi:

kaxa gabunia

giorgi gaxelaZe

nino doborjginiZe

besarion lorTqifaniZe

nino nakudaSvili

manana ratiani

3

sarCevi

1. Sesavali ........................................................................................5

2. sapilote kvlevis mizani da hipoTeza...................................7

3. meTodologia .............................................................................14

4. pilotirebis kvlevebis detaluri aRwera, Sedegebi da

daskvnebi ..........................................................................................17

4.1. kvlevis dasaxeleba: maswavleblebis da moswavleebis

molodinebi skolis reformis mimarT ......................................17

4.2. kvlevis dasaxeleba: I, VII da X klasis maswavlebelTa

sawyisi mdgomareobis Seswavla...................................................22

4.3. kvlevis dasaxeleba: saxelmZRvaneloebis

Sefaseba............................................................................................56

4.4. kvlevis dasaxeleba: gakveTilze dakvirveba .....................58

4.5. kvlevis dasaxeleba: MI klaseli moswavleebis kvleva ..85

4.6. kvlevis dasaxeleba: motivacia ufros

klaselebSi....................................................................................102

4.7. kvlevis dasaxeleba: maswavleblis dRiuri....................114

4.8. kvlevis dasaxeleba: skolebis kulturis

kvleva.............................................................................................117

4

4.9. kvlevis dasaxeleba: sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis

integrirebuli swavlebis problemebi ....................................148

4.10. kvlevis dasaxeleba: fasilitatorebis

kvleva.............................................................................................172

5. danergvis kvleva: VII klasis moswavleTa Sedegis

Sefaseba mSobliur enasa da literaturaSi ..........................189

6. ZiriTadi daskvnebi..................................................................216

7. ZiriTadi rekomendaciebi........................................................224

8. mokle daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi inglisur

enaze................................................................................................227

9. gamoyenebuli literatura....................................................237

5

1. Sesavali

ganaTlebis sistemaSi Zireuli cvlilebebis ganxorcielebas emsaxureba

saSualo ganaTlebis reforma, romelic mniSvnelovan fazaSi Sevida. kerZod, es aris erovnuli saswavlo gegmis, standartebisa da saxelmZRvaneloebis

pilotirebis faza, romelic 2005 wlis seqtembridan daiwyo. axali

erovnuli saswavlo gegmisa da mis safuZvelze Seqmnili

saxelmZRvaneloebis pilotirebis procesSi unda moxdes im faqtorebis

Seswavla, romlebic pirdapir Tu iribad zegavlenas axdenen erovnuli

saswavlo gegmis Sesrulebaze da zogadad, saswavlo procesis warmatebiT

warmarTvaze da moswavleTa saswavlo Sedegebze. pilotirebis mTavari

miznebia1:

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis, gansakuTrebiT ki axali sagnobrivi

programebis (kurikulumis) gamocda da daxvewa

axali saxelmZRvaneloebis SeqmnisaTvis xelSewyoba

samodelo skolebis Seqmna, romlebic xels Seuwyoben sxva skolebs

axali midgomebis danergvisas

Tavis mxriv, erovnuli saswavlo gegma da standartebi da mis mixedviT

Seqmnili saxelmZRvaneloebi gulisxmobs efeqturi skolis ganviTarebas,

romelmac unda Seqmnas ukeTesi swavlebis da swavlis pirobebi. swavla

niSnavs ara mxolod informaciis SeZenas, aramed unar-Cvevebisa da

damokidebulebebis ganviTarebasac, xolo swavlebaSi moiazreba ara erTi

konkretuli gzis gavla, aramed maswavleblis da moswavlis mier

erToblivad SerCeuli optimaluri variantis Zieba. saswavlo procesis

mizania moswavles misces ganzogadebuli codna, romelic xels uwyobs

informaciis gageba-gaazrebas, SenarCunebas da codnis aqtiuri gamoyenebis

unars. amgvari codna ar aris mijaWvuli romelime konkretul obieqtze.

igi saSualebas aZlevs adamians, rom problemis gadawyvetis procesSi

moaxdinos axlad miwodebuli informaciis trasformacia imgvarad, rom

sakuTari codnis da unar-Cvevebis efeqturi gamoyeneba SesZlos.

am miznis misaRwevad moswavle unda iyos aqtiuri Semmecnebeli da ara

pasiuri mimRebi. moswavlis aqtiuroba gamoixateba mis mier swavlis

procesis gaanalizebaSi (swavlis swavla) da miRebuli codnis

gamoyenebaSi2. Tavis mxriv, moswavlis aqtiuroba misi motivaciiTaa (Sinagani

1erovnuli saswavlo gegma, meore redaqcia (2006)

2 Perkins, D. (1995). Smart schools: better thinking and learning for every child, NY: The Free Press

6

da garegani) ganpirobebuli. moswavlis motivaciis amaRlebas ki xels

uwyobs sxvadasxva faqtorebi, romelic SeiZleba iyos dakavSirebuli Tavad

saswavlo kurikulumTan, saxelmZRvanelosTan, skolasTan, maswavlebelTan,

Tavad moswavlesTan da mis ojaxTan.

2005-2006 saswavlo wels pilotirebis farglebSi Catarda mTeli

rigi kvlevebi, romelmac moicva I, VII da X pilotirebuli klasebis

moswavleebi da maTi mSoblebi, maswavleblebi da skolis administraciis

warmomadgenlebi.

mocemul angariSSi warmodgenilia 2005-2006 saswavlo wels

Catarebuli pilotirebis kvlevis zogadi gegma, kvlevebis zogadi aRwera,

maTi ZiriTadi Sedegebi, ZiriTadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi. pilotirebis

I weli daeTmo aRweriTi kvlevebis Catarebas, romlis mizani ufro metad

iyo pilotirebis kvleviT hipoTezaSi mocemuli sxvadasxva faqtorebis

daxasiaTeba, vidre faqtorebs Soris mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena.

aseve, warmodgenilia 2007 wlis ianvarSi Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebi:

"VII klasis moswavleTa Sedegis Sefaseba mSobliur enaSi erovnuli

saswavlo gegmis danergvis pirvel weliwads": es kvleva exeba ukve

pilotirebuli saxelmZRvaneloebis (meSvide klasis saxelmZRvaneloebi

mSobliur enasa da literaturaSi) da axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis

danergvis procesis Seswavlas yvela sajaro zogadsaganmanaTleblo

skolaSi. kvlevis mizani: mSobliur enasa da literaturaSi VII klasis

moswavleTa unar-Cvevebis dRevandeli mdgomareobis Sefaseba erovnuli

saswavlo gegmis (esg) gaTvaliswinebiT.

7

2. sapilote kvlevis mizani da hipoTeza

sapilote kvleva miznad isaxavs (1) imis gansazRvravs, Tu rogor

(ramdenad efeqturad) imuSavebs erovnuli saswavlo gegma mocemul

pirobebSi; (2) im faqtorebis Seswavlas, romlebic ganapirobeben dadebiTi

saswavlo Sedegebis miRweva/miuRwevlobas; (3) imis prognozirebas, Tu ra

unda SevcvaloT am faqtorebSi, rom miviRoT sasurveli Sedegi.

Cveni hipoTezis mixedviT, moswavlis saswavlo warmatebaze moqmedebs

uamravi faqtori. motivacia SesaZloa iyos is warmmarTveli Zala, romelic

pirdapir gansazRvravs imas, Tu moswavle ramdenad aqtiurad da nayofierad

aris CarTuli saswavlo procesSi da ra Sedegebs aRwevs igi. yvela

danarCeni faqtori ki, SesaZloa, rom moswavlis Sedegze gavlenas axdendes

imdenad, ramdenadac igi zemoqmedebs moswavlis motivaciaze. amitom,

moswavlis motivacia SesaZloa warmoadgendes Sualedur faqtors danarCeni

sxva faqtorebisaTvis, romlis gavliTac moswavle aRwevs warmatebas.

Tumca, ramdenadac moswavlis warmatebis miRweva (miTumetes rom moswavlis

warmatebad ganvixilavT ara mxolod mis maRal akademiur moswrebas

calkeul sagnebSi, aramed misi mTliani pirovnebis Camoyalibebas, romelic

iqneba patrioti, damoukidebeli, SemoqmedebiTi, sakuTari SesaZleblobebis

mudmivad ganviTarebis SemZle, informirebuli da am informaciis

adekvaturad gamoyenebis unaris mqone, bunebrivi garemos damcveli,

kanonmorCili da toleranti pirovneba3) droSi gaxangrZlivebuli procesia,

SesaZloa zogierT SemTxvevaSi igi uSualod ar iyos gamovlenili, am

SemTxvevaSi moswavlis saswavlo motivaciis amaRleba ukve SeiZleba

ganvixiloT erT-erT dadebiT Sedegadac, romelic sabolood moswavles

warmatebul moqalaqed aqcevs.

moswavlis motivaciaze zegavlenas axdens eerovnuli saswavlo miznebi

da amocanebi (kurikulumi da metakurikulumi) da sskolis kul-

tura/saswavlo garemo. Tavis mxriv, eerovnuli saswavlo miznebidan da

amocanebidan gamomdinareobs moswavlis mimarT wayenebuli sagakveTilo

moTxovnebi, moswavlis Sefasebis kriteriumebi, saswavlo datvirTva,

swavlebis meTodika, da amis Sedegad gamomuSavebuli swavlis Cvevebi.

skolis kultura/saswavlo garemo ki moicavs iseT faqtorebs, rogoricaa

skolis materialur-teqnikuri baza, maswavleblis TviT-efeqturoba: misi

kompetenturoba, reformis gacnobierebis done, TviT-Sefaseba da motivacia

(survili, rom gardaiqmnas da iswavlos da gaxdes kompetenturi mocemul

pirobebSi), maswavleblis materialur-socialuri statusi, maswavleblis

3erovnuli saswavlo gegma, meore redaqcia (2006)

8

janmrTeloba, saskolo urTierTobebi, skolis marTvis stili, moswavlis

RirebulebaTa sistema da TviTSefaseba, klasis/moswavlis winaswari

ganwyoba sagnis mimarT, ojaxuri garemo da a.S. qvemoT ufro detalurad

SevCerdebiT aq dasaxelebuli zogierTi faqtoris ganxilvaze.

saswavlo miznebi gansazRvrulia saxelmwifo standartiT. SSaxel-

mZRvaneloSi da maswavleblis sagakveTilo gegmaSi aisaxeba is aamocanebi,

romelTa etapobriv ganxorcielebasac am miznisken mivyavarT. saxelmwifo

standartiT gansazRvruli kkurikulumi moicavs mmetakurikulumsac,

romelic erwymis sagnis Cveul swavlebas. sxva sityvebiT, metakurikulumi

xels uwyobs azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas da moswavleebisaTvis

imis swavlebas, Tu rogor iswavlon maT ukeTesad (e.w swavlis Cvevebis

gamomuSaveba). metakurikulumis ZiriTadi Semadgeneli nawilebia4: (1)

azrovnebis sxvadasxva doneebi - abstraqcia, ganzogadeba, problemis

gadaWris strategiebi da sxva; (2) azrovnebis verbaluri, weriTi da

araverbaluri tipebi - imis mixedviT, Tu saazrovno masala ra formiT aris

mocemuli; (3) swavlis swavla - moswavlis unari, iswavlos is, Tu ra

meTodebiT (rogor) iswavlos ufro efeqturad; (4) transformaciis

swavleba - moswavles umuSavebs im unar-Cvevas, rom konkretuli sagnidan

gadavides sxva saganze da ucnob situaciebSi gadaWras problema; (5)

integraciuli warmodgenebi - sagnis calkeuli Semadgeneli nawilebis erT

struqturirebul mTlianobad gaerTianeba. mmaswavleblis sagakveTilo gegma

da mmoswavlis Sefasebis kriteriumebi gansazRvravs, Tu ra unda iswavlos

moswavlem (saswavlo datvirTva) da ra doneze unda gaaanalizos saswavlo

procesi. amisaTvis, maswavlebelma moswavles unda miawodos naTeli

informacia swavlebis miznebis da mosalodneli Sedegebis Sesaxeb.

maswavlebelma unda uzrunvelyos informaciuli gamoxmaurebis miwodeba

moswavleebisaTvis, raTa maT ukeT SeZlon swavlis Semdgomi etapebis

miRweva.

saswavlo meTodika gansazRvravs imas, Tu rogor unda ganxorcieldes

saswavlo amocanebi. interaqtiul meTodikaSi aris moswavlis motivaciis

asamaRlebeli xerxebis didi arCevani. saxelmZRvanelosa da maswavleblis

sagakveTilo gegmaSi esec aisaxeba.

4 Perkins, D. (1995). Smart schools: better thinking and learning for every child, NY: The Free Press

9

skolis kultura aris dadgenili normebis, faseulobebis da rwmenebis,

ritualebis da ceremoniebis erToblioba, romelic gvaZlevs warmodgenas

skolaze. skolis kultura gansazRvravs skolis klimats anu moswavlis,

maswavleblis da administratorebis azrovnebis stils da grZnobebs, rac

SesaZloa gadamwyvet rols asrulebdes efeqturi saswavlo procesis

dagegmvasa da SeqmnaSi.

amrigad, skolis kultura ufro farTo cnebaa, vidre skolis klimati.

sxva sityvebiT, skolis klimati exeba saskolo urTierTobebs, romlebic

gavlenas axdenen moswavleebis SemecnebiT, socialur da fsiqologiur

ganviTarebaze. Tavis mxriv, skolis klimati konkretul klasebSi arsebuli

garemos erTobliobaa. es sqematurad SeiZleba iqnes warmodgenili

Semdegnairad:

skolis kultura

skolis klimati

klasis saswavlo garemo

sqema: #1 klasis garemos, skolis klimatis da skolis kulturis

urTierTqmedeba

saklaso garemo aris is pirveladi socialuri garemo, sadac moswavle

amyarebs urTierTobebs TanatolebTan da yalibdeba pirovnebad. pozitiuri

saswavlo garemo xels uwyobs moswavleebs Soris da moswavle

maswavlebels Soris dadebiTi urTierTobebis Camoyalibebas, rac Tavis

mxriv, zrdis moswavlis saswavlo motivacias da saskolo warmatebebs.

dadebiTi saskolo garemo xels uwyobs moswavlis mier sakuTari

bednierebis gancdas "aq da amJamad" da, aseve, mis mier momavlis naTlad

warmosaxvas.

10

pilotirebis farglebSi Catarebuli kvleva miznad isaxavs swored

skolis kulturis Seswavlas skolis klimatis da klasis saswavlo

garemos saSualebiT.

saerTaSoriso kvlevebis mixedviT, pozitiuri da usafrTxo

aRmzrdelobiTi garemos mqone skolebi xels uwyoben moswavleebs,

iswavlon ukeTesad, vidre skolebi, romlebsac aqvT am klimatis nakleboba

da ar aqvT survili, mimarTon maswavlebelTa wvrTnas da sxvadasxva

saSualebas, rac xels Seuwyobs dadebiTi klimatis Seqmnas.

skolas gaaCnia Tavisi Rirebulebebi da faseulobebi, romlebic

TandaTanobiT iqceva jgufis normad anu xdeba gaSinaganebuli jgufis

wevrebis mier. mas Semdeg, rac Rirebuleba gadaiqceva normad, misi darRveva

ukve gamoiwvevs garkveuli sanqciebis gatarebas im adamianis mimarT, vinc

arRvevs am jgufur normebs. sanqcia SeiZleba gamoixatos imiT, rom normis

damrRvevi garicxuli iqnas jgufidan. zogadad, swavlis motivaciaze

mimarTul skolebs unda gaaCndeT Semdegi saxis Rirebulebebi:

mizanmimarTuli codnis da unar-Cvevebi SeZena;

swavlis gagrZelebis survilis gaRviveba;

swavlisadmi valdebulebebis da pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba;

TanamSromloba da kolegialuri urTierTobebi.

skolis amgvar kulturas SeiZleba vuwodoT dadebiTi, radgan yvela es

zemoTCamoTvlili elementi qmnis winsvlis motivacias da xels uwyobs

maswavleblebis da moswavleebis swavlebas da pirovnul ganviTarebas.

amisgan gansxvavebiT, zog skolas aqvs sapirispiro, negatiuri kultura,

romelic gadatvirTulia ”toqsikuri” normebiT da faseulobebiT, rac

xels uSlis aRzrdas da swavlebas. Toqsikuri kulturis mqone skolebs

naklebad gaCniaT romelime miznisken swrafva, aqvT normebi, romelic iwvevs

inerciul azrovnebas, xSirad usamarTlod kicxaven moswavleebs da iyeneben

dasjis mkacr meTodebs, naklebad uwyoben xels warmatebul

TanamSromlobas. xSiria aqtiuri dapirispireba administraciis wevrebs

Soris. aseTi skolebi ar aris sasargeblo moswavleebisaTvis, aseve

maswavleblebisTvisac. Tumca ki administracias Tavisi aqtiuri muSaobiT

SeuZlia skolis pozitiuri kulturis ganviTareba.

skolis materialur-teqnikuri mdgomareoba gansazRvravs imas, Tu ra

teqnologiuri SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebaa skolaSi SesaZlebeli. amasTan,

maswavleblTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva faqtorebi, rogoricaa

11

maswavleblis mier reformis gacnobierebuloba, TviTSefaseba,

kompetenturoba (e.w. maswavleblis TviTefeqturi qceva) warmarTos refor-

miT gaTvaliswinebuli saswavlo qcevebi, misi mmaterialur- socialuri

mdgomareoba arapirdapirad aisaxeba mis SesaZleblobaze gamoiyenos

swavlebis efeqturi meTodika (da Sesabamisad gaxdes profesionali).

yovelive es ki gavlenas axdens ssaswavlo garemoze/skolis kulturaze.

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gvinda SevaCeroT swored mmaswavleblis

TviTefeqtur qcevaze skolis reformis ganxorcielebis konteqstSi.

swored maswavlebelia is gamaSualebeli rgoli, romelmac moswavleebamde

uSualod unda miitanos swavlebis axali meTodebi da struqtura da

xorci Seasxas erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli miznebis

miRwevas. TviT-efeqturoba aris adamianis cnobieri warmodgena konkretul

situaciaSi warmatebiT moqmedebis unaris Sesaxeb5 (rodesac adamiani

marcxis SiSiT ki ar aris gamsWvaluli, aramed mas warmatebis SesaZleb-

lobis sjera da SeuZlia konkretul SemTxvevaSi sakuTari warmatebuli

qcevis SesaZlebloba warmoidginos). adamianebi sxvadasxvagvarad fiqroben,

grZnoben da moqmedeben imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad kompetenturad Tvlian

Tavs garkveul amocanebTan da viTarebebTan mimarTebaSi. individis mier

TviTkompetenturobis Sefaseba icvleba qcevis saxis, misi sirTulis da

situaciis gansxvavebuli viTarebis Sesabamisad. sxva faqtorebTan erTad,

TviTefeqturoba gansazRvravs ama Tu im qcevis Sesrulebis gadawyvetilebas,

Seupovrobas am aqtivobis ganxorcielebisas, mis warmatebulobas da amasTan

dakavSirebul emociebs: stress, SfoTvas, depresias, siamayes da sxva.

TviTefeqturobis maRali maCvenebeli ganapirobebs adapturobis da cxovel-

moqmedebis maRal dones da saboloo jamSi, fsiqikur da fizikur

janmrTelobas.

amrigad, TviTefeqturoba gadawyvetilebis miRebisa da qcevis ganxor-

cielebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi kognituri meqanizmia. reformis pro-

cesSi warmoqmnil stresul pirobebSi bunebrivia, rom adgili qondes mas-

wavleblis TviT-Sefasebis dadablebas da misi kompetenturobis gancdis

Semcirebas, rac mosalodnelia rom gamoixatos reformisadmi rezisten-

5 Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.

12

tulobaSi (cnobierad Tu aracnobierad winaaRmdegobis gawevaSi). amdenad, am

stresuli pirobebis Semcireba gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens. am

stresis daZlevis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi gzaa, maswavleblis TviTefeq-

turi qcevis xelSewyoba. amis (TviTefeqturi qcevis) formirebaSi yvelaze

did rols TamaSobs individis mier ama Tu im moqmedebis warmatebiT

Sesrulebis piradi gamocdileba. rac ufro meti Zalisxmeva iqneba daxar-

juli qcevis gansaxorcieleblad (da ara is rom sxva gvkarnaxobs gadawyve-

tis gzebs)6, miT ufro metadaa mosalodneli rom moxdeba am sferoSi

TviTefeqturobis gancdis gazrda. TviTefeqturobis molodini SeiZleba

gamomuSavdes ara mxolod individis uSualo gamocdilebiT, aramed sxva

adamianebis moqmedebaze dakvirvebis gziTac. aseT SemTxvevaSi marTlac SeiZ-

leba warmoiqmnas imis molodini an rwmena, rom es moqmedeba savsebiT

Sesrulebadia.

swored am konteqstSi mniSvnelovania Tavad maswavleblisTvisac

swavlis swavlis Cvevebis gamomuSaveba, romelic mas gaxdis aqtiur

Semmecnebels (reformis ganmaxorcielebels), gaacnobierebinebs reformis

process da gaxdis TviTefeqturs. aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom adamians

SeiZleba gaaCndes moqmedebisaTvis saWiro Cvevebi da TviTefeqturobis

sakmarisi done, magram ar qondes misi Sesrulebis survili an materialuri

resursebi (mag. skolis materialur-teqnikuri baza ar aZlevdes amis

SesaZleblobas). marTlac, swored maswavleblis motivaciis amaRleba SeiZ-

leba iyos reformis warmatebis winapiroba. maswavleblis motivaciaze

zemoqmedebs iseTi faqtorebi, rogoricaa misi materialuri waxaliseba da,

rac ufro mniSvnelovania, misi socialuri statusis gazrda. Tavdapirvelad

am garegani mastimulirebeli faqtorebiT ganpirobebuli qceva, Sinagani

standartebis gamomuSavebis Semdeg, ukve gadaiqceva gaSinaganebul qcevad,

(TviTganmtkicebis meqanizmi), romelsac ukve daaregulirebs ara garegani

ganmamtkiceblebi (mag. xelfasi), aramed TviTSefasebis iseTi gamovlinebebi,

rogoricaa TviTSeqeba, siamaye, TviTkritika da warmatebis gancda.

6swored es aris gaTvaliswinebuli erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi. kerZod, “orientacia

maswavleblis profesionalizmze”, rac maswavlebels met Tavisuflebas aZlevs

sagakveTilo gegmis ganaszRvraSi, sagakveTilo procesis warmarTvaSi da a.S.; mas xdis

ufro aqtiurs da SemoqmedebiTs (2006);

13

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saswavlo/skolis garemoze moqmedebs sskolis

marTvis stili da ssaskolo urTierTobebi (moswavle-maswavleblis urTier-

Toba, moswavle-moswavlis urTierToba), aseve, mmoswavlis RirebulebaTa

sistema da TviTSefaseba, klasis/moswavlis winaswari ganwyoba sagnis

mimarT. amasTan, moswavlis RirebulebaTa sistema da TviTSefaseba,

klasis/moswavlis winaswari ganwyoba sagnis mimarT garkveulwilad

gamomdinareobs oojaxuri garemodan (ojaxuri Rirebulebebi, mSoblis damo-

kidebulebebi swavlisadmi, mSobeli-Svilis urTierToba, saskolo mzaoba,

damatebiTi gakveTilebis/momzadebis uzrunvelyofa, ojaxis socialuri da

materialuri statusi, moswavlis da mSoblis janmrTeloba, da sxva). yvela

es faqtori erTmaneTTan mWidrodaa urTierTdakavSirebuli.

qvemoT mocemul sqemaze warmodgenilia moswavlis Sedegze moqmedi

mravalfaqtoruli modeli:

sqema #2: sapilote kvlevis gegma: moswavlis saswavlo Sedegze moqmedi

sxvadasxva faqtorebi

Sefasebis kriteri-umebi

swavlisCvevebi

saswavlo datvirTva

swavlebismeTodika

sagakve-Tilo

moTxov-nebi

moswavlis motivacia

skolis materialurimdgomareoba

saskolo urTier-Tobebi

maswavleblis TviT-efeqturi

qceva

erovnuli saswavlo miznebi da amocanebi

1. metakurikulumi 2. kurikulumi

saswavlo garemo/skolis kultura

saswavlo Sedegebi

ojaxurigaremo

skolis marTvis stili

14

3. meTodologia

mocemuli kvlevis ganxorcielebis mizniT, SemuSavda kvleviTi strategia,

romelic Sedgeboda Semdegi ZiriTadi komponentebisagan:

raodenobrivi kvleva;

Tvisebrivi kvleva.

mocemul TavSi warmodgenilia kvlevaSi gamoyenebuli meTodologiis

detaluri aRwera.

3.1 meTodi da instrumenti

raodenobrivi kvleva Catarda anketirebis (gamokiTxvis), pirispir

interviuirebis meTodebis, dakvirvebis da unar-Cvevebis testebis

gamoyenebiT. kvleva ganxorcielda struqturirebuli kiTxvarebis da

skalebis saSualebiT. calkeuli samizne jgufebisaTvis (moswavleebi,

maswavleblebi, direqtorebi, mSoblebi) SemuSavda gansxvavebuli tipis

kiTxvarebi. kvlevis instrumentebi Sedgeboda rogorc daxuruli, ise Ria

tipis kiTxvebisagan.

Tvisebrivi kvleva Catarda TviT-dakvirvebis (TviT-angariSi), dRiuris,

jgufuri intervius (fokus jgufis) meTodis da kontent-analizis meTodis

gamoyenebiT.

interviuebi, gamokiTxvebi, dakvirvebebi, fokus jgufebi Caatares proeqt

“ilia WavWavaZis” trenerebma, romlebic specialurad momzadnen am kvleviTi

meTodebis administrirebaSi. aseve, isini monawileobdnen fokus jgufebis da

sxva audio masalebis (mag. moswavleebis wakiTxulis audio Canawerebi

moswavlis kiTxvis teqnikis da fonematuri sinTezis Sesamowmeblad)

transkriptebis momzadebaSi. monacemebis Tvisebriv damuSavebaSi

monawileobdnen sagnobrivi eqspertebi.

15

3.2 sandooba, validoba da standartizacia

kiTxvarebis testirebis, misi saboloo versiebis SemuSavebisa da savele

samuSaoebis SesaZlo sirTuleebis gamovlenis mizniT, Tbilisis sxvadasxva

sajaro da kerZo skolebSi Catarda sacdeli kvlevebi. kvlevaSi

monawileobdnen Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis fsiqologiis

departamentis bakalavriatis IV kursis studentebi da ganaTlebis

fsiqologiis mimarTulebis magistrebi. maTi mier Segrovebuli pirveladi

masalis safuZvelze moxda kiTxvarebis saboloo redaqtireba.

testebis da kiTxvarebis sandoobis misaRwevad ZiriTadad gamoyenebuli iqna

punqtebis Sinagani Tanxmobis meTodi, xolo validobis misaRwevad

ZiriTadad mivmarTeT Sinaarsis validobas. kerZod, sagnis eqspertebi Tavad

qmnidnen da afasebdnen testis Sinaarss. aseve, zogierT SemTxvevaSi

mivmarTeT kriteriumis validobasac (2 sxvadasxva instrumenti, romelic

erTi da igive maxasiaTebels zomavs. magaliTad, moswavlis motivaciis

SemTxvevaSi gamoviyeneT kiTxvari da proeqciuli testi); SeZlebisdagvarad,

moxda testis standartizaciac. testebi Catarda sacdel jgufebze da

moxda maTi sirTulis koeficientebis da Sida jgufuri normebis dadgena.

3.3. samizne jgufi da SerCeva

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis gamosacdelad skolebi SeirCa ori kriteriumiT

a) skolis mdebareoba b) skolis gamocdileba. mdebareobis mixedviT gamoiyo

sami tipis skola: qalaqis, soflis da maRalmTiani soflis. skolebis

gamocdilebis mixedviT gamoiyo sami tipis skola: saskolo grantebSi

gamarjvebuli, skolis bazaze profesiuli ganviTarebis trening gavlili,

da is skola, romelsac es treiningi jer gavlili ar hqonda. skolebis

tipebis da raodenobebis dadgenis Semdeg, moxda ukve 100 skolis

SemTxveviTi SerCeva specialuri kompiuteruli programis daxmarebiT ise,

rom yofiliyo gaTvaliswinebuli zeviT mocemuli kriteriumebi. amrigad,

pilotireba tardeba saqarTvelos 100 skolaSi (baTumis centri, zugdidis

centri, quTaisis centri, axalcixis centri, Tbilisis centri, goris

centri, gurjaanis centri) da masSi monawileobas iRebs 2, 000 mde

16

maswavlebeli, maTi 12, 000 moswavle; aseve, skolis adminstraciis

warmomadgenlebi da moswavleebis mSoblebi. samizne jgufs garkveulwilad

warmoadgens agreTve 20 mde gamomcemloba da saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebi,

romelTa saxelmZRvaneloebic Seesabameba erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT

gaTvaliswinebul standartebs da monawileobas iRebs pilotirebaSi.

saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebs da gamomcemlebs sistematurad miewodebaT

kvlevis safuZvelze SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebi.

3.4 monacemebis damuSaveba

raodenobrivi kvlevis monacemebis Seyvana da damuSaveba moxda specialur

statistikur programaSi (SPSS. 14.0). Sedegebis statistikuri analizisa

da Tvisebrivi monacemebis Sefasebis Sejerebis safuZvelze momzadda

mocemuli angariSi. kvlevis Sedegad SemuSavda rekomendaciebi, rogorc

saxelmZRvanelos avtorebisaTvis, ise erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Semmu-

Savebeli jgufisaTvis da maswavleblebisaTvis. Aaseve, rekomendaciebi

SemuSavda Tavad kvlevis jgufisaTvis, ramac ganxorcielebuli sapilote

kvlevis efeqtianoba uzrunvelyo.

3.5. kvlevis etapebi da mimdinareoba

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis pilotirebis pirveli etapi moicavs sam

saswavlo weliwads. 2005-2006 saswavlo wels moxda 1, 7, 10 klasebis

sagnobrivi programebis pilotireba, 2006-2007 wels gansazRvrulia

2, 8, 11-is, xolo 2007-2008 wels ki 3, 9 klasebis pilotireba. qvemoT

mocemuli kvlevebi ganxorcielda 2005-2006 saswavlo wels.

maswavleblebis da moswavleebis molodinebi skolis reformis mimarT

17

4. pilotirebis kvlevebis detaluri aRwera, Sedegebi da daskvnebi

am qveTavSi aRwerilia 2005-06 wlebSi ganxorcielebuli kvlevebi Semdegi

sqemis mixedviT: kvlevis dasaxeleba, kvlevis mizani, sakvlevi faqtorebi,

Catarebis dro, kvlevis meTodi, kvlevis obieqti, kvlevis Sedegebi da

daskvnebi. sul ganxilulia aTi farTomasStabiani kvleva.

4.1. kvlevis dasaxeleba: maswavleblebis da

moswavleebis molodinebi skolis reformis mimarT

kvlevis mizani: pilotirebis mosalodneli Sedegebis gansazRvra

sakvlevi faqtorebi: pilotirebis SesaZlo 3 dadebiTi da 3 uaryofiTi

Sedegi.

dadebiTi molodinebi:

icvleba mTlianad sistema: saxelmwifo programa, swavlebis meTodika,

saxelmZRvanelo, amasTan erTad xdeba maswavleblebis gadamzadeba - Sedegi

namdvilad iqneba, skola moswavleebs raRacas miscems.

es sacdeli programa saSualebas aZlevs skolas, daakvirdes saswavlo

process, aRmoaCinos xarvezebi axal programasTan dakavSirebiT da maT

gamosasworeblad rekomendaciebi misces saministros.

pilotirebis procesi upiratesobas aniWebs skolas sxva skolebTan

SedarebiT, radgan axal programebze gadasvlis sirTuleebi mas ukve

daZleuli eqneba. amitom skolis avtoriteti mSoblebis TvalSi aiwevs,

skolis kontingenti gaizrdeba, mSoblebi uars ityvian repetitoris

momsaxurebaze.

uaryofiTi molodinebi:

Tanamedrove meTodebi yvela sagnis Taviseburebas da gakveTilis mizans

ar iTvaliswinebs. amitom yovelTvis maTi gamoyeneba ar gaamarTlebs.

sacdeli programiT gaTvaliswinebulia damkvirveblebis xSiri daswreba

gakveTilebze, es xels SeuSlis saswavlo process.


18

qveyanaSi arsebuli mZime materialuri pirobebi Seaferxebs Sedegebis

miRwevas.

Catarebis dro: 2005 wlis seqtemberi

kvlevis meTodi: kiTxvari-skala mocemuli iyo pilotirebis eqvsi

SesaZlo Sedegi da 5 balian skalaze unda SeefasebinaT, ramdenad aris

mosalodneli, rom pilotirebis procesSi am Sedegebs (3 dadebiTi da 3

uaryofiTi) eqneboda adgili.

kvlevis obieqti: 633 maswavlebeli;

497 moswavle

kvlevis Sedegebi: pilotirebis dadebiTi Sedegebi:

gamokiTxul maswavlebelTa didi umravlesoba (94.4%) da moswavleebis

74.2%-i SesaZlebelad miiCnevs saskolo reformis warmatebiT

ganxorcielebas, rac sabolood gamoixateba maswavleblis da moswavleebis

saswavlo motivaciis gazrdaSi da saxelmZRvaneloebis gaumjobesebaSi (ix.

diagrama #1 da diagrama #2).

skolis reformis warmateba

maswavleblebi

40,60%

53,80%

4,30%

0,80%

0,50%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

sruliad

SeuZlebelia

SeuZlebelia

ar var

darwmunebuli

SesaZlebelia

sruliad

SesaZlebe

lia

diagrama #1 saskolo reformisadmi maswavlebelTa molodinebi


19

skolis reformis warmateba

moswavleebi

1,40%

3,90%

20,60%

15,10%

59,10%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

sruliad

SeuZlebeli

SeuZlebeli

ar aris

darwmunebul

SesaZlebeli

sruliad

SesaZlebelia

diagrama #2: saskolo reformisadmi moswavleTa molodinebi

diagramebze naTlad Cans, rom moswavleTa Sefaseba gacilebiT mozomilia.

moswavleTa mxolod 15.1% Tvlis rom Sedegi namdvilad dadgeba, rodesac

maswavleblebelTa 40.6% am Sedegs aZlevs ukiduresad optimistur

Sefasebas. statistikurad gansxvaveba moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa

jgufebs Soris mniSvnelovania da ar aris SemTxveviTi7.

gamokiTxul maswavlebelTa did umravlesoba (95.4%) da moswavleTa

74.4%-i SesaZleblad miiCnevs, rom sacdeli programa saSualebas miscems

skolas, daakvirdes saswavlo process, aRmoaCinos xarvezebi axal

programasTan dakavSirebiT da maT gamosasworeblad rekomendaciebi misces

saministros.. iseve, rogorc I SesaZlo Sedegis dadgomis Sefasebisas am

monacemis mixedviTac maswavleblebi ufro optimisturad afaseben

7 Sig. (2-tailed)<0.005


20

pilotirebis process da ufro maRali aqvT dadebiTi Sedegis dadgomis

molodini. gansxvaveba am SemTxvevaSic mniSvnelovania8.

gamokiTxul maswavlebelTa 50,1% da gamokiTxul moswavleTa 37,5%

fiqrobs, rom pilotirebis procesi upiratesobas aniWebs skolas sxva

skolebTan SedarebiT, radgan axal programebze gadasvlis sirTuleebi mas

ukve daZleuli eqneba. amitom skolis avtoriteti mSoblebis TvalSi

aiwevs, skolis kontigenti gaizrdeba, mSoblebi uars ityvian repetitoris

momsaxurebaze. maswavlebelTa da moswavleTa molodinebi aseTi Sedegis

dadgomis mimarT gansxvavebulia, moswavleTa 27.20% ar aris darwmunebuli

aseTi Sedegis dadgomaSi, roca maswavlebelTa mxolod 8.4%- Seaqvs eWvi

aseT SesaZlo Sedegis SesaZleblobaSi9.

pilotirebis uaryofiTi Sedegebi:

reformis sirTuled miCneulia Tanamedrove meTodikis efeqturi

gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. KkerZod, maswavlebelTa 47,6%-s da

moswavleebis 35,8%-s miaCnia, rom Tanamedrove meTodebi yvela sagnis

Taviseburebas da gakveTilis mizans ar iTvaliswinebs. amitom, maTma

gamoyenebam SesaZlebelia yovelTvis ar gaamarTlos.. zemoTaRniSnuli SesaZlo

Sedegis dadgoma moswavleebisa da maswavleblebis jgufebisaTvis daaxloebiT

erTnairad aris SesaZlebeli, am or jgufs Soris statistikuri gansxvaveba

ar dadasturda.

maswavlebelTa 72,2%-is da moswavleTa 75.1 % is azriT SesaZlebelia

sacdeli programiT gaTvaliswinebuli damkvirveblebis xSirma daswrebam

gakveTilebze, siaxlis Setanam, maswavleblebis moumzadeblobam, arasrulad

dabeWdilma, qseroqsze gamravlebulma saxelmZRvaneloebma da a.S xeli

SeuSlos saswavlo process. pilotirebis am SesaZlo Sedegis mimarT

maswavleblebsa da moswavleebs TiTqmis msgavsi mosazrebebi aqvT.

maswavlebelTa 61,6% da moswavleebis 66.8% SesaZleblad miiCnevs,

rom qveyanaSi arsebuli mZime materialuri pirobebi Seaferxebs Sedegebis

miRwevas, radganac igive anazRaurebis fasad maswavleblebs meti funqciebis

Sesruleba mouwevT (treningebze daswreba, gakveTilisTvis gansakuTrebulad

8 Sig. (2-tailed)<0.005 9 Sig. (2-tailed)<0.005


21

momzadeba, sacdeli programis Sedegebis aRnusxva) da maTi enTuziazmi

saboloo jamSi daecema. saxelmZRvaneloebi Sedgenilia naCqarevad, Zalian

mcire droSi da ar aris bolomde gaazrebuli. programebis gamartivebis

gamo moswavleebi SeiZenen zerele codnas. gamokiTxul maswavlebelTa

mxolod 25,7% da moswavleTa 21,3% ar aris darwmunebuli

zemeoTaRniSnuli Sedegis dadgomaSi. am SesaZlo Sedegis mimarT

maswavleblebsa da moswavleebs TiTqmis msgavsi mosazrebebi aqvT.

rogorc kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena, pilotirebis procesis mimarT

maswavleblebs ufro optimisturi damokidebulebebi aqvT, vidre

moswavleebs. am garemoebis mizezi SesaZlebelia iyos pilotirebis procesis

Sesaxeb moswavleTa informirebulobis dabali xarisxi, radgan kvleva ar

iTvaliswinebda molodinebis mizezebis kvlevas, amitom zemoTaRniSnuli

mosazreba mxolod hipoTeturia. zogadad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

moswavleebsac da maswavleblebsac jer ar aqvT Camoyalibebuli myari

molodinebi pilotirebis programis mimarT.

daskvna: gamokiTxuli maswavleblebis da moswavleebis did umravlesobas

dadebiTi molodinebi aqvT skolis reformis mimarT (darwmunebulebi arian

rom axali reformiT bevri sasikeTo cvlilebebi moxdeba, mag.

gaumjobesdeba saxelmZRvanelo, gaizrdeba moswavleebis saswavlo motivacia,

gaizrdeba skolis avtoriteti, da a. S.). Tumca, gamoikveTa, rom

maswavleblebis Sefaseba ufro optimisturia, vidre moswavleebis. am

garemoebis mizezi SesaZlebelia iyos pilotirebis procesis Sesaxeb

moswavleTa informirebulobis dabali xarisxi. aseve, aSkaraa, rom rogorc

maswavleblebs, ise moswavleebs jer ar aqvT Camoyalibebuli myari

molodinebi pilotirebis programis mimarT, anu maT jer ar aqvT kargad

gacnobierebuli, Tu ra SesaZlo Sedegebi SeiZleba dadges realurad

pilotirebis ganxorcielebis Semdeg.

I, VII da X klasis maswavlebelTa sawyisi mdgomareobis Seswavla

22

4.2. kvlevis dasaxeleba: I, VII da X klasis

maswavlebelTa sawyisi mdgomareobis Seswavla

kvlevis mizani: saswavlo procesze moqmedi sxvadasxva faqtorebis

Seswavla

sakvlevi faqtorebi:

maswavlebelTa pedagogiuri gamocdileba, ganaTleba da profesiuli

ganviTareba;

maswavlebelTa materialuri da socialuri statusis dadgena;

sapilote klasebSi moswavleTa raodenoba, Sesvla-gadinebis saSualo

maCvenebeli;

moswavleTa materialuri da socialuri statusis dadgena;

maswavleblis gamocdileba mocemul klasebSi da maswavleblis

gamocvlis mizezebi;

sagnis mimarT moswavleTa winaswari damokidebulebis Sefaseba;

moswavleTa momzadebis donis Sefaseba;

skolis materialur-teqnikuri resursebi;

skolis adamianuri resursebi;

swavlebis meTodebi;

skolis marTvis stili (saskolo sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli

gadawyvetilebis miRebis manera);

maswavlebelTa TanamSromloba;

moswavleTa Sefasebis meTodebi;

mSoblis CarTva saswavlo procesSi;

maswavleblis molodinebi moswavleTa moswrebis mimarT.

Catarebis dro: 2005 wlis oqtomberi.

kvlevis meTodi: maswavlebelTa gamokiTxva misi sawyisi mdgomareobis

dasadgenad.

kvlevis obieqti:

maswavlebelTa gamokiTxva Catarda 7 sxvadasxva trening-centrSi, VII-X da

I klasis maswavleblebSi.


23

centri raodenoba %

baTumi 27 16,1

zugdidi 18 10,7

quTaisi 6 3,6

axalcixe 21 12,5

Tbilisi 34 20,2

gori 22 13,1

gurjaani 40 23,8

sul: 168 100,0

cxrili 1: maswavlebelTa ganawileba sapilote centrebis mixedviT

gamokiTxvaSi monawileoba miiRo VII-X klasis 131 maswavlebelma da

I klasis 37 maswavlebelma. maT Soris VII – X klasis qarTulis

66-ma maswavlebelma da maTematikis 63-ma maswavlebelma, 1-fizikis da

1 istoria/geografiis maswavlebelma, xolo dawyebiTis 37-ma

maswavlebelma (ix. cxrili #1). maswavlebelTa asakobrivi ganawileba

mocemulia diagramebze #1 da #2.

jgufi raodenoba %

VII-X klasis maswavlebeli 131 78,0

I klasis maswavlebeli 37 22,0

sul: 168 100,0

cxrili 2: maswavlebelTa ganawileba klasebis mixedviT


24

asaki VII-X klasi

0,8%

26,0%

51,9%

21,4%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

30 welze

naklebi

30-dan 40-mde 41-dan 55-mde 55-ze meti

diagrama 1: VII-X klasis maswavleblTa asaki

asaki I klasi

3%

41% 41%

16%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

30 welze

naklebi

30-dan 40-mde 41-dan 55-mde 55-ze meti

diagrama 2: I klasis maswavleblTa asaki


25

kvlevis Sedegebi:

maswavlebelTa pedagogiuri gamocdileba, ganaTleba da profesiuli

ganviTareba.

VII-X klasis maswavlebelTa pedagogiuri gamocdileba zogadad meryeobs 2-

dan 64 wlamde, xolo I klasis maswavlebelTa 3-dan 43 wlamde. VII-X

klasebis maswavlebelTa saganSi gamocdileba meryeobs aseve 2-dan 64-mde,

xolo I klasebis maswavlebelTa 2-dan 38-mde. qvemoT diagramebze

(#3,4,5,6) mocemulia maswavlebelTa saerTo samuSao gamocdilebisa da

saganSi gamocdilebis ganawilebebi. saSualoebs Soris gansxvaveba

statistikurad mniSvnelovania10.

wl

ebi

0,05,0

10,015,020,025,030,035,040,045,050,055,060,065,0

samuSao gamocdileba

VII-X klasi

sixSire

3020100

Std. Dev = 10,84 Mean = 24,0

N = 131,00

4

513

1925

2124

114

diagrama # 3: VII-X klasis maswavlebelTa samuSao gamocdileba

10 Sig. (2-tailed)<0.005


26

wlebi

0,05,0

10,015,020,025,030,035,040,045,050,055,060,065,0

sagnis swavlebis gamocdileba

VII-X klasi

sixSire

403020100

Std. Dev = 10,64 Mean = 22,5

N = 129,00

513

1422

1930

154

diagrama #4: VII-X klasis maswavlebelTa sagnis swavlebis gamocdileba

wlebi

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

35,0

40,0

45,0

samuSao gamocdileba

I klasi

sixSire

121086420

Std. Dev = 9,88 Mean = 21,2

N = 37,00

2

3

3

5

10

7

3

3

diagrama #5: I klasis maswavlebelTa samuSao gamocdileba


27

wl

ebi

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

35,0

40,0

dawyebiTi klasis

swavlebis gamocdileba

sixSire

121086420

Std. Dev = 8,43 Mean = 17,6

N = 37,00

3

4

7

10

7

3

diagrama # 6: I klasis maswavlebelTa sagnis swavlebis gamocdileba

maswavlebelTa yovelkvireuli datvirTva VII-X klasebSi meryeobs 5-dan

25 saaTamde. saSualo datvirTva aris 16.4sT. I klasis maswavlebelTa

datvirTva 15-dan 25 saaTamde meryeobs da saSualo datvirTva 20.6sT-ia.

VII-X klasis qarTulisa da maTematikis maswavlebelTa datvirTvebi kviraSi

ar gansxvavdeba saSualo datvirTvis mixedviT erTmaneTisagan. samuSao

gamocdilebasa da kviraSi maswavleblis datvirTvas Soris SeWiduloba ar

dadasturda.

VII-X klasis maswavlebelTagan 0.8% (1) aris saSualo ganaTlebiT, 4.8%

(6) maswavlebeli umaRlesi arapedagogiuri ganaTlebiT, 90.1% (118)

umaRlesi pedagogiuri ganaTlebiT, xolo 4.6% (6) sxva ganaTlebiT. I

klasis maswavleblebSi saSualo-profesiuli ganaTlebiT aris 1 pedagogi,

94.6% (35) umaRlesi pedagogiuri ganaTlebiT da aseve 1 aris sxva

ganaTlebiT.

VII_X klasis maswavleblebelTa 30.2%-ma bolo ori wlis manZilze

maswavlebelTa gadamzadebis kursebze daxarja 5 dReze naklebi, 11-20-mde

dRe daxarja maswavlebelTa meoTxedma 25,6%. xolo maswavlebelTa 16.3%-s


28

arc erTi dRe ar dauxarjavs gadamzadebaze. I klasis maswavlebelTa 19%-s

30 dReze meti aqvs daxarjuli gadamzadebis kursebze bolo ori wlis

ganmavlobaSi. ix. diagrama # 7.

maswavlebelTa mier treningebze daxarjuli dro

16%

30%

11%

26%

5%

12%

22%

22%

16%

19%

3%

19%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

arcerTi

5-ze naklebi

5-dan 10-mde

11-dan 20-mde

21-dan 30-mde

30-ze meti

I klasi

VII-X klasi

diagrama #7: bolo ori wlis manZilze maswavleblis mier treningebze

daxarjuli dro

maswavlebelTa materialuri da socialuri statusis dadgena

gamokiTxul maswavlebelTa umravlesoba skolaSi dadis fexiT radgan

skolamde manZili umravles SemTxvevSi 500m-dan 2 km.-mdea (ix. cxrili

#3).

ufro xSirad riT dadxarT skolaSi VII-X klasi I klasi

fexiT 83,20% 91,80%

sazogadoebrivi transportiT 9,90% 5,40%

sakuTari an ojaxis wevris manqaniT 6,90% 2,70%

cxrili #3: skolaSi transportirebis saSualeba


29

maswavlebelTa saerTo raodenobidan11 34.2% miuTiTebs, rom mas xelfasis

garda aqvs Semosavali ojaxuri meurneobidan, 13.2% iRebs damatebiT

anazRaurebas moswavleTa momzadebidan, 41.4% damatebiT Semosavals iRebs

ojaxis wevrTa xelfasis saxiT, 5.9% - naTesavebis daxmarebis saxiT, xolo

sxva samsaxuri aqvs gamokiTxulTa 3.3% (5 maswavlebeli mxolod VII-X

klasis). QqvemoT mocemul diagramaze warmodgenilia VII-X da I klasis

maswavlebelTa Semosavlebis gansxvavebebi.

maswavlebelTa Semosavlebi

11%13%

6%4%

4%

35%38%

15%

0%

31%

53%

6%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Semosavali

ojaxuri

meurneobidan

moswavleebis

momzadeba

ojaxis

wevris

xelfasi

naTesavebis

daxmareba

sxva

samsaxuri

sxva

VII-X klasi

I klasi

diagrama #88: I klasis da VII-X klasebis maswavlebelTa Semosavlebs

Soris gansxvaveba

sapilote klasebSi moswavleTa raodenoba, Sesvla-gadinebis saSualo

maCvenebeli

gamokiTxva iTvaliswinebda dagvedgina, ramdeni moswavle swavlobs

klasSi. rogorc kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena, moswavleTa raodenoba meryeobs 3-

dan 34-mde.

VII_XklasebSi maTi minimaluri da maqsimaluri raodenoba Sesabamisad

aris 5 da 34, xolo I klasis moswavleTa minimaluri raodenoba aris 3,

maqsimaluri _ 32. saerTo jamSi gamokiTxul moswavleTa raodenoba VII-X

klasSi aris 2781, xolo I klasSi _ 642. xolo mTlianad 3423. klasSi

11 VII-X da I klasebi erTad


30

moswavleTa saSualo raodenoba aris 20 moswavle. VII-X klasSi

moswavleTa saSualo raodenoba aris 21, xolo I klasSi 17. sqesis

mixedviT ganawileba rogorc I, aseve VII_X klasebSi ar gansxvavdeba

erTmaneTisgan.

kvleva aseve iTvaliswinebda mimdinare wels klasSi gadmosul

moswavleTa raodenobis garkvevas. Sedegebidan gamomdinare, VII-X klasSi

gadmosulTa minimaluri raodenobaa 0, xolo maqsimaluri 1212. QqvemoT

mocemul diagramaze #9 naCvenebia klasSi gadmosulTa ganawileba.

gadmosulTa saSualo raodenobaa 2 moswavle. xolo yvelaze gavrcelebuli

raodenoba 1 moswavle (mediana).

raodenoba

12,010,08,06,04,02,00,0

mimdinare wels gadmosul moswavleTa raodenoba

sixSire

50

40

30

20

10

0

Std. Dev = 2,16 Mean = 1,9

N = 90,00

diagrama #9: sapilote klasebSi gadmosul moswavleTa raodenoba

12es SekiTxva daesmoda mxolod VII-X klasis pedagogebs.


31

qvemoT mocemul diagramaze #10 warmodgenilia mimdinare wels

klasidan gadasul moswavleTa raodenobebis ganawileba.

raodenoba

22,018,014,010,06,02,0

mimdinare wels gadasuli moswavleebis raodenoba

sixSire

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Std. Dev = 3,65 Mean = 2,4

N = 77,00

diagrama #10: sapilote klasebidan gadasuli moswavleebis raodenoba

diagramebis Sedarebisas naTlad Cans, rom gamokiTxul skolebSi ufro meti

raodenoba moswavleebis gadasulia (185), vidre gadmosuli (174).

moswavleTa denadobaSi gansxvaveba regionisa da Tbilisis skolebs Soris

ar dadasturda [Sig. (2-tailed)>0.005].


32

moswavleTa materialuri da socialuri statusis dadgena

diagramaze #11 mocemulia, maswavlebelTa SefasebiT rogoria socialuri

statusebis mixedviT ganawileba moswavleTa Soris. rogorc monacemebidan

Cans, saSualoebi gansxvavdeba VII-X da I klasebs Soris da gansxvaveba

statistikurad mniSvnelovania (Sig. (2-tailed)<0.005); kerZod, I klasis

moswavleebSi naklebia mravalSviliani ojaxis wevri moswavle, ekonomiurad

gaWirvebuli, SeZlebuli da arasruli ojaxis wevri moswavle. am

parametrebis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi sxvadasxvaa, kerZod, I klasis

maswavleblebisaTvis, miT ufro wlis dasawyisSi, rodesac kvleva iqna

Catarebuli, rTulia ekonomiurad gaWirvebulisa da uzrunvelyofili

moswavleebis identifikacia. xolo rac Seexeba mravalSvilian ojaxebs, aq

SeiZleba gamoiTqvas orgvari varaudi, zogadi demografiuli fonis

zegavlena da moswavleTa asaki. Tumca, SesaZloa, rom VII-X klasamde

nebismieri I klaseli iqces mravalSviliani ojaxis warmomadgenlad.

regionisa da Tbilisis skolebSi socialur statusebSi gansxvaveba ar

dadasturda garda erTi parametrisa. es aris araqarTveli moswavleebi.

regionebSi araqarTvel moswavleTa saSualo raodenoba ufro naklebia (1),

vidre Tbilisis skolebSi (2).13 aseve, Sedarebuli iqna sagnis

maswavleblebi, Tu ramdenad erTnairad afaseben da icnoben sakuTari

moswavleebis socialur mdgomareobas. gansxvaveba moswavleTa socialuri

mdgomareobis Sesaxeb informirebulobaSi ar dadasturda14 anu sxvadasxva

sagnis maswavleblebs moswavleTa socialuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erTnairi

informacia aqvT.

13 Sig. (2-tailed)<0.00514 Sig. (2-tailed)>0.005


33

moswavleTa socialuri fenebi

saSualo raodenobebi

5

7

1

3

1

6

7

2

3

1

4

6

1

2

1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

ekonomiurad

gaWirvebuli

ojaxidan

ekonomiurad

uzrunvelyofili

ojaxidan

arasruli

ojaxidan

mravalSviliani

ojaxidan

araqarTveli

I klasi

VII-X klasi

saerTo raodenoba

diagrama #11: moswavleTa socialur-ekonomiuri mdgomareoba

maswavleblis samuSao gamocdileba mocemul klasebSi da

maswavleblis gamocvlis mizezebi

diagramaze #12 mocemulia VII – X klasis maswavlebelTa samuSao

gamocdilebis ganawileba mocemul klasTan. xolo cxrilebSi mocemulia

sagnisa da klasSi muSaobis gamocdilebebis ganawileba cal-calke VII da X

klasebisaTvis.


34

ramdeni welia aswavliT am klass

wels Sevedi pirvelad

meore welia

mesame welia

oTxi da ufro meti

%

403020100

24

37

18

21

diagrama #12: klasis swavlebis gamocdileba

cxrili 4: X klasis maswavlebelTa ganawileba sagnebisa da

klasTan samuSao gamocdilebis mixedviT

sul

saganipirveli

weli

meore weli mesame weli oTxi da

meti

qarTuli 7 5 1 17 30

maTematika 6 8 1 15 30

fizika 1 1

sul: 13 14 2 32 61


35

cxrili 5: VII klasis maswavlebelTa ganawileba sagnebisa da

klasTan samuSao gamocdilebis mixedviT

sul:

sagani pirveli weli meore weli mesame weli

qarTuli 8 4 24 36

maTematika 7 4 22 33

istoria/

geografia

1 1

15 9 46 70

rogorc zemoT mocemuli cxrilebidan naTlad Cans, mocemul klasSi

samuSao gamocdileba ufro meti aqvT qarTulisa da maTematikis

maswavleblebs. Tumca, statistikurad es gansxvaveba SemTxveviTia da

kanonzomieri ar aris. aseTi Sedegi savaraudod gansazRvra SerCevam an im

garemoebam, rom qarTulsa da maTematikas skolebSi yvela klasSi

swavloben.

diagramaze #13 mocemulia Sedegebis ganawileba imis mixedviT, Seicvala Tu

ara klasma maswavlebeli IV klasis Semdeg, rogorc diagramaze Cans, umetes

SemTxvevaSi (60%) maswavlebeli ar Secvlila.


36

40,0%

43,8%

33,3%

60,0%

56,3%

66,6%

0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% 60,0% 70,0%

VII-X klasi

VII klasi

X klasi

ara

diax

Seicvala Tu ara Tqvens saganSi klasma

maswavlebeli IV klasis Semdeg

diagrama #13: meoTxe klasis Semdeg maswavleblis Secvla

sagnebis mixedviT maswavlebelTa cvlileba zogad SedegebTan mimarTebaSi ar

aris gansxvavebuli. rogorc cxrilebSi #6 da #7 Cans, X klasis

monacemebis mixedviT 7 klasSi 1-jer Seicvala qarTulis maswavlebeli, 10

klasSi 1-jer maTematikis maswavlebeli, 1 klasSi 1-jer fizikis

maswavlebeli. 2-jer qarTulis maswavlebeli Seicvala 5 klasSi, xolo 3-

jer sam klasSi. analogiurad maTematikis maswavlebeli 2-jer Seicvala 7

klasSi da samjer erT klasSi.

cxrili #6

ramdenjer Seicvala maswavlebeli X klasi sul:

sagani 1-x 2-x 3-xqarTuli 7 5 3 15

maTematika 10 7 1 18

fizika 1 1

sul: 18 12 4 34


37

VII klasis SemTxvevaSi – qarTulis maswavlebeli me-4 klasis Semdeg

Seicvala 1-jer 7klasSi, 2-jer 3 klasSi, xolo 3-jer 2 klasSi.

maTematikis – 1-jer 8 klasSi, 2-jer 4 klasSi da 3-jer 1 klasSi.

istoriis maswavlebeli ki 1-jer 1 klasSi.

cxrili #7

ramdenjer Seicvala maswavlebeli VII klasi

sul:

sagani 1-x 2-x 3-xqarTuli 7 3 2 12

maTematika 8 4 1 13

istoria/geografia 1 1

sul: 16 7 3 26

maswavlebelTa gamocvlis mizezebi ki mocemulia diagramaze #14 da

cxrilSi #8 mocemulia mizezebis ricxviTi mniSvnelobebi.

diagrama #14: maswavlebelTa gamocvlis mizezebi

maswavlebelTa cvlilebis mizezebi

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%

saaTebis danawilebis gamo

sawyebiTi klasis damTavrebisa da axal safexurze

gadasvlis gamo

piradi problemebis gamo

maRali datvirTvis, Tanamdebobrivi SeuTavseblobis

gamo

klasebis SeerTeba dayofa

arakvalificirebulobis gamo

pilotirebis programaSi monawileobis survilis

gamo

VII-X klasi

X klasi

VII klasi


38

cxrili #8: maswavlebelTa gamocvlis

mizezebi

VII

klasi

X

klasi

VII-X

klasi

saaTebis danawilebis gamo 34,62% 38,20% 36,66%

sawyebiTi klasis damTavrebisa da axal

safexurze gadasvlis gamo

19,23% 2,90% 10%

piradi problemebis gamo 19,23% 14,70% 16,66%

maRali datvirTvis, Tanamdebobrivi

SeuTavseblobis gamo

7,69% 2,90% 5%

klasebis SeerTeba dayofa 0,00% 17,64% 10%

arakvalificirebulobis gamo 7,69% 2,94% 5%

pilotirebis programaSi monawileobis

survilis gamo

3,85% 8,80% 6,66%

statistikurad aranairi gansxvaveba mizezebSi sxvadasaxva sagnis

maswavlebelTa Soris ar dadasturda.

sagnis mimarT moswavleTa winaswari damokidebulebis Sefaseba

diagramaze #15 mocemulia VII-X klasis maswavlebelTa Sefasebebis

ganawileba maT saganSi moswavleTa dainteresebis xarisxis mimarT.


39

61,1%

19,8%

13%

6,1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

moswavleebis

umetesoba

dainteresebulia,

mcire nawils ar

ainteresebs

moswavleebis

naxevari

dainteresebulia,

naxevars ar

ainteresebs

erTeulebi

dainteresebulia,

danarCenebs ar

ainteresebs

yvela

dainteresebulia

diagrama #15: VII-X klasis maswavlebelTa Sefasebebis ganawileba maT

saganSi moswavleTa dainteresebis xarisxis mimarT

sagnis mimarT moswavleTa damokidebulebebis SefasebaSi odnav

gansxvavebulia VII klasis qarTulisa da maTematikis maswavlebelTa

Sefaseba, qarTulis maswavleblebis 80.6% Tvlis, rom misi sagnis mimarT

daintereseba maRalia, xolo maTematikis maswavleblebis mxolod 57.6%

iZleva aseT Sefasebas. X klasis maswavlebelTa Sorisac analogiuri

gansxvavebaa (60% da 40%).


40

sagani sul

cxrili #9: VII-X

klasis maswavlebelTa

Sefasebebis ganawileba

maT saganSi moswavleTa

dainteresebis xarisxis

mimarT

qarTuli VII

klasi

qarTuli X

klasi

maTematika VII

klasi

maTematika X

klasi

istoria/geogra

fia VII klasi

fizika X klasi

moswavleebis umetesoba

dainteresebulia, mcire

nawils ar ainteresebs

29 18 19 12 1 1 80

80,6

%

60,0

%

57,6

%

40,0

%

100,0% 100,

0%

61,1

%

moswavleebis naxevari

dainteresebulia, naxevars

ar ainteresebs

6 5 7 8 26

16,7

%

16,7

%

21,2

%

26,7

%

19,8

%

erTeulebi

dainteresebulia,

danarCenebs ar

ainteresebs

5 3 9 17

16,7

%

9,1% 30,0

%

13,0

%

yvela dainteresebulia 1 2 4 1 8

2,8% 6,7% 12,1% 3,3% 6,1%

sul: 36 30 33 30 1 1 131

100,0

%

100,

0%

100,0

%

100,

0%

100,0% 100,

0%

100,

0%


41

rogorc cxrilidan #9 Cans, qarTulis maswavleblebi ufro optimistebi

arian sakuTari sagnis mimarT moswavleTa damokidebulebis SefasebaSi.

moswavleTa momzadebis done

diagramaze #16 mocemulia moswavleTa momzadebis done VII-X klasebSi

maswavlebelTa SefasebiT.

19,8%

48,9%

10,7%

20,6%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

umravlesobas

saSualoze

maRali done

aqvs

umravlesobas

saSualo done

aqvs

umravlesobas

saSualoze

dabali done

aqvs

yvela

moswavles

gansxvavaebuli

done aqvs

diagrama #16: moswavleTa momzadebis done VII-X klasebSi

maswavlebelTa Sefasebis mixedviT

am parametris mixedviTac daTvlil iqna sxvadasaxva sagnis maswavlebelTa

Sefasebebs Soris gansxvavebebi. rogorc Sedegebma aCvena moswavleTa

momzadebis donis Sefasebisas sagnis maswavleblebis Sexedulebebi ar

gansxvavdeba.15 anu SesaZlebelia gakeTdes daskvna, rom maswavlebelTa

Sexeduleba moswavleTa interesis mimarT subieqturi faqtorebiT aris

gansazRvruli da ar gansazRvravs moswavleTa momzadebis xarisxs.

15 Sig. (2-tailed)>0.005


42

qvemoT mocemul diagramaze (# 17) naCvenebia I klasis moswavleebis

momzadebis done maswavleblebis mier Sefasebuli.

moswavleTa momzadebis donis Sefaseba

I klasi

pasuxebi

saSualoze maRaliver Seafasa

%

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

43

57

diagrama #17: I klasis moswavleebis momzadebis done maswavlebelTa

Sefasebebis mixedviT

aSkaraa, rom saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi, I klasis maswavleblebi

adekvaturad ver afaseben moswavlis SesaZleblobebs, radganac jer kidev

maTi gacnobis procesSi arian.

Mskolis materialur-teqnikuri resursebi

gamokiTxvis Sedegebis mixedviT, kompiuteriT sargeblobis saSualeba aqvs

maswavleblebis 20%-s, xolo ara aqvs 80 %-s. maT Soris visac aqvs

kompiuteriT sargeblobis saSualeba Tanabrad miekuTvnebian Tbilisisa da

regionis skolebs.


43

80%

20%

diax

ara

gaqvT Tu ara kompiuteriT

sargeblobis saSualeba

diagrama #18: maswavleblebis mier kompiuteriT sargeblobis saSualeba

saxelmZRvanelos garda yvelaze gavrcelebuli saganmanaTleblo resursi,

romelsac iyeneben maswavleblebi, aris vizualuri TvalsaCinoeba. am

resurss maswavlebelTa 58.1% iyenebs, damatebiTi literaturas 47.3%,

ufro naklebad iyeneben sagnobriv TvalsaCinoebas (29.1%) da sxvadasaxva

saxis aqtivobebs – 3.4%.

VII-X klasis maswavlebelTa 54.8% iyenebs vizualur TvalsaCinoebas, 20.%-

sagnobriv TvalsaCinoebas, 53.9% damatebiT literaturas, xolo 3.5%

sxvadasxva tipis aqtivobebs. gansxvavebuli Sedegebi gvaqvs I klasis

SemTxvevaSi vizualur TvalsaCinoebas iyenebs maswavlebelTa 69.7%,

sagnobriv TvalsaCinoebas 60.6%, damatebiT literaturas 20.2%, xolo

sxvadasxva tipis aqtivobebs mxolod 3%.


44

diagramaze #19 mocemulia pasuxebis ganawileba kiTxvaze aqvT Tu ara

saklaso biblioTeka.

saklaso biblioTeka

20,80%

50,30%

79,20%

49,70%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

VII-X klasi

I klasi

diax

ara

diagrama #19: saklaso biblioTekis qona

VII-X klasis maswavleblebi skolis biblioTekaSi moswavleebs agzavnian

umetesad kviraSi erTxel an 2-jer- (33.3%); TveSi erTxel an 2-jer -

maswavlebelTa 29.6%-i agzavnis, xolo umetesobam aRniSna, rom

moswavleebs skolis biblioTekaSi arasodes (22.2%) an TiTqmis arasodes

agzavnis (30,50%).

sagnis laboratoriebi ara aqvs gamokiTxulTa 68%, xolo 38% aqvs.

skolis adamianuri resursebi

VII-X klasis maswavlebelTa 36.7%-is pasuxis mixedviT skolaSi

hyavT fsiqologi, 33.3%-is pasuxebis mixedviT logopedi, 37.8%-is

pasuxebis mixedviT laboranti da 21.1%-is mixedviT eqimi.


45

aRsaniSnavia, rom I klasis maswavleblebis pasuxebis mixedviT maT

skolaSi aris fsiqologi- 50% maswavleblebis pasuxis mixedviT,

laboranti 45.8% maswavleblebis pasuxis mixedviT logopedi

45.8% maswavleblebis pasuxis mixedviT da eqimi 37.5%

maswavleblebis pasuxis mixedviT.

swavlebis meTodebi

kvlevis erT-erTi amocana iyo dagvedgina, ramdenad iyeneben swavlebis

individualur meTodebs sxvadasxva donis moswavleebis mimarT. kerZod,

ramden moswavles aqvs sirTuleebi axali masalis aTvisebis dros, ramden

sust moswavles sWirdeba damatebiTi axsna ganmarteba, ramden warCinebuls

eZleva damatebiTi davaleba. kvlevis Sedegebidan gamomdinare VII-X

klasebSi 736 moswavles aqvs sirTuleebi axali masalis aTvisebisas, rac

VII-X klasis saerTo raodenobis 26.5%-ia. aseve 788 sust moswavles

sWirdeba damatebiTi axsna-ganmarteba, rac saerTo raodenobis 28.3%-ia da

565 Zlier moswavles eZleva damatebiTi davaleba, rac saerTo raodenobis

20.3%-ia.

I klasis SemTxvevaSi pasuxebi ase ganawilda: 85 moswavles aqvs sirTuleebi

axali masalis aTvisebisas, rac I klasis saerTo raodenobis 13.6%-ia. aseve

124 sust moswavles sWirdeba damatebiTi axsna-ganmarteba rac saerTo

raodenobis 19.3%-ia da 138 Zlier moswavles eZleva damatebiTi davaleba,

rac saerTo raodenobis 21.4%-ia.

dadginda saSualoze maRali dadebiTi kavSiri moswavleTa raodenobas

klasSi da im moswavleTa raodenobas Soris, visac aqvs sirTuleebi axali

masalis aTvisebisas. Pearson Correlation=0.404**16, aseve moswavleTa

raodenobasa da sust moswavleTa raodenobas Soris, Pearson Correlation=0.400**17.

rogorc statistikurma Sedegebma aCvena, moswavleTa raodenobebi

zemoTaRniSnuli parametrebis mixedviT, sagnis WrilSi gansxvavdeba.

gansxvavebaa VII klasis qarTulis da maTematikis maswavlebelTa mier

Zlieri moswavleebisaTvis damatebiTi davalebis micemaSi. kerZod, qarTulis

maswavleblebma mTlianobaSi upasuxes, rom 173 Zlier moswavles aZleven

16 Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) 17 Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)


46

damatebiT davalebas, xolo maTematikis maswavleblebma mTlianobaSi

daasaxeles 136 Zlieri moswavle, romelsac aZleven damatebiT davalebas. X

klasis maTematikis maswavleblebs ufro meti susti moswavlisaTvis

uxdebaT zedmeti axsna-ganmartebis micema, vidre qarTulis maswavleblebs

(Sesabamisad 167 da 127). aseve, maTematikis maswavleblebis pasuxebis

mixedviT, ufro met moswavles aqvs sirTuleebi axali masalis aTvisebaSi,

vidre qarTulis maswavleblebis pasuxebis mixedviT.

VII-X klasis maswavlebelTa muSaobis yvelaze gavrcelebuli xerxi aris

erTidaigive masalis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva donis moswavleebTan, magram

sxvadasxva siswrafiT davalebis Sesrulebis moTxovna. am xerxs

maswavlebelTa 62.6% iyenebs, sxvadasxva masalas sxvadasxva donis

moswavleebTan iyenebs maswavlebelTa 27.5%. ganawileba swavlebis xerxebis

mixedviT mocemulia qvemoT, diagramaze #20:

maTematikis maswavleblebi ufro iyeneben gansxvavebul masalas

gansxvavebuli moswavleebisaTvis, vidre VII klasis qarTulis

maswavleblebi. am meTods VII klasis maTematikis maswavleblebis 30.6%

3,8% 6,1%

62,6%

27,5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

iyenebs erTsa da

imave masalas yvela

moswavlesTan,

radganac

maTi

SesaZleblobebis

done erTnairia

iyenebs erTsa da

imave masalas

sxvadasxva donis

moswavleebTan,

magram sxvadasxva

siswrafiT vTxov

davalebis

Sesrulebas

iyenebs erTsa da

imave masalas

yvela

moswavlesTan maTi

SesaZleblobebis

donis miuxedavad

da vTxov erTnairi

siswrafiT

Sesrulebas

iyenebs sxvadasxva

masalas sxvadasxva

donis moswavleebTan

diagrama #20: VII-X klasis maswavlebelTa mier gamoyenebuli

swavlebis xerxebi


47

iyenebs, roca qarTulis mxolod 8.3%, aseve X klasis maTematikis

maswavleblebis 41.7% iyenebs aRniSnul meTods, roca qarTulis mxolod

19.4%. gansxvaveba statistukurad mniSvnelovania.18 statistikurad

daTvlili iqna ramdenad aisaxeba swavlebis meTodi moswavleTa momzadebis

doneze. gansxvaveba meTodis mixedviT ar arsebobs, rac erTi mizeziT

SeiZleba aixsnas: moswavleTa momzadebis donis Sefaseba subieqturia da ar

asaxavs realur mdgomareobas.

skolis marTvis stili (saskolo sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli

gadawyvetilebis miRebis manera)

kvlevis interess Seadgenda, ra xerxiT xdeboda wina saswavlo wels

saxelmZRvanelos SerCeva. diagramaze #21 mocemulia VII-X klasis

maswavlebelTa pasuxebis ganawileba am kiTxvaze.

5,3%

75,6%

19,1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

skolis

administraciis

erTpirovnuli

gadawyvetilebiT

sagnis

maswavlebelTa

saerTo

gadawyvetilebiT

piradi arCevaniT

diagrama #21: saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebis SerCevis principi

rogorc diagramidan #21 Cans, saxelmZRvanelos arCeva xdeboda sagnis

maswavlebelTa saerTo gadawyvetilebiT (75.6%). xolo I klasis

18 Sig. (2-tailed)<0.005


48

maswavlebelTa SemTxvevaSi 100% maswavleblebis miuTiTebs, rom wignis

arCeva wina wels xdeboda skolis administraciis gadawyvetilebiT.

saxelmZRvanelos Zlier mxared ZiriTadad saxeldeba, Tu masSi aris

savarjiSoebi, amocanebi, krosvordebi, praqtikuli samuSaoebi. es parametri

metad mniSvnelovania I klasis maswavleblebisaTvis. VII-X klasis maswavle-blebisaTvis, aseve mniSvnelovania saxelmZRvanelos meToduroba (19.1%) da

masalis siiole da konkretuloba (25.2%).

maswavlebelTa TanamSromloba

digramaze #22 mocemulia Sedegebis ganawileba kiTxvaze- ramdenad xSirad

xvdebodnen wina wels sagnis sxva maswavleblebs VII-X klasis

maswavleblebi, raTa ganexilaT sagnis swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli

sakiTxebi.

17,1%14,0%

26,4%

29,5%

2,3%

7,8%

3,1%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

yoveldRe kviraSi 2-

jer an 3-

jer

kviraSi

erTxel

TveSi

erTxel

2 TveSi

erTxel

weliwadSi

erTxel an

2-jer

arasdros

diagrama #22: maswavlebelTa TanamSromloba

diagramebze #23 da #24 mocemulia pasuxebis ganawileba maTematikisa da

qarTulis maswavleblebs Soris ramdenad xSirad xvdebodnen wina wels

sagnis sxva maswavleblebs.


49

Sexvedrebis sixSire

qarTulis maswavleblebi

yovel dRe

kviraSi 2-3-jer

kviraSi erTxel

TveSi erTxel

TveSi orjer

2 TveSi erTxel

arasdros

%

403020100

9

33

31

11

11

diagrama #23: qarTulis maswavleblebis TanamSromloba

Sexvedrebis sixSire

maTematikis maswavleblebi

yovel dRe

kviraSi 2-3-jer

kviraSi erTxel

TveSi erTxel

TveSi orjer

or TveSi erTxel

arasdros

%

3020100

3

5

3

27

21

17

24

diagrama #24: maTematikis maswavleblebis TanamSromloba rogorc

diagramebidan Cans, maTematikis maswavleblebs kolegebTan ufro xSiri

Sexvedrebi aqvT, rac sagnis specifikidan gamomdinareobs.


50

diagrama #25-ze mocemulia Sedegebis ganawileba kiTxvaze - ramdenad

xSirad xvdebodnen I klasis Mmaswavleblebi TavianT kolegebs wina wels.

Sexvedrebis sixSire

I klasis maswavleblebi

yovel dRe

kviraSi 2-3 -jer

kviraSi erTxel

TveSi erTxel

TveSi orjer

%

50403020100

5

43

19

22

8

diagrama #25: dawyebiTis maswavleblebis TanamSromloba

rogorc diagramidan #26 dan Cans, moswavleebis problemebs VII-X klasis

maswavleblebi ganixilaven kolegebTan erTad ufro metad kviraSi erTxel

(28.7%).

5,4%

2,3%

6,2%

17,8%

28,7%

16,3%

23,3%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

yoveldRe kviraSi 2-

jer an 3-

jer

kviraSi

erTxel

TveSi

erTxel

2 TveSi

erTxel

weliwadSi

erTxel an

2-jer

arasdros

diagrama #26: moswavleTa problemebis ganxilvis sixSire VII-X klasis

maswavleblebis mier


51

moswavleTa Sefasebis meTodebi

kvlevis interess warmoadgenda, gamogvevlina yvela is SesaZlo meTodi,

romelsac iyenebdnen wina wels maswavleblebi mosawavleTa Sefasebisas.

yvelaze xSirad gamoyenebuli Sefasebis meTodebia sakontrolo davaleba,

zepiri gamokiTxva da weriTi saSinao davaleba. gamokiTxul maswavlebelTa

mxolod mesamedi (33.6%) iyenebs Sefasebis iseT meTods, rogoricaa

testireba.

mSoblis CarTva saswavlo procesSi

wina wels moswavleTa mSobels an meurves VII-X klasis maswavleblebi

TveSi erTxel xvdeboda (63.4%) – ix. diagrama #27:

6,9%

63,4%

18,3%

9,2%

2,3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

kviraSi

erTxel

TveSi

erTxel

an2-j

er

weliwad

Si4-6-j

er

weliwad

Si1-3-j

er

arasd

ros

diagrama #27: VII-X klasis maswavleblTa mSobelTan/meurvesTan Sexvedris

sixSire

I klasis maswavlebelTa pasuxebis ganawileba ki analogiur kiTxvaze, maTi

azriT ra sixSiriT unda xvdebodnen I klasis maswavleblebi mSoblebs

saskolo cxovrebis gansaxilvelad, mocemulia diagramaze # 28-ze:


52

ra sixSiriT unda xvdebodes maswavlebeli

pirveli klasis mSobels

TveSi erTxel/orjerkviraSi erTxel

%

100

80

60

40

20

0 8

92

diagrama #28: dawyebiTis maswavleblebis azri mSobelTan Sexvedris

sixSiris Sesaxeb

maswavleblis molodinebi moswavleTa moswrebis mimarT

kvleva iTvaliswinebda, Segveswavla maswavlebelTa molodinebi moswavleTa

moswrebis mimarT maT saganSi. rogorc Sedegebma aCvena, VII-X klasis

maswavlebelTa umravlesoba 51.9% fiqrobs, rom warCinebuli mis saganSi

klasSi iqneba naxevarze naklebi, xolo 29% miiCnevs, rom TiTqmis naxevari.

(diagrama #29), qarTulisa da maTematikis maswavleblebis molodinebs

Soris gansxvaveba ar dadasturda.


53

0,8%

14,5%

29,0%

51,9%

3,8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

yvela an

TiTqmis

yvela

naxevarze

meti

daaxloebiT

naxevari

naxevarze

naklebi

arcerTi an

TiTqmis

arcerTi

klasidan ramdeni moswavle iqneba warCinebuli Tqvens

saganSi

diagrama #29: VII-X klasis maswavlebelTa molodinebi mocemul saganSi

moswavleTa warmatebis Sesaxeb

I klasis maswavlebelTa 54.1 %-is azriT ki moswavleTa naxevarze meti

iqneba warCinebuli. I klasis maswavleblebs gacilebiT optimisturi

molodinebi aqvT sakuTari moswavleebis samomavlo moswrebis mimarT, vidre

VII-X klasis maswavleblebs. (diagrama # 30).


54

ramdeni moswavle iqneba warCinebuli

TiTqmis yvela

naxevarze meti

TiTqmis naxevari

naxevarze naklebi

%

6050403020100

11

24

54

11

diagrama #30: dawyebiTis maswavleblebis molodinebi moswavleTa

warmatebis Sesaxeb

daskvna: kvlevam gamoavlina, rom maswavleblebis umravlesobas ara aqvs

gavlili Semdgomi profesiuli gadamzadeba. maswavleblebis xelfasi araa

maTTvis Semosavlis ZiriTadi wyaro, aramed maT aqvT damatebiTi

Semosavlebi, es aris ZiriTadad maTi ojaxis wevris xelfasi. gamokiTxul

sapilote skolebSi moswavleTa gadineba-Sedinebis odenoba TiTqmis

Tanabaria.

gamokiTxuli qarTulis maswavleblebi ufro xSirad fiqroben, rom

moswavleebi dainteresebulebi arian maTi sagniT, vidre maTematikis

maswavleblebi. maswavleblebi ufro metad subieqturad afaseben

moswavleTa momzadebis dones TavianT sagnebSi. mxolod maswavlebelTa

mcire raodenobas aqvs Tanamedrove teqnikuri saSualebebis (kompiuteri,

laboratoria) gamoyenebis saSualeba. skolebSi arasakmarisia adamianuri

resursebic: fsiqologebi, logopedebi da sxva damxmare specialistebi.

dadginda, rom klasSi moswavleTa raodenobis zrda iwvevs damatebiT

problemebs axali masalis aTvisebis mxriv.


55

mocemuli kvlevis mixedviT, maTematikis maswavleblebs ufro meti

susti moswavlisaTvis uxdebaT zedmeti axsna-ganmartebis micema, vidre

qarTulis maswavleblebs da Sesabamisad, SeiZleba vigulisxmoT, rom

moswavleebs ufro uWirT maTematika, vidre qarTuli. VII-X klasis

maswavlebelTa muSaobis yvelaze gavrcelebuli xerxi aris erTidaigive

masalis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva donis moswavleebTan, magram sxvadasxva

siswrafiT davalebis Sesrulebis moTxovna.

saxelmZRvanelos arCevaSi Tavisuflebis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT,

skolebSi demokratiuli marTvis Canasaxebia (skolebSi VII-X

saxelmZRvanelos arCeva xdeboda sagnis maswavlebelTa saerTo

gadawyvetilebiT), Tumca I klasis saxelmZRvanelos arCeva administraciis

erTpirovnuli gadawyvetilebiT xdeboda 100 %-is SemTxvevaSi. maTematikis

maswavleblebs kolegebTan ufro xSiri Sexvedrebi aqvT sagnis swavlebasTan

dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad, vidre sxva sagnebis

maswavleblebs, rac SesaZloa sagnis specifikidan gamomdinareobdes.

sainteresoa, rom VII-X klasis moswavleebi ufro xSirad (kviraSi

erTxel) xvdebian erTmaneTs moswavleebis problemebis gansaxilvelad,

vidre I klasis maswavleblebi (TveSi erTxel). es SesaZloa ganpirobebulia

imiT, rom I klass ZiriTadad erTi maswavlebeli aswavlis, xolo VII-X

klasSi ki sxvadasxva sagnis maswavleblebi Sedian.

yvelaze xSirad gamoyenebuli Sefasebis meTodebia sakontrolo

davaleba, zepiri gamokiTxva da weriTi saSinao davaleba. wina wels

moswavleTa mSobels an meurves VII-X klasis maswavleblebi TveSi erTxel

xvdebodnen.

I klasis maswavleblebs gacilebiT optimisturi molodinebi aqvT

sakuTari moswavleebis samomavlo warmatebebis mimarT, vidre VII-X klasis

maswavleblebs.

saxelmZRvaneloebis Sefaseba

56

4.3. kvlevis dasaxeleba: saxelmZRvaneloebis Sefaseba

kvlevis mizani: saxelmZRvaneloebis asakTan Sesabamisoba da pedagogiuri

gamarTuloba

sakvlevi faqtorebi:

paragrafis Sinaarsis, enis da savarjiSoebis sirTule (asakTan

Sesabamisoba);

Tanmimdevruloba;

moswavleTa motivacia;

savarjiSoebi, rogorc meToduri saxelmZRvaneloebi;

TvalsaCinoeba, rogorc meTodikis nawili.

Catarebis dro: 2005 oqtomberi–noemberi

kvlevis meTodi: maswavlebelTa gamokiTxva. Kspecialurad Sedgenili

kiTxvari zomavda “saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebis Sefasebis zogad

moTxovnebSi” mocemuli 4 kriteriumidan 2-s: saxelmZRvaneloebis asakTan

Sesabamisoba da pedagogiuri gamarTuloba

kvlevis obieqti:

VII-X klasis 79 saxelmZRvanelo – 4000 anketa

centrebi: zugdidi, baTumi, quTaisi, Tbilisi, axalcixe, gori, gurjaani.

kvlevis Sedegebi:

Sedegebi damuSavda monacemTa statistikuri analizis kompiuteruli

paketiT. gamoyenebuli iqna aRweriTi da daskvniTi statistikis meTodebi,

kerZod, Pearson –is korelacia (r) da sixSireTa procentuli ganawileba.

saxelmZRvaneloebis Sefaseba

57

monacemebis sandobaze miuTiTebda:

1. urTierTsawinaaRmdego debulebebs Soris uaryofiTi

korelacia;

2. TiToeul blokSi msgavs SekiTxvebze dadebiTi korelacia.

sando pasuxebis procentuli ganawilebis analizis safuZvelze gakeTda

daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi, rogorc avtorebisTvis aseve SemfasebelTaTvis

(kerZod, daiwera 25 individualuri rekomendacia VII-X klasis

saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebisaTvis).

rekomendaciebi ar daiwera ((1) I klasis saxelmZRvaneloebisaTvis,

radganac raodenobrivi monacemebis simciris gamo iyo Tvisebrivi

informaciis damatebis saWiroeba. am mizniT dekemberis dasawyisSi daigegma I

klaselebis kvleva (ix. I klaseli moswavleebis kvleva); ((2) im 7-10 klasis

saxelmZRvaneloebisaTvis, romlis Sefaseba 20 respodentze naklebma gaakeTa

da romelzedac sando anketebis raodenoba 20-ze naklebi iyo.

daskvna: kvlevis am raodenobrivma meTodma ar gaamarTla am etapze,

ramdenadac saxelmZRvaneloebis Sefaseba daiwyo wlis dasawyisSi, rodesac

maswavleblebi ar iyvnen saTanadod kompetenturebi da ar flobdnen

kvalifikaciis Sesabamis dones, imisaTvis, rom adekvaturad SeefasebinaT

saxelmZRvaneloebi da erovnuli standartis moTxovnebi gaeSinagnebinaT. am

mizniT daigegma Tvisebrivi kvlevebi (kerZod, I klaseli moswavleebis

kvleva da maswavleblis dRiuri: saxelmZRvaneloebis Tvisebrivi analizi).

gakveTilze dakvirveba

58

4.4. kvlevis dasaxeleba: gakveTilze dakvirveba

kvlevis mizani: maswavleblis mier Tanamedrove swavlebis meTodebis

gamoyenebis Sefaseba.

sakvlevi faqtorebi: swavlebis Tanamedrove meTodikis gamoyenebis Sefaseba;

swavlis swavlis xelSewyobis Sefaseba;

gakveTilis marTvis stilis da xarisxis Sefaseba;

saswavlo garemos/atmosferos Sefaseba;

maswavleblebis optimizmis (bednierebis donis) Sefaseba.

Catarebis dro: 2005 noemberi- 2006 ianvari, Tebervali, aprili.

kvlevis meTodi: erTdroulad gamoyenebul iqna sami sxvadasxva meTodi:

gakveTilze dakvirveba, moswavleTa gamokiTxva, maswavleblis interviu.

kvlevis procedura moicavda eqspertis mier VII-X klasis gakveTilis

dakvirvebas, amis Semdeg xdeboda maswavleblisgan intervius meTodiT

informaciis Segroveba, imis Sesaxeb Tu igi piradad rogor afasebda Tavis

mier Catarebul gakveTils da moswavleebis gamokiTxva, imis Sesaxeb, Tu

isini rogor afasebdnen Catarebul gakveTils.

kvlevis obieqti: VII-X klasis 1114 moswavlis gamokiTxva, 158

gakveTilis dakvirveba (VII-X klasi), 53 (I klasis dakvirveba) da 63

maswavleblis (VII-X klasi) interviu.

kvlevis Sedegebi:

2005 wlis noember-aprilSi Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom

gakveTilis ZiriTadi mizani aris axali masalis axsna moswavleebisTvis,

Tumca gamonaklisia ianvris Tve, rodesac axali gakveTilis axsna da aseve

gamokiTxva erTnairi maCveneblebiT xasiaTdeba (ix. diagrama #1). gakveTilis

Semadgenel nawils aseve warmoadgens ganmtkiceba, romelsac eqspertebis

dakvirvebis monacemebiT, 30-35% ukavia anu dakvirvebis dros gakveTilebis

1/3 SemTxvevaSi damkvirvebeli gakveTilis miznad ganmtkicebas miiCnevs.

ganmtkicebasa da axali masalis axsnasTan SedarebiT naklebi adgili ukavia

gamokiTxvas. statistikuri Sedegebis mixedviT SesaZlebelia iTqvas, rom

aqcenti keTdeba axali masalis miwodebaze da mis ganmtkicebaze, xolo am

masalis aTvisebis xarisxis Sefaseba naklebad xdeba. Tumca aseTi Sedegis

mizezi SesaZlebelia iyos maswavlebelTa mxridan damkvirveblisaTvis


59

sakuTari SesaZleblobebis demonstrireba (sagnis codna) an damkvirveblis

subieqturi interpretacia gakveTilis mizanTan mimarTebaSi.

gakveTilis mizani

damkvirveblebi 42,

5%

35,

9%

35,

5%

30,

4%

32,

5%

25,

0%

41,

3%32,

3%

37,

0%

28,

3%

32,

3%

27,

2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

noemberi ianvari Tebervali aprili

Tveebi

%

axali gakveTilis axsna

ganmamtkicebeli

Sesamowmebeli

diagrama #1: damkvirveblis Sefasebebi: gakveTilis miznis gansxvaveba

Tveebis mixedviT

analogiuri Sedegebia I klasis dakvirvebis monacemebSic, Tumca axali

masalis axsnas I klasis SemTxvevaSi kidev ufro maRali maCvenebeli aqvs,

damkvirvebelTa 56.1% miiCnevs rom gakveTilis mizani axali masalis axsnaa,

36.6% fiqrobs, rom ganmtkiceba, xolo 12.2%-is azriT ki gakveTilis

mizani gamokiTxvaa.

aqve mizanSewonilia moviyvanoT maswavlebelTa intervius Sedegebi:

kiTxvaze, Tu ras miiCneven maswavleblebi gakveTilis miznad, gamokiTxulTa

49.2%-ma aRniSna, rom maT gakveTilze prioritetuli iyo axali masalis

axsna, 17.5% aRniSna, rom prioritetuli iyo wina gakveTilze ganvlili

masalis damuSaveba, xolo 33.3%-ma aRniSna, rom prioritetuli iyo

ganvlili masalis Semowmeba. rogorc Cans, maswavlebelTa da

damkvirvebelTa SefasebaSi gakveTilis mizanTan mimarTebaSi aris gansxvaveba.

kerZod, mawavleblebi miiCneven, rom maT axali masalis axsnasa da ganvlili


60

masalis gamokiTxvaze gaakeTes aqcenti (ix. diagrama #2), xolo

damkvirveblebi fiqroben, rom aqcenti gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi gakeTda

axali masalis axsnasa da masalis ganmtkicebaze.

49,2%

17,5%

33,3%

0,0%

10,0%

20,0%

30,0%

40,0%

50,0%

60,0%

axali gakveTilis

axsna

ganmamtkicebeli Sesamowmebeli

gakveTilis mizani

(maswavleblebi)

diagrama #2: maswavleblebis mier Sefasebuli gakveTilis ZiriTadi

mizani

@

Tu zemoT mocemuli monacemebis Sedarebas movaxdenT moswavleTa

gamokiTxvis SedegebTan (ixileT diagrama #3), aRmoCndeba, rom moswavleTa

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi uaxlovdeba damkvirveblebis pasuxebs axali masalis

axsnis parametriT, xolo ganmtkicebis parametri ki maswavleblebisa da

damkvirveblebis pasuxebis Sualeduria. rac Seexeba gamokiTxvas,

moswavleebis azriT, amas ufro xSirad hqonda adgili (39%), vidre amas

maswavleblebi da damkvirveblebi fiqroben.

maswavleblebisa da moswavleebis pasuxebis mixedviT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

orsave SemTxvevaSi masSi CarTulobis xarisxi gansazRvravs pasuxebs.

gakveTilis axsnis SemTxvevaSi maswavlebelia mTavari subieqti, xolo

gamokiTxvis SemTxvevaSi ki moswavle.


61

diagrama #3: moswavleebis mier Sefasebuli gakveTilis ZiriTadi mizani

diagramaze #4 mocemulia gakveTilis etapebi Tveebis mixedviT. monacemebis

mixedviT, aprilis TveSi SeiniSneba ganmtkicebis etapis statistikuri

maCveneblebis Sesusteba da monitoringis etapis gaZliereba, rasac Tavis

mxriv SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva mizezi hqondes. kerZod, ganmtkicebis etapis

Sesusteba ukavSirdebodes trimestris dasrulebas, xolo monitoringis

komponentis gazrda maswavleblis mier gakveTilis am komponentze

specialuri momzadebis (treningis) gavlas.


62


63

diagramaze #5-ze naCvenebia damkvirvebelTa, moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa

mier dasaxelebuli meTodebi, romelTac iyeneben maswavleblebi sxvadasxva

etapze, diagramaze monacemebi naCvenebia mTlianobaSi da ara sxvadasaxva

Tveebis mixedviT. rogorc diagramidan #5 Cans, yvelaze gavrcelebuli

meTodi, romelsac iyeneben maswavleblebi aris didaqtikuri meTodi.

respondentTa samive jgufi gamoyenebuli meTodebis dasaxelebisas

daaxloebiT erTnair pasuxebs iZleva.

diagrama #5: gakveTilze gamoyenebuli swavlebis meTodebi

diagramaze #6 mocemulia gamoyenebuli meTodebis ganawileba Tveebis

mixedviT. rogorc diagramidan Cans gansxvaveba Tveebis mixedviT ar aris

TvalsaCino; gansxvaveba SeiniSneba mxolod monologis meTodis gamoyenebaSi

Tveebis mixedviT da es gansxvaveba statistikurad sandoa.19 am garemoebis

19 Sig. (2-tailed)<0.005

gakveTilze gamoyenebuli meTodebi

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

maswavlebeli

damkvirvebeli

moswavle

maswavlebeli 33,40% 10,10% 12,80% 18,50% 12,80% 12,30%

damkvirvebeli 39,90% 11,60% 13,10% 15,80% 7,80% 11,80%

moswavle 34,30% 8,30% 14,50% 16,40% 10,10% 16,40%

didaqti

kuri

sokratu

li

praqtiku

li

social

uri

damouki

debeli

weriTi

monolo

gi


64

axsna SesaZlebelia mxolod erTi faqtoriT, rogoricaa maswavleblis mier

specialuri momzadebis (treningis) gavlena. aprilis TveSi maswavleblebi

ukve acnobiereben, rom monologi ar aris swavlebis efeqturi meTodi da

Sesabamisad amcireben mis gamoyenebas.

13,10%

10,10%

16,80%

5,60%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

didaqtikuri

sokratuli

praqtikuli

socialuri

damoukidebeli

weriTi

samuSao

monologi noemberi

ianvari

Tebervali

aprili

diagrama #6: gansxvaveba swavlebis meTodebis gamoyenebaSi Tveebis mixedviT

mocemul SemTxvevebSi maswavleblis mier didaqtikuri meTodis gamoyeneba

damkvirveblis mier Sefasebulia, rogorc saSualod efeqturi. (44.4%

fiqrobs, rom meTodi saSualod efeqturia, efeqturi - 26.3% da Zalian

efeqturi - 4.2%, xolo 16.9% meTods odnav efeqturad afasebs da 8.2%

fiqrobs, rom es meTodi araefeqturad iqna gamoyenebuli). detaluri

monacemebi gamoyenebuli meTodebisa da maTi efeqturobis Sesaxeb mocemulia

cxrilSi #1


65

meTodi araefeq-

turi

odnav

efeqturi

saSualod

efeqturi

efeqturi sruliad

efeqturi

didaqtukuri 8.2% 16.9% 44.4% 26.3% 4.2%

sokratuli 2.1% 7.1% 40.6% 42.7% 7.6%

praqtikuli 8.6% 15.9% 37.9% 30.6% 7.1%

socialuri 8.7% 14.8% 38.5% 33.3% 4.7%

damoukidebeli

muSaoba

13.3% 16.6% 43.6% 24.7% 1.8%

monologi 10.9% 18.7% 44.7% 21.6% 4.2%

cxrili #1: gamoyenebuli swavlebis meTodebis efeqturoba

rogorc cxrilidan Cans, damkvirvebelTa 42.7% miuTiTebs mocemul

SemTxvevaSi maswavleblis mier gamoyenebuli sokratuli meTodis

efeqturobaze, Tumca misi gamoyeneba diagramis #6-is mixedviT mxolod

11.6% SemTxvevaSi saxeldeba. analogiurad, praqtikuli da socialuri

meTodebic gamoiyeneba, damkvirvebelTa azriT, Sesabamisad, 13.1% da 15.8%

SemTxvevaSi saxeldeba, xolo maTi efeqturoba ufro maRalia, vidre

yvelaze xSirad gamoyenebuli didaqtikuri meTodisa (26.3%). yvelaze

araefeqturad miCneulia damoukidebeli muSaoba da monologi (13.3% da

10.9%)

diagramaze #7 mocemulia masalis kavSirebi, romelic dafiqsirebulia

damkvirvebelTa mier gakveTilis msvlelobisas. yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli

52.4% aqvs Sidasagnobriv kavSirebs. yvelaze dabali maCvenebeli aqvs

gamoyenebiT sferosa da saganTaSoris kavSirebs.


66

masalis kavSirebi

52,4%

11 ,6% 11 ,1%

22,0%

2,8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Sidasagnobrivi

saganTaSorisi

gamoyenebiTi

sfero

moswavlis

gamocdileba

kavSiri ar

aris

diagrama #7: maswavleblis mier sxvadasxva kavSirebis gamoyeneba

aRsaniSnavia, rom masalis kavSirebis Sefasebebi gansxvavdeba Tveebis mi-

xedviT. diagrama #8 ze da cxrilSi #2 mocemulia dawvrilebiTi mona-

cemebi. wina Tveebisgan gansxvavebiT Tebervalsa da martSi ufro iSviaTad

gvxvdeba saganTaSorisi kavSirebis dafiqsireba, xolo Sidasagnobrivi kav-

Sirebis dafiqsireba xdeba aprilSi ufro metad, vidre noembridan Teber-

vlis CaTvliT. Tumca statistikurad gansxvaveba ar aris mniSvnelovani.

masalis

kavSirebi noemberi ianvari Tebervali aprili

Sidasagnobrivi 51,80% 44,40% 55,60% 60,90%

saganTaSorisi 15,10% 13,30% 5,60% 9,20%

gamoyenebiTi

sfero 9,60% 16,20% 11,10% 7,60%

moswavlis

gamocdileba 19,50% 22,40% 25,80% 22,30%

kavSiri ar aris 4,10% 3,70% 2,00% 0,00%

cxrili #2: maswavleblis mier sxvadasxva kavSirebis gamoyeneba

procentebSi: gansxvavebebi Tveebis mixedviT


67

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Sidasagnobrivi

saganTaSorisi

gamoyenebiTi

sfero

moswavl

is

gamocdileba

kavSiri ar

aris

noemberi

ianvari

Tebervali

aprili

diagrama #8: maswavleblis mier sxvadasxva kavSirebis gamoyeneba

procentebSi: gansxvavebebi Tveebis mixedviT

dakvirvebis dros xdeboda agreTve moswavleTa azrovnebis aqtivaciis

Sefaseba, romelsac adgili hqonda gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi. unda aRiniSnos,

rom dakvirvebis dasawyisSi anu noembris dakvirvebis Sedegebis mixedviT

azrovnebis aqtivacia ufro nakleb SemTxvevSi xdeboda, vidre Semdgomi

dakvirvebis etapebze – ix. diagrama #9; noembris dakvirvebis mixedviT,

damkvrvebelTa 25.8% fiqrobs, rom gamoyenebuli meTodebis saSualebiT

azrovnebis aqtivacia Zalian dabalia, roca ianvar-aprilis dakvirvebis

mixedviT moswavleebis azrovnebis aqtivacia ufro izrdeba. es SesaZloa

gamowveulia imiT, rom TandaTanobiT mcirdeba maswavleblis mier

monologis meTodis gamoyeneba, rac miuTiTebs treningis zegavleniT misi

profesionalizmis gazrdaze. aseve, SesaZloa, damkvirveblis mier

dakvirvebis meTodis gamoyeneba ufro ixveweba.


68

azrovnebis aqtivacia Tveebis mixedviT

15.89%

25.80%28.15%

10.26%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

Zalian

dabali

dabali

saSualo

maRali

Zalian

maRali

noemberi

ianvari

Tebervali

aprili

diagrama #9: gansxvavebebi moswavleTa azrovnebis aqtivaciaSi Tveebis

mixedviT

cxrilSi #3 moyvanilia moswavleTa gamokiTxvis Sedegebi, romlebic exeba

azrovnebis aqtivacias gakveTilis procesSi. TiToeuli Sefaseba

moswavleTaTvis axsnili iyo winadadebiT, romelic mas unda aerCia.

Sedegebidan gamomdinare, moswavleTa 31,5 %-Tan azrovnebis Zalian maRali

aqtivacia aRmoaCnda, xolo 20.3 %-s Zalian dabali.

imisTvis, rom migeRoT maRali niSani sakmarisi iyo:

# pasuxi Sesatyvisi

Sefaseba

%

1 sakmarisi iyo gagexsenebinaT ra weria

saxelmZRvaneloSi;

Zalian

dabali

20,3

2 mTavris gamoyofa da dasabuTeba dabali 336,5

3 analogiuri SemTxvevis moZebna piradi

gamocdilebidan

saSualo 44,4

4 sxva adamianisTvis mocemuli masalis axsna maRali 77,4

5rTuli problemis gadaWra

Zalian

maRali

31,5

cxrili #3: moswavleebis mier Sefasebuli azrovnebis aqtivacia


69

cxrili #4-Si mocemulia kavSiri gamoynebul meTodsa da am meTodis

Sedegad moswavleTa azrovnebis aqtvacias Soris. rogorc cxrilidan Cans,

damkvirvebelTa umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom gakveTilze gamoyenebuli

meTodebidan azrovnebis aqtivaciis maRal dones ganapirobebs sokratuli

meTodisa (33%) da damoukidebeli samuSaos gamoyeneba gakveTilze (45.5%).

gamoyenebul meTodsa da azrovnebis aqtivacias Soris kavSiri

VII-X klasi azrovnebis aqtivacia sul:

Zalian

dabali

dabali

saSualo

maRali

Zalian

maRali

gamoyenebu

li

meTodebi

didaqtikuri 317 389 691 420 38 1855

meTodis

Sefasebis %17.1% 21.0% 37.3% 22.6% 2.0%

sokratuli 43 59 225 177 33 537

meTodis

Sefasebis %8.0% 11.0% 41.9% 33.0% 6.1%

praqtikuli 108 101 209 171 26 615

meTodis

Sefasebis %17.6% 16.4% 34.0% 27.8% 4.2%

socialuri 112 120 270 205 23 730

meTodis

Sefasebis %15.3% 16.4% 37.0% 28.1% 3.2%

damoukidebe

li samuSao 74 62 165 57 5 363

meTodis

Sefasebis %20.4% 17.1% 17.1% 45.5% 1.4%

monologi 132 131 198 99 14 574

meTodis

Sefasebis %23.0% 22.8% 34.5% 17.2% 2.4%

sul: 786 862 1758 1129 139 4674

cxrili #4: VII-X klasi: gamoyenebul meTodsa da azrovnebis aqtivacias

Soris kavSiri

cxrilis #5 is mixedviT, analogiuri Sedegebia I klasis dakvirvebis

monacemebis mixedviTac. azrovnebis aqtivaciis maRal dones, damkvirvebelTa


70

azriT, uzrunvelyofs sokratuli 66.7%, damoukidebeli samuSaos 33.3%

meTodebi, rasac emateba aseve TamaSis meTodi 30.1%.

I klasiazrovnebis aqtivacia sul:

Zalian

dabali

dabali

saSualo

maRali

Zalian

maRali

gamoyenebuli

meTodebididaqtikuri 65 139 138 119 8 469

meTodis Sefasebis % 13.9 29.6 19.4 25.4 1.7 36.9

sokratuli 3 3 7 28 1 42


praqtikuli 26 61 68 33 0 188

meTodis Sefasebis % 13.8 32.4 36.2 17.6 0 14.8

socialuri 15 23 27 17 0 82


damoukidebeli

samuSao12 20 27 31 3 93


monologi 25 37 30 20 0 112


TamaSi 31 70 91 86 8 286


sul: 117 353 388 334 20 1272

cxrili #5: I klasi: gamoyenebul meTodsa da azrovnebis aqtivacias Soris

kavSiri

cxrilSi #6 mocemulia VII-X klasis moswavleTa pasuxebis mixedviT

Sedgenili maCveneblebi, romlebic kiTxvaris mixedviT Seesabameba cxrilis

parametrebs20. Aaqedanac irkveva, rom azrovnebis maRal aqtivacias iwvevs

sokratuli meTodis gamoyeneba (66.7%) da damoukidebeli samuSao (33.3%);

20moswavleTa kiTxvarSi azrovnebis aqtivacia, rogorc termini ar aris mocemuli,

azrovnebis aqtivaciis sxvadasxva xarisxs Seesabameba moswavleTa konkretuli

TviTSefaseba, romelic aRwerilia winadadebebis saSualebiT.


71

VII-X klasiazrovnebis aqtivacia sul:

Zalian

dabali

dabali

saSualo

maRali

Zalian

maRali

gamoyenebuli

meTodebididaqtikuri 65 139 138 119 8 469

meTodis

Sefasebis %13.9 29.6 19.4 25.4 1.7 36.9

sokratuli 3 3 7 28 1 42

meTodis

Sefasebis %7.1 7.1 16.7 66.7 2.4 3.3

praqtikuli 26 61 68 33 0 188

meTodis

Sefasebis %13.8 32.4 36.2 17.6 0 14.8

socialuri 15 23 27 17 0 82

meTodis

Sefasebis %18.3 28.0 32.9 20.7 0 6.4

damoukidebeli

samuSao12 20 27 31 3 93

meTodis

Sefasebis %12.9 21.5 29.0 33.3 3.2 7.3

monologi 25 37 30 20 0 112

meTodis

Sefasebis %22.3 33.0 26.8 17.9 0 8.8

cxrili #6: VII-X klasis moswavleebis mier Sefasebuli: gamoyenebul

meTodsa da azrovnebis aqtivacias Soris kavSiri

kvleva iTvaliswinebda imis dadgenas, Tu ramdenadaa CarTuli moswavle

gakveTilis procesSi. am kiTxvaze sxvadasxva formulirebebiT pasuxobdnen

rogorc damkvirveblebi, aseve maswavleblebi da moswavleebi. aRmoCnda, rom

damkvirvebelTa pasuxebi am kiTxvaze gansxvavdeba maswavlebelTa

pasuxebisgan. damkvirvebelTa 33.5% afiqsirebs, rom klasis naxevaria

CarTuli gakveTilis procesSi, 35.2% aRniSnavs, rom klasis naxevarze

metia CarTuli, xolo maswavleblebis SemTxvevaSi 42.9% miuTiTebs, rom

klasis naxevarze metia CarTuli, xolo 46.0% aRniSnavs, rom mTeli klasia

CarTuli. diagramaze #10 gansxvavebebi naTlad Cans21

21 Sig. (2-tailed)<0.005


72

8,0%

14,2%

33,5%35,2%

9,1%

16,2%

6,3%

42,9%

46,0%

3,2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

erTeulebi

kl

asis mcire

nawil

i

naxevari

klasi

naxevarze

meti

TiTqmis

mTel

i kl

asi

damkvirveblebi

maswavleblebi

diagrama #10: damkvirveblebis da maswavleblebis Sefasebebi moswavleTa

CarTulobaze

maswavleblebs daesmodaT SekiTxva, xels xom ar uSlida gakveTilis

procesSi vinme. am kiTxvaze pasuxebi ase ganawilda: ki 9.5%, ara 90.5%.

aseve maswavleblebs daesmodaT SekiTxva, Tu ramdeni moswavle iyo pasiuri.

pasiurobis maCvenebeli aris 25.2%, xolo CarTulobis ki 76.3%.

kavSiri arsebobs gamoyenebul meTodsa da moswavlis CarTulobas Soris.

kerZod, gamoyenebuli meTodebidan sokratuli meTodis SemTxvevaSi

CarTulobis yvelaze maRali xarisxi dafiqsirda. gamokiTxulTa 15.8%

aRniSnavs, rom am meTodis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi klasis CarTuloba

maqsimaluria (TiTqmis mTeli klasi). sxva meTodebis SemTxvevaSi ki

CarTulobis maqsimaluri xarisxi 8%ze naklebma damkvirvebelma daafiqsira.


73

gansxvavebebi Tveebis mixedviT damkvirvebelTa pasuxebSi moswavleTa

CarTulobasTan dakavSirebiT ar gamovlinda.

diagramaze #11 mocemulia moswavleTa sxva reaqciebi, romlebsac isini

avlendnen gakveTilis procesSi. diagramaze naTlad Cans, rom moswavleebis

destruqciuli reaqcia naklebad SeimCneva, Tumca am garemoebis

ganmsazRvrel faqtors SesaZlebelia damkvirvebelTa arseboba

warmoadgendes.

moswavleTa sxva reaqciebi

29.1%

4.9%

34.1%

16.3%

15.6%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

pasiuri

destruqciuli

CarTuli warmatebuli

CarTuli warumatebeli

CarTuli saWiroebs daxmarebas

diagrama #11: moswavleTa reaqciebi gakveTilze

moswavleebsac eZleodaT SekiTxva, romelic asaxavs moswavlis reaqciebs

gakveTilis procesSi. moswavleTa pasuxebi mocemulia diagramaze #12.


74

51,0

17,3

20,8

9,7

1,2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

CarTuli viyavi vasrulebdi maswavleblis

davalebas da wamatebiT Sevasrule igi

vasrulebdi mawavleblis davalebas, mgram

davuSvi Secdoma

vasrulebdi mawavleblis davalebas, mgram

raRac ver gavige da davusvi SekiTxva

maswavlebels

ubralod Cumad vijeqi

xels vuSlidi maswavlebals

moswavlis CarTuloba

diagrama #12: VII-X klasis moswavleebis mier Sefasebuli reaqciebi

gaakveTilze

Tu SevadarebT am or diagramaze arsebul monacemebs, aRmovaCenT, rom

moswavleTa TviTSefaseba ufro maRalia, vidre damkvirveblebis Sefaseba.

mag: moswavlis pasuxi - CarTuli viyavi, vasrulebdi maswavleblis

davalebas da warmatebiT Sevasrule - 51.0%-i Seesabameba damkvirvebelTa

pasuxs CarTuli warmatebuli 34.1%.

damkvirvebelTa SefasebiT maswavlebelTa gamoxmaurebis ganawileba

mocemulia diagramaze #13, sadac naTlad Cans, rom maswavleblebs

ZiriTadad pozitiuri gamoxmaureba aqvT moswavleTa reaqciebze.


75

maswavleblis gamoxmaureba

26.3%

10.6%

55.6%

7.6%

ignorireba

negatiuri gamoxmaureba

pozitiuri gamoxmaureba

konstruqtiuli

gamoxmaureba

diagrama #13: maswavlebelTa gamoxmaureba moswavleTa reaqciebze

diagramaze #14 mocemulia maswavlebelTa da damkvirvebelTa pasuxebis

ganawileba maswavleblis gamoxmaurebaze. rogorc diagramaze Cans,

maswavlebelTa ufro mcire nawili ambobs, rom moswavleTa reaqciebze

dadebiTi gamoxmaureba aqvs (42.6%), vidre damkvirveblebi (55.6%), xolo

maswavlebelTa ufro didi nawili ambobs, rom mas moswavleTa reaqciebze

uaryofiTi gamoxmaureba aqvs (20.6%,) rasac damkvirvebelTa mxolod 10.6%

aRniSnavs. es SesaZloa miuTiTebdes, rom maswavleblebi ufro

TviTkritikulebi arian.


76

dadebiTi

maswavleblis gamoxmaureba

25.0%

20.9%

42.6%

11.5%10.6%

55.6%

7.6%

26.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

ignorireba uaryofiTi gamoxmaurebadadebiTi

gamoxmaureba

maswavlebeli

damkvirvebeli

konstruqciuli

gamoxmaureba

diagrama #14: gansxvavebebi maswavlebelTa da damkvirvebelTa pasuxebSi

maswavleblis gamoxmaurebasTan dakavSirebiT

igive kiTxva daesmodaT moswavleebsac, maT ekiTxebodnen gakveTilis

msvlelobisas maswavlebeli Tu ra saxiT gamoexmaura maT. diagramaze #15

mocemulia moswavleTa pasuxebis ganawileba. moswavleTa pasuxebi

radikalurad gansxvavdeba maswavlebelTa da damkvirvebelTa pasuxebisagan,

moswavleebi ZiriTadad pasuxoben, rom maswavlebels konstruqciuli

gamoxmaureba hqonda maT reaqciaze (mag. kiTxvebis saSualebiT mimaxvedra,

Tu rogor unda movqceuliyavi - 54.9%);


77

sxva davaleba mogcaT

gagibrazdaT

kiTxvebis sSualebit

migaxvedraT,rogor

moqceuliyaviT

SegaqoT

SeniSvna mogcaT

ar mogaqciaT yuradTeba

6050403020100

%

7.19%

0.6%

54.92%

24.89%

6.5%

5.9%

Mmoswavleebis mier maswavleblis gamoxmaurebis Sefaseba

diagrama #15: moswavleebis mier maswavleblis gamoxmaurebis Sefaseba

diagramaze #16 naCvenebia damkvirvebelTa pasuxebis ganawileba kiTxvaze Tu

rogor xdeba gakveTilis etapidan etapze gadasvla. rogorc diagramidan

Cans, maswavleblebi ZiriTadad gegmis mixedviT gadadian sxva etapze 82.9%

da iSviaT SemTxvevaSi situaciurad 11%. gamokiTxuli maswavleblebis 88.2%

Aambobs, rom mas gakveTilis Catarebisas hqonda winaswari gegma, romliTac

xelmZRvanelobda.


78

cxriliSi #6-Si mocemulia maswavlebelTaa pasuxebis ganawleba kiTxvaze

Tu ramdenad advilad gasagebi, saintereso da praqtikuli iyo micemuli

masala moswavleTaTvis. rogorc cxrilidan Cans, maswavleblebi micemul

masalas advilad gasagebad, sainteresod da praqtikuli gamoyenebis mqoned

aRiqvamen.

# advilad

gasagebi

saintereso praqtikuli

1 ar veTanxmebi 3.2% 1.6% 4.8%

2 naklebad

veTanxmebi

4.8% 6.3% 9.5%

3 ar var

darwmunebuli

9.5% 9.5% 4.8%

4 TiTqmis

veTanxmebi

39.7% 27.0% 33.3%

5 sruliad

veTanxmebi

39.7% 54.0% 44.4%

cxrili #6: maswavleblis mier moswavlisaTvis micemuli davalebis

Sefaseba

rogor xdeba gakveTilis Semdgom etapze gadasvla

82.90%

11.00%6.03%

gegma

situacia

gegmas axorcielebs,

magram modifikaciiT

diagrama #16: gakveTilis gegmis mixedviT warmarTva


79

kvlevisas damkvirvebelTa mxridan xdeboda maswavlebelTa Sefaseba marTvis

stilis mixedviT cxrilebSi #7,8,9 mocemulia damkvervebelTa Sefaseba da

maswavlebelTa TviTSefaseba. rogorc cxrilidan Cans, damkvirveblebi

saerTo jamSi kmayofilni arian maswavlebelTa marTvis stiliT, radgan

gamokiTxulTa umetesoba maswavleblTa marTvis stilis sxvadasxva

komponents ‘’kargad’’ afasebs. maswavleblebi kidev ufrod dadebiTad

afaseben sakuTar gakveTils.

cxrili #7:

marTvis stili da xarisxi

VII-X klasi

(damkvirveblebi) aradamakmay

ofilebeli

damakmayofi

lebeli

saSualo

kargi

saukeTeso

sivrcis da samuSaos

organizeba 12.90% 29.90% 33.10% 20.70% 2.50%

maswavleblis mier

Catarebuli aqtivobis

organizeba 9.90% 33.70% 22.00% 32.40% 2.50%

moswavlis mier

Casatarebeli aqtivobis

organizeba 9.70% 29.80% 28.50% 30.50% 1.20%

gakveTilis droSi gnawileba 11.00% 27.20% 20.10% 38.30% 1.90%

moswavlisTvis gankuTvnili

instruqciis sicxade 3.80% 27.90% 15.50% 48.10% 3.80%

maswavleblis

keTilganwyobili

damokidebulebis gamovlena

moswavlis mimarT 3.80% 16.20% 16.80% 50.60% 12.30%


80

cxrili #9:

marTvis stili da xarisxi

VII-X klasi (maswavleblebi)

aradamakma

yofilebe

li damakma-

yofile-

beli

saSualo

kargi

saukeTeso

sivrcis da samuSaos

organizeba3.2% 3.2% 50.8% 37.9% 3.2%

maswavleblis mier

Catarebuli aqtivobis

organizeba

1.6% 3.2% 19.0% 65.1% 11.1%

gakveTilis droSi ganawileba 4.8% 22.2% 61.9% 11.1%

damkvirvebelTa pasuxebis mixedviT (41.2%) klasis umetesi nawili avlens

dadebiT emociebs maswavleblis mimarT. gamokiTxulTa mxolod 11.75-is

azriT, mxolod erTeulebi avlenen dadebiT emocias maswavleblis mimarT

(diagrama #17);

cxrili #8:

marTvis stili da xarisxi VII-X

klasi (damkvirveblebi)

arasdros

iSviaTad

zogjer

xSirad

yovelTvis

maswavlebeli moswavleebs mimarTavs

rogorc pirovnebebs, saxelebiT 5.80% 13.60% 20.70% 32.40% 27.30%

maswavlebeli iyenebs Tvalis

kontaqts moswavleebTan 9.70% 21.40% 24.10% 33.10% 11.00%

saxelmZRvanelos gamoyeneba 1.90% 7.10% 19.50% 42.90% 27.90%

damatebiTi damxmare masalebis

gamoyeneba 47.70% 16.90% 15.60% 15.60% 3.20%


81

11 .7%

14.3%

26.8%

41 .2%

5.3%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

mxolod

erTeuli

mowafeebi

mcire

nawili

naxevari

klasi

klasis

umetesi

nawili

mTeli

klasi

moswavlis dadebiTi emociebis gamovlena

(damkvirveblebi)

diagrama #17: moswavlis reaqciebi maswavleblis mimarT

analogiur kiTxvaze maswavleblebic pasuxobdnen. kiTxvaze keTilganwyobili

arian Tu ara moswavleebi maT mimarT, pasuxebi ase ganawilda: xan ki xan

ara 3.2%, TiTqmis yovelTvis 36.5%, yovelTvis 60.3%.

zogadi monacemebi maswavleblis Sesaxeb:

maswavlebelTa asaki:

I jgufi 30 weli danaklebi 12.7%

II jgufi 31-40 weli 22.2%

III jgufi 41-55 weli 6.0%

IV jgufi 55 da meti 19.0%

masawavlebelTa 9.5%-s aqvs umaRlesi arapedagogiuri ganaTleba, 88.9%

umaRlesi pedagogiuri, xolo 1.6% sxva saxis ganaTleba aqvs miRebuli.


82

gamokiTxul maswavlebelTa saerTo pedagogiuri staJi meryeobs 1-dan 49

wlamde, saSualo staJi aris 21 weli.

maswavlebelTa yovelkvireuli datvirTva meryeobs 8sT-dan 20 sT-mde,

xolo saSualo maCvenebeli gamokiTxuli maswavleblebis aris 16,1sT.

maswavlebelTa 73% DAfexiT, 20.6% sazogadoebrivi transportiT, xolo

6.3% sakuTari manqaniT dadis, amasTan maswavlebelTa 44.4% -s skolidan

saxlamde manZili 500 metramdea (33.3%-isTvis 500m -2 kmde; 14.3%-isTvis

2-5km-mde; 4.8%-isTvis 5-10 km-mde da 3.25%-isTvis 10 km-ze meti).

bednierebis xarisxi:

kvlevisas maswavleblis mier fasdeboda sakuTari mdgomareobis Sefaseba,

anu ramdenad bednierad grZnobdnen isini Tavs. meTodika iTvaliswinebda,

rom araverbaluri simboluri niSnebi aerCia maswavlebels sakuTari

bednierebis xarisxis gamosaxatavad. cxrilSi #10 mocemulia simboloebis

Sesabamisi bednierebis xarisxi, rogorc cxrilidan Cans, maswavleblebi

sakuTar bednierebas momavalSi ufro elian, vidre amJamad aqvT.

Sefaseba amJamad momavalSi

Zalian bednieri 14.3% 55.6%

bednieri 50.8% 38.1%

arc bednieri arc

ubeduri

31.7% 4.8%

ubeduri 3.2% 0

Zalian ubeduri 0 1.6%

cxrili #10: maswavleblebis mier sakuTari bednierebis donis Sefaseba

daskvna: kvlevis Sedegebi miuTiTebs, rom ZiriTadad maswavleblebi (I, VII

da X klasisa) koncentrirebulni arian axali masalis miwodebaze da mis

ganmtkicebaze, xolo naklebad - am masalis aTvisebis xarisxis Sefasebaze.

es SesaZloa iyos imis maCvenebeli, rom damkvirveblis daswrebis pirobebSi,

isini cdiloben sakuTari codnis demonstrirebas da dros ar xarjaven

moswavleebis Sefasebaze.


83

sainteresoa, rom yvelaze gavrcelebuli meTodi, romelsac iyeneben

maswavleblebi aris didaqtikuri meTodi. respondentTa samive jgufi,

maswavleblebi, damkvirveblebi da moswavleebi, gamoyenebuli meTodebis

dasaxelebisas daaxloebiT erTnair pasuxebs iZleva. meTodebis gamoyenebis

gansxvaveba Tveebis mixedviT (noemberi, ianvari, Tebervali da aprili) ar

aris TvalsaCino, gansxvaveba SeiniSneba mxolod monologis meTodis

gamoyenebaSi Tveebis mixedviT da es gansxvaveba statistikurad sandoa. es

SeiZleba aixsnas maswavleblis mier specialuri momzadebis (pilotirebis

treningis) gavliT. aprilis TveSi maswavleblebi ukve acnobiereben, rom

monologi ar aris swavlebis efeqturi meTodi da Sesabamisad amcireben mis

gamoyenebas. maswavleblebi saSualo efeqturobiT iyeneben didaqtikur

meTods. marTalia, mxolod maswavlebelTa mcire ricxvi iyenebs sokratul

meTods, magram maT es sakmaod warmatebiT gamosdiT. moswavlis transferis

unar-Cvevis ganviTarebas emsaxureba maswavleblis mier masalis sxvadasxva

kavSirebze apelireba. yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli aqvs Sidasagnobriv

kavSirebis gamoyenebas, xolo yvelaze dabali maCvenebeli aqvs gamoyenebiT

sferosa da saganTaSoris kavSirebs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom masalis kavSirebis Sefasebebi gansxvavdeba Tveebis

mixedviT. Sidasagnobrivi kavSirebis dafiqsireba aprilSi ufro metad xdeba,

vidre noembridan Tebervlis CaTvliT. es ukanaskneli Sedegi SesaZlebelia

ganpirobebulia imiT, rom maswavlebelTa profesionalizmi TandaTanobiT

izrdeba.

unda aRiniSnos, rom dakvirvebis dasawyisSi anu noembris dakvirvebis

Sedegebis mixedviT moswavleTa azrovnebis aqtivacia ufro iSviaTad

xdeboda, vidre Semdgomi dakvirvebis etapebze - aprilSi. es SesaZloa

gamowveulia imiT, rom TandaTanobiT mcirdeba maswavleblis mier

monologis meTodis gamoyeneba (misi profesionalizmis gazrda);; azrovnebis

aqtivaciis maRal maCveneblebze miuTiTebs Tavad moswavleebis

TviTSefasebebic. monacemebi aseve miuTiTebs, rom gakveTilze gamoyenebuli

meTodebidan azrovnebis aqtivaciis maRal dones ganapirobebs sokratuli

meTodi da damoukidebeli samuSao.

sainteresoa, rom kavSiri arsebobs gamoyenebul meTodsa da moswavlis

CarTulobas Soris. kerZod, gamoyenebuli meTodebidan sokratuli meTodis


84

SemTxvevaSi CarTulobis yvelaze maRali xarisxi dafiqsirda. gansxvavebebi

Tveebis mixedviT damkvirvebelTa pasuxebSi moswavleTa CarTulobasTan

dakavSirebiT ar gamovlinda.

gakveTilis procesSi moswavleebis destruqciuli reaqcia naklebad

SeimCneva, Tumca am garemoebis ganmsazRvrel faqtors SesaZlebelia

damkvirvebelTa arseboba warmoadgendes. monacemebi miuTiTebs, rom

maswavleblebs ZiriTadad pozitiuri gamoxmaureba aqvT moswavleTa

reaqciebze, Tumca konstruqciuli gamoxmaurebis wili damkvirveblebis

TvalsazrisiT (rac xels uwyobs swavlis swavlas) mainc arasakmarisia.

Tumca amas ar eTanxmeba Tavad moswavleebis azri. isini miiCneven, rom

maswavleblebs ZiriTadad konstruqciuli gamoxmaureba hqondaT maT

reaqciaze (mag. maswavlebelma kiTxvebis saSualebiT mimaxvedra Tu rogor

unda movqceuliyavi);

damkvirveblebis azriT, maswavleblebi ZiriTadad gegmis mixedviT

gadadian sxva etapze da iSviaT SemTxvevaSi situaciurad. aseve,

gamokiTxuli maswavleblebis umravlesoba Aambobs, rom mas gakveTilis

Catarebisas hqonda winaswari gegma, romliTac xelmZRvanelobda. kvlevisas damkvirvebelTa mxridan xdeboda maswavlebelTa Sefaseba

marTvis stilis mixedviT. damkvirveblebi saerTo jamSi kmayofilni arian

maswavlebelTa marTvis stiliT, radgan gamokiTxulTa umetesoba

maswavleblTa marTvis stilis sxvadasxva komponents ‘’kargad’’ afasebs.

maswavleblebic aseve dadebiTad afaseben sakuTar gakveTils. aseve,

sainteresoa, rom rogorc damkvirvebelTa, aseve maswavlebelTa pasuxebis

mixedviT, klasis umetesi nawili avlens dadebiT emociebs da

keTilganwyobilni arian maswavleblis mimarT.

kvlevis monacemebi miuTiTebs, rom zogadad maswavleblebi

optimisturad arian ganwyobilni momavlis mimarT.

I klaseli moswavleebis kvleva

85

4.5. kvlevis dasaxeleba: MI klaseli moswavleebis

kvleva

kvlevis mizani: I klaselTa saskolo motivaciis donis gansazRvra da misi

kavSiri saswavlo atmosferosTan

sakvlevi faqtorebi:

moswavlis motivacia

moswavlis saskolo mzaobis kavSiri moswavlis motivaciasTan

moswavlis unarebis kavSiri mis motivaciasTan

moswavlis mier saskolo warmatebis gancdis kavSiri moswavlis

motivaciasTan

moswavlis swavlis Cvevebis kavSiri moswavlis motivaciasTan

moswavlis TanaklaselebTan da maswavlebelTan urTierTobis kavSiri

moswavlis motivaciasTan

moswavlis sawyisi motivaciis da moswavlis amJamindeli motivaciis

kavSiri

moswavlis saswavlo Sedegebi (kiTxvis teqnika da fonematuri

sinTezi) da kavSiri motivaciasTan

saswavlo datvirTva

ojaxuri atmosfero

Catarebis dro: 2005 wlis dekemberi- 2006 wlis aprili

kvlevis meTodi:

moswavleTa gamokiTxva _ maTi saskolo motivaciis donis

gansazRvra

mawavlebelTa gamokiTxva _ moswavleTa individualuri

daxasiaTeba saskolo mzaobisTvis aucilebeli unarebis

ganviTarebis donis dasadgenad

mSoblebis gamokiTxva _ moswavleTa sakolo mzaobis, maTi

fizikuri da fsiqikuri janmrTelobis, saswavlo Cvevebis,

saswavlo datvirTvis, mSobeli-Svilis urTierTobebis, mSoblebis

Rirebulebebis Sesafaseblad

moswavleTa kiTxvis teqnikis Semowmeba

moswavleTa fonematuri sinTezis Semowmeba


86

kvlevis obieqti:

moswavleTa gamokiTxva _ Catarda 23 skolaSi, monawileoba

miiRo 389 moswavlem

mawavlebelTa gamokiTxva _ Catarda 22 skolaSi, 23

maswavlebelma mogvawoda informacia 401 moswavleze

mSoblebis gamokiTxva _ Catarda 23 skolaSi, 321 mSobelma

mogvawoda informacia 321 moswavleze

moswavleTa kiTxvis teqnikis Semowmeba da moswavleTa

fonematuri sinTezis Semowmeba Catarda 19 skolaSi, monawileoba

miiRo 341 moswavlem;

im moswavleTa raodenobam, romelTa Sesaxeb informacia xuTive

instrumentiT aris mopovebuli Seadgina: 269.

kvlevis Sedegebi: pirvelklaseli moswavleebis kvleva miznad isaxavda axali saswavlo

gegmebiT mimdinare saswavlo procesisa da moswavleTa saswavlo Sedegebze

moqmedi faqtorebis Seswavlas. Cvens hipoTezas warmoadgenda, rom

moswavlis saswavlo Sedegi misi motivaciiTaa ganpirobebuli, xolo

motivaciaze Tavis mxriv moqmedebs sxvadasxva faqtori _ saswavlo miznebi

da saswavlo atmosfero. saswavlo atmosferoSi gaerTianda moswavlis

saskolo mzaoba, saskolo urTierTobebi, ojaxuri atmosfero. erovnuli

saswavlo gegmebiT dasaxuli saswavlo miznebi (kurikulumi da

metakurikulumi) asaxulia saxelmZRvaneloebSi saswavlo datvirTvaSi da

saswavlo CvevebSi, romelic umuSavdebaT moswavleebs.

monacemTa dasamuSaveblad gamoyenebul iqna aRweriTi da axsniTi

ststistikis Semdegi meTodebi:

korelaciuri analizi;

dispersiuli analizi;

aranormatiuli kriteriumebi;

regresiuli analizi.

kvlevam aCvena Semdegi mniSvnelovani Sedegebi: moswavleTa saswavlo

motivaciis gazomvam I trimestris bolos aCvena, rom moswavleebs am dros

maRali saswavlo motivacia hqondaT. kiTxvaris mixedviT maqsimaluri

Sedegi 30 qulas warmoadgens, rac niSnavs, rom aseTi bavSvebi gamoirCevian

maRali SemecnebiTi motiviT, warmatebiT asruleben saskolo moTxovnebs,

arian keTilsindisierni da aqvT maRali pasuxismgebloba. mtkivneulad

ganicdian aradamakmayofilebel Sefasebas da SeniSvnas pedagogisagan. Cvens

SerCevaSi moswavleebis motivaciis saSualo maCvenebelia 22,83 qula, xolo


87

dabali motivaciis maCvenebeli, anu 15 qulaze naklebi mxolod 26

moswavles aqvs miRebuli (6,7%). sixSireTa ganawileba mocemulia

diagramaze (#1), sadac naTlad Cans, rom dabali motivaciis mqone

moswavleTa raodenoba mcirea.

6,00

9,00

11,00

13,00

15,00

17,00

19,00

21,00

23,00

25,00

27,00

30,00

50403020100

diagrama #1: I klasel moswavleTa motivacia

Cven gvainteresebda ra faqtorebi axdendnen gavlenas motivaciaze da Tavis

mxriv motivacia ramdenad iyo dakavSirebuli saswavlo SedegebTan.

moswavlis saskolo mzaobis kavSiri moswavlis motivaciasTan

moswavlis saskolo mzaobis blokidan mxolod moswavlis asaki aRmoCnda

kavSirSi moswavlis motivaciasTan (pirsoni, r = 0,138; p <0,05); rac

miuTiTebs imaze, rom saskolo motivacia asakis funqcias warmoadgens. es

Sedegi miuTiTebs imaze, rom skolaSi moswavlis adreul asakSi (5 wlis)

Seyvana ar aris rekomendirebuli, radgan SesaZloa, rom asakobrivi

moumwifeblobis gamo moswavlem dakargos swavlisadmi interesi. xolo

moswavlis winasaskolo momzadeba baRSi, ojaxSi an skolis mosamzadebel


88

jgufSi da mSoblis subieqturi Sefaseba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad mzad

iyo moswavle skolaSi Sesvlisas ar aris kavSirSi motivaciasTan.

moswavlis unarebis kavSiri mis motivaciasTan

moswavlis unarebis gamosavlenad gamokiTxul iqna rogorc moswavlis

mSobeli, aseve maswavlebeli. vikvlieT Semdegi unarebi: wera, kiTxva,

ariTmetikuli unarebi, verbaluri unarebi, motoruli unarebi, socialuri

unarebi da TviTmarTvis unarebi.

aRmoCnda, rom mSoblebi ver afaseben moswavlis verbaluri unarebis

ganviTarebas, Sesabamisad ar aqceven yuradRebas maT Camoyalibebas. aseve, ver

afaseben socialuri, TviTmarTvis da motoruli unarebis ganviTarebas.

skolisaTvis momzadeba anu saskolo mzaoba daiyvaneba mxolod wera-kiTxvis

da ariTmetikuli unarebis ganviTarebaze. Tavis mxriv, pedagogic ver

afasebs adekvaturad moswavlis motorul da socialur ganviTarebas.

Tumca, verbaluri unarebis Sefaseba sakmaod adekvaturad SeuZlia, xolo

TviTmarTvis unarebi daiyvaneba moZraobis kontrolis unarze. aRmoCnda, rom

dakvirvebadi unarebi ukavSirdeba moswavlis motivacias. kerZod, es

unarebia: verbaluri unarebi (pirsoni, r = 0.18), TviT-marTvis unarebi

(pirsoni, r = 0.14), kiTxva (pirsoni, r = 0.18), wera (pirsoni, r = 0.2), ariTmetika (pirsoni, r = 0.25);

am monacemebis safuZvelze SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom maswavlebeli ar

muSaobs motoruli, socialuri da sivrciTi unarebis ganviTarebaze,

radganc man ver SesZlo am parametrebiT moswavlis Sefaseba. aseve,

mSobelsac uWirs igive unarebis Sefaseba. amrigad, arc mSoblebi da arc

maswavleblebi ver exmarebian moswavleebs am unarebis ganviTarebaSi.

moswavlis mier saskolo warmatebis gancdis kavSiri moswavlis motivaciasTan

moswavlis saskolo warmateba-warumatebloba vikvlieT imis mixedviT, Tu

ramdenad afiqsirebs mSobeli misi Svilis mier saskolo warmatebis an

warumateblobis gancdas. aRmoCnda, rom es maCvenebli dadebiTad ukavSirdeba

moswavlis motivacias (pirsoni, r = 0,148, p<0,05); kerZod, moswavles,

romlisTvisac sulerTia araa, Tu ra Sedegebs miiRebs skolaSi da ramdenad

warmatebuli iqneba, maRali saskolo motivacia aqvs. rogorc Cans,

warmatebaze orientacia aris saswavlo motivaciaze zegavlenis momxdeni


89

erT-erTi ZiriTadi faqtori. qvemoT warmodgenil diagramaze (# 2) mocemu-

lia, moswavlis saskolo warmateba-warumateblobis gancda.

4,5

18,6

76,9

01020304050607080

ara arcise Zalian

ganicdis Tu ara Tqveni Svili saskolo warmateba- warumateblobas

diagrama #2: moswavlis mier saswavlo warmatebis gancda

kerZod, rogorc diagramidan Cans, moswavleTa umravlesoba (72%) ganicdis

saskolo warmatebebs. rac miuTiTebs imaze, rom moswavleebi swavlebis

pirvel wels did mniSvnelobas aniWeben saskolo warmatebas, rac xels

uwyobs maTi swavlisadmi maRali motivaciis SenarCunebas.

moswavlis swavlis Cvevebis kavSiri moswavlis motivaciasTan

swavlis Cvevebis gasazomad gamoviyeneT ramdenime parametri, kerZod,

moswavlis pirovnuli damokidebuleba sirTuleebis mimarT (davalebisTvis

Tavis arideba, daxmarebis moTxovna, daJinebuli qmedeba da pasuxismgeblobis

sakuTar Tavze aReba); moswavlis mier aTvisebuli swavlis strategia,

romelic exeba sakuTar Secdomebze muSaobas anu sakuTari namuSevris

Sefasebis unaris ganviTarebas da swavlis qcevis kontrols (kontrolis

saWiroeba da kontrolis gaSinagnebis xarisxi);

aRmoCnda, rom moswavlis motivaciasTan dadebiT korelaciaSia moswavlis

mier sakuTari Secdomebis gasworeba (pirsoni, r = 0,203, p<0,05), da

uaryofiT korelaciaSia iseT parametrebi, rogoricaa moswavlis uunaroba

Seasrulos saSinao davaleba mSoblis kontrolis gareSe (Mann,-Whitney U


90

Z= -3,80, p<0.01); da moswavlis mier sakuTari Tavis ganuwyveteli Semowmeba

usafuZvlod, magaliTad saSinao davalebis ramodenimejer gadawera (Mann-Whitney U; Z = - 2.305, p<0.01);

SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom moswavle, romelsac ganviTarebuli aqvs swavlis

swavlis Cvevebi anu SeuZlia sakuTari namuSevris Seafaseba da sakuTar

Secdomebze swavla, mosalodnelia, rom ufro warmatebuli iqneba. es ki

Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs moswavlis saskolo motivaciis amaRlebas. xolo,

moswavlis mier usafuZvlod sakuTari Tavis Semowmeba ki piriqiT, ufro

aqveiTebs moswavlis motivacias, radganc igi sul SfoTvis mdgomareobaSia,

rom ar dauSvas Secdoma da amaSi Zalzed bevr dros da energias xarjavs,

rac Sedegad gvaZlevs mis mier saswavlo procesisadmi uaryofiT

damokidebulebis ganviTarebas. aseTi moswavle skolas da saswavlo process

aRiqvams, rogorc misi SfoTvis wyaros. zedmet daZabulobas ki warmatebis

nacvlad misTvis warumatebloba moaqvs.

moswavle, romelic ver axerxebs mSoblis kontrolis gareSe davalebis

Sesrulebas, rogorc Cans, aseve uryofiTad aris ganwyobili skolis

mimarT; mas dabali aqvs saskolo motivacia sxvadasxva SesaZlo mizezebis

gamo, rogoricaa skolisadmi naklebi mzaoba, maRali SfoTva da sxva.

amrigad, am monacemebis safuZvelze SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom Tu moswavles

ganviTarebuli aqvs adekvaturi TviTSefasebis unari da ar eSinia Secdomis

daSvebis, maSin mosalodnelia, rom igi gaxdeba ufro warmatebuli.

sasurvelia, rom maswavlebeli daexmaros moswavles imaSi, Tu rogor

ipovos da gamoasworos Secdoma.

moswavlis TanaklaselebTan da maswavlebelTan urTierTobis kavSiri moswavlis motivaciasTan

moswavlis TanaklaselebTan urTierToba vikvlieT Semdegi parametrebis

mixedviT, kerZod, ramdenad Civis da brazobs moswavle Tavis

Tanaklaselebze, ramdenad uadvildeba moswavles TanatolebTan da

maswavlebelTan urTierToba. aseve, gavzomeT is, Tu ramdenad exmareba

skolis maswavlebeli moswavles skolasTan SeguebaSi. TanaklaselebTan

urTierTobis damyareba ar aRmoCnda mniSvnelovani, savaraudod am faqtoris

gavlena asakis momatebasTan erTad gaizrdeba. mniSvnelovani kavSiri

aRmoCnda moswavlis maswavlebelTan urTierTobis xasiaTsa da moswavlis

motivacias Soris (pirsoni, r = 0,153, p<0,05). es miuTiTebs imaze, rom


91

saskolo cxovrebis dasawyisSi moswavle gansakuTrebiT mgrZnobiarea

maswavleblis mimarT, kerZod, mas rac ufro uadvildeba maswavlebelTan

urTierToba anu rac ufro dadebiTi damokidebuleba aqvs mis mimarT, miT

ufro maRali motivacia uyalibdeba zogadad skolis mimarT. amasTan,

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom moswavle-maswavleblis dadebiTi urTierTobis

CamoyalibebaSi gansakuTrebuli wvlili Tavad maswavlebels miuZRvis.

diagrama (#3), gamoxatavs moswavlis urTierTobebs maswavlebelTan.

4,918,2

76,9

01020304050607080

uWirs

urTierToba

saSualod Zalian

ramdenad uadvildeba Tqvens Svils maswavleblebTan urTierToba

diagrama #3: moswavlis urTierToba maswavlebelTan

sxva faqtorebis kavSiri moswavlis motivaciasTan

gamovlinda, rom sandoa mxolod wignierebisadmi ojaxis zogadi

damokidebulebis kavSiri moswavlis motivaciasTan (pirsoni, r =0,133,

p<0,05); kerZod, rac ufro maRalia ojaxis zogadi wignierebis maCvnebeli,

miT ufro maRalia moswavlis saskolo motivacia.

moswavlis saswavlo datvirTva gavzomeT moswavlis mier saSinao

davalebaze daxarjuli droiT da moswavlis mier saswavlo datvirTvis

daZabulobis gareSe gamklavebiT. motivacia dadebiT kavSirSi aRmoCnda am

ukanasknelTan (pirsoni, r = 0,186, p<0,05). SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom

moswavle Tu daZabulobis gareSe audis saswavlo datvirTvas, maSin misi

saskolo motivacia iqneba maRali.

moswavlis janmrTeloba gazomili iqna pedagogis mier aRniSnuli moswavlis

gacdenebiT. aRmoCnda, rom am gziT gazomili moswavlis janmrTeloba anu


92

gakveTilebze daswrebis sixSire ukavSirdeba moswavlis motivacias

(pirsoni, r = 0,147, p<0,05); kerZod, rac ufro xSirad acdens moswavle

gakveTilebs, miT ufro dabalia misi motivacia da piriqiT, rac ufro

xSirad eswreba moswavle gakveTilebs miT ufro maRalia misi saskolo

motivacia. rogorc Cans, gakveTilebis xSiri gacdena arRvevs moswavlis

saskolo reJims, rac Sedegad gvaZlevs imas, rom moswavles ufro

uZneldeba saskolo procesSi aqtiuri da bunebrivi CarTva.

moswavlis sawyisi motivaciis da moswavlis amJamindeli motivaciis kavSiri

moswavlis skolaSi Sesvlamde arsebuli motivacia anu misi sawyisi

motivacia vikvlieT SekiTxviT, Tu ramdenad surda moswavles swavla

skolaSi Sesvlisas. aRmoCnda, rom moswavleebs, romelTac surdaT swavla

skolaSi Sesvlisas garkveulad SeumcirdaT motivacia, anu saxeze gvaqvs

moswavleTa sawyisi motivaciis kleba (Wilcoxon, z = -13.245, r<0).

moswavlis saswavlo Sedegebi da kavSiri motivaciasTan

moswavleTa saswavlo Sedegad qarTul enaSi miviCnieT moswavleTa kiTxvis

teqnika da fonematuri sinTezi. kiTxvis teqnika gavzomeT ramdenime

parametriT:

1. kiTxvis stili

mTliani sityviT

marcval- marcval

aso- aso

2. Secdomebis saxeebi

asos gamotoveba

asos Secvla

sityvis gamotoveba

striqonis gamotoveba

sityvis SecdomiT wakiTxva

3. pauzebis mizezebi

punqtuaciis mixedviT

sityvis SesaerTeblad

sityvis mosaZebnad

4. gagrZeleba

damoukideblad sworad

sxvisi daxmarebiT

SecdomiT


93

5. kiTxvis xangrZlivoba

fonematuri sinTezi: maswavleblis mier aso- aso naTqvami sityvis

SeerTeba. (sityvebi iyo 3 asoiani, 4 asoiani, 5 asoiani da 6 asoiani)

010203040506070

0 9 12 21 24 27 36 39 42 54

sinTezi

diagrama #4: moswavlis Sedegebi fonematuri sinTezis mixedviT

kvlevis Sedegad Semdegi suraTi miviReT (ixileT diagrama #4): fonematur

sinTezSi Semowmebuli 341 moswavlidan 70% -s umaRlesi qula aqvs

miRebuli (54), rac imas niSnavs, rom maT sworad aRadgines 3, 4, 5 da 6

asoiani sityvebi. 6%-ma vercerTi sityva ver aRadgina sworad. aseTi

ganawileba uaxlovdeba normalurs da miuTiTebs, rom meore trimestris

bolos sinTezis unaris ganviTarebaSi moswavleebs problemebi ara aqvT.

amasTan, fonematuri sinTezi dakavSirebuli aRmoCnda motivaciasTan

(pirsoni, r = 0,186, p<0,05); rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom rac ufro kargad

aqvs ganviTarebuli sinTezis unari moswavles, miT ufro maRalia misi

saswavlo motivacia.


94

Secdomebi

52,0042,00

34,0029,00

24,0022,00

20,0018,00

16,0014,00

12,0010,00

8,006,00

4,002,00

,00

procenti

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

diagrama #5: teqstis kiTxvisas daSvebuli Secdomebi

teqstis kiTxvisas Secdomebis indeqsis minimaluri qulaa _ 0, maqsimaluri

_ 58 . saSualod moswavlis Secdomis indeqsi aris – 6,75. moswavleTa 15%

ar uSvebs arcerT Secdomas, 8% -s ki Secdomis indeqsi aqvs 20_ze meti.

diagramaze #5 Cans Secdomis indeqsis ganawileba.

moswavlis Secdomis indeqsi uaryofiTad ukavSirdeba motivacias, (pirsoni,

r = -0,288, p<0); rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom rac ufro maRalia Secdomis

indeqsi, miT ufro dabalia motivacia, anu rac met da mZime Secdomas

uSvebs moswavle, miT ufro naklebi mondomebiT swavlobs. rogorc

vnaxeT, saswavlo Sedegebidan motivaciasTan dakavSirebuli aRmoCnda

Secdomebis indeqsi da fonematuri sinTezi.

kiTxvis stili teqstis kiTxvisas moswavleebma gamoamJRavnes Semdegi stili:

0 _ saerTod ver kiTxulobs_1.5 %

1 _ kiTxulobs aso-aso _ 24,4 %

2 _ kiTxulobs aso-aso da aerTebs marcvlebad _ 1,9 %

3 _ kiTxulobs marcvlebad _ 20,4 %

4 _ kiTxulobs aso-aso da aerTebs mTlian sityvad _ 20,0 %

5 _ kiTxulobs marcvlebad da aerTebs mTlian sityvad _8,1%

6 _ kiTxulobs pirdapir mTliani sityviT _ 23,7 %


95

ix. diagrama #6 kiTxvis stili:

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

stili

diagrama #6: moswavlis kiTxvis stili

is rom moswavleTa 23,7 % ukve II trimestris bolos kiTxulobs pirdapir

mTliani sityviT sakmaod maRali maCvenebelia, Semdgomi analizi saSualebas

mogvcems, gavarkvioT riTia es ganpirobebuli.

aseve sainteresoa riTia gamowveuli moswavleTa pauzebi.

1. kiTxulobs pauzis gareSe, cnobs mxolod asoebs _9,6%

2. xSiri pauzebi sityvis mosaZebnadac da SesaerTebladac _ 4,6%

3. pauza sityvis mosaZebnad _5,4 %

4. pauza sityvis SesaerTeblad _ 49,0 %

5. pauza punqtuaciazec da sityvis SesaerTebladac _ 3,8 %

6. pauza ar aris kiTxulobs mTlian sityvebs – 7,7 %

7. pauza mxolod punqtuaciaze _ 20.1 %

ix. diagrama: #7: moswavleTa mier gakeTebuli pauzebi


96

0

10

20

30

40

50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

pauzebi

diagrama #7: kiTxvis dros moswavlis mier gakeTebuli pauzebi

es diagrama gviCvenebs, rom moswavles aqvs tendencia gamTlianebisaken da

azrdebisaken. CanawerebSi xSirad vawydebiT SemTxvevebs, rodesac moswavle

aso- aso waikiTxavs da Semdeg 3-jer, 4-jer cdis rom es bgerebi SeaerTos

da sityvad aqcios, romelsac azri eqneba. Tu ver axerxebs, maSin an

mniSvnelobiT msgavs sxva sityvas ambobs, magaliTad crus nacvlad tyuili,

an im bgerebidan raimes akowiwebs, magaliTad, bibilos nacvlad bolo.

moswavle aso-aso kiTxulobs b-i-b-i-l-o, Cerdeba, rom SeaerTos, iwyebs

Tavidan da ase meordeba samjer, bolos Wris amocanas "bolo" da SvebiT

amoisunTqavs.

aq Tavs iCens erTi SeuTavsebloba, moswavleebi Tavisuflad aerTeben

sityvebad sxvis warmoTqmul bgerebs, magram uWirT skuTari TvaliT

danaxulis da warmoTqmulis SeerTeba. ratom xdeba ase?

saWiroa, neirofsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT mizezebis garkveva da

Sesabamisad problemebis Tavidan acileba.

rogorc cnobilia, wera-kiTxvis procesSi monawileobs oTxi analizatori:

metyvelebiT-motoruli anu saartikulacio, romelic uzrunvelyofs

gamoTqmas;

metyvelebiT_smeniTi, romelic uzrunvelyofs smenas;


97

mxedvelobiTi, romelic uzrunvelyofs dawerili sityvebisa da

asoebis garCevas;

motoruli, romelic uzrunvelyofs werisaTvis aucilebel

moZraobebis aTvisebas.

imisaTvis rom am oTxma analizatorma erTdoulad da efeqturad

imuSaos, aucilebelia, TiToeuli maTganis calcalke gavarjiSeba.

arsebuli saxelmZRvaneloebis analizis safuZvelze SegviZlia vTqvaT,

rom fonematuri da saartikulacio savarjiSoebi ufro meti

raodenobiTaa mocemuli, vidre sivrciTi warmodgenebis ganviTarebaze

mimarTuli savrjiSoebi.

kiTxva aris qceva, romelsac garda zemoT CamoTvlili unarebisa

sWirdeba garkveuli strategia, anu operaciebis Tanmimdevroba. rogor

kiTxulobs moswavle, jer asoebs cnobs calcalke da mere aerTebs

mTlianobad, Tu piriqiT, mTlian sityvas cnobs pirdapir. ganwyobis

fsiqologiis TvalsazrisiT, mizanSewonil qcevas safuZvlad udevs

mTlianobiTi meqanizmi, magram rogorc ki adamiani awydeba problemebs,

igi maSinve Slis mTlianobas detalebad da aanalizebs problemur

situacias. anu moswavle kiTxvis dros orive strategiiT moqmedebs,

sanam kiTxva Cvevad ar gadaiqceva da avtomatizmi im xarisxs miaRwevs,

roca adamiani sityvebis garCevaze minimalur Zalisxmevas daxarjavs da

misi energia ukve wakiTxulis gagebisken iqneba mimarTuli.

arsebobs kidev erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqti moswavlis leqsikuri maragi,

romelic xels uwyobs kiTxvis Cvevis Camoyalibebas. moswavles uWirs

im sityvebis cnoba, romelic mas arasodes gaugonia, an arafers eubneba.

miuxedavad kargad ganviTarebuli sinTezis unarisa, mainc marcxs

ganicdis, radgan misTvis mTlianoba da sityvisTvis mniSvnelobis

miniWeba mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan.

[SeniSvna: kiTxvis stili da pauzebi gvaZlevs Tvisebriv informacias

kiTxvis dauflebis Sesaxeb; amave dros, am monacemebis analizi saSualebas

gvaZlevs, rom teqstis wakiTxvis dro, rogorc parametri, aRar miviRoT

mxedvelobaSi, radgan igi ar gvaZlevs Tvisebrivi analizis gakeTebis

saSualebas. moswavle swrafad kiTxulobs da pauzas ar akeTebs or

SemTxvevaSi: I igi mxolod asoebs cnobs da sityvad SeerTebis tendencias

ar amJRavnebs, II moswavle mTliani sityvebiT kiTxulobs. es ori


98

kategoria kiTxvis teqnikis dauflebis TvalsazrisiT erTmaneTisagan

sakmaod daSorebulia, droiTi parametriT ki SesaZloa erT kategoriaSi

moxvdes.]

am daskvnebis safuZvelze, SegviZlia saxelmZRvanelos avtorebs Semdegi

rekomendaciebi mivawodoT:

1. sasurvelia winasaanbano periodSi meti yuradReba daeTmos iseTi

sabaziso unarebis ganviTarebas, rogoricaa sivrciTi

warmodgenebi da natifi motorika. rogorc zeviT vnaxeT,

maswavleblebic da mSoblebic nakleb yuradRebas aqceven am

faqtorebs; roca moswavle wera-kiTxvis Seswavlas iwyebs, misi

moumwifebeli unaris intensiuri amuSaveba xdeba. am dros

moswavle cdilobs Tavad gamoZebnos kompensaciis meqanizmebi,

romelic zogjer araefeqturia da abrkolebs kiTxvis Cvevis

Camoyalibebas.

amdenad, aucilebelia saxelmZRvanelom Tanmimdevrulad imuSavos

am mimarTulebiT, rac Sedegad mogvcems moswavleebis ukeTes

Sedegebs.

2. leqsikuri maragis gamdidrebas daeTmos jerovani yuradReba,

Tanmimdevrulad moxdes nacnobi sityvebis Semotana sakiTxav

masalad (da ara mravaljer gameorebis Sedegad gazepirebuli

teqstis wakiTxva).

regresiuli analizis modeli da misi Sedegebi

regresiuli analizi saSualebas gvaZlevs davadginoT, Tu ra gavlenas

axdens moswavlis saswavlo Sedegze moswavlis saskolo mzaoba, sakolo

urTierTobebi, ojaxuri atmosfero, warmatebis gancda da saswavlo Cvevebi.

kerZod, Sedegis ra procenti aris ganpirobebuli am faqtorebis

zemoqmedebiT da aseve erTi da imave motivaciis pirobebSi, ramdenad

gansxvavdeba sxvadasxva saxelmZRvanelos zemoqmedeba (ix. sqema #1).


99

sqema #1: swavlis Cvevebis da saswavlo datvirTvis zemoqmedeba

moswavlis Sedegebze

regresiuli analizi gviCvenebs, rom:

1. saswavlo Sedegis 8,3 % ganpirobebulia damoukidebeli muSaobis

Cvevisa da motivaciis erToblivi zemoqmedebiT (R2 = 0.083 sig=0); zegavlena dadebiTia ( =0.259 sig=0.01);

2. saswavlo Sedegis 14,6% ganpirobebulia ori faqtoris moti-

vaciasTan erTad moqmedebiT: audis Tu ara moswavle daZabulobis

gareSe saswavlo datvirTvas da amowmebs sakuTar Tavs (R2 = 0.146 sig=0); zegavlena dadebiTia ( =0.183 sig=0.013).

swavlis Cvevebica da saswavlo datvirTvac gansazRvrulia saswavlo

gegmebiT (kurikulumi da metakurikulumi). swored es faqtorebi

gansazRvraven saswavlo Sedegs, xolo danarCeni faqtorebis zegavlena,

romlebic saswavlo atmosferos qmnian, ar aRmoCnda mniSvnelovani.

saxelmZRvaneloebis Sedareba

analizis Semdeg etapze movaxdineT saxelmZRvaneloebis Sedareba.

dispersiulma analizma Semdegi suraTi gviCvena:

saxelmZRvanelo sinTezis saSualo qula Secdomebis saSualo

qula

1 A 48,19 5.81

2 B 43,27 6.69

3 C 44,67 5.23

4 D 39,68 10.23

5 mTeli SerCeva 444,29 6.75

sig 0.03 0.003


100

gansxvavebebi Sedegis saSualo qulebs Soris sandoa, Tumca motivaciis

SemTxvevaSi analogiurma Sedarebam mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba ar aCvena.

regresiuli analizis Sedegebmac igive daadastura _ D saxelmZRvanelo

mcire 2,1 % magram uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens fonematur sinTezze

(R2 = 0.021 sig=0.039) ( = - 0.145 sig=0.039);

A saxelmZRvanelo, ki mcire magram dadebiT zegavlenas axdens 3.8%

fonematuri sinTezis Sedegze (R2 = 0.038 sig=0.006) ( = 0.195 sig=0.006) anuerTida igive motivaciis mqone moswavleebi, A saxelmZRvaneloTi ukeTes

Sedegs aRwevn, vidre D saxelmZRvaneloTi.

daskvna: Catarebulma kvlevam daadastura, rom I klaseli moswavlis

saswavlo motivaciaze zemoqmedebs sxvadasxva faqtorebi: moswavlis

saskolo mzaoba, moswavlis unarebi, moswavlis mier saskolo warmatebis

gancda, swavlis Cvevebi, saskolo urTierTobebi da sxva.

moswavlis saskolo mzaobis blokidan mxolod moswavlis asaki

aRmoCnda kavSirSi moswavlis motivaciasTan. es Sedegi miuTiTebs imaze, rom

skolaSi moswavlis adreul asakSi (5 wlis) Seyvana, ar aris

rekomendirebuli, radgan SesaZloa, rom asakobrivi moumwifeblobis gamo

moswavlem dakargos swavlisadmi interesi. xolo moswavlis winasaskolo

momzadeba baRSi, ojaxSi an skolis mosamzadebel jgufSi da mSoblis

subieqturi Sefaseba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad mzad iyo moswavle skolaSi

Sesvlisas ar aris kavSirSi motivaciasTan.

moswavleebs, romelTac maswavleblebis azriT kargad aqvT

ganviTarebuli verbaluri, TviT-marTvis (moZraobis kontrolis unari),

kiTxvis, weris da ariTmetikis unarebi, gamoirCevian ufro maRali saswavlo

motivaciiT.

maswavlebeli ar muSaobs motoruli, socialuri da sivrciTi unarebis

ganviTarebaze. aseve, mSobelsac uWirs igive unarebis Sefaseba. Sesabamisad,

arc mSobeli da arc maswavlebeli ver exmarebian moswavleebs am unarebis

ganviTarebaSi.

moswavlis saskolo warmateba-warumateblobis gancda dadebiTad

ukavSirdeba mis saswavlo motivacias. kerZod, moswavle, romlisTvisac


101

sulerTi araa, Tu ra Sedegebs miiRebs skolaSi da ramdenad warmatebuli

iqneba, mas maRali saskolo motivacia aqvs.

sainteresoa, rom moswavles, romelsac ganviTarebuli aqvs swavlis

swavlis Cvevebi anu SeuZlia sakuTari namuSevris Sefaseba da sakuTar

Secdomebze swavla, ufro maRali saswavlo motivacia aqvs.

mniSvnelovani kavSiri aRmoCnda moswavlis maswavlebelTan urTierTo-

bis xasiaTsa da moswavlis motivacias Soris. es miuTiTebs imaze, rom mos-

wavle gansakuTrebiT mgrZnobiarea maswavleblis mimarT, kerZod, mas rac

ufro uadvildeba maswavlebelTan urTierToba anu rac ufro dadebiTi

damokidebuleba aqvs mis mimarT, miT ufro maRali motivacia uyalibdeba

zogadad skolis mimarT. aRsaniSnavia, rom moswavle-maswavleblis dadebiTi

urTierTobis CamoyalibebaSi gansakuTrebuli wvlili Tavad maswavlebels

miuZRvis.

gamovlinda, rom wignierebisadmi ojaxis zogadi damokidebulebis kav-

Siri moswavlis motivaciasTan; kerZod, rac ufro maRalia ojaxis zogadi

wignierebis maCvnebeli, miT ufro maRalia moswavlis saskolo motivacia.

motivacia dadebiT kavSirSi aRmoCnda moswavlis saswavlo

datvirTvasTan (igulisxmeba davalebebze daxarjuli dro da naklebi

daZabuloba davalebebis Sesrulebisas). aseve, moswavlis gakveTilebis

gacdenis sixSire ukavSirdeba moswavlis motivacias; kerZod, rac ufro

xSirad acdens moswavle gakveTilebs, miT ufro dabalia misi motivacia da

piriqiT, rac ufro xSirad eswreba moswavle gakveTilebs miT ufro

maRalia misi saskolo motivacia. dadasturda, rom moswavlis swavlis

Cvevebi da saswavlo datvirTva moswavlis motivaciis gavliT zemoqmedebs

moswavlis saswavlo Sedegebze (kiTxvis teqnika da fonematuri sinTezi).

Aamrigad, moswavlis saswavlo Sedegze gavlenas axdens saswavlo

programa. masSi detaluradaa gansazRvruli moswavlis yovelwliuri

saswavlo Sedegebi. sasurvelia, metekurikulums anu swavlis swavlas -

saswavlo qcevis gacnobierebas, dagegmvasa da Cvevad formirebas meti

yuradReba daeTmos, radgan pirvelklaselebTanac ki, romelTac swavla

mxolod 4 Tvis dawyebuli aqvT, saswavlo qcevis damoukideblad warmarTva

da sakuTari Secdomebis aRmoCena axdens mniSvnelovan zegavlenas. saswavlo

Sedegze gavlenis gasazrdelad sasurvelia agreTve saxelmZRvaneloebSi

gaizardos wina saanbano periodis wili da es periodi daeTmos wera-

kiTxvis sabaziso unarebis ganviTarebas.

motivacia ufrosklaselebSi

102

4.6. kvlevis dasaxeleba: motivacia ufrosklaselebSi

kvlevis mizani: dagvedgina is faqtorebi, rac xels uwyobs moswavlis

motivaciis amaRlebas.

sakvlevi faqtorebi: ufrosklaselebis motivaciis gansmsazRvreli

faqtorebi

Catarebis dro: 2006 wlis ianvari

kvlevis meTodi: gamoyenebuli iyo jgufuri intervius meTodi e.w. fokus

jgufi. fokus jgufis wamyvanebma gaiares specialuri momzadeba, rac

garkveulad zrdis imis varauds, rom interviuebi Catarda erTnair

garemocvaSi.

kvlevis obieqti: kvleva Catarda saqarTvelos 14 sxvadasxva skolaSi:

qveSeTis skola, ninowmindis skola, Cxorowyus skola, waRveris skola,

ontofos skola, qvemo xodaSenis skola, goris 4 saSualo skola,

Tbilisis 187 saSualo skola, baTumis # 4 saSualo skola, zvares

saSualo skola, zestafonis # 3 skola, duSeTis #2 skola, quTaisis

#32 skola da axalcixis #1 saSualo skola.

TiToeul fokus-jgufSi monawileobda araumetes 10 mozardisa, romlebic

iyvnen meaTe klasis mowafeebi da SemTxveviTi SerCevis safuZvelze miiRes

monawileoba jgufur interviuSi. sul daaxloebiT monawileoba miiRo 1140

ma moswavlem.

kvlevis Sedegebi: monacemebis damuSaveba: monacemebi gadmoweril iqna diqtofonidan

sityvasityviT. Tvisebrivi monacemebis damuSaveba moaxdina orma eqspertma

erTmaneTisagan damokideblad, xolo Semdeg moxda maT mier damuSavebuli

monacemebis erTmaneTTan Sejereba. am proceduram minimumamde daiyvana

monacemebis subeqturad Sefasebis xarisxi. gadmowerili Sinaarsi damuSavda

kontent analizis meTodiT.

qvemoT mocemulia miRebuli monacemebi. moswavlis interesebis Sesaxeb:


103

cxrili #1:

moswavlis interesebi

mocemuli

kategoriis

dasaxelebis

sixSire

SemecnebiTi interesebi (romelime mecnierebis

daufleba)

56

sporti 53

xelovneba 49

profesiuli miRwevebi 16

socialuri kavSirebi 11

koleqcioneroba 7

gamocdebze orientacia 6

mogzauroba 4

qseluri TamaSebi 2

patriotuli motivebi 1

qvelmoqmedeba 1

xelsaqme 1

diagrama: #1: moswavleTa interesebi (ZiriTadi kategoriebi)

rogorc cxrilidan (#1) da diagramidan (#1) irkveva, moswavleTa

umravlesobas (56) aqvs SemecnebiTi interesebi, maT undaT, rom Seiswavlon

sxvadasxva mecnierebebi da gaiRrmavon TavianTi codna. aseve, moswavleebs

ainteresebT sporti (52) da xelovneba (49). sainteresoa, rom moswavleebis

mier mxolod 16 jer iyo dasaxelebuli profesiuli miRwevebis survili.


104

rac garkveulad miuTiTebs, imaze, rom am asakSi moswavleebs mkafiod ar

aqvT Camoyalibebuli TavianTi interesebi da naklebad arian warmatebaze

orientirebulebi. aseve, iSviaTad dasaxelda iseTi kategoriebi, rogoricaa

ukeTesi socialuri kavSirebis damyarebis survili (11), koleqcioneroba

(7), gamocdebze orientacia (6), mogzauroba (2), qseluri TamaSebi (2),

patriotuli motivebi (1), qvelmoqmedeba (1) da xelsaqme (1).

2. skolis mier moswavleTa interesebis gaTvliswineba:

cxrili #2: skolis mier moswavleTa

interesebis gaTvaliswineba

mocemuli kategoriis

dasaxelebis sixSire

iTvaliswinebs 29

ar iTvaliswinebs 42

nawilobriv iTvaliswinebs 28

diagrama #2: skolis mier moswavlis interesebis gaTvaliswineba

rogorc cxrilidan (#2) da diagramidan (#2) Cans, moswavleTa umravle-

sobis azriT (42), skolebi ar iTvaliswineben moswavleTa interesebs an

nawilobriv iTvaliswineben moswavleTa interesebs (28). Tu am pasuxs Seva-

darebT zemoT moyvanil monacemebs, sadac moswavleTa yvelaze wamyvani

interesia Semecneba, (56), da amasTan, Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom


105

skola aris is ZiriTadi saganmanaTleblo instituti, sadac unda kmayofil-

debodes moswavlis SemecnebiTi interesebi, arasasurvel suraTs miviRebT.

skola ver akmayofilebs moswavleTa SemecnebiT interesebs; savaraudoa, rom

moswavleebi ganicdidnen imedgacruebas skolis mier SeTavazebul

aqtivobebTan dakavSirebiT. es ki miuTiTebs skolebis araefeqturobaze.

3. moswavlis mier sagnis siyvarulis ganmapirobebeli faqtorebi:

cxrili #3

sagnis siyvarulis mizezebi

mocemuli kategoriis

dasaxelebis sixSire

maswavleblis gavlena 40

sagani sainteresoa 30

iZleva damoukideblad muSaobis saSualebas /

advilia

28

ojaxis zegavlena 25

codnis saWiroeba 23

informaciuloba 19

Tanatolebis gavlena 15

ar icis mizezi 12

saxelmZRvanelo moswons 5

ar moiTxovs dazepirebas 4

patriotuli motivebiTaa agebuli 3


106

diagrama #3: saswavlo sagnis siyvarulis mizezebi

gamoikveTa, rom ZiriTadad sagnis siyvaruls maswavleblisadmi siyvaruli

iwvevs (40). anu moswavleebs, romelTac moswonT maswavlebeli, moswonT is

saganic, romelsac igi aswavlis. Semdeg gamoikveTa iseTi, faqtorebi,

rogoricaa sagniT daintereseba (30), sagnis siadvile (28), ojaxis

zegavlena (25), codnis saWiroeba mocemul saganSi (23), sagnis

informaciuli xasiaTi (19), Tanatolebis zegavlena (15). saintersoa, rom

moswavleebis mier Zalzed iSviaTad iqna dasaxelebuli iseTi faqtorebi,

rogoricaa Tavad saxelmZRvanelos mowoneba, sagani ar moiTxovs

dazepirebas (4) da patriotuli motivebi (3). zog SemTxvevaSi ki

moswavleebi saerTod ver acnobiereben, Tu ratom moswonT mocemuli sagani

(12).


107

4. moswavlis mier sagnis naklebi siyvarulis ganmapirobebeli faqtorebi:

cxrili #4:

sagnis naklebi siyvarulis mizezebi

mocemuli kategoriis

dasaxelebis sixSire

sagnis sirTule 45

sagani ar aris saintereso 30

saxelmZRvanelo aris gaumarTavi (an zedmetad

gamartivebuli an garTulebulia)

30

ar moswons maswavlebeli 28

naklebad informaciulia (saxelmZRvanelo) 14

bevri sazepiroebia 5

ar amaxvilebs yuradRebas zogadi unar-Cvevebis

ganviTarebaze/ ar amzadebs moswavleebs

gamocdebisaTis

4

gakveTilis procesi aris mosawyeni 2

diagrama #4: sagnis naklebi siyvarulis mizezebi

amrigad, rogorc zemoT mocemuli cxrilidan (#4) da diagramidan (#4)

moswavleebis mier sagnisadmi interesis dakargva ZiriTadad gamowveulia,

imiT, rom sagani aris rTuli da moswavleebs ar SeuZliaT misi daZleva

(45), Semdgom mizezebad dasaxelebuli iqna Semdegi faqtorebi: sagnis


108

uintereso Sinaarsi (30), saxelmZRvanelos gaumarTaoba, saxelmZRvanelo an

zedmetad gamartivebuli, an piriqiT zedmetad garTulebulia. (30);

moswavles ar moswons maswavlebeli (28), saxelmZRvanelo da zogadad,

gakveTili naklebad informaciulia (14), bevr dazeprebas moiTxovs (5),

xels ar uwyobs zogadi unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas, rac xels SeuSlis

moswavleebs erovnuli gamocdebis CabarebaSi (4) da Tavad gakveTilis

procesi aris mosawyeni (2).

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom rodesac moswavleebi saubroben sagnis mowonebaze,

maSin isini naklebad amaxvileben yuradRebas saxelmZRvanelos dadebiT

zegavlenaze, xolo rodesac eqmnebaT sirTuleebi; isini acnobiereben, rom

am sirTulis saTave SesaZloa iyos saxelmZRvanelo. sagnis siyvarulis

mizezebze saubrisas moswavleebi xSirad iyeneben formulirebas: "iZleva

damoukideblad muSaobis saSualebas", rac saxelmZRvanelos dadebiT mxareze

miuTiTebs, Tumca mxolod 5-jer aRiniSna, rom moswavleebs moswonT

saxelmZRvanelo. amis sawinaaRmdegod, uaryofiTi daxasiaTebisas, anu sagnis

miuReblobis mizezebis dasaxelebisas, 30-jer aRiniSna, rom saxelmZRvanelo

aris gaumarTavi (an zedmetad gamartivebuli, an zedmetad garTulebuli)

da 14-jer, rom naklebad informaciulia.

5. moswavleebis rCevebi im maswavleblebis mimarT, romlis saganic ar

moswonT.

monacemebi warmodgenilia qvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi:

cxrili #5

moswavleebis rCevebi im maswavleblis

mimarT, romlis saganic ar moswonT

mocemuli kategoriis

dasaxelebis sixSire

swavlebis meTodis Secvla 32

moswavlisaTvis gasagebi eniT axsna 30

bavSvebTan midgomis meTodis Secvla (Tavi

unda Seayvaros)

23

Zaladobis ar gamoyeneba 13

TvalsaCinoebebis gamoyeneba 12

obiqturoba 11

damatebiTi gakveTilebis Catareba 12

maswavlebeli unda iyos momTxovni 6

ar iyos mkacri 3

TamaSis meTodebis gamoyeneba 2

jgufuri muSaobis gamoyeneba 2


109

diagrama #5: moswavleTa rCevebi maswavleblebis mimarT

amrigad, gamoikveTa, rom moswavleebs ar moswonT swavlebis is meTodebi,

romelsac maswavleblebi iyneben, rac iwvevs imas, rom maT ar moswonT

mocemuli sagani. amdenad, swavlebis meTodebis Secvla aris is saSualeba,

romelic moswavleebis motivacias swavlisadmi sagrZnoblad gazrdida (32).

aseve, aSkaraa, rom moswavleebs ar esmiT is formaluri ena, romliTac

maswavlebeli operirebs gakveTilis axsnisas, anu maswavleblis ena rTulad

eCveneba, rac moswavles uqmnis im STabeWdilebas, rom is realoba,

romelzec maswavlebeli saubrobs, sruliad gansxvavdeba im realobisagan,

romelSic TviTon cxovrobs da es iwvevs misi saswavlo motivaciis

daqveiTebas (30). moswavleebi aseve asaxeleben maswavleblis mier


110

bavSvebisadmi midgomis Secvlas, rac Sedegad mogvcems maswavlebeli-

moswavlis urTierTobis gaumjobesebas (23). rogorc erT-erTi moswavle

aRniSnavs, “maswavlebeli unda ecados, rom Tavi Seayvaros moswavles”.

sainteresoa, rom moswavleebi ufro dainteresdebodnen mocemuli sagniT,

Tu maswavlebeli ar gamoiyenebda fizikur Zaladobas maT mimarT (13), aseve,

Tu igi gamoiyenebda TvalsaCinoebebs (12), Caatarebda damatebiT gakveTilebs

(12), iqneboda obieqturi (11), momTxovni (6) da amave dros ar iqneboda

mkacri (3). aseve, moswavleebi maswavlebels urCeven gamoiyenon TamaSi (2)

da jgufuri muSaobis meTodebi (2), rac ufro sainteresos gaxdida

gakveTils.

im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac moswavle swavlis xelisSemSlel faqtorebs

afasebs, ufro ukeT acnobierebs da ufro informatiul pasuxebs iZleva.

kerZod, igi xsnis Tu ras niSnavs maswavleblis zegavlena: swavlebis

meTodi, sametyvelo ena da moswavleebTan damokidebuleba. kvlevis

Catarebis momentisaTvis, treningze axlad naswavli meTodebi rogorc Cans

maswavleblebs jer kidev ar hqondaT aTvisebuli da danergili TavianT

saklaso praqtikaSi. rogorc Cans, maswavleblis araprofesionalzmi, rac

gamoixateba mis Tavdaujerebel qcevaSi, moswavleebze aracnobierad axdens

uaryofiT zegavlenas.

6. moswavleTa damatebiTi komentarebi:

cxrili #6: damatebiTi informacia

dasaxelebuli

kategoriis

sixSire

sasurvelia skolis materialur-teqnikuri

bazis gaumjobeseba

5

sasurvelia sagnebis sxvagvari gadanawileba 4

sasurvelia skolis formis tareba 1

amrigad, sxvadasxva skolaSi Catarebuli gamokiTxvis Sedegad miviReT

bavSvebis mravalferovani pasuxebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra aris maTTvis sagnis

naklebi siyvarulis mizezi. dasaxelda sxvadasxva mizezi, rac


111

ukavSirdeboda Tavad konkretuli sagnis, iqneboda es humanitaruli Tu

sabunebismetyvelo sagani, sirTules da maT SezRudul SesaZleblobas,

gaigon da dainteresdnen konkretuli mecnierebiT. isini aRniSnavdnen, rom

es sagnebi Zalian bundovania da ar ukavSirdeba maTTvis konkretuli

praqtikuli gamocdilebis micemas da unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.

sagnis sirTules bavSvebi aRwerdnen Semdegnairad: "istoriaSi aris didi

gakveTilebi da ar mainteresebs", aseve maTematikis mimarT naklebi

siyvarulis mizezad dasaxelda: "arc unari gamaCnia maTematikis swavlis da

arc survili." garda amisa, aRniSnulia programis siZnele - "Znelia

erTxel CamovrCi da veRar vugeb", zogs ubralod ar moswons maTematikaSi

bevri formulebi. mraval respodents hqonda aRniSnuli, rom ar moswonT

fizika, kerZod, "ar miyvars fizika, radgan fizika moiTxovs fantaziorobas

da me es ar SemiZlia", "ar miyvars reaqciebi, amocanebSi ver verkvevi,

SeiZleba imitom rom praqtikulad ar xdeba cdebis Catareba", "fizikaSi

gaugebari Temebia da gawelili masalebia", "kargi iqneboda, Tu fizikaSi da

istoriaSi ufro meti praqtikuli xasiaTis informacia iqneboda mocemuli

da ufro davinteresdebodiT", aseve istoriis mimarT gamoiTqva "istoria ar

momwons, imitom rom wlebia dasazepirebeli", "saxelmZRvanelo ar momwons,

Zalian uazrod weria. yovelTvis sul gawelili Temebia da ZiriTadi azri

ar Cans gamokveTilad."

uamravi sayveduri gamoiTqva Tavad maswavleblebis mimarT, rom mxolod

maswavleblebi arian mizezi imis, rom ar uyvarT esa Tu is sagani –

"maswavlebeli ar aris iseTi, rom sagani Semayvaros da magitom ar miyvars",

"maswavlebeli Tavs maZulebs da sagani ar miyvars", "maswavlebeli ar xsnis

gasageb enaze da ver vgebulob sagans", "maswavlebels CvenTan cudi

damokidebuleba aqvs da magitom ar momwons", "maswavlebeli gaurkvevlad

xsnis", "maswavlebelis xelSewyoba ar aris", "maswavlebeli Segvicvales da

saganic aRar momwons", "ar mifasdeboda swavla da magitom",

"maswavleblebma ver aRZres CemSi sagnis siyvaruli." respodenti aRniSnavda,

rom "surs swavlis axali meTodi Semovides, rom swavla ufro saxaliso

iyos".

respodentebs vTxoveT miecaT rCevebi im maswavleblebisTvis, romlis

saganic naklebad uyvarT; yvelaze metad maT surT, rom maswavleblebi

iyvnen megobrulebi da xalisianebi da cdilobdnen mocemuli sagnis


112

interesi gauCinon moswavles Tanamedrove swavlebis meTodikis gamoyenebiT.

aseve iyo xazgasma imaze, rom maswavlebelma pativi scen moswavlis

pirovnebas da maT pativiscemiT moekidon. isini aRniSnavdnen, "albaT, im

rCevas mivcemdi maswavlebels, bavSvebTan iyos Tbil damokidebulebaSi, ar

ekamaTos, ar eCxubos da kargad axsnas." "maswavleblebma Tavi unda

Seayvaron bavSvebs." "me fizikis maswavlebels mivcemdi im rCevas, rom vinc

am wigns wers, ufro lakonuri teqsti iyos, kargad damuSavebuli da rac

SeiZleba martivi, rom bavSvma kargad gaigos da maswavlebelma kargad

axsnas. Tu cudad weria TviTon gaamartivos, amdenad ganaTlebuli unda

iyos..."; "sxva kuTxiT daanaxos fizika, Torem Zaan gaugebaria"; "ise axsnas,

rom bavSvi daainteresos"; "ufro mkacri iyos, mkacrad axsnas"; "bevrjer

axsnas"; "erTi Tema ramdenime nawilad dayos"; "nu iyvirebs gakveTilze";

"gakveTils ar gadauxvios, sxva Temaze ar ilaparakos"; "masaliT

gaamdidron, radgan ufro saintereso iyos" "dagvimatos masala, Zveli

qveynebi geografiaSi da a.S. gvaswavlos"; "megobrulad daudgnen bavSvebs";

"normalurad gamoikiTxos da moiTxovos imis swavleba rasac mogvcems";

"gadmosces bavSvebisTvis gasageb enaze" "ar iyos ironiuli"; "bavSvebi ar

ganasxvavos"; "orosnebs ar gauwion ignorireba, maT ufro sWirdebaT

yuradReba"; "ar miayenos Seuracxyofa moswavles arc sityvieri, arc

fizikuri”. “ufrTxildnen rom moswavlemac ar Seubrunos xeli"; "ar unda

eRadaos bavSvs. ar unda aSinebdes bavSvebs."; "valdebulebis mizniT ar unda

xsnidnen gakveTils"; "iyos praqtikuli muSaoba"; "damatebiTi gakveTili

Cagvitaros"; "ufro gaamravalferovnos gakveTili"; "qimiaSi Catarebuli

iyos cdebi, romelic mocemul masalas daadasturebs"; "gaxsnan maTematikis

da fizikis wre"; "gakveTilebs Soris patara intervalebiT liriuli

gadaxveva cota saxalisos gaxdida".

daskvna: Catarebuli Tvisebrivi kvleva gvaZlevs imis saSualebas, rom

vimsjeloT im mizezebze, rac aqveiTebs moswavleebis swavlisadmi

motivacias. aRmoCnda, rom jerjerobiT skola ver akmayofilebs

moswavleebis interesebs, romelic sakmaod mravalferovania da moicavs

sxvadasxva SemecnebiT, sportul Tu xelovnebis sferoebs. sainteresoa, rom

moswavlis skolisadmi motivaciis amaRlebisaTvis mniSvnelovani

xelSemwyobi faqtoria Tavad sagnis maswavlebelis mimarT dadebiTi

damokidebuleba, Tumca rogorc Cans, roca sagani rTulia, moswavleebis

interesi sagnisadmi sustdeba. TviTSefasebac ukve ganmtkicebuli aqvT:


113

“me ar SemiZlia...” moswavleebis mier dasaxelebuli SesaZlo Carevebi,

riTac SesaZlebeli iqneba swavlisadmi interesis aRdgena aris swavlebis

meTodebis Secvla, rac TavisTavad moicavs axali masalis gasagebi eniT

axsnas, TvalsaCinoebis gamoyenebas, moswavleebisadmi individualur

midgomas, jgufuri da sxva Tanamedrove meTodebis gamoyenebas. amasTan,

maswavleblebis mier gamoyenebuli fizikuri Zaladoba, rogorc moswavleTa

disciplinirebis erT-erTi meTodisa, moswavleebis mxridan uaryofiTad

aRiqmeba da iwvevs moswavleTa motivaciis daqveiTebas. aseve, sagulisxmoa,

rom moswavleebs surT momTxovni maswavleblis yola, magram akritikeben

zedmet simkacres da Zaladobis gamoyenebas. swored amitom surT

moswavleebs, rom maswavleblebma Secvalon maTTan midgomis meTodebi da

izrunon dadebiTi urTierTobis ganviTarebaze, romelic iqneba ufro

obieqturi da samarTliani. saxelmZRvaneloebTan dakavSirebiT ki gamoikveTa,

rom zogierT SemTxvevaSi igi gaumarTavad aRiqmeba moswavleebis mxridan,

igi an zedmetad garTulebulia an gamartivebulia, ar iZleva sakmaris

informacias, ar aris mravalferovani, ar aviTarebs zogad unar-Cvevebs. es

ki iwvevs moswavleebis interesis daqveiTebas.

zogadad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mocemulma Tvisebrivma kvlevam gamoavlina is

ZiriTadi mizezebi, rac xels uSlis moswavlis swavlis procesSi aqtiur

CarTvas. ucilebelia am mizezebis gaTvaliswineba da saswavlo procesis

efeqturi dagegmva.

mocemuli kvleva asaxavs meaTeklaseli moswavleebis mosazrebebs da

Sexedulebebs, romlebmac ukve 10 weli iswavles tradiciul skolebSi da

maTTvis adaptacia swavlebis axal stilTan, rogorc Cans, arc ise

martivia. maT ukve Camoyalibebuli aqvT damokidebuleba sagnis mimarT,

rTulia _ martivia da sakuTari Tavis mimarTac SemiZlia _ ar SemiZlia,

xolo Camoyalibebuli damokidebulebis Secvla gacilebiT ufro met

Zalisxmevas moiTxovs.

maswavleblis dRiuri

114

4.7. kvlevis dasaxeleba: maswavleblis dRiuri

kvlevis mizani: saxelmZRvaneloebis Tvisebrivi Sefaseba

sakvlevi faqtorebi:

maswavleblis kvalifikacia Tavis saganSi;

maswavleblis kvalifikacia swavlebis zogadi meTodikis codnaSi;

saxelmZRvanelos teqstebis sirTulis Sefaseba (eqspertis mier);

savarjiSoebis Tanmimdevroba - pedagogiuri gamarTuloba: Tanabrad

aris Tu ara garTulebuli, ar aris ucabedi naxtomebi, xdeba unar-

Cvevebis Tanamimdevruli ganviTareba (eqspertis mier);

moswavleTa akademiuri warmatebis Sefaseba;

maswavleblis TviT-angariSi da reformis gacnobierebuloba.

Catarebis dro: 2006 wlis marti

kvlevis meTodi: kontent analizi

kvlevis obieqti: saxelmZRvaneloebi (22); maswavleblebi (82)

kvlevis Sedegebi: Tvisebrivad damuSavda biologiis 2, fizikis 3,

istoriis 1, maTematikis 5, musikis 2, qarTulis 4, qimiis 2 da xelovnebis

3 saxelmZRvanelo, sul 22 saxelmZRvanelo. saxelmZRvaneloebis Tvisebriv

SefasebaSi sagnis maswavleblebTan erTad monawileobdnen sagnis eqspertebic

(22 eqsperti), romelTac ZiriTadad evalebodaT: saxelmZRvaneloebis

teqstebis sirTulis Sefaseba da savarjiSoebis Tanmimdevrobis Sefaseba.

aseve, maswavleblebis dRiurebis Sefasebebi iZleva informacias imis

Sesaxeb, Tu ra kvalifikacia aqvs maswavlebels Tavis saganSi da ramdenad

icnobs igi swavlebis zogad meTodikas, aseve rogor axdens moswavleTa

maswavleblis dRiuri

115

akademiuri warmatebis Sefasebas, da zogadad, ramdenad acnobierebs igi

skolis reformas da ramdenad aqtiuradaa masSi CarTuli.

daskvna: SesaZlebeli gaxda imis Sefaseba, realurad rogor muSaobs

saxelmZRvanelo saklaso garemoSi. Tvisebrivi monacemebis analizma gviCvena,

rom maswavleblebi da moswavleebi garkveul sirTuleebs awydebian blumis

taqsonomiis zeda sami donis (analizi, sinTezi, Sefaseba) davalebebis

Sesrulebis dros. am mdgomareobas Tavisi mizezebi gaaCnia:

maswavleblebi miCveulebi arian codna, gageba da gamoyenebis doneze

muSaobas, radganac tradiciuli meTodebiT swavleba mxolod am

doneebze muSaobiT Semoifargleboda.

maswavleblebs naklebi gamocdileba aqvT azrovnebis zeda doneebis

aqtivaciasa da azrovnebis procesis warmarTvaSi.

moswavlis winaSe dasmuli rTuli SekiTxva, TavisTavad ar ganapirobebs,

mis CarTvas azrovnebis procesSi. faqtiurad, Tu moswavlis unarebi ar

aris saTanadod momwifebuli am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad, maSin igi

mxolod dabali donis operaciebiT Semoifargleba.

vnaxoT, Tu ra suraTia gavrcelebuli amJamad saskolo praqtikaSi da ramdenad

xdeba analizis, sinTezis da Sefasebis doneebze azrovnebis aqtivacia.

analizis done: im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac maswavlebeli moswavleebs avalebs

ori obieqtis Sedarebas (anu moswavles moeTxoveba analizi), moswavleebma

SesaZloa dawvrilebiT aRweron orive obieqti, Tumca ver moaxerxon maTi

Sedareba raime kriteriumze, sqemaze dayrdnobiT. magaliTad, sazogadoebrivi

mecnierebebis swavlisas moswavleebma, romelTac evalebaT ori sakanonmdeblo

aqtis Sedareba, SesaZloa CamoTvalon Tu ra muxlebi Sedis TiToeul

dokumentSi. yvelaze warmatebulebma SesaZloa kidevac aRniSnon, rom erTi

dokumenti ufro lakonuri da moklea, xolo meore dokumenti ki vrceli. Tumca,

ver moaxerxon sqemis mixedviT Sedareba, safuZvelis gamoyofa da msgavseba-

gansxvavebis amis mixedviT dafiqsireba.

maswavleblis dRiuri

116

sinTezis done: sinTezis dones xSirad Caenacvleba gamoyeneba. im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu moswavles micemuli aqvs mokle instruqcia: dawere Txzuleba an

Caatare eqsperimenti. amgvari instruqcia TavisTavad ar iwvevs moswavlis

SemoqmedebiTi potencialis aqtivacias. igi cdilobs nimuSis moZebnas da imis

mixedviT davalebis Sesrulebas. aseve, rodesac instruqcia aris vrceli da

detaluri da moswavles evaleba raime produqtis Seqmna, maswavlebels

SesaZloa Seeqmnas iluzia, rom moswavlis azrovneba ukve sinTezis doneze gadis.

magram sinamdvileSi es iyos gamoyeneba, radgan moswavlis TiToeuli nabijic da

maTi Tanmimdevrobac mkacradaa gansazRvruli. moswavles arCevani arsad ara aqvs

datovebuli, rac zRudavs mis fantazias.

Sefasebis done: Sefasebis done xSirad Semoifargleba mxolod

emociuri damokidebulebis gamoxatviT, ar xdeba kriteriumebis gamoyofa an

SemuSaveba, ris mixedviTac unda Seafason moswavleebma garkveuli obieqti.

aseve, ar xdeba am kriteriumebis mniSvnelovanebaze da Rirebulebaze

msjeloba da arc obieqtis kriteriumTan Sesabamisobis dadgena analizis

meSveobiT.

am Sefasebis safuZvelze SemuSavda rekomendaciebi da daigegma da

Catarda treningebi saxelmZRvanelos avtorebisaTvis (2007 wlis ianvari).

es treningebi miznad isaxavs avtorebisaTvis imis swavlebas, Tu ra iTvleba

teqstis da savarjiSos sirTuled da ras niSnavs pedagogiuri

gamarTuloba. aseve, imis swavlebas, Tu saxelmZRvanelom, rogor unda

Seuwyos xeli moswavleTa saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas (codna,

gageba, gamoyeneba, analizi, sinTezi da Sefaseba) da rogor unda aisaxos es

unar-Cvevebi sxvadasxva savarjiSoebSi. aseve, SemuSavda meTodologiuri

saxelmZRvanelo avtorebisaTvis “rogor vaswavloT moswavleebs azrovneba”.

skolebis kulturis kvleva

117

4.8. kvlevis dasaxeleba: skolebis kulturis kvleva

kvlevis mizani: im faqtorebis Seswavla, romlebic zegavlenas axdenen

skolis klimatze da saskolo garemoze. skolis kulturis kvleva

moswavleebTan erTad moicavda skolis direqtorebis kvlevasac.

sakvlevi faqtorebi:

skolasTan dakavSirebuli faqtorebi (moswavlis saswavlo

motivacia, maswavlebli-moswavlis urTierToba, saskolo

RonisZiebebis dagegmva da mowyoba, skolis marTvasTan

dakavSirebuli faqtorebi)

ojaxTan dakavSirebuli faqtorebi (mSoblis monawileoba

moswavlis saskolo cxovrebaSi).

skolis direqtorebis kvleva miznad isaxavda skolis

administrirebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis kvlevas,

rogoricaa direqtoris skolis marTvis stili, direqtoris

Sexedulebebi skolis problemebTan dakavSirebiT, rogoricaa

reformis procesi (axali struqturebis Camoyalibeba,

vauCerizacia da sxva); moswavleTa denadobis problemebi,

rigiTi maswavlebleblis roli skolis marTvis sistemaSi,

mSoblebis da Tavad moswavleTa monawileoba saskolo

procesebSi da skolis marTvaSi da sxva.

aseve, vikvlieT skolis direqtorebis rwmena imis Sesaxeb, Tu

ramdenad warmatebulad miaCnia mas Tavisi skolis

kursdamTavrebulebi da ramdenad bednierad miaCnia mas sakuTari

Tavi amJamad da ra perspeqtivas xedavs igi momavalSi.

garda amisa, direqtorebma Seafases skolebis amJamindeli

mdgomareoba _ ramdenad akmayofilebs skola usafrTxoebisa da

higienis normebs, da saganmanaTleblo. moTxovnebs. moviZieT

informacia direqtorebis zogadi gamocdilebis Sesaxeb

administrirebis dargSi, maTi materialur-ekonomiuri

mdgomareoba da ganaTleba;

Catarebis dro: skolebis kulturis kvleva Catarda 2 panelad: 2006

wlis TbervalSi da aprilSi.

kvlevis meTodi: moswavleebis da direqtorebis gamokiTxva


118

kvlevis obieqti: 1. kvlevaSi monawileoba miiRo 35 skolam, 7 da 10 klasis moswavleebma

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionebidan (baTumis centri, zugdidis centri,

quTaisis centri, axalcixis centri, Tbilisis centri, goris centri,

gurjaanis centri). sul 1179 moswavlem. ixileT cxrili #1:

sqesi raodenoba procenti

biWi 673 57.1%

gogo 497 42.2%

gamotovebuli

pasuxi

9 0.8%

sul 1179 100%

cxrili #1: moswavleTa ganawileba sqesis mixedviT

2. kvlevaSi monawileoba miiRo 35 skolis direqtorma, saqarTvelos

sxvadasxva regionebidan (baTumis centri, zugdidis centri, quTaisis

centri, axalcixis centri, Tbilisis centri, goris centri, gurjaanis

centri). ixileT cxrili #2:

sqesi raodenoba procenti

mdedrobiTi 28 80%

mamrobiTi 7 20%

sul 35 100%

cxrili #2: skolis direqtorebis ganawileba sqesis mixedviT;

kvlevis Sedegebi:

monacemTa dasamuSaveblad gamoyenebul iqna aRweriTi da axsniTi

statistikis Semdegi meTodebi:

korelaciuri analizi

dispersiuli analizi

aranormatiuli kriteriumebi

qvemoT calcalke iqneba ganxiluli moswavleebis da direqtorebis

gamokiTxvis Sedegebis analizi.


119

1. moswavleebis kvleva

saskolo garemo da bednierebis gancda

saskolo garemo vikvlieT imis mixedviT, Tu rogor axasiaTeben moswavleebi

TavianT klass, rogorc Sekruls da megobruls, rogorc calkeul

qvejgufebad dayofils, Tu rogorc daSlils, sadac TiToeuli moswavle

Tavisi cxovrebiT cxovrobs.

sainteresoa, rom Cveni kvlevis monacemebi adasturebs im mosazrebas, rom

dadebiTi saklaso garemo xels uwyobs moswavlis mier sakuTari Tavis

bednierad Sefasebas. kerZod, aRmoCnda dadebiTi korelacia dadebiT saklaso

garemosa da moswavlis mier bednierebis amJamindel gacdas Soris (pirsonis

korelacia, r=.203, P<.000) da mis mier sakuTari momavlis naTlad

warmodgenas Soris (pirsonis korelacia, r=.135, P<.000); SeiZleba

vivaraudoT, rom moswavleebi, romlebic swavloben uaryofiT saskolo

garemoSi imyofebian mudmivi stresis pirobebSi, rac uaryofiTad aisaxeba

maT saswavlo Sedegebze da rac zogadad aferxebs harmoniuli pirovnebis

ganviTarebas.

moswavleebi, romelTac miaCniaT, rom maTi klasi aris megobruli da

Sekruli, aseve fiqroben, rom maT gaumarTldaT, rom swavloben aRniSnul

skolaSi da klasSi (Mann-Whitney, Z=6.046, P<000);

skolasTan dakavSirebuli faqtorebi da saskolo garemo:

a) moswavlis saswavlo motivacia

moswavlis saswavlo motivaciaSi ganvixileT moswavlis swavlisadmi

interesis intensivoba. kerZod, maT vekiTxebodiT, Tu skolaSi gakveTilebze

Tavisufali daswrebis pirobebSi ra qcevas ganaxorcielebdnen, kvlav

swavlas airCevdnen, saxlSi imecadinebdnen, gaerTobodnen Tu imuSavednen.

aRmoCnda, rom es faqtori dadebiTad ukavSirdeba saskolo garemos. kerZod,

aRmoCnda, rom moswavleebs, romlebic swavloben megobrul da Sekrul

klasSi, ufro metad ainteresebT skolaSi siaruli, maSinac ki roca es ar

aris aucilebeli (Mann-Whitney, Z=-4.370, P<000); da piriqiT, rodesac


120

moswavleebi swavloben dacalkevebul da ara megobrul klasSi, maTi

skolaSi siarulis da swavlis survili klebulobs.

aseve, sainteresoa, rom moswavleebi, romlebic swavloben Sekrul da

megobrul klasSi, ufro naklebad acdenen skolas (pirsonis korelacia,

r=.224, P<.000); aseve SesaZlebelia, vifiqroT, rom moswavleebi, romlebic

iSviaTad acdenen, ufro metad umegobrdebian Tanaklaselebs, radganac

xSirad uxdebaT maTTan Sexvedra da ufro mets gebuloben erTmaneTis

Sesaxeb.

b) maswavlebli – moswavlis urTierToba:

aRmoCnda, rom maswavleblis moswavlisadmi damokidebuleba, misi

urTierTobis stili, klasis marTvis stili, (urTierTgageba, simkacre)

zegavlenas axdens skolis garemos gansazRvraze.

kerZod, maswavlebelis saqcieli, rodesac igi ignorirebas ukeTebs

moswavleebs (Mann-Whitney, Z=-4,533; P<000), xSirad iyenebs usafuZvlo

SeniSvnas (Mann-Whitney, Z=-2.378, P<0.17) da iSviaTad aqebs moswavleebs,

uaryofiTad (Mann-Whitney, Z=-3.547, P<000) aisaxeba saklaso garemoze;

aseve, maswavlebeli, romelic moswavleebis mier aRiqmeba, rogorc mkacri

da usamarTlo (yovelgvari garkvevis gareSe adanaSaulebs moswavles,

amcirebs moswavles, mSoblebs ibarebs, direqtorTan Civis da a.S.)

uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens dadebiTi saklaso garemos Camoyalibebaze

(pirsonis korelacia, r=.060, P<.043; r=.102, P<.001); xolo maswavlebeli,

romelic cdilobs, miiRos samarTliani gadawyvetileba da arkvevs

moswavlis braleulobas (arkvevs ramdenad aris moswavl damnaSave, iZleva

rCevas da a.S) dadebiT zegavlenas axdens saklaso garemoze.

g) saskolo RonisZiebebis dagegmva da mowyoba:

aRmoCnda, rom klasSi konkretuli RonisZiebebis xSiri Catareba xels

uwyobs dadebiTi saskolo garemos Camoyalibebas (pirsonis korelacia,

r=.196, P<.000). RonisZiebebze moswavleebs aqvT saSualeba ufro

daumegobrdnen erTmaneTs da ganaviTaron araformaluri urTierTobebi.

aRmoCnda, rom RonisZiebebi xels uwyobs klasis Sekrulobas da piriqiT, iq,

sadac ar tardeba msgavsi RonisZiebebi, ufro dabalia klasis Sekruloba

(Mann-Whitney, Z=-2.509, P<0.12; Z=-3.337, P<0.001; Z=-4.295, P<0;)


121

moswavleebs ZiriTadad daamaxsovrdaT Semdegi saxis RonisZiebebi: ixileT

cxrili #3:

cxrili #3:

klasSi Catarebuli RonisZiebebi:

dasaxelebis

sixSire

eqskursia 240

saaxalwlo RonisZieba 120

SemecnebiTi RonisZiebebi 94

dawyebiT klasTan gamoTxoveba 88

speqtakli 75

arcerTi 68

cnobil adamianisadmi miZRvnili saRamo 46

laSqroba 38

TviTSemoqmedeba 36

saubrebi saintereso Temebze 34

karnavali 30

d) ojaxis monawileoba moswavlis saskolo cxovrebaSi:

kvlevis Sedegebis analizi miuTiTebs, rom ojaxi erT-erT mniSvnelovan

rols TamaSobs dadebiTi saskolo garemos Camoyalibebaze. kerZod,

mSoblebi, romlebic interesdebian Tavisi Svilis TanaklaselebTan

urTierTobiT (pirsonis korelacia, r=.115, P<.000), xSirad dadian skolaSi

(pirsonis korelacia, r=.111, P<.000) da interesdebian moswavlis swavliT

(pirsonis korelacia, r=.086, P<.004) xels uwyoben moswavlis dadebiTi

saskolo garemos Camoyalibebas. amasTan, sainteresoa, rom es exeba ufro

metad im SemTxvevebs, rodesac orive mSobeli aris aqtiuri da Tanabrad

monawileobs moswavlis saskolo cxovrebaSi (X2=22.750; P<000; X2=22.750; P<000; X2=10.293; P<.016);

aseve, moswavlis dadebiTi saskolo garemos SeqmnaSi kritikulia mSoblebis

damokidebuleba skolis da maswavleblebis mimarT. mSoblis ndoba skolis

da maswavleblis mimarT dadebiTad aisaxeba saskolo garemoze (maT Svilebs

aqvT ufro Sekruli da megobruli klasi) (pirsonis korelacia, r=.136,P<.000); bunebrivia, mSoblebis Rirebulebebi da damokidebulebebi aisaxeba

moswavleebze da SesaZloa, es garkveulad zegavlenas axdendes moswavlis


122

saskolo urTierTobebze. aseve, mSoblebis daxmarebiT da xelSewyobiT

maswavleblebi ufro met RonisZiebas axorcileben klasSi, rac TavisTavad

xels uwyobs dadebiTi saskolo garemos Camoyalibebas. marTlac, aRmoCnda,

rom mSoblebi, romlebic ar exmarebian skolas an klasis damrigebels

klasis saqmianobis organizebaSi, ar uwyoben xels dadebiTi saskolo

klimatis ganviTarebas (Mann-Whitney, Z=-5.057, P=0.0; Mann-Whitney, Z=-2.720, P<0.07);

saskolo Rirebulebebi da normebi

Cven kvlevaSi vikvlieT Semdegi saskolo Rirebulebebi:

1. swavlasTan dakavSirebuli Rirebulebebi;

2. disciplinasTan dakavSirebuli Rirebulebebi;

3. urTierTobebTan dakavSirebuli Rirebulebebi.

1. swavlsaTan dakavSirebuli Rirebulebebis Sesaswavlad moswavleebs

vxoveT Semdegi situaciebis Sefaseba.

a) oorianis miRebaze klasis, maT Soris gogoebis da biWebis reaqcia:

aRmoCnda, rom gamokiTxulTa daaxloebiT 9%-s miaCnia, rom orianis miReba

aris mkacrad gasakicxi da dasaZraxi mTeli klasis mier. 11.5% aranair

yuradRebas amas ar miaqcevda am faqts. sainteresoa, rom orianis miRebas

mkacrad gakicxavs gamokiTxuli gogoebis 6% da biWebis mxolod 2.5%.

rogorc Cans, es Rirebuleba ar aris gaziarebuli mTeli klasis mier.

b) uumaRlesi Sefasebis miRebaze klasis, maT Soris gogoebis da

biWebis damokidebulebebi:

aRmoCnda, rom moswavlis mier Semajamebel SefasebaSi umaRlesi qulis

miRebas yuradRebas ar miaqcevda 12%, xolo 29.9 % ki am faqtis mimarT

dadebiT damokidebulebas gamoxatavda. maT Soris gogoebi SedarebiT ufro

metad gamoxatavdnen dadebiT damokidebulebebs, vidre biWebi.

sainteresoa, rom moswavleebis 9.4 %-s ar gauxardeboda Tanaklaselis

warmateba.


123

rogorc Cans, es Rirebulebac ver CaiTvleba wamyvan Rirebulebad da

Sesabamisad arc jgufur normad.

g) ddamatebiTi mecadineobis Catarebaze klasis, maT Soris gogoebis da

biWebis reaqcia:

aRmoCnda, rom moswavleebis Txovnas maswavleblisadmi --- Caataros

damatebiTi gakveTilebi gacdenilis sanacvlod, gamokiTxuli

moswavleebidan mxolod 13.9% gakicxavda mkacrad, xolo 17.3%-i

dauWerda mxars; maT Soris gogonebi SedarebiT ufro metad dauWerdnen

mxars, vidre biWebi.

es miuTiTebs, imaze, rom es Rirebulebac ar aris sayovelTaod miRebuli

mTeli klasis mier, radganac moswavleebis azri gayofilia.

d) ggakveTilis CaSlaze klasis, maT Soris gogoebis da biWebis

damokidebulebebi:

aRmoCnda, rom moswavlis iniciativas, rom mTeli klasi aiyolios

gakveTilis CaSlaSi mkacrad gakicxavda gamokiTxuli moswavleebis 19.4%

da mxars dauWerda daaxloebiT 11%. amasTan, biWebi (9.1%) ufro metad

dauWerdnen mxars, vidre gogonebi (1.5%). es aSkara sxvaoba miuTiTebs,

rom am konkretul RirebulebasTan mimarTebaSi gamoiyo ori subkultura.

gogonebis subkulturisTvis ufro metadaaa miRebuli saswavlo

Rirebulebebi, vidre biWebisaTvis.

amrigad, rom SevajamoT, Cvens mier gamokiTxul skolebis moswavleebSi ar

aris saswavlo Rirebulebebi wamyvani. Tumca, gamoikveTa, rom gogonebis

mier ufro metad xdeba am Rirebulebebis mowoneba da aRiareba.

2. disciplinasTan dakavSirebuli Rirebulebebi

a) mmoswavlis cudad moqcevaze (minis Camtvreva, uxeSad mimarTva

maswavleblisadmi, merxis damtvreva da sxva) klasis, maT Soris gogoebis

da biWebis reaqcia:


124

aRmoCnda, rom moswavlis cudad moqcevas mkacrad kicxavs gamokiTxuli

moswavleebis 18.3%. amasTan, gogonebi ufro kicxaven, vidre biWebi. am

faqts mxars dauWerda (misaRebad miiCnevda) 10.9%. sainteresoa, rom

mxolod 2.2% moswavlisTvis iqneboda sulerTi moswavlis udisciplino

saqcieli.

SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom es Rirebulebac araa mTeli klasis mier

sayovelTaod aRiarebuli.

b) ssaskolo nakveTis damuSavebaze Tavis aridebisadmi klasis, maT Soris

gogoebis da biWebis reaqcia:

aRmoCnda, rom roca mTeli klasi muSaobs saskolo nakveTze da vinme Tavs

aridebs muSaobas, mas gakicxavda 19.3%, xolo mxolod 3.6% dauWerda

mxars. araa mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba gogonebis da biWebis mosazrebas

Soris.

aSkaraa, rom jgufisadmi daqvemdebareba erToblivi samuSaoebis

Sesrulebisas aris jgufis norma anu gaSinagnebuli Rirebuleba mTeli

klasisaTvis da mosalodnelia, rom am normis darRveva isjebodes

garkveuli sanqciebiT. SesaZloa, rom moswavle, romelic arRves am normas

iqnas jgufidan gaZevebuli.

amrigad, rom SevajamoT, disciplinis aspeqtSi, Cven mier gamokiTxuli

skolebis moswavleebSi ufro metadaa arasaskolo garemosTan

dakavSirebuli Rirebulebebi miRebuli, vidre saskolo garemosTan

dakavSirebuli Rirebulebebi.

3. urTierTobebTan dakavSirebuli Rirebulebebi

a) megobris motyuebaze klasis, maT Soris gogoebis da biWebis reaqcia:

aRmoCnda, rom megobris motyuebaze gamokiTxuli moswavleebis 16.4% -s

eqneboda uaryofiTi reaqcia, xolo mxolod 1.6% am faqts dadebiTad

Sexvdeboda. araa mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba gogonebis da biWebis mosazrebebs

Soris. aSkaraa, rom megobrisadmi erTguleba aris gamokiTxuli

moswavleebisaTvis gaSinaganebuli Rirebuleba anu norma.


125

b) pirovnul Seuracxyofaze klasis, maT Soris gogoebis da biWebis

reaqcia:

aRmoCnda, rom moswavles, romelic Cxubobs imis gamo, rom mas dascines,

mxars uWers gamokiTxuli moswavleebis 20.9%, xolo mkacrad kicxavs

mxolod 7.3%. araa mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba gogonebis da biWebis

mosazrebebs Soris.

aSkaraa, rom warmodgenili Rirebuleba: "Tavi aravis daaCagvrino" aris

gamokiTxuli moswavleebisaTvis gaSinagnebuli Rirebuleba anu norma.

g) klaselebis Sexvedraze moswavlis mier alkoholuri sasmelis miRebaze

klasis, maT Soris gogoebis da biWebis reaqcia

aRmoCnda, rom am saqciels mkacrad kicxavs gamokiTxuli moswavleebis

9.7%, xolo mxars uWers daaxloebiT 14.4%. maT Soris, biWebi ufro metad

uWeren mxars (8.6%), vidre gogonebi (4%);

am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT klasis azri gayofilia. alkoholuri sasmelis

miReba ar iTvleba sayovelTaod miRebul Rirebulebad anu normad meSvide-

meaTe klaselebSi.

d) sawinaaRmdego sqesTan damegobrebaze klasis, maT Soris gogoebis da

biWebis reaqcia:

aRmoCnda, rom sawinaaRmdego sqesTan damegobrebas mkacrad kicxavs

gamokiTxuli moswavleebis 9.5%, xolo mxars uWers 13.7%; maT Soris

gogonebi ufro metad uWeren mxars, vidre biWebi.

am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT klasis azri aris gayofili da Sesabamisad, am

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ar arsebobs mkacrad dadgenili normebi.

e) maswavlebelTan enis mitanaze klasis, maT Soris gogoebis da biWebis

reaqcia


126

aRmoCnda, rom maswavlebelTan enis mitanas mkacrad kicxavs gamokiTxuli

moswavleebis 25.4%, xolo mxars uWers mxolod 3.8%. araa mniSvnelovani

gansxvaveba gogonebisa da biWebis mosazrebebs Soris.

aSkaraa, rom es Rirebuleba aris gaSinaganebuli mTeli jgufis mier da

SesaZloa, kontrolirdeba kidevac jgufuri sanqciebiT.

v) klaselisTvis daxmarebaze (sakontrolos gadaweraze) uaris Tqmis

SemTxveveSi klasis, maT Soris gogoebis da biWebis reaqcia

aRmoCnda, rom es SemTxveva mkacradaa gakicxuli 24.2 % is mier, xolo

mxardaWerilia mxolod 3.6% is mier. araa mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba

gogonebis da biWebis mosazrebebs Soris.

aSkaraa, rom klaselisadmi daxmarebis Rirebuleba aris klasSi miRebuli

norma da misi darRveva kontrolirdeba jgufSi arsebuli sanqciebiT.

amrigad, urTierTobis aspeqtSi jgufis mier erToblivad aRiarebuli

Rirebulebebia: megobris erTguleba, pirovnuli Rirsebis grZnobisadmi

pativiscema da TviTpativiscema, jgufis saidumloebebis Senaxva da

pativiscema, Tanatolis daxmareba.

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom Cvens mier Seswavlil skolebSi ufro metad

sWarbobs arasaswavlo Rirebulebebisadmi daqvemdebareba, rogoricaa

pirovnul urTierTobebze da SromiT saqmianobasTan dakavSirebul

aspeqtebze aqcentis gadatana.

damatebiTi informacia:

moswavleTa umravlesobas, 86.4% gaumarTlda, rom swavlobs Tavis

skolaSi. 6.3% ar gasca am SekiTxvas pasuxi, SesaZloa maT ar surdaT am

SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacema, rac saboloo jamSi miuTiTebs, rom moswavleebis

12.6% -s maincdamainc ar moswons is skola, sadac swavlobs.


127

rogorc mosalodneli iyo, moswavleebis bedniereba ukavSirdeba maTi

ojaxis ekonomiur-socialur mdgomareobas. kerZod, moswavleebi, romlebic

cxovroben materialurad SeZlebul ojaxebSi, arian ufro bednierebi

amJamad (pirsonis korelacia, r=.178, P<.000); da momavalsac ufro

optimisturad uyureben (fiqroben rom momavalsi isini bednierebi iqnebian

da aseve, maTi momavali iqneba naTeli), vidre is bavSvebi, romlebic

cxovroben Rarib ojaxebSi (pirsonis korelacia, r=.073, P<.015; r=.124,P<.000); aseve, moswavleebi, romlebic axla grZnoben bednierad Tavs ufro

optimisturad warmoidgenen TavianT momavals, vidre isini, romlebic Tavs

amJamad naklebad bednierad grZnoben (pirsonis korelacia, r=.306, P<.000;r=.195, P<.000);

moswavlis ojaxis Semadgenloba

aRmoCnda, rom moswavleebis umravlesobas (92.4%) hyavs bebia an babua.

gamokiTxuli moswavleebidan TiTqmis naxevari (46%) cxovrobs gavrcobil

ojaxSi (bebia-babuasTan erTad). ixileT cxrili #4:

cxrili #4:

gavrcobil ojaxSi

cxovreba:

bebia da babua

TqvenTan erTad

cxovroben Tu ara?

FsixSire procenti procenti

gamotovebulipasuxis gareSe

ara 623 52.8 53.5

ki 542 46.0 46.5

mTlianad

1165 98.8 100.0

gamotovebuli

pasuxi 14 1.2

mTlianad 1179 100.0


128

ojaxis monawileoba moswavlis saskolo cxovrebaSi genderuli gansxvavebebi

kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, deda ufro aqtiurad monawileobs moswavlis

saskolo cxovrebaSi (82.46 % deda, 3.9% mama dadis Svilis skolaSi),

amasTan, sainteresoa, rom moswavleebis 64,25% -is orive mSobeli Tanabrad

interesdeba Svilebis saswavlo SedegebiT da 46.83% -is azriT, orive

mSobeli Tanabrad interesdeba moswavlis TanaklaselebTan urTierTobiT.

moswavlis materialur-ekonomiuri mdgomareoba

qvemoT mocemuli cxrili #5 miuTiTebs, moswavleebis umravlesoba (77.4%)

aris saSualo SeZlebis ojaxebidan. mxolod 3.2% aris SeZlebuli da 18%

ki gaWirvebuli ojaxebidan.

cxrili #5: M

moswavlis materialur

ekonomiuri mdgomareobasixSire procenti

procenti gamotovebuli

pasuxebis gareSe

materialurad SeZlebuli 38 3.2 3.3saSualo 912 77.4 78.5Raribi 212 18.0 18.2mTliani odenoba 1162 98.6 100.0

gamotovebuli

pasuxebi 17 1.4mTlianad 1179 100.0

rogorc mosalodnelia, qveynis dRevandeli mZime materialur-ekonomiuri

mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, mSoblebis udides procents, rogorc mamebs,

ise dedebs, ar aqvT samsaxuri (deda 47.75%, mama 56.97%). rogorc Cans,

dedis da mamis umuSevrobis done erTmaneTs uaxlovdeba, rac mianiSnebs

imaze, rom dRevandel dRes genderuli gansxvavebebi dasaqmebasTan

dakavSirebiT TiTqmis ar arsebobs. amasTan, sainteresoa, rom qalebi ufro

kmayofilni arian TavianTi samsaxuriT (34.4%), vidre kacebi (20.52%); es

SesaZloa imiT aris gamowveuli, rom mamakacebi dasaqmebulni arian iseT

samsaxurebSi, romelic maT kvalifikaciasa da genderul rols ar

akmayofilebs.

sainteresoa, rom dedis da mamis kmayofileba samsaxuriT da profesiiT

dadebiT korelaciaSia erTmanTTan (pirsonis korelacia, r=.364, P<.000);


129

moswavlis pirovnuli cnobierebis ganviTareba

rogorc gamoikveTa, 79.5 % moswavleebisas Camoyalibebuli aqvT pirovnuli

TviTcnobiereba, anu sakuTar Tavze amyareben imedebs, rac maT aqtiur

mdgomareobaSi ayenebs, rac aris winapiroba imisa, rom momavalSi isini

gaxdebian aqtiuri TviTrelizirebuli pirovnebebi. ixileT qvemoT

warmodgenili cxrili #6 da diagrama #1:

cxrili #6:

visi imedi aqvT moswavleebs

cxovrebaSi:FsixSire procenti

procenti

gamotovebuli

pasuxebis gareSe

sakuTari

Tavis 937 79.5 80.4

saxelmwifos 22 1.9 1.9

mSoblebis 206 17.5 17.7

mTliand 1165 98.8 100.0

gamotovebuli pasuxebi 14 1.2

mTlianad 1179 100.0

diagrama #1: visi imedi aqvs moswavles cxovrebaSi


130

skola

aRmoCnda, rom moswavleebis mxolod 18.23% xSirad acdens skolas. rogorc

Cans ufro xSirad skolas biWebi acdenen (ix. diagrama #2 da #3);

diagrama #2 ramdenad xSirad acdenen skolas Tqveni Tanaklaselebi

diagrama #3: vin acdenen gakveTilebs?


131

moswavleTa azriT, gacdenis ZiriTadi mizezebia:

cxrili #7: gacdenis

ZiriTadi mizezebi:

dasaxelebis

sixSire

avadmyofoba 776

sizarmace 255

ojaxuri mdgomareoba 165

gakveTilis ar codna 148

gamgzavreba 80

piradi problemebi 62

garToba 53

sportiT dakaveba 35

2. direqtorebis kvleva

skolebis direqtorebis kvleva aris skolis kulturis kvlevis

mniSvnelovani nawili. swored skolis marTvelobiTi rgoli aris is

ZiriTadi RerZi, romelsac Seswevs skolis gardaqmnis Zala da

pasuxismgeblobac. xolo direqtori aris am rgolis erT-erTi ZiriTadi

nawili. skolebis reforma swored mmarTvelobiTi rgolis cvlilebiT unda

daiwyos.

DI. ddemografiuli monacemebi direqtorebis Sesaxeb:

skolis direqtorebis asakis ganawileba mocemulia cxrilSi #8:

cxrili #8: skolis direqtorebis asakis ganawileba

asaki

1 2.9 2.9 2.93 8.6 8.6 11.4

26 74.3 74.3 85.75 14.3 14.3 100.0

35 100.0 100.0

30 welze naklebi

30 dan 40 mde

41 dan 55 mde

55 ze meti

mTlianad

sixSire procenti

CumulativePercent

procenti


132

skolis direqtorebis umravlesoba (77.1%) cxovrobs skolasTan 500 dan 2

kilometris daSorebiT. 65.5% direqtorebisa fexiT dadis skolaSi. 17.1%

sargeblobs sazogadoebrivi transportiT, xolo 17.1% ki sakuTari an

ojaxis wevris manqaniT.

skolis direqtorebis 94.3% aqvs mobiluri aparati.

direqtorebis umravlesobas 91.4 % aqvs umaRlesi pedagogiuri ganaTleba,

xolo mxolod 8.6% aqvs arapedagogiuri ganaTleba.

direqtorebis Semosavalis wyaroebi mocemulia diagramaze #4:

direqtoris xelfasis garda ra damatebiTi Semosavlebi gaqvT?

diagrama #4: direqtorebis Semosavlis wyaroebi

rogorc Cans, umravlesobas direqtorobis xelfasis garda (52.94%) aqvs

meuRlis an ojaxis sxva wevris Semosavali, 32.35% aqvs Semosavali

ojaxuri meurneobidan.

II. direqtorebis gamocdileba:

aRmoCnda, rom direqtorebis naxevarze mets (54%) aqvs mocemul skolaSi

direqtorobis sul mcire 8 wlis gamocdileba. xolo 31.1 % aqvs mxolod

erTi wlis direqtorobis gamocdileba anu isini axali daniSnulebi arian.


133

skolis direqtoris Tanamdebobaze, manamde sanam mocemul skolaSi

moxdeboda maTi daniSvna, gamokiTxulTa mxolod 8.6% muSaobda direqtorad

sxva skolaSi, 28.6 % iyo amave skolis maswavlebeli, xolo 14.3% ki sxva

skolis maswavlebeli. sainteresoa, rom skolebis axalandeli direqtorebis

TiTqmis umravlesoba, 40% iyo amave skolis direqtoris moadgile, xolo

11.4% ki sxva skolis direqtoris moadgile. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

ZiriTadad skolis direqtoris moadgileebs daukavebiaT direqtorebis

Tanamdeboba. rac miuTiTebs imaze, rom mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs am

skolebSi ar unda movelodeT im adamianebisagan, romlebic Zveli

direqtoris gundis wevrebi iyvnen. Tumca es varaudia da ara faqti.

skolis direqtorebis TiTqmis naxevars (48.6%) hqonda xelmZRvanel

Tanamdebobaze muSaobis sul mcire 11 wlis gamocdileba. xolo mxolod 8.6

% hqonda xanmokle (3 wlis) gamocdileba. Tumca yvela direqtors sul

mcire 5 wlis pedagogiuri staJi mainc gaaCnia. zogadad, direqtorebis

pedagogiuri staJi meryeobs 5 dan 51 wlamde. amJamad ki pedagogiur

moRvaweobas direqtorTa umravlesoba (68.6%) iTavsebs. isini aswavlian

rogorc humanitarul sagnebs, aseve sabunebismetyvelos.

sainteresoa, rom skolis direqtorebisaTvis da administratorebisaTvis

gankuTvnil specialur treningebSi gamokiTxulebis umravlesobam (71.4% ma)

miiRo monawileoba.

III. skolis marTvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi:

1. ddireqtorebis avtoritaruli marTvis indeqsi:

aRmoCnda, rom direqtorebis umravlesobas (40%) aqvs avtoritaruli

marTvis stili, anu maT miaCniaT rom skolis erTpirovnuli marTva aris

Zalzed efeqturi an sakmaod efeqturi. mxolod 17.1 % fiqrobs rom aseTi

erTpirovnuli marTvis stili araefeqturia.

2. mmSoblis monawileoba saskolo procesebSi:

a) saskolo saswavlo gegmis damtkicebaSi mSoblis monawileoba


134

gamokiTxuli skolis direqtorebis 37.1% miaCnia, rom saswavlo gegmis

damtkicebaSi mSoblis monawileoba sruliad araefeqturia an sakmaod

araefeqturia. mxolod 5.7 % miiCnevs am moments sruliad efeqturad.

b) skolis Sinaganawesis gansazRvra

gamokiTxuli skolis direqtorebis didi umravlesoba 74.3% miiCnevs, rom

mSoblis mier skolis Sinaganwesis gansazRvra efeqturia. mxolod 2.9%

miaCnia mSoblis aseTi saxis monawileoba naklebad efeqturad.

g) saxelmZRvaneloebis nusxis dadgena

gamokiTxuli skolis direqtorebis umravlesoba 42.9% miiCnevs, rom

mSoblis am saxis monawileoba, kerZod saxelmZRvaneloebis nusxis dadgena

araefeqturia. amas mxolod 11.4 % miiCnevs sruliad efeqturad.

d) skolis finansebis gankargva

gamokiTxuli skolis direqtorebis didi umravlesoba (80%) miiCnevs, rom

skolis finansebis gankargvaSi mSoblebis monawileoba sruliad an sakmaod

efeqturia. mxolod 2.9% afasebs mSoblis monawileobis am aspeqts

araefeqturad.

direqtorebis azriT, mSoblebis aqtiuri monawileobis saxeebi saswavlo

procesSi mocemulia cxril #9-Si:

cxrili #9 mSoblis saswavlo procesSi

monawileobis SesaZlo saxeebi:

dasaxelebis

sixSire

saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiT procesSi aqtiuri CabmiT 30

moswavlis gakveTilze daswrebis gakontrolebiT 4

profesiuli gamocdilebis gamoyenebiT 4

moswavlis akademiuri moswrebis gakontrolebiT 3

rogorc gamoikveTa, gamokiTxuli skolis direqtorebis umravlesoba

misaRebad miiCneves mSoblis monawileobas saskolo procesebis iseT

aspeqtebSi, rogoricaa skolis finansebis gankargva da skolis Sinaganawesis


135

gansazRvra. Tumca, umravlesoba araefeqturad miiCnevs mSoblis

monawileobas iseT sakiTxebSi, rogoricaa saxelmZRvaneloTa nusxis dadgena

da saskolo gegmis damtkiceba. rogorc Cans, isini mSoblebs am sakiTxebis

gadawyvetaSi arakompetenturad miiCneven.

3. ssaskolo gadawyvetilebebis miReba

a) saskolo RoniZiebebis dagegmvis wesi

skolis administraciis mier winaswar Sedgenili gegmiT xorcieldeeba

RonisZiebebi skolebis 68.6% Si, maswavleblebis jgufis iniciativiT

xorcieldeba 62.8 % Si, erTi maswavleblis iniciativiT TiTqmis ar

xorcieldeba RonisZiebebi (25.7%) da moswavleTa iniciativiT xorcieldeba

skolebis 48.5% Si.

b) skolaSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis wesi

skolebis direqtorebis umravlesoba (68.6%) mSoblebs xvdeba TveSi

erTxel an orjer, skolebis direqtorebis umravlesoba (62.8%)

daaxloebiT kviraSi erTxel an orjer xvdeba skolis maswavleblebs, raTa

ganixilon skolasTan da swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. Tumca,

Semdgomi analizi cxadyofs, rom es aris ara sakiTxebis ganxilva, aramed

informireba miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb.

radganac aRmoCnda, rom umravles SemTxvevebSi saboloo gadawyvetilebas

saskolo RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebiT iRebs skolis direqtori (88 %),

miuxedavad imisa, Tu visi iniciativa iyo am RoniZiebis ganxorcieleba. arc

moadgile (20%), arc maswavleblebi (22%), arc mSoblebi (20%) da arc

moswavleebi (25%) saboloo gadawyvetilebas ar iReben.

4. mmoswavleebis monawileoba skolis TviTmarTvelobaSi:

gamokiTxuli skolis direqtorebis did umravlesobas (85.7%) miaCnia, rom

moswavleebis mier TviTmmarTvelobis Camoyalibeba iqneba sruliad an

sakmaod efeqturi skolisaTvis. mxolod 2.9% miiCnevs, rom es naklebad

efeqturi iqneba.


136

5. rreformis axali struqturuli erTeulebi: sameurveo sabWo:

skolebis umravlesobas jer ar aurCevia sameurveo sabWo (85.7%). sain-

teresoa, rom direqtorebis umravlesoba ar aris darwmunebuli, rom

sameurveo sabWo samarTlianad airCevs skolis direqtors (ix. diagrama

#5).

Tqveni azriT, ramdenad samarTlianad airCevs sameurveo

sabWo skolis direqtors

diagrama #5: direqtoris mier sameurveo sabWos samarTlianobis

Sefaseba

IV. axali saskolo regulaciebi: vauCerebi

mocemuli klevis Sedegebis mixedviT, gamokiTxuli direqtorebis

umravlesoba (66.67) efeqturad miiCnevs vauCerizacias, 15.5% araa

darwmunebuli am reformis efeqturobaSi, xolo 18.18% ki mas

araefeqturad miiCnevs. ixileT qvemoT warmodgenili diagrama #6:


137

ramdenad efeqturia Tqveni skolisTvis saxelmwifo dafinansebis

vauCerizaciis sistema?

diagrama #6: direqtorebis mier vauCerizaciis efeqtianobis Sefaseba

direqtorebis umravlesobis azriT, skolis vauCerebi maT ufaravaT skolis

xarjebs (77.1%), xolo 22 %-s ki vauCerebi ar ufaravs skolis xarjebs.

am SemTxvevaSi isini mimarTaven sxvadasxva instanciebs. ixiliT qvemoT

moyvanili diagrama (#7).


138

Tu vauCerebi ar gifaravT skolis xarjebs, maSin ra saSualebas mimarTavT?

diagrama #7: direqtorebis strategia, roca vauCeri ar ufaravs skolis

xarjebs

rogorc zemoT mocemuli diagramidan (#7) irkveva, skolis direqtorebis

umravlesoba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac maT vauCerebi ar ufaravT skolis

xarjebs, isini mimarTaven adgilobrov xelmZRvanelobas damatebiTi xarje-

bisaTvis (41.67%); 33.33% mimarTavs uSualod ganaTlebis saministros.

sainteresoa, rom 16.6% aranair saSualebas ar mimarTavs da far-xmals

yris. SesaZloa, swored maT miaCniaT araefeqtianad skolis dafinansebis

axali forma, radganac ver xedaven cvlilebis moxdenis SesaZleblobas.

kiTxvaze, Tu raze akeTeben direqtorebi ekonomias, gamoikveTa Semdegi

pasuxebi (ix. cxrili #10):

cxrili #10: direqtoris mier gakeTebuli ekonomia %

pedagogTa raodenobis Semcireba 0%

klasebis gaerTianeba 11.4%

komunaluri gadasaxadebi 25.7%

teqnikuri personalis Semcireba 28.6%

administraciuli xarjebi 45.7%


139

rogorc gamokiTxuli direqtorebis angariSidan Cans, yvelaze meti ekonomia

keTdeba adminstraciul xarjebze, Semdeg teqnikuri personalis Semcirebaze

da komunalur gadasaxadebze. pedagogTa Semcireba jer arcerT gamokiTxul

skolaSi ar momxdara.

direqtorebis mier agreTve dasaxelebul iqna sxva aspeqtebic, razec isini

akeTeben ekonomias (ix. cxrili #11):

raze akeTebT ekonomias?

cxrili #11: kidev raze akeTeben

direqtorebi ekonomias:

dasaxelebis

sixSire

gacdenili saaTebis daqviTva 1

klasis ganayofis SeerTeba 1

remonti 1

Semcirda klasis xelmZRvanelebi,dainiSna

koordinatorebi

1

V. maswavlebelTa damokidebuleba axali reformebis mimarT

rogorc kvlevis Sedegebi miuTiTebs, gamokiTxuli direqtorebis

umravlesobis azriT (85.7%), maswavlebelTa umetesoba dainteresebulia

skolis reformiT da mxolod mcire nawils ar ainteresebs. gamokiTxuli

direqtorebis mxolod 5.7% miiCnevs, rom skolaSi Tanabari odenobiT arian

reformis mxardamWerebi da mis sawinaaRmdegod ganwyobili maswavleblebi.

VI. direqtorebis mier skolebis Sefaseba sxvadasxva parametrebiT,

romelic xels uwyobs skolis dadebiTi klimatis ganviTarebas;

a) moswavleTa usafrTxoebis da higienuri moTxovnebis

dakmayofileba

gamokiTxuli direqtorebis umravlesoba (65.7%) miiCnevs, rom maTi skola

akmayofilebs moswavleTa usafrTxoebis da higienur normebs, xolo 34.4%

miiCnevs, rom maTi skola am normebs ar akmayofilebs (ixileT diagrama

#8).


140

Tqveni skola akmayofilebs moswavleTaAusafrTxoebis da higienur normebis

moTxovnebs?

diagrama #8: skolebis mier usafrTxoebis da higienuri normebis

dakmayofileba

kiTxvaze, Tu ratom ar akmayofilebs Tqveni skola moswavleTaA

usafrTxoebis da higienuri normebis moTxovnebs, gamoikveTa Semdegi

pasuxebi (ix. cxrili #12):

cxrili #12: ratom ar akmayofilebs

skola usafrTxoebis da higienur

normebs?

dasaxelebis sixSire

saWiroa kapitaluri remonti 10

amortizebulia sveli wertilebi 7

ar aris centraluri gaTboba 1


141

b) saganmanaTleblo moTxovnebis dakmayofileba

gamokiTxuli direqtorebis didi umravlesoba (94.4%) miiCnevs, rom

moswavleTa saganmanaTleblo moTxovnebi kmayofildeba maT skolebSi.

mxolod 5.7 %-s gaaCnia amis sawinaaRmdego mosazreba. Tumca, maT ar

dauzustebiaT, Tu raSi gamoixateba es.

g) kompiuteriT sargeblobis SesaZlebloba

gamokiTxuli direqtorebis 65.7%-s aqvs kompiuteriT sargeblobis

saSuleba skolaSi, xolo 34.3% ki es saSualeba ara aqvs.

d) saskolo biblioTeka

sainteresoa, rom TiTqmis yvela gamokiTxul skolaSi moswavleebs aqvT

saskolo biblioTeka (97.1%), mxolod erT skolas ar aqvs saskolo

biblioTeka.

e) sagnis laboratoriebi/kabinetebi

gamokiTxul skolebis 91.4 % -Si arsebobs sagnis laboratoriebi./

kabinetebi; mxolod 8.6% ara aqvs msgavsi kabinetebi.

v) damxmare specialistebis arseboba skolaSi: fsiqologebi,

logopedebi laborantebi da eqimebi.

gamokiTxuli skolebidan 40% yavs fsiqologi, 34.3% yavs logopedi,

68.6% yavs laboranti da mxolod 22.9% yavs eqimi.

rogorc Cans fsiqologis, eqimis da logopedis yola skolaSi aris

fufuneba. es miuTiTebs imaze, rom saWiroa am mimarTulebiT muSaoba

skolebSi. damxmare specialistebis gareSe, maT Soris socialuri muSakebis

(romlebic saerTod ar arian arcerT skolaSi) SeuZlebelia moswavleTa im

arasaswavlo problemebis gadalaxva, romelic maT xels uSliT swavlaSi.

Tu ar mogvarda moswavleTa emociuri, qceviTi, socialuri Tu sxva

problemebi, maSin ver moxerxdeba moswavleebis aqtiuri CarTva saswavlo

procesSi.

z) maswavleblebis uzrunvelyofa Sesabamisi literaturiT da

teqnikuri saSulebebiT.

rogorc kvlevidan irkveva, gamokiTxul skolebis 39.39 % Si,

direqtorebis azriT, maswavleblebis umetesoba uzrunvelyofilia

Sesabamisi literaturiT da mxolod mcire nawils ara aqvs amis


142

SesaZlebloba. direqtorebis 15.15 % gauWirda am SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacema,

xolo 9.09% darwmunebulia, rom amis SesaZlebloba yvela maswavlebels

aqvs (ix. diagrama #9).

Tqveni skolis maswavleblebi uzrunvelyofilni arian Sesabamisi

literaturiT da teqnikuri saSulebebiT?

diagrama #9: maswavleblebis uzrunvelyofa literaturiT da teqnikuri

saSulebebiT

T) skolaSi moswavleTa sxvadasxva klubebis arseboba:

aRmoCnda, rom gamokiTxuli skolebis 65.5%-Si funqcionirebs sportuli

klubi, 51.4%-Si funqcionirebs xelovnebis, 14.3% Si ki istoriul

eTnografiuli klubebi. xolo 14.4% Si ki saerTod ar funqcionirebs

raime klubi.


143

VII. skolebSi moswavleebis Sesaxeb informacia:

a) moswavleTa kontigentis denadoba:

ZiriTadad, rogorc Cans mTlianad sapilote skolebSi gadmovida 521

moswavle (saSualod 4,07 %) da sapilote skolebidan gadavida mxolod

24 moswavle (saSualod 1,26 %)22

Tu gagrZeldeba kvleva denadobis mizezebis dasadgenad, da gamovlindeba,

Tu ra mizezebiT aris ganpirobebuli es procesebi. miRebuli Sedegebi

skolis direqtorebisaTvis metad informaciuli iqneba, es monacemebi

daexmareba maT, raTa moaxdinon saWiro cvlilebebi skolis prestiJis

asamaRleblad da skolis moswavleTa raodenobis gasazrdelad.

b) moswavleTa gacdenebi da administraciis mier danaxuli mizezebi

gamokiTxuli direqtorebis azriT, skolas xSirad acdens mxolod 8.6%.

da TiTqmis naxevari fiqrobs, rom skolas metwilad acdenen biWebi

(48.6%), xolo naxevaris azriT ki skolas acdenen rogorc biWebi, aseve

gogonebi, anu gacdenaSi ar aris genderuli gansxvavebebi (51.4 %). es

emTxveva TviTon gamokiTxuli moswavleebis azrsac.

direqtorebis da moswavleebis azriT, skolis gacdenis ZiriTadi mizezebi

ganxilulia cxrilSi #13:

cxrili #13: gacdenis

ZiriTadi mizezebi: direqtori moswavle

avadmyofoba 11 776

sizarmace

(upasuxismgebloba)

9 255

misaRebi gamocdebisTvis

mzadeba

6

ojaxuri mdgomareoba 4 165

sportuli RonisZiebebi 3 35

gakveTilis ar codna 148

gamgzavreba 80

piradi problemebi 62

garToba 53

22es monacemi ar eTanxmeba maswavleblebis sawyisi mdgomareobis Seswavlis kvlevis

Sedegebs igive sakiTxis Sesaxeb, Tumca skolebi gansxvavebulia


144

rogorc zemoT moyvanili cxrilidan Cans, direqtorebis azri emTxveva

moswavleebis azrs gacdenis mizezebTan dakavSirebiT. reitingulad gacdenis

mizezebad avadmyofobis, moswavleebis sizarmacis da ojaxuri mdgomaroebis

dasaxeleba yvelaze maRla dgas rogorc moswavleebTan, ise direqtorebTan.

direqtorebi moswavleebisagan gansxvavebiT gacdenis mizezad asaxeleben

misaRebi gamocdebisaTvis mzadebasac, rac sainteresoa, rom Tavad

moswavleebis mier ar iyo naxsenebi.

zogadad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom direqtorebis da moswavleebis percepciebi

(aRqmebi) gacdenasTan dakavSirebiT Zalian msgavsia, rac muTiTiTebs

direqtorebis unarze adekvaturad asaxon reloba. es ki kargi winapirobaa

imisaTvis, rom gatardes Sesabamisi RonisZiebebi gacdenebis mizezebis

Sesamcireblad.

g) moswavleTa ekonomiuri mdgomareoba:

sainteresoa, rom mdidarTa da RaribTa odenoba skolaSi erTmaneTs

uaxlovdeba. es SesaZloa aris imis Sedegi, rom arasworad iqna gagebuli

"ekonomiurad SeZlebuli" da ekonomiurad gaWirvebuli". Tan ar arsebobs

aranairi kriteriumi romelic realurad moaxdenda am ori kategoriis

adamianTa gansxvavebas. rogorc Cans, direqtorebi am faqtors sakuTari

Sinagani kriteriumebiT afasebdnen.

d) skolebis mixedviT moswavleTa raodenoba arasruli ojaxidan,

mravalSviliani ojaxidan da araqarTveli ojaxidan

arasruli ojaxebidan sul aris 1,578 moswavle, mravalSviliani ojaxidan

2,017 moswavle da araqarTveli ojaxebidan mxolod 849 moswavle.


145

VIII. direqtoris subieqturi damokidebuleba moswavleebisa da sakuTari

Tavis mimarT

Tqveni azriT, Tqveni skolidan ramdeni moswavle Caabarebs erTian erovnul

gamocdebs da miiRebs saxelmwifos vauCers?

diagrama #10: direqtorebis subieqturi damokidebuleba moswavleTa

warmatebis mimarT

rogorc zemoT mocemuli diagramidan (#10) Cans, direqtorebis

umravlesobas (51.1%) naklebad sjera imisa, rom misi skolis aRzrdilebi

iqnebian warmatebulebi. 31.1% miaCnia, rom moswavleebis naxevari iqneba

warmatebuli, xolo mxolod 17.15% aqvs Tavisi moswavleebis imedi.

direqtorebis optimizmis donis Sefasebam aCvena, rom direqtorebis

TiTqmis naxevari araa optimisturad ganwyobili momavlisadmi (42.86%).


146

daskvna: sainteresoa, rom Cveni kvlevis monacemebi adasturebs im

mosazrebas, rom dadebiTi saklaso garemo xels uwyobs moswavlis mier

sakuTari Tavis bednierad Sefasebas. moswavleebi, romelTac miaCniaT, rom

maTi klasi aris megobruli da Sekruli (moswavleebi megobroben

erTmaneTTan da klasi ar aris dacalkevebuli), aseve fiqroben, rom maT

gaumarTldaT, rom swavloben mocemul skolaSi da klasSi. moswavleebs,

romlebic swavloben megobrul da Sekrul klasSi, ufro metad

ainteresebT skolaSi siaruli da aqvT saswavlo motivacia. piriqiT,

rodesac moswavleebi swavloben dacalkevebul da ara megobrul klasSi,

maTi skolaSi siaruli da swavlis survili klebulobs.


urTierTobis stili, klasis marTvis stili, (urTierTgageba, simkacre)

zegavlenas axdens skolis garemos gansazRvraze. maswavlebeli, romelic

moswavleebis mier aRiqmeba, rogorc mkacri da usamarTlo (yovelgvari

garkvevis gareSe adanaSaulebs moswavles, amcirebs moswavles, mSoblebs

ibarebs, direqtorTan Civis da a.S.) uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens dadebiTi

saklaso garemos Camoyalibebaze; xolo maswavlebeli, romelic cdilobs,

miiRos samarTliani gadawyvetileba da arkvevs moswavlis braleulobas

(arkvevs ramdenad aris moswavl damnaSave, iZleva rCevas da a.S) dadebiT

zegavlenas axdens saklaso garemoze.

aRmoCnda, rom klasSi konkretuli RonisZiebebis xSiri Catareba xels

uwyobs dadebiTi saskolo garemos Camoyalibebas. rogorc Cans,

RonisZiebebze moswavleebs aqvT saSualeba ufro daumegobrdnen erTmaneTs

da ganaviTaron araformaluri urTierTobebi. aseve, aRmoCnda, rom

RonisZiebebi, xels uwyobs klasis Sekrulobas da piriqiT, iq sadac ar

tardeba msgavsi RonisZiebebi ufro dabalia klasis Sekruloba.

kvlevis Sedegebis analizi miuTiTebs, rom ojaxi erT-erT mniSvnelovan

rols TamaSobs dadebiTi saskolo garemos Camoyalibebaze. kerZod,

mSoblebi, romlebic interesdebian Tavisi Svilis TanaklaselebTan

urTierTobiT, xSirad dadian skolaSi da interesdebian moswavlis swavliT

xels uwyoben moswavlis dadebiTi saskolo garemos Camoyalibebas. amasTan,

saintereso, rom es exeba ufro metad im SemTxvevebs, rodesac orive

mSobeli aris aqtiuri da Tanabrad monawileobs moswavlis saskolo

cxovrebaSi. aseve, moswavlis dadebiTi saskolo garemos SeqmnaSi

kritikulia mSoblebis damokidebulba skolis da maswavleblebis mimarT.

mSoblis ndoba skolis da maswavleblis mimarT dadebiTad aisaxeba saskolo


147

garemoze (maT Svilebs aqvT ufro Sekruli da megobruli klasi).

bunebrivia, mSoblebis Rirebulebebi da damokidebulebebi aisaxeba

moswavleebze da SesaZloa es garkveulad zegavlenas axdendes moswavlis

saskolo urTierTobebze. aseve, mSoblebis daxmarebiT da xelSewyobiT

maswavleblebi ufro met RonisZiebebs axorcileben klasSi, rac TavisTavad

xels uwyobs dadebiTi saskolo garemos Camoyalibebas.

saskolo Rirebulebebis kvlevisas gamoikveTa Semdegi: Cvens mier

gamokiTxul skolebis moswavleebSi ar aris saswavlo Rirebulebebi

wamyvani. Tumca, gamoikveTa, rom gogonebis mier ufro metad xdeba am

Rirebulebebis mowoneba. moswavleebSi ufro metadaa arasaskolo

garemosTan dakavSirebuli disciplinaruli Rirebulebebi damkvidrebuli.

urTierTobebis aspeqtSi sayovelTaod miRebuli Rirebulebebia: megobris

erTguleba, pirovnuli Rirsebis grZnobisadmi pativiscema da

TviTpativiscema, jgufis saidumloebebis Senaxva da pativiscema, Tanatolis

daxmareba. SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom Cvens mier Seswavlil skolebSi ufro

metad sWarbobs arasaskolo Rirebulebebisadmi daqvemdebareba, rogoricaa

pirovnul urTierTobebze da SromiT saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli

aspeqtebze aqcentis gadatana.

rogorc gamokveTa, me-7-10 klasebis moswavleebis umravlesobas Camoya-

libebuli aqvT pirovnuli TviTcnobiereba, anu sakuTar Tavze amyareben

imedebs, rac maT aqtiur mdgomareobaSi ayenebs, rac aris winapiroba imisa,

rom momavalSi isini gaxdebian aqtiuri TviT-realizirebuli pirovnebebi.

sainteresoa, rom skolis direqtorebis kvlevam aCvena, rom

direqtorTa umravlesobas aqvs avtoritaruli marTvis stili, anu maT

miaCniaT rom skolis erTpirovnuli marTva aris Zalzed efeqturi an

sakmaod efeqturi. Aes garkveulad SesaZloa afrexebdes reformis process,

Tumca aseve, kvlevis Sedegebi miuTiTebs, rom gamokiTxuli direqtorebis

umravlesobis azriT, maswavlebelTa umetesoba dainteresebulia skolis

reformiT da mxolod mcire nawils ar ainteresebs da ar surs masSi

monawileoba. Ees ki iZleva optimizmis safuZvels.

sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis integrirebuli swavlebis problemebi

148

4.9. kvlevis dasaxeleba: sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis

integrirebuli swavlebis problemebi

kvlevis mizani: sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa maswavleblebis mier danaxuli

integrirebuli swavlebis problemebis Sesawavla da is, Tu rogor

aisaxeba integrirebuli swavlebis problemebi moswavleebis saswavlo

Sedegebze - ramdenad xdeba moswavlis mier sxvadasxva saazrovno

operaciebis daufleba.

sakvlevi faqtorebi:

ra sirTuleebs ganicdidnen skolis maswavleblebi sazogadoebriv

mecnierebaTa integrirebuli swavlebisas (istoria, geografia da

samoqalaqo ganaTleba)

ramdenad aris mijaWvuli saazrovno operaciebi sagnis Sinaarsze,

anu erT Sinaarsze gavarjiSebuli operaciebi, aseTive warmatebiT

gamoiyeneba Tu ara sxva Sinaarszec, anu xdeba Tu ara unaris

gadatana - ganvrcoba sxva sagansa da Sinaarsze.

ramdenad SeuZlia moswavles integracia, anu sami sxvadasxva saxis

informaciis moZieba da gaTvaliswineba saazrovno operaciebSi.

Catarebis dro: 2006 wlis ivnisi

kvlevis meTodi:

1. maswavleblebis damokidebulebebis Sesaswavlad gamoyenebuli iqna

specialurad SemuSavebuli kiTxvari, romelic Seicavda 18 SekiTxvas.

2. moswavleebis saswavlo Sedegebi SeviswavleT eqspertebis mier

SemuSavebuli teqstis gagebis unaris gamosavleni testis saSualebiT,

sadac mocemuli iyo ucnobi teqstebi istoriidan, geografiidan da

samoqalaqo ganaTlebidan da integrirebuli davalebebi, romelic moiTxovda

samive sagnidan saWiro unar-Cvevebis gamoyenebas. moswavleebs unda epasuxaT

rogorc Ria SekiTxvebze, aseve daxurul SekiTxvebze (mravaljeradi

arCevanis tipis SekiTxvebi). testis winaswari aprobacia Catarda 121

moswavleze.


149

kvlevis obieqti: 1. kvlevaSi monawileobda 30 maswavlebeli saqarTvelos sxvadasxva

regionebidan (18 sxvadasxva skolidan), romlebic aswavlidnen

integrirebul sagans meSvide klasSi.

gamokiTxuli maswavleblebis umravlesoba (56.7%) iyo istoriis

specialisti, xolo danarCeni ki geografiis specialisti.

2. kvlevaSi monawileoba miiRo 18 sxvadasxva skolis VII klasis moswavlem

saqarTvelos regionebidan (sul 285 moswavle);

kvlevis Sedegebi:

1. maswavlebelTa damokidebulebebis kvleva integrirebuli swavlebisadmi

integrirebuli swavlebis formebi:

kvlevis Sedegebi miuTiTebs, rom meSvide klasis integrirebul kurss

aswavlida ori ZiriTadi maswavlebeli: istoriis da geografiis (80%).

skolebis mxolod 20 %-Si integrirebul swavlebas warmarTavda erTi

maswavlebeli da aqedan umravlesoba iyo istoriis specialisti.

saaTebi maswavleblebs Soris gadanawilebuli iyo an saxelmZRvanelos

struqturis mixedviT (40%) an TiToeul kviraSi 5 saaTidan 2 erT sagans

– geografias- eTmoboda, xolo 3 ki meores –istorias (56.7%); umravles

SemTxvevebSi swavlebis es struqtura iyo SenarCunebuli mTeli saswavlo

wlis manZile (76.7%);

integrirebuli sagnis maswavleblebi muSaobdnen erTmaneTisagan

damoukideblad (73%). mxolod iSviaT SemTxvevebSi atarebdnen erTobliv

gakveTilebs (27%); sul mewyvilesTan erTad Catarda 91 gakveTili yvela

Seswavlil skolaSi erTad.

saaTebis ganawilebis principi

saaTebis zemoTaRniSnuli saxiT ganwileba moxda ZiriTadad kolegebis

molaparakebis safuZvelze (86.7%), iSviaT SemTxvevaSi moxda direqtoris

gadawyvetilebiT (6.7%) da pedagogis avtoritetis gaTvaliswinebiT (6.7%);


150

gamokiTxuli maswavleblebis umravlesobis azriT, aRniSnulma ganawilebam

an saSualod gaamarTla (40%) an naklebad gaamarTla (20%). gamokiTxuli

maswavleblebis mxolod mcire procenti fiqrobs, rom amgvari ganawileba

sakmaod efeqturi (30%) an sruliad efeqturi (10%) iyo.

integrirebuli swavlebis Sedegebi

maswavleblebma daasaxeles mTeli rigi mizezebi, ris gamoc ar gaamarTla

integrirebulma swavlebam. es mizezebi mocemulia cxrilSi #1:

cxrili #1:

ris gamo ar gaamarTla integrirebulma swavlebam?

dasaxelebis

sixSire

geografia dazaralda, rogorc saaTebis, aseve

Sinaarsis TvalsazrisiT. cotaa masala, ar eswreba

praqtikuli muSaoba

12

ar Sedga integrireba (masala ar iZleva integrirebis

saSualebas, geografia Tematurad ar ukavSirdeba

istorias)

3

istoriasac daaklda saaTebi, masala ver moeswro 3

maswavlebelTa monacvleoba moswavleTa dabneulobas

iwvevda

1

maswavleblis dabali kvalifikacia 1

masalis gasavlelad ar aris sakmarisi saaTebi 1

standarts ar Seesabameba saxelmZRvanelo 1

saaTebis ganawilebam piradi uxerxuloba da

maswavlebelTa Soris uTanxmoeba gamoiwvia

1

ar vici 1

amrigad, gamoikveTa is ZiriTadi mizezi, ris gamoc ar gaamarTla

integrirebulma swavlebam. es aris geografiis wilis arasakmarisi odenoba

integrirebul saganSi. geografiis saaTebi ar aris sakmarisi. maswavleblebi

ver aswreben masalis swavlebas da araa sakmarisi dro praqtikuli

mecadineobebisaTvis.

integrirebuli swavlebis gasaumjobeseblad maswavleblebis 26.7 %

arafers Secvlida. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom maswavleblebi ZiriTadad

naklebad efeqturad miiCneven integrirebul swavlebas, “arafris Secvlis

survili” miuTiTebs imaze, rom maswavleblebi ar arian darwmunebulebi,

rom maT aqtivobas am mimarTulebiT eqneba raime mniSvneloba anu isini


151

uimedod arian ganwyobilni da, Sesabamisad, arafris Secvlas ar apireben

(ix. cxrili #2).

cxrili #2: ras SecvlidiT 2006-2007 wels

integrirebuli swavlebis gasaumjobeseblad?

dasaxelebis

sixSire

arafers 8

saaTebs Tanabrad gadavanawilebdi 4

integrirebul sagans unda aswavlides erTi

maswavlebeli

3

geografias da istorias 2-2 saaTi da samoqalaqos 1

saaTi; istoriis da geografiis masala Tanabrad unda

iyos.

3

saaTebis mkacrad gamijvna 3

gamocalkevdes sagani da saxelmZRvanelo (ara

integrirebulad iswavlebodes)

3

saaTebis damateba 2

daematos geografiuli masala 2

istorias 4 saaTi, geografias 1 (istorias gavzrdi

da Sevamcireb gografias)

2

msgavs Temebs erTad davalagebdi 1

rogorc Cans, maswavleblebs ZiriTadad ainteresebT, rom gaizardos

saaTebis raodenoba da igi Sesabamisad Tanabrad iyos gadanawilebuli samive

sagans Soris, an geografiasa da istorias Soris mainc. es maT miscemT imis

saSulebas, rom daamaton masalebi da ufro kargad aswavlon sagani.

sainteresoa, rom mawavleblebi Zveli modeliT swavlebas miesalmebian,

sadac TiToeul sagans (geografias, istorias da samoqalaqos) Tavisi

maswavlebeli hyavs.

yovelive zomoTmoyvanili monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT, cota

aragulwrfelia maswavleblebis azri, romlis mixedviT maswavleblebis

56.7% ar gaWirvebia integrirebuli swavleba. 43.3 % ki gauWirda

integrirebuli swavleba. aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom maswavleblebs,

romelTac ar gauWirdaT integrirebuli swavleba, principSi arc miiCneven,

rom isini aswavlidnen integrirebulad. aramed TiToeuli maswavlebeli

Tavis nawils aswavlida e. w. “integrirebuli saxelmZRvanelodan”;

im maswavleblebs, romlebsac gauWirdaT integrirebuli swavleba,

miuTiTebdnen, rom maT ZiriTadad gauWirdaT erTi Temis sxvadasxva


152

sagnobriv WrilSi ganxilva (46.7%) an saqarTvelos da danarCeni msoflios

magaliTebis erTdroulad ganxilva (26.7 %);

maswavleblebis umravlesobas (53.3%) aRniSnuli sirTulis dasaZlevad

dasWirda damatebiTi Teoriuli momzadeba. am mizniT maT mimarTes Semdeg

wyaroebs (ix. cxrili #3):

cxrili #3:

vis mimarTeT dasaxmareblad: dasaxelebis sixSire

kolega geografi 6

damatebiTi literatura 6

geografiuli literatura 4

kolegebi, kaTedra 3

treneri, treiningi 2

proeqtis direqtori 1

geografiis Zveli saxelmZRvanelo 1

istoriis Zveli saxelmZRvanelo 1

Zveli masalebi 1

swavlebis meTodika 1

maswavleblebis azriT, moswavleebis mxolod mcire nawils (30 %) ar

gauWirda integrirebuli sagnis swavla. 33.3%-ma saSualod dasZlia

integrirebuli sagani, xolo danarCenebs (40%) ki sakmaod an odnav

gauWirdaT. sainteresoa, rom maswavleblebis umravlesoba (60%) naklebad

acnobierebs im mizezebs (an maT ar surT am informaciis gamJRavneba), ris

gamoc moswavleebs uWirT integrirebuli sagnis swavla. xolo im

maswavleblebis azriT ki vinc upasuxa am SekiTxvas, moswavleebisTvis

sirTules ufro metad qmnida saqarTvelos da danarCeni msoflios

magaliTebis erTdroulad ganxilva (23.3 %), vidre erTi Temis sxvadasxva

sagnobriv WrilSi ganxilva (16.7%);

maswavleblebis Rirebulebebi da maTi damokidebuleba pilotirebuli saxelmZRvanelos mimarT

maswavleblebis sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis swavlebis mimarT

Sexedulebebis kvlevam gamoavlina Semdegi:

maswavleblebis umravlesobis azriT, sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis swavleba

skolaSi xels unda uwyobdes istoriuli faqtebis aRqmas, Sedarebas da


153

analizs (96%), geografiuli movlenebis da procesebis gagebas (90%);

sazogadoebisa da garemos mimarT jansaRi damokidebulebis ganviTarebas

(96.7%); patriotizmis aRzrdas (96.7%); zogad sakacobrio Rirebulebebis

Camoyalibebas da gaziarebas (86.7%);

rogorc Cans, maswavleblebis didi umravlesoba eTanxmeba erTamaneTs imaSi,

Tu ras unda emsaxurebodes saxelmZRvanelo, Tumca maswavleblebis mier

pilotirebuli saxelmZRvanelos Sefasebisas pasuxebi araerTgvarovani iyo.

kiTxvaze, Tu ramdenad uwyobs xels pilotirebuli saxelmZRvanelo qvemoT

CamoTvlili Rirebulebebis ganviTarebas, gamoikveTa Semdegi tendenciebi:

istoriuli faqtebis aRqma, Sedareba da analizi _ 24.1%- saerTod ar

uwyobs xels/saSualod uwyobs xels. 73.4 % - sakmaod uwyobs

xels/sruliad uwyobs xels.

geografiuli movlenebis da procesebis gageba - 60.7 % -saerTod ar

uwyobs xels/sakmaod ar uwyobs xels/saSualod uwyobs xels; xolo 39.3%

- sakmaod an sruliad uwyobs xels.

sazogadoebisa da garemos mimarT jansaRi damokidebulebis ganviTarebas -

44.8 % saerTod ar uwyobs xels/sakmaod ar uwyobs xels/saSualod uwyobs

xels. xolo 53.4%^- ki sakmaod/an sruliad uwyobs xels.

patriotizmis aRzrda - 56.7% azriT saerTod ar uwyobs xels/sakmaod ar

uwyobs xels an saSualod uwyobs xels. xolo 43.4% azriT ki sakmaod

uwyobs xels an sruliad uwyobs xels.

zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebis Camoyalibeba da gaziareba – 50%-is azriT,

saerTod ar uwyobs xels/sakmaod ar uwyobs xels an saSualod uwyobs

xels, xolo 50 %-is azriT, sakmaod an sruliad uwyobs xels.

zemoT aRniSnulisgan gansxvavebiT,. maswavleblebis umravlesobis azriT

(90%), istoriis da geografiis cal-calke swavleba xels uwyobs im

Rirebulebebis ganviTarebas, rasac unda emsaxurebodes sazogadoebrivi

mecnierebebis swavleba skolaSi.

amrigad, gamoikveTa maswavleblebis didi umravlesobis uaryofiTi

damokidebuleba socialur mecnierebaTa integrirebuli swavlebisadmi.


154

2. moswavleebis Sedegebis kvleva

davalebebis saxeebi:

geografia '

geografiis davalebebi moicavda iseTi saazrovno operaciebis gazomvas,

rogoricaa erjeradi da mravaljeradi informaciis moZieba, zogadi

Sinaarsis gageba, interpretacia (klasifikacia) da interpretacia

(argumentacia);

TiToeuli davalebis damuSaveba xdeboda sxvadasxva meTodebiT. qvemoT

CamoTvlilia gamoyenebuli Sefasebis kriteriumebi.

erjeradi informaciis moZieba fasdeboda 1 an 0 quliT, sadac 1 niSnavs

swor pasuxs da 0 arawor pasuxs.

mravaljeradi informaciis moZiebis Sefaseba xdeboda specialurad

SemuSavebuli formulis gamoyenebiT da Semdgom xdeboda miRebuli

qulebisTvis intervalebis miniWeba.

zogadi Sinaarsis gagebis Sefaseba xdeboda 1 an 0 quliT, sadac 1 niSnavda

zogadi Sinaarsis swor gagebas, xolo 0 ki araswor gagebas.

interpretaciis (klasifikacia) Sefaseba xdeboda specialurad SemuSavebuli

formulis gamoyenebiT da Semdgom xdeboda miRebuli qulebisTvis

intervalebis miniWeba.

interpretaciis (argumentacia) Sefaseba xdeboda 4 balian skalaze, sadac

1 - niSnavda araswori subieqtis arCevas;

2 – pozicia argumentis gareSe;

3 – ori cnebis logikuri dakavSireba mizezSedegobrivad;

4- sami cnebis dakavSireba mizezSedegobrivad.

istoria

istoriis davalebebi moicavda iseTi saazrovno operaciebis gazomvas,

rogoricaa erTjeradi informaciis moZieba, zogadi Sinaarsis gageba,


155

teqstis interpretacia (avtoris ganzraxvis amocnoba teqstidan), Sedareba

(teqstSi mocemuli informaciis Sepirispireba da Sedareba);

zogadi Sinaarsis gageba, informaciis moZieba, teqstis interpretacia

xdeboda 1 an 0 quliT, sadac 1 niSnavda mocemuli amocanis sworad

Sesrulebas, xolo 0 ki araswor Sesrulebas.

Sedarebis Sefaseba xdeboda Semdegi saxiT:

0 - acdenili pasuxi;

1 - Sedareba araswori safuZveliT;

2 - calmxrivi daxasiaTeba an pozocia argumentis gareSe;

3 - adekvaturi, kriteriumis Sesabamisi informaciis moZieba orive

Sesadarebel obieqtze;

4 - informaciis moZiebis Semdeg daskvna- orive faqtis interpretacia.

samoqalaqo ganaTleba

samoqalaqo ganaTlebis sferoSi mocemuli davalebebi moicavda iseTi

saazrovno operaciebis gazomvas, rogoricaa zogadi Sinaarsis gageba,

informaciis moZieba, interpretacia (argumentacia: hipoTezis

damdasturebeli informaciis moZieba da mizezad warmodgena).

zogadi Sinaarsis gagebaze amocanebis da informaciis moZiebaze amocanebis

Sefaseba xdeboda 1 an O0 quliT, sadac 1 niSnavda mocemuli amocanis

sworad Sesrulebas, xolo 0 ki araswor Sesrulebas.

interpretaciis (argumentaciis) davalebebis Sefaseba xdeboda Semdegnairad:

2 qula - teqstSi warmodgenili erTi ZiriTadi mizezis gamoyofa;

1 qula - meorexarisxovani mizezis gamoyofa;

0 qula - pozicia argumentis gareSe.

integracia

integraciuli nawili moicavda Semdegi saxis davalebebs: teqstSi

informaciis moZieba, rukaze informaciis moZieba, marSrutis ageba

konkretul obieqtebs Soris, mxareebze (aRmosavleTi, dasavleTi, samxreTi,


156

CrdiloeTi) orientacia, interpretacia (argumentacia) da interpretacia

(klasifikacia).

teqstSi da rukaze informaciis moZiebis Sefaseba xdeboda 1 an O0 quliT,

sadac 1 niSnavda mocemuli amocanis sworad Sesrulebas, xolo 0 ki

araswor Sesrulebas.

davalebebi marSutis agebaze fasdeboda 2 quliT. Tu moswavle

daasaxelebda im obietebs, romelic or konkretul punqts Soris

marSrutze mdebareobda, igi miiRebda 2 qulas. obieqtebis usistemod

CamoTvlis SemTxvevaSi ki 0-s.

mxareebze orientacia fasdeboda 2 quliT, Tu moswavle obieqtebs

Camowerda aRmosavleTidan dasavleTisaken igi miiRebda 2 qulas. obieqtebis

usistemod CamoTvlis SemTxvevaSi ki 0-s.

interpretacia (klasifikaciis) Sefaseba xdeboda swori pasuxebis odenobiT.

rac ufro met swor pasuxs scemda mowafe, miT ufro maRal qulas iRebda.

interpretacia (argumentaciis) Sefaseba xdeboda 4 quliani skaliT, sadac

1 – subieqturi STabeWdileba;

2 – erTi maxasiaTeblis gamoyofa da ganzogadeba;

3 – ori cnebis logikuri dakavSireba mizezSedegobrivad;

4 - sami cnebis dakavSireba mizezSedegobrivad.

Sedegebis analizi:

geografiis davalebebi

zogadad, geografiis davalebebi saSualoze metad gauWirdaT moswavleebs

(U=74.05);

erTjeradi informaciis moZiebaze davaleba Seasrula 149 moswavlem, aqedan

mxolod 81 moswavle iyo warmatebuli. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom informaciis


157

moZiebaze davaleba geografiaSi iyo saSualo sirTulis (sirTulis

koeficienti U=45.64), radganac mTeli moswavleebis mxolod 54,36%

SesZlo misi Sesruleba.

mravaljeradi informaciis moZiebaze davaleba Seasrula 136 moswavlem,

aqedan warmatebuli iyo mxolod 20 moswavle, anu 14.71 %. es miuTiTebs,

rom aRniSnuli davaleba sakmaod rTuli iyo (U= 85.29);

zogadi Sinaarsis gagebaze davaleba Seasrula 285 moswavlem, aqedan

mxolod 84 moswavlem anu mTeli moswavleebis 29.47 % ma Seasrula

warmatebiT. es davalebac sakmaod rTuli iyos maTTvis (U=70.53).

davaleba interpretaciaze (klasifikaciaze) 285 moswavlidan mxolod 15 ma

(5 %) gaakeTa warmatebiT. geografiis davalebebSi es davaleba yvelaze

rTuli iyo (U=94.74);

davaleba interpretaciaze (argumentaciaze) 285 moswavlidan mxolod 19 ma

(6.67 %) Seasrula warmatebiT. geografiis davalebebSi es davaleba

klasifikaciis davalebasTan erTad yvelaze rTuli iyo (U=93.33); ixileT

diagramebi #1 da #2;

diagrama #1 geografiis davalebebis Sesruleba moswavleebis mier


158

29,8

16,514

17,515,4

6,7

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

gamotova

araswori pasuxi

araswori subieqt

i

pozicia argumen

tis

gareSe

oricnebis kavS

iri

sami

cneb

is kavS

iri

diagrama #2: interpretacia (argumentacia) geografiaSi: davalebis

Sesrulebis doneebi

istoriis davalebebi

zogadad, istoriis davalebebi yvalaze naklebad gauWirdaT moswavleebs,

geografiis, samoqalaqo da integraciul davalebebTan SedarebiT (U=41.42);

zogadi Sinaarsis moZiebaze moswavleebs miecaT ori tipis davaleba. aqedan,

erTi davaleba moswavleebma Sesarules SedarebiT ufro warmatebulad,

vidre meore. warumateblobis mizezebi nawilobriv ganpirobebuli testis

SinaarsSi daSvebuli SecdomiT (erTi sityva aklda teqstis saTaurs);

I davaleba zogadi Sinaarsis gagebaze 36.84 % ma (285 dan 105 ma

moswavlem) gaakeTa warmatebiT (U=63.16), xolo meore davaleba Sinaarsis


159

gagebaze 80.54% (149 moswavlidan 120)-ma gaakeTa warmatebiT anu didma

umravlesobam. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es ukanaskneli davaleba sakmaod

gauadvildaT moswavleebs (U=19.46);

erTjeradi informaciis moZiebaze davaleba 285 moswavlidan 174 moswavlem

Seasrula warmatebiT anu 61.05 % ma. am davalebis sirTulis koeficientia

U=38.95;

interpretaciaze davaleba saSualod gauWirdaT moswavleebs. kerZod, 136 i

moswavlidan 76 ma gaarTva warmatebiT Tavi am davalebis Sesrulebas anu

55.88 % ma. es davaleba SeiZleba maTTvis CaiTvalos, rogorc saSualo

sirTulis davaleba (U=44.12);

Sedarebaze davalebebi Zalian gauWirdaT moswavleebs. kerZod, mTeli

moswavleebis mxolod 3.16% ma SesZlo am davalebis warmatebiT Sesruleba

(285 moswavlidan mxolod 9 moswavlem). amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es

davaleba iyo yvelaze rTuli (U=96.84); ixileT diagramebi: #3 da #4;

diagrama #3 istoriis davalebebis Sesruleba moswavleebis mier


160

diagrama #4: interpretacia (argumentacia) istoriaSi:

davalebis Sesrulebis doneebi

davalebebi samoqalaqo sferodan

zogadad, samoqalaqo sferodan mocemuli davalebebi saSualod gauWirdaT

moswavleebs (U=53.80);

samoqalaqo sferoSi mocemuli iyo zogadi Sinaarsis gagebaze ori davaleba.

orive davaleba moswavleebisaTvis aRmoCnda saSualo sirTulis (U=59.30;U=69.82). I SemTxvevaSi 285 moswavlidan 116-ma SesZlo am tipis amocanis

Sesruleba anu 40.70% ma, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi 285 moswavlidan 86-ma

SesZlo misi Sesruleba anu 30.18%-ma.


161

informaciis moZiebaze davalebebi istoriaSi moswavleebisaTvis yvelaze

ufro advili aRmoCnda (U=32.28). kerZod, mTeli moswavleebis 67.72% ma

warmatebiT SesZlo am tipis davalebis Sesruleba (285 moswavlidan 193-ma)

argumentacia-ze davalebebi Zalian gauWirdaT moswavleebs (U=97.54). 285 moswavlidan mxolod 7-ma SesZlo am tipis amocanis Sesruleba anu

2.46%ma. ixileT diagramebi: #5 da #6;

diagrama #5 samoqalaqo sferodan davalebebis Sesruleba moswavleebis

mier


162

28,1

6,7 6

10,9

18,2

13,3

9,16

1,80

5

10

15

20

25

30

gamo

tova

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

diagrama #6: interpretacia (argumentacia) samoqalaqo ganaTlebaSi:

davalebis Sesrulebis doneebi

integraciuli davalebebi

am davalebebSi gaerTianebuli iyo iseTi davalebebi, romelic moiTxovda

yvela zemoTdasaxelebuli sagnebidan sxvadsxva unar-Cvevebis da codnis

erTdroul gamoyenebas.

teqstSi informaciis moZiebaze davalebebi warmatebiT gaakeTa 38.30% ma

(141 moswavlidan 55ma). xolo rukaze informaciis moZieba warmatebiT

mxolod 27.37% ma gaakeTa (285 moswavlidan 77ma). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

moswavleebs gacilebiT gauWirada^rukaze inforomaciis moZieba (U=72.98), vidre teqstSi informaciis moZieba (U=60.99).

moswavleebis 21.53% ma SesZlo or konkretul obieqts Soris marSrutis

ageba (144 dan 31 ma).

marSutis agebisgan gansxvavebiT moswavleebs mniSvnelovnad gauWirdaT

mxareebze orientaciis davalebis Sesruleba. mxolod 7,80%-ma daalaga


163

obieqtebi aRmosavleTidan dasavleTisaken (U=92.29). saSualoebs Soris

gansxvaveba aris statistikurad mniSvnelovani. es miuTiTebs, imaze rom

moswavleebisTvis mxare aris abstraqtuli cneba, romelic ar aris

dakavSirebuli konkretul SinaarsTan. axali saswavlo gegma iTvaliswinebs

dawyebiT klasebSi mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis Catarebas: aRmosavleT

dasavleTis konkretul niSnebTan da pirovnul gamocdilebasTan

dakavSirebas. aseTi winapirobis gareSe moswavle ver Zlevs mxareze

orientaciis davalebas.

integrirebul masalaze interpretaciis (argumentacia da klasifikacia)

davalebebis (U=97.22, U=98.29) Sesruleba aseve gauWirdaT moswavleebs.

argumentaciis davalebas 2.78% ma (144 moswavlidan 4-ma) da klasifikaciis

davalebas mxolod 1.42% ma gaarTva warmatebiT Tavi.

zogadad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom integraciis davalebebi yvelaze metad

gauWirdaT moswavleebs (U=79.85); ixileT diagramebi: #7 da #8;

diagrama #7: integraciis davalebebis Sesruleba moswavleebis mier


164

38,3

11,35

29,08

14,89

5,67 2,8405

10152025303540

gamotova

araswori pa

suxi

subieqt

uri STabeWdil

eba

erTi maxasiaTebel

i

ori cneb

is kavS

iri

sami

cnebis

kavSiri

diagrama #8: interpretacia (argumentacia) integrirebulSi: davalebis

Sesrulebis doneebi

amrigad, sirTulis mixedviT yvelaze ufro rTuli aRmoCnda integraciuli

davalebebi, Semdeg geografiis, Semdeg samoqalaqo da bolos, istoriis

davalebebi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom integraciuli davalebebi yvelaze metad

gauWirdaT moswavleebs. mxolod istoriis davalebebi aRmoCnda SedarebiT

martivi moswavleebisaTvis. es SeiZleba imiT iyos ganpirobebuli, rom

istoriis, geografiis da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis integrirebul

saxelmZRvanelos ZiriTadad aswavlidnen istorikosebi. aseve, ZiriTadi dro

eTmoboda swored istoriis gacnobas. maswavleblebis umravlesobam aRniSna,

rom geografiis swavlebisaTvis ar iyo sakmarisi saaTebi da moswavleebi

ver aswrebdnen programiT gaTvaliswinebuli Temebis swavlas (ixileT

mawavleblebis kvleva). aRmoCnda rom, moswavleebi ver axdenen maRal

SemecnebiTi kognituri procesebis dauflebas. imis miuxedavad, Tu romeli

sferodan iyo es davaleba, moswavleebs gauWirdaT iseTi davalebebis

Sesruleba, romelic moiTxovda maRali rigis kognituri unarebis

gamoyenebas (rogoricaa, argumentacia, Sedareba). es miuTiTebs imaze, rom

maT ara aqvT ra saTanadod gaTavisebuli ufro dabali donis unarebi, ver


165

axdenen maRal doneze asvlas, TavianTi unarebis transfers erTi sagnidan

meoreze.

diagrama #9: geografiis, istoriis, samoqalaqo ganaTlebis da

integraciuli davalebebis reitingi sirTulis mixedviT.

mniSvnelovani korelaciebi sxvadasxva sagnebis davlebebis Sesrulebas

Soris

aRmoCnda, rom elementaruli operaciebis (informaciis moZieba da zogadi

Sinaarsis gageba) Sesruleba istoriuli Sinaarsis teqstebze yvelaze

naklebad gauWirdaT moswavleebs (61%). Tumca, es ar aRmoCnda kavSirSi

analogiur operaciebTan sxva tipis teqstebze, rac imas niSnavs, rom

moswavleebma gaivarjiSes da ganimtkices es operaciebi mxolod istoriul

teqstebSi, magram ver axdenen mis gadatanas sxva Sinaarsebze (savaraudod

saxelmZRvanelos zegavlena);

samagierod, mniSvnelovani kavSirebi aRmoCnda geografiis da samoqalaqo

ganaTlebis elementarul operaciebs Soris. kerZod, samoqalaqo ganaTlebis

sferoSi davaleba informaciis moZiebaze dadebiT kavSirSia geografiis

sferodan msgavsi tipis davalebasTan (r=0,22, p < 0.05); es niSnavs imas,

rom moswavleebi, romlebic warmatebiT arTmeven Tavs informaciis moZiebaze


166

davalebas samoqalaqo sferoSi, geografiaSi SeuZliaT msgavsi tipis

davalebis warmatebiT Sesruleba. Tumca, aseTi moswavleebis raodenoba

sakmaod mcirea, daaxloebiT 30%; rac miuTiTebs imaze, rom es Sedegi aris

TavisTavadi da masze saswavlo procesis zegavlena minimaluria.

rTuli operaciebis daufleba uWirT moswavleebs, gansakuTrebiT es exeba

geografiul, samoqalaqo da integraciul masalas. moswavleebi, romlebic

warmatebiT arTmeven Tavs interpretaciis (argumentacia) integraciul

davalebas, isini warmatebiT arTmeven Tavs interpretaciis (klasifikacia)

davalebas geografiis sferodan (r=0,38, p < 0.01); interpretacia (Sedareba)

davalebas istoriidan (r=0,24, p < 0.05); da interpretaciis (argumentacia)

davalebas samoqalaqo sferodan (r=0,22, p < 0.05); aseTi moswavleebis

raodenoba daaxloebiT 3% s Seadgens. es miuTiTebs imaze, rom maRal

Sedegs moswavleebi mxolod TavianTi inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebiT

aRweven da saswavlo procesis zegavlena aqac minimaluria.

informaciis moZieba rukaze - integraciuli davaleba dadebiTad

ukavSirdeba marSutis agebis davalebas (r=0,2, p < 0.05; r=0,19, p < 0.05);

informaciis moZiebas geografiaSi (r=0,25, p < 0.05), interpretacias

(klasifikacia) geografiaSi (r=0,23, p < 0.01); swori marSutis ageba – integraciuli davaleba aseve dadebiTad

ukavSirdeba geografiaSi zogadi Sinaarsis gagebas (r=0,21, p < 0.05),

geografiaSi interpretacias (klasifikacia) r=0,36, p < 0.01); Sedarebas

geografiaSi (r=0,28, p < 0.01); integraciis informaciis moZiebas rukaze

(r=0,2, p < 0.05) da marSutis agebis meore davalebas (integraciis

davaleba) r=0,78, p < 0.01); samoqalaqos interpretaciis davalebas (r=0,22, p < 0.05).

es kavSirebi imaze miuTiTebs, rom am unaris gavarjiSeba xdeba ZiriTadad

geografiaSi Teoriuli codnis dagrovebasTan erTad. xolo is faqti, rom

moswavleTa daaxloebiT 12% axerxebs swori (umoklesi) marSutis agebas,

SesaZloa mianiSnebs imaze, rom es Sedegi aseve ganpirobebulia moswavleTa

momzadebiT wina klasebSi da saxelmZRvanelos TaviseburebiT. I–VI klasamde

moswavleebs asakis Sesabamisad ar miewodebaT ZiriTadi geografiuli


167

cnebebi da ar aris aqcenti sivrceSi orientaciis unaris ganviTarebaze

(asakobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT), rac, TavisTavad, arTulebs

maRal klasebSi sivrciTi operaciebis Sesrulebas. aseve, meSvide klasis

saxelmZRvaneloSi naklebi aqcentia gakeTebuli unarebis ganviTarebaze da

metwilad dro eTmoba ZiriTadi geografiuli cnebebis moswavleebisaTvis

gacnobas. amitom unaris transferi ZiriTadad damokidebulia

maswavlebelze, ramdenad akeTebs igi aqcents swavlis swavlaze, saswavlo

procesis gacnobierebaze.

amrigad, rogorc zemoT mocemuli kavSirebi miuTiTebs, rac ufro rTuli

davalebaa Sesasrulebeli, miT ufro metad aris saWiro sxvadasxva sagnebSi

naswavli da dauflebuli unar-Cvevebis transferi. magaliTad,

integraciuli davalebis Sesruleba moiTxovs sxva sferoebidan miRebuli

dabali da maRali donis SemecnebiTi operaciebis gamoyenebas. aseve,

sxvadasxva sagnebSi mocemuli msgavsi tipis amocanebis Sesruleba moiTxovs

unarebis transfers erTi sagnidan meoreSi. rogorc miRebuli monacemebidan

Cans, moswavleebis mxolod mcire odenobas (3-5%) SeuZlia amis gakeTeba.

gansxvavebebi moswavleebis mier davalebebis SesrulebaSi sxvadasxva

skolebis mixedviT

am gansxvavebebis gamosavlenad gamoviyeneT dispersiuli analizis meTodi.

amiT SeaZlebeli gaxda, rom gvenaxa, Tu ramdenad statistikurad

mniSvnelovanad gansxvavdebian sxvadasxva skolis moswavleebi erTmaneTisgan.

samoqalaqos informaciis moZiebis davalebis Sesruleba

samoqalaqos informaciis moZiebis davalebis Sesruleba mniSvnelovnad

gansxvavdeba skolebis mixedviT (F=2,07, p<0.01); kerZod, 33, 68, 71, 75, 90 skolebis moswavleebi gacilebiT ukeT arTmeven Tavs am tipis amocanis

Sesrulebas, vidre 4, 54, 79, 81, 82 skolis moswavleebi.


168

interpretaciis (argumentacia) integraciuli davalebis Sesruleba

interpretaciis (argumentacia) integraciuli davalebis Sesruleba aseve

mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba skolebis mixedviT (F=1,97, p<0.02); kerZod,

skola 4, 62, 64 is moswavleebi gacilebiT uaresad asruleben am tipis

davalebas, vidre 19 skolis moswavleebi;

informaciis moZieba rukaze integraciuli davalebis Sesruleba

informaciis moZieba rukaze integraciuli davalebis Sesruleba aseve

mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba skolebis mixedviT (F=2,48, p<0.01); kerZod,

skola 4, 12, 55, 62 is moswavleebi gacilebiT uaresad asruleben am tipis

davalebas, vidre 19, 65, 95 skolis moswavleebi;

marSutis ageba - integraciuli davalebis Sesruleba

marSutis ageba - integraciuli davalebis Sesruleba aseve mniSvnelovnad

gansxvavdeba skolebis mixedviT (F=1,97, p<0.02); kerZod, skola 4, 12, 55,

62, 64, 65, 68, 90 is moswavleebi gacilebiT uaresad asruleben am tipis

davalebas, vidre 54 skolis moswavleebi.

amrigad, mocemuli davalebis Sesrulebis mixedviT garkveuli skolebi

marTlac ufro uaryofiT Sedegebs iZlevian. es exeba rogorc elementarul,

aseve maRali donis SemecnebiTi operaciebis Semcvel davalebebs.

skolis

kodebi

informaciis

moZieba

samoqalaqo

interpretacia

argumentacia

integracia

infomaciis

moZieba

rukaze

integracia

marSutis

ageba

integracia

4

12

19

33

42

54

55

62

64


169

65

68

71

75

79

81

82

90

95

dabali Sedegebi maRali Sedegebi

Tumca es gansxvavebebi ar aris aRmoCnda damokidebuli maswavleblis

kvalifikaciis doneze. kerZod, maswavleblis kvalifikacia fasdeboda

trenerebis SefasebiT da "maswavleblis dRiurebis" analiziT. es

ukanaskneli iZleva imis SesaZleblobas, rom gairkves maswavleblis rogorc

sagnobrivi codna, aseve swavlebis Tanamedrove midgomebis codna. miRebuli

monacemebi miuTiTebs, rom maswavleblebs Soris ar aris mniSvnelovani

gansxvaveba kvalifikaciis mixedviT. amitom, moswavlis warmatebebi

sxvadasxva skolaSi ar aris damokidebuli maswavleblis kvalifikaciaze.

daskvna:

kvlevis Sedegebi gvaZlevs imis safuZvels, rom gavakeToT Semdegi daskvnebi:

a) moswavlis mier sxvadasxva saazrovno operaciebis dauflebasTan

dakavSirebiT:

moswavleebi ufro warmatebulebi arian elementaruli operaciebis

dauflebaSi (informaciis moZieba da zogadi Sinaarsis gageba)

istoriul Sinaarsebze operirebisas. es aris istoriis saxelmZRvanelos

damsaxureba. xolo rTuli operaciebis daufleba uWirT moswavleebs,

radganac ar arian sakmarisad momzadebulebi wina klasebSi.


170

b) saazrovno operaciebis kavSiri sagnis SinaarsTan

erT Sinaarsze gavarjiSebuli operaciebis warmatebiT gadatana-

ganvrcoba sxva sagansa da Sinaarsze SeZles mxolod calkeulma

moswavleebma, rac maTi individualuri damsaxurebaa da ara saswavlo

procesis (saxelmZRvanelo da maswavlebeli);

g) integracia: sami sxvadasxva saxis informaciis moZieba da

gaTvaliswineba saazrovno operaciebSi.

integraciis operaciebis waramatebiT Sesruleba SesZles mxolod

calkeulma moswavleebma. umravlesobisaTvis es davaleba Zalian rTuli

aRmoCnda, radgan maT ara aqvT ufro dabali ierarqiuli donis

operaciebi saTanadod ganvrcobil-gadatanili samive Sinaarsze, amitom

bunebrivad ferxdeba ufro rTuli operaciis Sesruleba.

saxelmZRvanelos da maswavleblis wvlili moswavlis mier

integrirebuli amocanebis gadaWraSi minimaluria. es gamowveulia imiT,

rom maswavleblebs ar SeuZliaT gaacnobieron integrirebuli swavlebis

problemebi. es gamoCnda maTi interviuebidan. cota winaaRmdegobrivia

maswavleblebis azri, romlis mixedviT maswavleblebis 56.7 %-s ar

gasWirvebia integrirebuli swavleba. 43.3 %-s ki gauWirda

integrirebuli swavleba. aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom maswavleblebs,

romelTac ar gauWirdaT integrirebuli swavleba, principSi arc

miiCneven, rom isini aswavlidnen integrirebulad. aramed TiToeuli

maswavlebeli Tavis nawils aswavlida e.w. “integrirebuli

saxelmZRvanelodan”;

is maswavleblebi, romlebsac gauWirdaT integrirebuli swavleba,

miuTiTebdnen, rom maT ZiriTadad gauWirdaT erTi Temis sxvadasxva

sagnobriv WrilSi ganxilva (46.7%).


171

maswavleblebisaTvis integracia niSnavs saganTa Soris Tematur kavSirs,

rac aris sakmaod rTuli amocana adamianis SemecnebiTi operaciebis

aqtivaciis TvalsazrisiT. am process xels uwyobs mis safuZvlad

mdebare elementaruli operaciebis transferi sxvadasxva Sinaarsebze,

romlis aucileblobac ar aris gacnobierebuli pedagogebisa da

saxelmZRvanelos avtorebis mier.

rekomendaciebi saxelmZRvanelos avtorebisaTvis:

1. jerovani yuradReba daeTmos elementaruli operaciebis gavarjiSebas

da gadatanas erTi Sinaarsidan meoreze.

2. swavlis swavlas miqces gansakuTrebuli yuradReba, raTa davexmaroT

moswavles saswavlo procesis gacnobierebaSi da dagegmvaSi.

3. maswavleblis wignSi gansakuTrebuli adgili daeTmos Tematuri

kavSirebis warmoCenas.

rekomendaciebi trening programisTvis:

1. Caematos treining-programaSi specialuri bloki, romelic

daexmareba maswavlebels transferis teqnikis aTvisebaSi.

2. gamaxvildes yuradReba Tematuri kavSirebis gamoyofisa da

interpretaciis teqnikis aTvisebaze.

fasilitatorebis kvleva

172

4.10. kvlevis dasaxeleba: fasilitatorebis kvleva

kvlevis mizani: sapilote skolebis maswavleblebis reitingebis dadgena

maTi fasilitatorebad (TanasworTa maswavleblebad) arCevis mizniT.

sakvlevi faqtorebi:

trenerebis mier maswavleblTa mimdinare Sefasebis Sefaseba;

trenerebis mier mawavlebelTa Semajamebeli Sefasebis Sefaseba;

maswavleblebis TanamSromlobis unaris Sefaseba;

simulaciuri davalebis efeqtianobis Sefaseba.

Catarebis dro: 2006 wlis ivlisi.

kvlevis meTodi: maswavleblis kiTxvari da simulaciuri TamaSis

dakvirveba.

kvlevis obieqti: kvlevaSi monawileoba miiRo I, VII da X klasis 434

maswavlebelma 95 sxvadasxva skolidan baTumis, zugdidis, quTaisis,

axalcixis, Tbilisis, goris da gurjaanis centrebidan. ix. qvemoT

mocemuli cxrilebi.

kvlevis Sedegebi:

maswavlebelTa gamocdileba

1. mimdinare Sefaseba

maswavleblebis mier yvelaze xSirad gamoyenebuli mimdinare Sefasebis

formebia sakuTar bloknotSi Canawerebi da maT mier Sedgenili cxrilebi,

da, aseve, Sefaseba sxvadasxva komponentebis mixedviT e.w “namcxvris

nawilebi”. Sefasebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli obieqtebia: prezentacia,

saSinao davaleba da jgufSi CarTuloba/aqtiuroba. gamokiTxuli


173

maswavleblebis mier gamoyenebuli mimdinare Sefasebis formebi da obieqtebi

mocemulia qvemoT mocemul cxrilebSi #1 da #2:

cxrili #1:

gamoyenebuli mimdinare Sefasebis formebi sixSireebi

sakuTar bloknotSi Canawerebi 113

sakuTari Sedgenili cxrilebi 90

"namcxvris nawilebi" 85

cxrilebi (treningis da proeqtis) 72

dakvirveba 70

portfolio 66

TviT-Sefaseba 61

saskolo Jurnalebi 30

pirobiTi niSnebi 19

urTierTSefaseba 19

saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli formebi 17

dRiuris Canawerebi 3

cxrili #2:

mimdinare Sefasebis obieqtebi sixSireebi

prezentacia 137

saSinao davaleba 90

jgufSi CarTuloba/ aqtiuroba 73

weriTi davalebebi/namuSevrebi 65

azrovneba/msjeloba 49

kiTxvebze pasuxi 43

praqtikuli muSaoba 26

jgufuri muSaoba 24

damoukidebeli muSaoba 12

SemoqmedebiToba 8

Semajamebeli samuSaoebi 8

laparaki 4

cdebis Sesruleba 2

kiTxva 2

mosmena 1


174

sagnobrivad da asakobrivad maswavleblebi iyeneben Sefasebis gansxavavebul

formebs, aseve is, Tu ra fasdeba, gansxvavebulia sagnebis mixedviT dawyebiT

da ufros klasebSi. sainteresoa, rom maTematikis maswavleblebma

gacilebiT iSviaTad Seafases moswavlis azrovneba/msjeloba, vidre

xelovnebis da musikis maswavleblebma.

qvemoT mocemulia mimdinare Sefasebebi sagnobrivad da sxvadasxva asakobriv

jgufebSi (ixileT qvemoT mocemuli cxrilebi):

mimdinare Sefaseba sagnobrivad

qarTuli

cxrili #3:

gamoyenebuli mimdinare Sefasebis formebi –

qarTuli ena sixSireebi



TviT-Sefaseba 10

dakvirveba 8



portfolio 5

saskolo Jurnalebi 4

urTierTSefaseba 3

pirobiTi niSnebi 1


cxrili #4:

mimdinare Sefasebis obieqtebi – qarTuli ena sixSireebi


prezentacia 9


saSinao davaleba 4


jgufuri muSaoba 2

SemoqmedebiToba 2

kiTxvebze pasuxi 1

damoukidbeli muSaoba 1


175

maTematika

cxrili #5: gamoyenebuli mimdinare Sefasebis

formebi: maTematika

sixSireebi




portfolio 7

TviT-Sefaseba 7


dakvirveba 2

urTierTSefaseba 1


cxrili #6: mimdinare Sefasebis obieqtebi:

maTematika

sixSireebi

saSinao davaleba 12


prezentacia 7


kiTxvebze pasuxi 3



jgufuri muSaoba 1



176

musika da xelovneba

cxrili #7

gamoyenebuli mimdinare Sefasebis formebi:

musika da xelovneba

sixSireebi




dakvirveba 10


portfolio 8

TviT-Sefaseba 6

urTierTSefaseba 2

saskolo Jurnalebi 1

pirobiTi niSnebi 1


cxrili #8:

mimdinare Sefasebis obieqtebi: musika da

xelovneba

sixSireebi

prezentacia 24




saSinao davaleba 2


kiTxvebze pasuxi 4

damoukidbeli muSaoba 3

jgufuri muSaoba 2

SemoqmedebiToba 1


177

istoria, geografia, samoqalaqo ganaTleba


formebi: sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebi

sixSireebi





portfolio 13

dakvirveba 12


TviT-Sefaseba 9

urTierTSefaseba 3


pirobiTi niSnebi 1

cxrili #10 mimdinare Sefasebis obieqtebi:

sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebi

sixSireebi

prezentacia 33


saSinao davaleba 22



kiTxvebze pasuxi 10


jgufuri muSaoba 5

SemoqmedebiToba 4




178

fizika, qimia, biologia


formebi: sabunebsimetyvelo mecnierebebi

sixSireebi





dakvirveba 17

TviT-Sefaseba 14

portfolio 13


urTierTSefaseba 4

saskolo Jurnalebi 3


pirobiTi niSnebi 1


sabunebsimetyvelo mecnierebebi

sixSireebi

prezentacia 39

saSinao davaleba 31


kiTxvebze pasuxi 12


jgufuri muSaoba 6





cdebis Sesruleba 2

SemoqmedebiToba 1


179

ucxo enebi


formebi: ucxo ena

sixSireebi



portfolio 20


dakvirveba 12



TviT-Sefaseba 7


urTierTSefaseba 3



ucxo ena

sixSireebi

prezentacia 25

saSinao davaleba 18



kiTxvebze pasuxi 7


jgufuri muSaoba 4

laparaki 4

kiTxva 2


mosmena 1




180

mimdinare Sefaseba I da ufros klasebSi

I klasebSi


formebi: I klasi

sixSireebi

pirobiTi niSnebi 15

dakvirveba 8


TviT-Sefaseba 7


urTierTSefaseba 3

saskolo Jurnalebi 1


cxrili #16: mimdinare Sefasebis obieqtebi: I

klasi

sixSireebi


kiTxvebze pasuxi 6


jgufuri muSaoba 4


saSinao davaleba 1

ufrosklaselebSi (7-10)


formebi: ufrosi klasebi

sixSireebi





portfolio 65

dakvirveba 61

TviT-Sefaseba 53



urTierTSefaseba 16

pirobiTi niSnebi 3



181


ufrosi klasebi

sixSireebi

prezentacia 137

saSinao davaleba 89




kiTxvebze pasuxi 37


jgufuri muSaoba 20


SemoqmedebiToba 8


laparaki 4

cdebis Sesruleba 2

kiTxva 2

mosmena 1

trenerebis mier maswavlebelTa mimdinare Sefasebis Sefaseba

maswavlebelTa umravlesobam (79.2%) warmoadgina maTi mimdinare Sefasebis

damadasturebeli dokumentacia. dokumentaciis ar warmodgenis mizezebi iyo

remonti, dokumentaciis dakargva an adgilze ar qona. damkvirvebelTa

Sefasebebi ufro maRali iyo im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac dokumentacia iyo

warmodgenili. ZiriTadad maswavlebelTa umravlesobam (74.5%) miiRo

maRali Sefasebebi.

2. Semajamebeli Sefaseba

mimdinare Sefasebis msgavsad, Semajamebeli Sefasebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli

formebia: sakuTari Sedgenili cxrilebi da e. w. “namcxvris nawilebi”.

xolo yvelze gavrcelebuli Sefasebis aqtivobebia: testi, zepiri

prezentacia da weriTi prezentacia (ixileT cxrilebi #19 da #20).


182

formebi

cxrili #19: Semajamebeli Sefasebis formebi sixSireebi



rubrikebi 33

treiningis saxelmZRvanelodan amoRebuli

cxrilebi

30

proeqtis cxrilebi 9

binulis cxrilebi 3

portfolio 1

konceptualuri ruqebi 1

aqtivobebi

cxrili #20: Semajamebeli SefasebisTvis

aqtivobebi

sixSireebi

testi 93

zepiri prezentacia 54

weriTi prezentacia 49

sakontrolo 28

kiTxvebze pasuxi 19

proeqti 5

CarTuloba 5

saSinao davaleba 4

jgufuri muSaoba 1

qvemoT mocemul cxrilebSi ixileT Semajamebeli Sefasebebis ganawileba

sxvadasxva sagnobrivi jgufebis mixedviT da dabal da maRal klasebSi:


183

Semajamebeli Sefasebebi sagnobrivad

qarTuli

cxrili #21: Semajamebeli Sefasebis formebi:

qarTuli ena

sixSireebi



rubrikebi 3


cxrilebi

3

proeqtis cxrilebi 2

cxrili #22: aqtivobebi: qarTuli ena sixSireebi

testi 8



sakontrolo 5

kiTxvebze pasuxi 2

CarTuloba 1

maTematika


maTematika

sixSireebi


rubrikebi 3



cxrilebi

2

proeqtis cxrilebi 2

cxrili #24: aqtivobebi: maTematika sixSireebi

testi 6

sakontrolo 6


proeqti 2

CarTuloba 1


saSinao davaleba 1

jgufuri muSaoba 1


184

musika, xelovneba


musika da xelovneba

sixSireebi



cxrilebi

8


rubrikebi 3

proeqtis cxrilebi 1

cxrili #26: aqtivobebi: musika da xelovneba sixSireebi


testi 7


kiTxvebze pasuxi 3

CarTuloba 2

saSinao davaleba 1

istoria, geografia, samoqalaqo

cxrili #27 Semajamebeli Sefasebis formebi:

sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebi

sixSireebi




cxrilebi

7

rubrikebi 4

proeqtis cxrilebi 2

cxrili #28: aqtivobebi: sazogadoebrivi

mecnierebebi

sixSireebi

testi 23



kiTxvebze pasuxi 7

sakontrolo 2

proeqti 1

CarTuloba 1


185

fizika, qimia, biologia


sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebi

sixSireebi


rubrikebi 13



cxrilebi

4

proeqtis cxrilebi 1

binulis cxrilebi 1


cxrili #30: aqtivobebi: sabunebismetyvelo

mecnierebebi

sixSireebi

testi 25



sakontrolo 7

kiTxvebze pasuxi 3

proeqti 2

ucxo enebi


ucxo enebi

sixSireebi



rubrikebi 6


cxrilebi

6

proeqtis cxrilebi 1

binulis cxrilebi 1

portfolio 1


186

cxrili #32: aqtivobebi: ucxo enebi sixSireebi

testi 21



sakontrolo 7

kiTxvebze pasuxi 4

saSinao davaleba 2

Semajamebeli Sefaseba I da ufros klasebSi

I klasebSi


I klasi

sixSireebi



rubrikebi 1

binulis cxrilebi 1

cxrili #34: Semajamebeli aqtivobebi: I klasi sixSireebi

testi 3

sakontrolo 1

ufros klasebSi (7-10)


ufrosi klasebi

sixSireebi



rubrikebi 32


cxrilebi

29

proeqtis cxrilebi 9

binulis cxrilebi 2

portfolio 1



187

cxrili #36: Semajamebeli aqtivobebi: ufrosi

klasebi

sixSireebi

testi 90



sakontrolo 27

kiTxvebze pasuxi 19

proeqti 5

CarTuloba 5

saSinao davaleba 4

jgufuri muSaoba 1

trenerebis mier maswavlebelTa Semajamebeli Sefasebis Sefaseba

maswavlebelTa umravlesobam (68.2%) warmoadgina maTi Semajamebeli

Sefasebis damadasturebeli dokumentacia. dokumentaciis ar warmodgenis

mizezebi iyo remonti, dokumentaciis dakargva an adgilze ar qona.

damkvirvebelTa Sefasebebi ufro maRali iyo im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac

dokumentacia iyo warmodgenili.

sabolood unda aRiniSnos, rom damkvirveblebma ZiriTadad dadebiTi Sefase-

bebi misces maswavleblebis mier warmodgenil Semajamebel Sefasebebs

(73.3%).

3. maswavlebelTa TanamSromloba

maswavleblebis TanamSromloba umravleses SemTxvevaSi (70.7%) dadebiTad

Sefasda damkvirveblebis (trenerebis) mier.

maswavlebelTa gamocdilebis gaziarebis formebi

maswavleblebis mier simulaciuri davalebis Sesruleba damkvirveblebis

mier Sefasda Semdegnairad:

Sedgenili gegma Sefasda imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad iyo realuri

(miRwevadi), msmenelze orientirebuli, pozitiuri, gansazRvruli (mkafio),

da gamarTlebuli.

aseve, maswavleblebs (jgufidan erTi waradgenda) moeTxovebodaT sakuTari

gegmis warmodgena leqciis, SemTxvevis an diskusiis formiT (TviTon

irCevdnen).


188

leqciis Sefasebis kriteriumebad gamoiyo leqciis struqtura, informaciis

sicxade da dinamiuri Txroba.

SemTxveva Sefasda Semdegi kriteriumebiT: instruqciis sicxade, informaciis

sicxade da daskvnebis Sejameba.

xolo diskusia Sefasda Semdegi kriteriumebiT: miznis, Temisa da

mimarTulebis gansazRvra, drois limitis gansazRvra, Ria kiTxvebis dasma,

diskusiis marTva da daskvnebis Sejameba.

monacemebis damuSavebis Sedegad gamoikveTa, rom damkvirveblebi ZiriTadad

dadebiTad afasebdnen maswavleblebs.

314 maswavlebelma Seadgina gegma, romelic 76.8% is SemTxvevaSi iyo

realuri, 71.4 % is SemTxvevaSi iyo msmenelze orientirebuli, 78% is

SemTxvevaSi iyo pozitiuri, 67.7 % is SemTxvevaSi iyo gansazRvruli da

74.4% is SemTxvevaSi iyo gamarTlebuli.

gegmis warsadgenad ZiriTadad airCies leqciis forma (154 SemTxveva).

romelic Sefasda 65% is SemTxvevaSi, rogorc kargad struqturirebuli,

67.6% is SemTxvevaSi miwodebuli iyo cxadi informacia da 58,2 % is

SemTxvevaSi SenarCunebuli iyo dinamiuri Txroba.

63-ma maswavlebelma airCia diskusiis gza. maswavleblebis 74.4% is mier

diskusiaSi kargad iyo gansazRvruli mizani, Tema da mimarTuleba, 58 % is

SemTxvevaSi drois limiti iyo gansazRvruli, 66.2% is SemTxvevaSi

Seicavda Ria kiTxvebis dasmas, 54.4 % is SemTxvevaSi dikusia kargad iyo

warmarTuli da 64% is SemTxvevaSi daskvnebi iyo kargad Sejamebuli.

xolo SemTxvevis meTodis SerCeva moxda 56 maswavleblis mier da

warimarTa sxva meTodebTan SedarebiT ufro efeqturad. 82.2 % is

SemTxvevaSi instruqcia iyo cxadi, 83.3% is SemTxvevaSi informacia iyo

cxadad miwodebuli da 73.6 %-is SemTxvevaSi ki daskvnebi iyo kargad

Sejamebuli.

daskvna: mimdinare da Semajamebeli Sefasebis safuZvelze, aseve dakvirvebis

da sxva dokumnetaciis Sefasebis safuZvelze, dadginda fasilitatorebis

(TanasworTa maswavleblebis) reitingebi (1.25 minimaluri qula da 3.25 iyo

maqsimaluri qula); maswavleblebis daaxloebiT 20.5 %-ma miiRo Zalian

kargi Sefaseba, 51.6 %-ma kargi Sefaseba, 25.1 %-ma - saSualo Sefaseba da

2.1 %ma ki - susti Sefaseba.

mocemulma kvelvam gamoavlina mimdinare da Semajamebeli Sefasebebis

naklovanebebi da Sefasebis sistemis daxvewis saWiroeba.

Sedegis Sefaseba mSobliur enasa da literaturaSi

189

5. danergvis kvleva: VII klasis moswavleTa Sedegis Sefaseba mSobliur enasa da literaturaSi

kvlevis dasaxeleba: VII klasis moswavleTa Sedegis Sefaseba mSobliur

enasa da literaturaSi erovnuli saswavlo gegmis danergvis pirvel

weliwads.

kvlevis mizani: mSobliur enasa da literaturaSi VII klasis

moswavleTa unar-Cvevebis dRevandeli mdgomareobis Sefaseba erovnuli

saswavlo gegmis (esg) gaTvaliswinebiT.

sakvlevi faqtorebi:mSobliuri enisa da literaturis eqspertTa mier SefasebisTvis SeirCa

standartis mimarTuleba - kkiTxva.

kvlevis miznebidan gamomdinare, kiTxvis mimarTulebiT standartSi

dadgenili indikatorebidan eqspertebTan muSaobis safuZvelze gamoiyo

moswavlis mier gamovlenili codnisa da unar-Cvevebis Sefasebis Semdegi

indikatorebi:

1. moswavles SeuZlia moiZios da amoicnos konkretuli informacia

teqstidan;

2. moswavles SeuZlia mTliani Sinaarsis gageba (ZiriTadi Tema, mTavari

personaJi, saTauri, mizani, auditoria);

3. moswavles SeuZlia teqstis analizi;

4. moswavles SeuZlia teqstis Sefaseba (sakuTari azris gamoxatva da misi

argumentireba).

kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis Sesafaseblad SeirCa 2 tipis teqsti: sainformacio

da mxatvruli (mcire moculobis moTxroba). momzadda testis ori

varianti, anu moculobis, leqsikis sirTulis, Tematikis TvalsazrisiT ori

erTgvarovani mxatvruli da sainformacio teqsti. (mxatvruli: r.

inaniSvilis “Citebis gamomzamTrebeli”, g. doCanaSvilis “mTis gadaRma”,

ori sainformacio teqsti mdinareebis Sesaxeb). moculobiTi da leqsikuri

sirTulis identurobis miRwevis mizniT teqstebi Semoklda da

adaptirebul iqna.


190

zemoT CamoTvlili oTxi indikatori SevadgineT esg-is moTxovnebis

gaTvaliswinebiT, kerZod:

I indikatori: mmoswavles SeuZlia moiZios da amoicnos konkretuli

informacia teqstidan - mxatvruli teqstis SemTxvevaSi gulisxmobda:

a). mxatvruli nawarmoebis calkeuli detalis Sinaarsobrivi informaciis

moZiebas da amocnobas,

b). mxatvruli enis, mxatvruli xerxebis meSveobiT (sxvadasxva enobrivi

saSualeba, tropuli metyveleba) gadmocemuli informaciis moZiebas da

amocnobas,

g). sityvis mniSvnelobis gagebas konteqstSi,

d). im mxatvruli informaciis moZiebas da amocnobas, romelic sasveni

niSnebis funqciaTa codnasa da xmarebis kanonzomierebebTan aris

dakavSirebuli (mag. xvdeba Tu vera moswavle, rom brWyalebSi Casmuli

sityvebi konkretul SemTxvevaSi personaJis fiqrebia da is mxolod im

SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gaigos adekvaturad, Tu brWyalebis funqcia esmis),

e). sxvadasxva tipis teqstisTvis damaxasiaTebeli enobriv-stiluri

elementebis amocnobas. Cven mier SerCeul teqstebSi iyo uSemasmenlo

nominaluri winadadebebiT agebuli mxatvruli aRweris ramdenime

gamokveTili suraTi. amitom erT-erTi kiTxva swored am winadadebebis

moZiebas Seexeboda: „amoiwereT teqstidan yvela winadadeba, romlebSic ar

aris zmna-Semasmeneli. vimeorebT, am informaciis moZieba ufro

„maRali“^miznebisTvis gvainteresebda: Tu mxatvruli teqstis amgvar

enobriv qsovils „ver amCnevs“ moswavle, is verc imas gaigebs, ra aris

mxatvruli aRwera, ra saSualebebiT iqmneba igi da a.S.

I indikatori sainformacio teqstis SemTxvevaSi gulisxmobda:

a). zedapirze mocemuli informaciis moZiebas, teqstis calkeuli detalis

Sinaarsis gagebas,

b). teqstidan urTierTdakavSirebuli informaciis moZiebas.

II indikatori: mmoswavles SeuZlia teqstis mTliani Sinaarsis gageba

mxatvrul teqstSi am donis kiTxvebi Seexeboda:

a). dRevandel saskolo praqtikaSi mxatvrul teqstze muSaobis erTaderT

Tu ara, yvelaze metad gavrcelebuli formas, kerZod: nawarmoebis mTavar

Temis, nawarmoebis mTavari personaJis amocnobas (dasabuTebuli pasuxiT)

sainformacio teqstSi II donis kiTxvebi gulisxmobda:

a). sainformacio teqstis miznisa da auditoriis amocnobas,

b). sainformacio teqstis mTavari Temis gagebas,

g). sainformacio teqstis mTlianobiTi Sinaarsis gagebas (mTavari Temis

dayofa qveTemebad).


191

III indikatori: mmoswavles SeuZlia teqstis analizi.

mxatvrul teqstSi III indikatoris kiTxvebi gulisxmobda:

a). teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis analizs mTliani teqstis

gaazrebis safuZvelze,

b). teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis analogiis povnas da gaazrebas

sxva tipis teqstSi (moTxroba - andaza)

g) mxatvruli elementebiT Seqmnili, problemuri sakiTxisTvis

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani fragmentis analizs.

sainformacio teqstis SemTxvevaSi III indikatori exeboda:

a). problemis analizs mTliani teqstis safuZvelze,

b). sainformacio teqstis struqturuli mxaris gaazrebas (abzacis funqcia,

Semajamebeli abzacis gaazreba).

IV indikatori: mmoswavles SeuZlia teqstis Sefaseba

mxatvrul teqstSi IV indikatoris kiTxvebi exeboda:

a). teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis interpretacias sxvadasxva

kuTxiT

b) mTavari problemis gaazrebas konkretuli literaturuli konteqstidan

gamomdinare gamocdilebis, zneobriv-eTikuri poziciebis mixedviT,

g). personaJis daxasiaTebas,

sainformacio teqstSi IV indikatoris kiTxvebi gulisxmobda:

a). teqstis Sefasebas, teqstSi mocemuli informaciis dakavSirebas sakuTar

gamocdilebasTan,

b). teqstSi dasmuli problemis Sefasebas sxva saswavlo sagnebSi miRebul

codnaze dayrdnobiT,

g) teqstTan sakuTari damokidebulebis argumentireba.

Catarebis dro: 2007 wlis 17 inavari. testireba mimdinareobda 2

akademiuri saaTis ganmavlobaSi.

kvlevis meTodi: mSobliuri enisa da literaturis eqspertTa mier

specialurad SemuSavebuli testis ori varianti Ria da daxuruli

kiTxvebiT. testis aprobacia Catarda 99 moswavleze. ganisazRvra testis

sandooba ( =0,79) da testis unari, moaxdinos moswavleTa diferenciacia

codnisa da unar-Cvevebis mixedviT.

kvlevis obieqti: testireba Catarda saqarTvelos didi qalaqebSi

(q. TbilisSi, q. quTaisSi, q. baTumSi, q. zugdidSi, q. rusTavSi, q. gorSi da


192

q. foTSi) skolaTa SemTxveviTi SerCevis safuZvelze. testirebaSi

monawileoba miiRo me-7 klasis 820-ma moswavlem.

kvlevis Sedegebi: ganxorcielda kvlevis monacemTa fsiqometruli da SemdgomSi Tvisebrivi

analizi. esg-is calkeuli Sedegis an indikatoris mixedviT Sedgenili

testuri kiTxvebi daiyo oTx jgufad:

1. Sedegebi/indikatorebi, romelebic daZlia moswavleTa 75%-100%-ma;

2. Sedegebi/indikatorebi, romlebic daZlia moswavleTa 50%-75%-ma;



warmovadgenT testur kiTxvebs daZlevis xarisxis jgufis mixedviT.

1. Sedegebi/indikatorebi, romelebic daZlia moswavleTa 75-100 %-ma

rogorc mxatvruli teqstis, ise sainformacio teqstis kiTxvisas

moswavleebi advilad arTmeven Tavs I indikatoris - teqstidan konkretuli

informaciis moZieba da amocnoba - Sesatyvis kiTxvebs. gansakuTrebiT es

exeba teqstis zedapirze TvalsaCinod mocemul martiv informacias. sakiTxi

ufro gasagebi rom iyos, ganvixiloT konkretuli testuri kiTxvebis

magaliTebi.

daxuruli tipis kiTxvebi mxatvrul teqstSi:

a) ra aris, qalis azriT, namdvili gaWirveba?

b) ra SeSurda qorisa zuras?

am kiTxvebis pasuxebi teqstis zedapirze TvalsaCinod iyo mocemuli.

pasuxebi sworad amoicno moswavleTa 82%-ma (a varianti) da 86%-ma (b

varianti).

daxuruli tipis kiTxvebi sainformacio teqstSi:

a) sad uerTdeba erTmaneTs TeTri da cisferi nilosi?

b) romeli mdinarea yvelaze wyaluxvi?

g) dedamiwis zedapiris ra nawili uWiravs msoflio okeanis wyals?

am kiTxvebis pasuxebic teqstis zedapirze TvalsaCinod iyo mocemuli.

pasuxebi sworad amoicno moswavleTa 100%-ma (a varianti), 98%-ma (b

varianti) da 96%-ma (g varianti).


193

moswavleTa umravlesobam mxatvrul teqstSi amoicno personaJebis

formaluri rolebi. amocanas Tavi garTva moswavleTa 90%-ma.

warmovadgenT kiTxvebs:

a) SeaerTe isrebiT:

biWi usayvedures Svilis saqcielis gamo

mamakaci Citebis gamozamTrebas apirebs

qali daRlili brundeba samsaxuridan

b) SeaerTe isrebiT:

giorgi I klasis moswavlea

zura ojaxis ufrosia

maia uvlis indaurebs

moswavleebis umravlesoba mxatvruli teqstis kiTxvisas arTmevs Tavs II

indikatoris iseT Sedegebs, rogoricaa mTavari personaJis dasaxeleba da

saTauris dakavSireba mTavari personaJis moqmedebebTan anu eqsplicitur

mocemulobasTan. ix. Sesabamisi kiTxvebi:

a) vin aris nawarmoebis mTavari personaJi?

b) Tqveni azriT, ratom hqvia moTxrobas `Citebis gamomzamTrebeli"/`mTis

gadaRma~?

nawarmoebis mTavari personaJis dasaxeleba SeZlo moswavleTa 80%-

ma, 83%-ma ki saTauri daukavSira mTavari personaJis moqmedebebs anu

teqstis eqsplicitur mocemulobas.

moswavleebis umravlesoba sainformacio teqstis kiTxvisas arTmevs Tavs

II indikatoris iseT Sedegs, rogoricaa teqstis miznisa da auditoriis

amocnoba. Sdr. rrogor fiqrobT, ra mizniT aris dawerili es teqsti da

visTvis aris is gankuTvnili?

a) teqstis mizania, gasagebad da sainteresod mouTxros mkiTxvels

nilosis orgzis adidebis mizezis Sesaxeb da is yvela dainteresebuli

adamianisaTvis aris gankuTvnili;

b) teqstis mizania, gaacnos mkiTxvels nilosis Sesaxeb axali

gamokvlevis Sedegebi da is am dargSi moRvawe mecnierebisaTvis aris

gankuTvnili;


194

g) teqstis mizania, gaafrTxilos mkiTxveli im saSiSroebis Taobaze,

romelic adidebul nilosze naviT mogzaurobas axlavs Tan da is

turistebisa da mogzaurebisaTvis aris gankuTvnili;

d) teqstis mizania, gaacnos mkiTxvels axali informacia nilosis

adidebis Sesaxeb da is gazeTis sainformacio gverdisaTvis aris

gankuTvnili.

swori pasuxis gacema, kerZod, teqstis miznisa da auditoriis

amocnoba, SeZlo moswavleebis 79%-ma.

mxatvruli teqstis kiTxvisas moswavleebis umravlesoba Tavs arTmevs

teqstSi warmodgenili konkretuli problemis analizs moTxrobis

zedapirze eqspliciturad arsebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT. es Sedegi

gamovlinda Semdegi saxis Ria testur kiTxvebSi:

ratom miiwevda mTis mwvervalisken zura?

moTxrobis zedapirze eqspliciturad arsebul informaciaze

dayrdnobiT am tipis kiTxvebs pasuxs scems moswavleTa saSualod 85%.

2. Sedegebi/indikatorebi, romlebic daZlia moswavleTa 50-75 %-ma

I indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeboda mxatvruli

teqstis kiTxvisas sityvis mniSvnelobis amocnobas gansxvavebul

konteqstSi. ganvixiloT konkretuli testuri kiTxvebi:

a) `Cemi Svilebis xelSi me yvelafersa var gamorCeuli, naTesavebsac

da mokeTeebsac”... ras niSnavs aq sityva gamorCeuli?

b) `zuram wre gaarRvia da Zirs daixeda”.

romel wrezea saubari am fragmentSi?

am kiTxvaze sworad gasca pasuxi moswavleTa 50%-ma (a varianti) da

58%-ma (b varianti)..

I indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeboda mxatvruli

teqstis kiTxvisas sasveni niSnebis funqciebis amocnobas:

SemoxazeT, ra SemTxvevaSi unda wavikiTxoT CamonaTvali ufro xangrZlivi

pauziT:

1. ras eZaxi namdvil gaWirvebas _ SimSils? sikvdils? usaxlkarobas?

fexSiSvela siaruls?

2. ras eZaxi namdvil gaWirvebas _ SimSils, sikvdils, usaxlkarobas,

fexSiSvela siaruls?

kiTxvas swori pasuxi gasca testirebul moswavleTa 52%-ma.


195

I indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeboda sainformacio

teqstis kiTxvisas zedapirze mocemuli informaciis moZiebas,

teqstis calkeuli detalis Sinaarsis gagebas:

a) romeli nilosis saTave aRmoaCines ufro adre? cisferi Tu TeTri

nilosis? (Ria tipis kiTxva)

b) ras qmnis mdinare Tavis SenakadebTan erTad?

a) kalapots b) SesarTavs g) mdinaris sistemas d) deltas

am tipis kiTxvebs sworad pasuxobs moswavleTa saSualod 65%.II indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeboda sainformacio

teqstis kiTxvisas mTavari Temis gagebas:

nilosis ra saidumlozea saubari teqstSi?

a) mdinaris RvTaebriv warmoSobaze;

b) nilosis yovelwliur ritmul adidebaze;

g) Sua zafxulSi nilosis adidebis gamocanaze.

d) nilosis noyieri Slamis saidumloze;

am tipis kiTxvas sworad pasuxobs moswavleTa saSualod 54%.

II indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeboda sainformacio

teqstis kiTxvisas teqstis miznisa da auditoriis gagebas:

rogor fiqrobT, ra mizniT aris dawerili es teqsti da visTvis aris is

gankuTvnili?

am tipis kiTxvis pasuxad teqstis mxolod erT-erT komponents

(umeteswilad auditorias) sworad gaiazrebs da asaxelebs moswavleTa

saSualod 57 rac Seexeba srul pasuxs, anu teqstis auditoriasTan erTad

miznis dasaxelebasac, am amocanas moswavleTa mxolod mcire raodenoba

arTmevs Tavs. am sakiTxs qvemoT ganvixilavT.

III indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeboda mxatvruli

teqstis kiTxvisas dasmuli problemis analogiis moZebnas sxva

tipis teqstSi (andazaSi):

romeli gamoTqma SeiZleba gamoiyenos dedam, roca mamas sayvedurobs?

a) kargi Svili dedis gulis vardiao;

b) rasac dasTes, imas moimkio

g) frTxilis deda ar tiriso.

am tipis kiTxvebs sworad pasuxobs moswavleTa saSualod 61%.


196

IV indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeboda mxatvruli

teqstis kiTxvisas mTavari problemis gaazrebas konkretuli

literaturuli konteqstidan gamomdinare gamocdilebis, zneobriv-

eTikuri poziciebis mixedviT:

Tqveni azriT, rogor unda gadaiWras konfliqti zurasa da mamamiss Soris,

ra unda moimoqmedos TiToeulma maTganma amisaTvis? ganmarteT Tqveni

pasuxi.

am tipis kiTxvas argumentirebuli pasuxi gasca moswavleTa saSualod 61%-

ma.

IV indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeboda sainformacio

teqstis Sefasebas, teqstSi mocemuli informaciis dakavSirebas

sakuTar gamocdilebasTan:

daaarsebdnen Tu ara Zvel droSi did qalaqs im adgilas, sadac mdinare ar

iyo? pasuxi daasabuTeT.

am tipis kiTxvas argumentirebuli pasuxi gasca moswavleTa saSualod

57%-ma.


teqstTan sakuTari damokidebulebis argumentirebas:

ratom aris /ar aris saintereso es teqsti TqvenTvis? pasuxi daasabuTeT.

am tipis kiTxvas argumentirebuli pasuxi gasca moswavleTa saSualod

73%-ma.


Sedegebis/indikatorebis am jgufSi aRmoCnda Semdegi kiTxvebi:

I indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeba mxatvrul teqstSi

warmosaxuli suraTebis moZiebas:

moiZieT teqstSi suraTebi, romelTac zura warmosaxvaSi xedavs.

amoiwereT.

am kiTxvis daZlevas axerxebs moswavleTa 45%.

II indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeba nawarmoebis

mTavari Temis amocnobas:

ra aris moTxrobis mTavari Tema?

a) erTi ojaxis problemebi;

b) erTi ojaxis saintereso istoria;

g) saqarTveloSi Citebis gamozamTrebis problema;

d) uweso bavSvis ambavi.


197

am tipis kiTxvis daZlevas axerxebs moswavleTa saSualod 43%.

II indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeba mxatvruli

nawarmoebis mTavari personaJis amocnobas dasabuTebuli pasuxiT:

vin aris nawarmoebis mTavari personaJi? ratom fiqrobT ase?

aRmoCnda, rom mTavari personaJis dasabuTebul amocnobas axerxebs

moswavleTa mxolod 36%, maSin, roca mTavari personaJis mxolod

dasaxelebas Tavs arTmevs moswavleTa 80% (ix. gv. 5).

II indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeba mxatvruli

nawarmoebis saTauris gagebas nawarmoebis arsis safuZvelze:

rogor gesmiT moTxrobis saTauri? imsjeleT.

aRmoCnda, rom saTauris gagebas nawarmoebis arsis safuZvelze axerxebs

moswavleTa mxolod 26%, maSin, roca saTauris dakavSirebas teqstSi

eqsplicitur mocemulobasTan Tavs arTmevs moswavleTa 83% (ix. gv. 5).

II indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeba sainformacio

teqstis mTliani Sinaarsis gagebas (mTavari Temis dayofa

qveTemebad):

ramden nawilad SeiZleba daiyos teqsti Sinaarsis mixedviT?

a) sam nawilad. pirvelSi saubaria imaze, Tu rogor scemdnen niloss

Tayvans, meoreSi - mis adidebaze, mesameSi - nilosis sargeblianobaze

egviptisTvis;

b) Sinaarsis mixedviT teqstis nawilebad dayofa SeuZlebelia;

g) or nawilad. pirveli nawili erTgvari Sesavalia, sadac nilosis

saidumlozea saubari, meore nawilSi ki moTxrobilia, Tu ra aris am

gamocanis mizezi;

d) oTx nawilad. pirvelSi saubaria nilosis saidumloze, meoreSi _ am

saidumlos amoxsnis Taobaze, mesameSi - nilosis saSiS Tvisebebze,

meoTxeSi _ egviptis cxovrebaze.

aRmoCnda, rom sainformacio teqstis mTavari Temis dayofas qveTemebad

axerxebs moswavleTa mxolod 31%.

III indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva exeba mxatvrul teqstSi dasmuli

problemuri sakiTxis analizs mTliani teqstis gaazrebis

safuZvelze. am Sedegis misaRwevad dasmuli iyo Semdegi saxis Ria

kiTxva:

rogor fiqrobT, mxolod bavSvis cudad swavlaa qalis qmarTan

kamaTis mizezi? imsjeleT.


198

aRmoCnda, rom mxatvrul teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis analizs

mTliani teqstis gaazrebis safuZvelze axerxebs moswavleTa 45%.

III indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeboda sainformacio

teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis interpretacias sxvadasxva

kuTxiT:

ratom diddeba nilosi orjer zafxulsa da Semodgomaze?

a) nilosis saTaveebi sxvadasxva mTebSi mdebareobs, sadac wvimebi

sxvadasxva dros modis;

b) mTebSi, saidanac nilosis saTave iwyeba, wvimiani sezoni weliwadSi

orjer icis;

g) nilosis erTi saTave tba viqtoriaSi Caedineba da wylis dineba iq

ferxdeba;

d) nilosis ori Senakadi, cisferi da TeTri nilosi, sxvadasxva

sigrZisaa, amitom wvimebis sezonis dros adidebuli wyali TeTri da

cisferi nilosis saSualebiT sxvadasxva dros aRwevs egviptemde.

aRmoCnda, rom sainformacio teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis

interpretacias sxvadasxva kuTxiT axerxebs moswavleTa saSualod 45%.


nawarmoebis mTavari personaJis daxasiaTebas:

mokled daaxasiaTeT mTavari personaJi.

teqstSi eqspliciturad mocemul informaciaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebis

mTavari personaJi daaxasiaTa moswavleTa 34%-ma, rac Seexeba personaJis

daxasiaTebas teqstis gaazrebaze dayrdnobiT, es amocana gacilebiT naklebma

(19%) moswavlem daZlia. am sakiTxs qvemoT ganvixilavT.


Sedegebis/indikatorebis am jgufSi aRmoCnda Semdegi kiTxvebi:


uzmno winadadebebis moZiebas:

amoiwereT teqstidan yvela winadadeba, romelSic ar aris zmna-Semasmeneli.

am davalebas Tavs arTmevs moswavleTa mxolod 7%.


brWyalebSi Casmuli sityvis mniSvnelobis amocnobas:

moiZieT teqstSi brWyalebSi Casmuli winadadebebi da ganmarteT, ratom

aris aq gamoyenebuli es sasveni niSani... ras gadmoscemen es winadadebebi?

1. `ra aris iqiT, im mTis gadaRma?~


199

2. `iqneb xorci Wamos~...

am kiTxvas swor pasuxs scems moswavleTa mxolod 19%.

I indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeba sainformacio

teqstidan urTierTdakavSirebuli informaciis moZiebas:

daalageT TanamimdevrobiT nilosis monakveTebi saTavidan SesarTavamde.

a) tba viqtoria;

b) nilosi;

g) kagera;

d) TeTri nilosi.

am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemas axerxebs moswavleTa mxolod 13%.

II indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeboda sainformacio

teqstis kiTxvisas teqstis miznisa da auditoriis gagebas:

rogor fiqrobT, ra mizniT aris dawerili es teqsti da visTvis aris is

gankuTvnili?

am kiTxvaze srul pasuxs (miznisa da auditoriis dasaxeleba) scems

moswavleTa mxolod 17%. erT-erT komponents amoicnobs gacilebiT meti

(57%).

III indikatoris Sesatyvisi kiTxva, romelic exeboda mxatvruli

teqstis kiTxvisas mxatvruli elementebiT Seqmnili, problemuri

sakiTxisTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani fragmentis analizs:

waikiTxeT fragmenti teqstidan: `yvelas unda, rom TeTri, fafuki xelebi

hqondes. mamakacebs, dReSi sam kilo xorcsa da aT boTl Rvinos

nTqaven, TeTri xelebi undaT, TeTri xelebi da TeTri telefoni.

nuTu vera xedavT, rom muclebi mogveqca Tavze?~.

rogor gesmiT es fragmenti? gadmoeciT Tqveni sityvebiT.

an

waikiTxeT fragmenti teqstidan:

`irgvliv bevri ram ucnobi iyo.

- mama, imas ra hqvia?

- ra hqvia da mWadi!

- cisartyelaa, Svilo, - etyoda deda.

mamas aRarafers ekiTxeboda.~.

rogor gesmiT es fragmenti? gadmoeciT Tqveni sityvebiT.

aRmoCnda, rom moswavleTa mxolod mcire nawili axerxebs mxatvruli

elementebiT Seqmnili fragmentis analizs: moswavleTa mxolod 19%


200

arTmevs Tavs fragmentis calkeuli nawilis analizs, kidev ufro

mcire raodenoba (14%) - mTeli fragmentis analizs.


teqstis struqturuli mxaris gaazrebas (abzacis funqcia,

Semajamebeli abzacis gaazreba):

moZebneT da amoiwereT abzaci, romelSic Sejamebulia, ra dadginda

nilosis saTaveebis Taobaze misi Senakadebis kvlevis Sedegad.

an

teqstSi moZebneT da amoiwereT abzaci, romelSic Sejamebulia wylis

brunvis meqanizmi.

am kiTxvasac moswavleTa mxolod 19% arTmevs Tavs.


teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis interpretacias sxvadasxva

kuTxiT:

ratom ar Caeria mama dedasa da Svils Soris momxdar dapirispirebaSi?

ganmarteT Tqveni pasuxi.

am kiTxvaze argumentirebuli pasuxis gacemas axerxebs moswavleTa

mxolod 22%.


nawarmoebis mTavari personaJis daxasiaTebas:

mokled daaxasiaTeT mTavari personaJi.

personaJis daxasiaTebas teqstis Sinarsis gazrebis safuZvelze axerxebs

moswavleTa mxolod 19%, maSin roca teqstSi eqspliciturad mocemul

informaciaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebis mTavari personaJi daaxasiaTa

moswavleTa 34%-ma (ix. gv.8).


teqstSi dasmuli problemis Sefasebas sxva saswavlo sagnebSi miRebul

codnaze dayrdnobiT:

SeiZleba Tu ara, teqstidan gamovitanoT daskvna, rom samxreT amerikaSi

mdinareebi ufro wyaluxvia, vidre CrdiloeT afrikaSi? pasuxi daasabuTeT.

am kiTxvas Tavi gaarTva moswavleTa mxolod 16%-ma.


201

* * *

testirebis Sedegad moswavleTa mier miRweuli Sedegebi daiyo oTx

jgufad miRwevis oTxi safexuris mixedviT:

1. saSualoze dabali safexurze aRmoCnda moswavleTa 25%

2. saSualo safexurze aRmoCnda moswavleTa 22%

3. saSualoze maRal safexurze aRmoCnda moswavleTa 28%

4. maRal safexurze aRmoCnda moswavleTa 25%

miRwevis TiToeul doneze Sedegebi warmodgenilia Cven mier SerCeuli

Sefasebis oTxi indikatoris mixedviT, rogorc mxatvruli, ise

sainformacio teqstebisTvis.

miRwevis saSualoze dabali done

I indikatori - moswavles SeuZlia moiZios da amoicnos konkretuli

informacia teqstidan.

a. mxatvruli

miRwevis am doneze myofma moswavleebma SedarebiT ukeT ician punqtuaciis

elementarul niSanTa xmarebis kanonzomierebani da ukeT amoicnoben teqstSi

maT funqcias (29%), SedarebiT iolad arTmeven Tavs sityvis mniSvnelobis

gagebas konteqstSi (17%): am doneze ufro problemuria ararealuri,

warmosaxviTi suraTebis amocnoba teqstidan (15%): am doneze dauZleveli

aRmoCnda konkretul teqstSi gamoyenebuli aRweris asagebad mniSvnelovani

sintaqsuri konstruqciis amocnoba (mag. uzmno winadadebebis); aseve ver

amoicnes is enobrivi saSualebebi, romelTa meSveobiT personaJis gancdebi,

fiqrebi da a. S. gadmoicema teqstSi.

b. sainformacio

am doneze myofi moswavleebi SedarebiT iolad axerxeben teqstis zedapirze

eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis amocnobas (37%), magram ufro

problemuria teqstidan urTierTdakavSirebuli informaciis amocnoba (13%)


202

II indikatori - mmoswavles SeuZlia teqstis mTliani Sinaarsis gageba

a. mxatvruli

am indikatoris farglebSi moswavleebi SedarebiT iolad arTeven Tavs

doneze teqstis mTliani Sinaarsis gagebas amocnobis, dasaxelebis doneze

(35%), magram mxolod 8% axerxebs dasabuTebuli pasuxis gacemas.

SedarebiT dabalia monacemi nawarmoebis mTavari Temis amocnobasTan

dakavSirebul kiTxvaSi (22%), roca ubralod mTavari Temis dasaxelebas

vTxovT. magram roca vTxovT gaiazron saTauri mTavar TemasTan mimarTebiT,

Sedegi Zalian dabalia (6%).

b. sainformacio

am indikatoris farglebSi moswavleebi SedarebiT ukeT arTmeven Tavs

sainformacio teqstis mTavari Temis amocnobas (29%), ufro dabali

monacemi gviCvena kiTxvam, romelic sainformacio teqstis dayofas exeboda

Sinaarsobriv nawilebad (18%); rac Seexeba kiTxvas sainformacio teqstis

miznisa da auditoriis Sesaxeb, orives amocnobas mxolod 4% axerxebs,

erT-erTs amoicnobs 16%.

III indikatori - moswavles SeuZlia teqstis analizi.

a. mxatvruli

am indikatoris farglebSi yvelaze ukeT Zleven moswavleebi mxatvruli

teqstis analizs analogiis meSveobiT (47%). gacilebiT rTulia teqstSi

dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis analizi mTliani teqstis gaazrebis

safuZvelze (17%). yvelaze dabali monacemi gviCvena mxatvruli

elementebiT Seqmnili mniSvnelovani fragmentis analizis Sesaxeb kiTxvam

(4%).

b. sainformacio

am indikatoris farglebSi moswavleebi SedarebiT iolad arTmeven Tavs

problemis analizs mTliani teqstis safuZvelze (24%), magram Zalian

uWirT sainformacio teqstis struqturuli mxaris gaazreba, kerZod,

Semajamebeli abzacis funqciis gansazRvras mxolod 6% axerxebs.

IV indikatori - moswavles SeuZlia teqstis Sefaseba

a. mxatvruli

am indikatoris farglebSi moswavleebi ukeT arTmeven Tavs mTavar

problemis gaazrebas cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis, zneobriv-eTikuri


203

poziciebis mixedviT (34%), uWirT teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis

interpretacia sxvadasxva kuTxiT (10%). am donis moswavleTa 11% axerxebs

personaJis daxasiaTebas teqstSi mocemuli informaciis mixedviT,

dauZlevelia am doneze mTavari personaJis mxatvruli saxis siRrmiseuli

gaazreba.

b. sainformacio

am indikatoris farglebSi moswavleebi ukeT arTmeven Tavs teqstTan

sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatvas, argumentirebas (32%), teqstis

Sefasebas, teqstSi mocemuli informaciis dakavSirebas sakuTar

gamocdilebasTan axarxebs moswavleTa 24%. gansakuTrebiT gauWirdaT

moswavleebs am doneze teqstSi dasmuli problemis Sefaseba sxva saswavlo

sagnebSi miRebul codnaze dayrdnobiT (3%).

miRwevis saSualo done



a. mxatvruli

miRwevis saSualo doneze myofi moswavleTa TiTqmis naxevari (44%)

amoicnobs teqstSi punqtuaciis elementarul niSanTa funqciebs, aseve

naxevari (47%) amoicnobs sityvis mniSvnelobas konteqstis

gaTvaliswinebiT. am doneze miRwevis saSualoze dabal donesTan SedarebiT

gaumjobesebulia ararealuri, warmosaxviTi suraTebis amocnoba teqstidan

(28%); am donezec problemuri rCeba mniSvnelovani sintaqsuri

konstruqciisa da im enobrivi saSualebebis amocnoba, romelTa meSveobiT

personaJis gancdebi, fiqrebi da a. S. gadmoicema teqstSi, Tumca, saSualoze

dabali donisgan gansxvavebiT, am kiTxvebis daZlevas mainc axerxebs

moswavleTa mcire nawili (4%).

b. sainformacio

moswavleTa naxevarze meti (61%) axerxebs teqstis zedapirze

eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis amocnobas, problemur sakiTxad

rCeba teqstidan urTierTdakavSirebuli informaciis amocnoba, Tumca

miRwevis saSualoze dabal donesTan SedarebiT moswavleebi aseT amocanas

ukeT arTmeven Tavs (32%).


204


a. mxatvruli

am doneze mkveTri zrda SeiniSneba mTliani Sinaarsis gagebasTan

dakavSirebul kiTxvaSi rogorc amocnobis, dasaxelebis (Sdr. 50%), aseve

pasuxis dasabuTebis TvalsazrisiT (20%). moswavleTa 31% Tavs arTmevs

nawarmoebis mTavar TemasTan dakavSirebul kiTxvas, magram isev problemuri

rCeba (10%) saTauris gaazreba mTavar TemasTan mimarTebiT anu saTauris

gaazrebulad dakavSireba teqstTan.

b. sainformacio

moswavleTa naxevarze meti (51%) amoicnobs sainformacio teqstis mTavar

Temas. aSkara progresi SeiniSneba sainformacio teqstis miznisa da

auditoriis amocnobaSi: orives Amoicnobs moswavleTa 14%, erT-erTs _

41%. isev dabali monacemi aCvena kiTxvam sainformacio teqstis Sinaarsobriv

nawilebad dayofasTan dakavSirebiT (22%).


a. mxatvruli

am indikatoris farglebSi moswavleTa naxevarze meti (52%) axerxebs

mxatvruli teqstis analizs analogiis meSveobiT. mkveTri zrda SeiniSneba

rogorc teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis (40%), aseve mxatvruli

fragmentis analizis Sesaxeb kiTxvaSi (26%).

b. sainformacio

moswavleTa 29% axerxebs problemis analizs mTliani teqstis safuZvelze;

isev problemuria sainformacio teqstis struqturuli mxaris gaazreba,

kerZod, Semajamebeli abzacis funqciis gansazRvras moswavleTa mxolod

15% axerxebs.


a. mxatvruli

am indikatoris farglebSi moswavleTa naxevarze meti arTevs Tavs mTavari


poziciebis mixedviT (55%), isev uWirT teqstSi dasmuli problemuri

sakiTxis interpretacia sxvadasxva kuTxiT (13%). mkveTri zrda SeiniSneba


205

personaJis daxasiaTebasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvis daZlevaSi, rogorc

teqstSi mocemuli informaciis mixedviT (32%), aseve mTavari personaJis

mxatvruli saxis siRrmiseul gaazrebaSi. Tu wina doneze dauZleveli iyo

es kiTxva, axla moswavleTa 7% axerxebs.

b. sainformacio

miRwevis am doneze orjer maRali monacemi aCvena kiTxvebma, romelebic

exeboda a) teqstTan sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatvas, argumentirebas

(70%), b) teqstis Sefasebas, teqstSi mocemuli informaciis dakavSirebas

sakuTar gamocdilebasTan (49%). Tumca gaizarda, magram am doneze mainc

uWirT moswavleebs teqstSi dasmuli problemis Sefaseba sxva saswavlo


miRwevis saSualoze maRali done



a. mxatvruli

miRwevis saSualoze maRali done aCvena moswavleTa 28%-ma. maTi

umetesoba (64%) amoicnobs teqstSi punqtuaciis elementarul niSanTa

funqciebs, kidev ufro meti moswavle (67%) amoicnobs sityvis

mniSvnelobas konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT. sagrZnoblad gaumjobesda

warmosaxviTi suraTebis amocnoba teqstidan (53%). am donezec

problemuri rCeba mniSvnelovani sintaqsuri konstruqciisa da im enobrivi

saSualebebis amocnoba, romelTa meSveobiT personaJis gancdebi, fiqrebi da

a. S. gadmoicema teqstSi, Tumca saSualo donesTan SedarebiT am kiTxvebs

orjer meti moswavle Zlevs. (9%).

b. sainformacio

moswavleTa didi nawili (69%) axerxebs teqstis zedapirze

eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis amocnobas, TiTqmis naxevari

amoicnobs teqstidan urTierTdakavSirebul informacias (46%).


206


a. mxatvruli

am doneze mkveTri zrda SeiniSneba mTliani Sinaarsis gagebasTan

dakavSirebul kiTxvaSi, gansakuTrebiT pasuxis dasabuTebis TvalsazrisiT

(44%).

nawarmoebis mTavar TemasTan dakavSirebul kiTxvas 48% Zlevs, SedarebiT

naklebia im moswavleTa raodenoba (31%), romlebic axerxeben saTauris

gaazrebas mTavar TemasTan mimarTebiT anu saTauris gaazrebulad

dakavSirebas teqstTan.

b. sainformacio

moswavleTa 63% amoicnobs sainformacio teqstis mTavar Temas. garkveuli

progresi SeiniSneba sainformacio teqstis miznisa da auditoris

amocnobaSi: orives Aamoicnobs moswavleTa 19%, erT-erTs _ 49%.moswavleTa mesamedi (35%) Zlevs kiTxvas sainformacio teqstis

Sinaarsobriv nawilebad dayofasTan dakavSirebiT.

III indikatori - moswavles SeuZlia teqstis analizi.'

a. mxatvruli

am indikatoris farglebSi moswavleTa naxevarze meti (62%) axerxebs

mxatvruli teqstis analizs analogiis meSveobiT. zrda SeiniSneba rogorc

teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis (50%), aseve mxatvruli

fragmentis analizis Sesaxeb kiTxvaSic (32%).

b. sainformacio

moswavleTa 42% axerxebs problemis analizs mTliani teqstis safuZvelze;

isev problemuria sainformacio teqstis struqturuli mxaris gaazreba,

Tumca saSualosTan SedarebiT miRwevis am doneze Semajamebeli abzacis

funqciis gansazRvras axerxebs orjer meti moswavle (29%).


a. mxatvruli

am indikatoris farglebSi moswavleTa 67% arTevs Tavs mTavari problemis

gaazrebas cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis, zneobriv-eTikuri poziciebis


207

mixedviT, moswavleTa erTi meoTxedi axerxebs teqstSi dasmuli

problemuri sakiTxis interpretacias sxvadasxva kuTxiT (24%). mkveTri

zrda SeiniSneba personaJis daxasiaTebasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvis

daZlevaSi, gansakuTrebiT mTavari personaJis mxatvruli saxis siRrmiseul

gaazrebaSi. Tu wina doneze mxolod 7% axerxebda am kiTxvis daZlevas,

axla monacemi gaizarda 23%-mde.

b. sainformacio

miRwevis am doneze moswavleTa 89% axerxebs teqstTan sakuTari

damokidebulebis gamoxatvas, argumentirebas. mkveTri zrda SeiniSneba im

kiTxvis daZlevaSi, romelic exeba teqstis Sefasebas, teqstSi mocemuli

informaciis dakavSirebas sakuTar gamocdilebasTan (73%). isev

problemuria kiTxva sxva saswavlo sagnebSi miRebul codnaze dayrdnobiT

teqstSi dasmuli problemis SefasebasTan dakavSirebiT (14%).

miRwevis maRali done



a. mxatvruli

am doneze myofi moswavleebis umravlesoba (72%) amoicnobs teqstSi

punqtuaciis elementarul niSanTa funqciebs, kidev ufro meti moswavle

(83%) amoicnobs sityvis mniSvnelobas konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT.

sagrZnoblad gaumjobesda warmosaxviTi suraTebis amocnoba teqstidan

(74%). am donezec problemuri rCeba mniSvnelovani sintaqsuri

konstruqciisa da im enobrivi saSualebebis amocnoba, romelTa meSveobiT

personaJis gancdebi, fiqrebi da a. S. gadmoicema teqstSi, Tumca wina

donesTan SedarebiT monacemebi TiTqmis oTxjer gaizarda (35%).

b. sainformacio

moswavleTa umravlesoba (89%) Tavs arTmevs teqstis zedapirze

eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis amocnobas; teqstidan

urTierTdakavSirebul informacias amoicnobs moswavleTa 64%.


208


a. mxatvruli

am doneze mTliani Sinaarsis gagebasTan dakavSirebul kiTxvas sworad

pasuxobs moswavleTa 97%, maT Soris 69% axerxebs pasuxis dasabuTebas.

nawarmoebis mTavar TemasTan dakavSirebul kiTxvas pasuxobs moswavleTa

69%. moswavleTa naxevarze meti gaiazrebs saTaurs mTavar TemasTan

mimarTebiT (54%).

b. sainformacio

moswavleTa 69% amoicnobs sainformacio teqstis mTavar Temas. SesamCnevia

progresi sainformacio teqstis miznisa da auditoris amocnobaSi: orives

amoicnobs moswavleTa 32%, erT-erTs _ 51%. moswavleTa TiTqmis naxevari

(48%) Zlevs kiTxvas sainformacio teqstis Sinaarsobriv nawilebad

dayofasTan dakavSirebiT.


a. mxatvruli

am indikatoris farglebSi moswavleTa umravlesoba (81%) axerxebs

mxatvruli teqstis analizs analogiis meSveobiT. SesamCnevi zrda

SeiniSneba teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis (50%) gadawyvetasTan

dakavSirebul kiTxvaSi; miRwevis am doneze gansakuTrebiT TvalSisacemia im

moswavleTa raodenobis zrda, romlebic Zleven mxatvruli fragmentis

analizTan dakavSirebul kiTxvas (63%).

b. sainformacio

miRwevis am doneze winasTan SedarebiT saxeze gvaqvs mkveTri zrda rogorc

mTliani teqstis safuZvelze problemis analizTan (68%), aseve

sainformacio teqstis struqturuli mxaris gaazrebasTan dakavSirebul

kiTxvaSi (42%), Tumca es ukanaskneli garkveulwilad mainc problemuri

rCeba.


a. mxatvruli

am doneze myof moswavleTa umravlesoba (87%) arTmevs Tavs mTavari


poziciebis mixedviT, moswavleTa 38% axerxebs teqstSi dasmuli

problemuri sakiTxis interpretacias sxvadasxva kuTxiT. am doneze

winasTan SedarebiT kidev ufro mkveTri zrda SeiniSneba mTavari personaJis


209

mxatvruli saxis siRrmiseul gaazrebaSi. Tu wina doneze moswavleTa

mxolod 23% axerxebda am kiTxvis daZlevas, axla monacemi gaizarda 43%-

mde.

b. sainformacio

miRwevis am doneze TiTqmis yvela moswavle axerxebs teqstTan sakuTari

damokidebulebis gamoxatvas, argumentirebas (96%). zrda SeiniSneba im

kiTxvis daZlevaSi, romelic exeba teqstis Sefasebas, teqstSi mocemuli

informaciis dakavSirebas sakuTar gamocdilebasTan. aseT kiTxvas Tavs

arTmevs moswavleTa 85%. moswavleTa erTi mesamedi scems pasuxs kiTxvas,

romelic exeba teqstSi dasmuli problemis Sefasebas sxva saswavlo


moswavleTa skalirebuli qulebi

moswavleTa Sedegebi Sefasda skalirebuli qulebis saSualebiTac.

moswavlis mier miRebuli maqsimaluri qulaa 76, xolo minimaluri qulaa

26. moswavleTa umravlesobam miiRo qula 53, xolo yvela moswavlis mier

miRebuli qulaTa saSualo ariTmetikuli ki 50-is tolia.

testSi miRebuli qulebis mixedviT dadginda moswavleTa reitingebi

rogorc klasTan, aseve mTel SerCevasTan mimarTebiT. aseTi Sefaseba

saSualebas mogvcems SevadaroT moswavleTa dRevandeli Sedegi momaval

miRwevebs da SevafasoT progresi.

sociologiuri monacemebi

kvlevis Sedegebis statistikuri analizis safuZvelze gaanalizda

sxvadasxva faqtorTa zegavlena moswavlis Sedegze. kerZod, gamovyaviT

Sedegi faqtorebi: moswavlis sqesi, saxelmZRvanelo, pedagogi, skola,

klasSi bavSvebis raodenoba.

am sakiTxis gasarkvevad mivmarTeT dispersiul analizs (ANOVA). gTavazobT miRebul Sedegebs.

aRmoCnda, rom moswavlis Sedegi damokidebulia moswavlis sqesze.

amasTan, gogonebisa da biWebis Sedegebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba

erTmaneTisgan. kerZod, gogonebis Sedegi bevrad ufro ukeTesia, vidre _

biWebisa (F=34,423, p=0.000; t=5,867, T.x.=818; p=0.000). es mosalodnelic

iyo, radgan aseTi Sedegebi asakobrivi ganviTarebis sqesobrivi

TaviseburebebiT aixsneba.


210

moswavlis Sedegi, damokidebulia skolaze, romelSic moswavle

swavlobs. amasTan, moswavleTa Sedegebi sxvadasxva skolebSi mniSvnelovnad

gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan. (F=10,119, p=0.000; t=-2,334, T.x.=809; p=0.02).garda amisa, moswavlis Sedegi damokidebulia pedagogze (F=4,065,

p=0.000; t=-1,362, T.x.=779; p=0.176). dadginda, rom rom moswavlis Sedegis

variaciis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mizezi pedagogia.

aRmoCnda, rom moswavlis Sedegi ar aris damokidebuli im

saxelmZRvaneloze (“sulakauris” da “rodonaias”), romliTac moswavleebi

swavloben, (F=2,373, p=0.124; t=1,541, T.x.=818; p=0.124). es mosalodnelic

iyo, radgan, erTi mxriv, orive saxelmZRvanelo Seqmnilia esg-s

gaTvaliswinebiT da, meore mxriv, testireba Catarda 1 trimestris gavlis

Semdeg, rac saxelmZRvaneloebis faqtoris gaTvaliswinebisTvis, vfiqrobT,

sakmarisi ar aris (da arc yofila kvlevis mizani).

aRsaniSnavia, rom gamovlinda moswavlis Sedegis damokidebuleba

gakveTilze moswavleTa raodenobaze. moswavleTa Sedegebi mniSvnelovnad

gansxvavdeba mcirericxovan da mravalricxovan klasebSi, kerZod, 20 da

nakleb moswavliani klasebis moswavleTa saSualo Sedegi gacilebiT

ukeTesia, vidre 20-ze met moswavliani klasebis moswavleTa saSualo

Sedegi (F=3,63, p=0.05; t=1,905, T.x.=818; p=0.05).

daskvna: amgvarad, esg-is calkeuli Sedegis an indikatoris mixedviT

Sedgenili testuri kiTxvebis analizma daZlevis xarixis mixedviT gviCvena,

rom

VII klasis moswavleTa umravlesoba (75%-100%) Zlevs esg-s Semdeg

Sedegebs/indikatorebs:

a) mxatvruli teqstis kiTxvisas:

teqstis zedapirze TvalsaCinod mocemuli martivi informaciis

amocnoba da moZieba;

moTxrobis personaJebis formaluri rolebis amocnoba;

moTxrobis saTauris dakavSireba mTavari personaJis teqstSi

mocemul moqmedebebTan;

mTavari personaJis dasaxeleba;

moTxrobis zedapirze eqspliciturad arsebuli informaciis

analizi.

b) sainformacio teqstis kiTxvisas:

teqstis zedapirze TvalsaCinod mocemuli martivi informaciis

amocnoba da moZieba;


211

teqstis mizanisa da auditoriis amocnoba;

VII klasis moswavleTa naxevarze meti (50%-75%) Zlevs esg-s Semdeg

Sedegebs/indikatorebs:


sityvis mniSvnelobis amocnoba gansxvavebul konteqstSi;

sasveni niSnebis funqciebis amocnoba;

mxatvruli teqstis kiTxvisas dasmuli problemis analogiis

moZebna sxva tipis teqstSi (andazaSi);

mxatvruli teqstis kiTxvisas mTavari problemis gaazreba

konkretuli literaturuli konteqstidan gamomdinare

gamocdilebis, zneobriv-eTikuri poziciebis mixedviT.


teqstis zedapirze mocemuli informaciis moZieba, teqstis

calkeuli detalis Sinaarsis gageba.

mTavari Temis gageba;

teqstis auditoriis amocnoba;

teqstis Sefaseba, teqstSi mocemuli informaciis dakavSireba

sakuTar gamocdilebasTan;

teqstTan sakuTari damokidebulebis argumentireba.

VII klasis moswavleebs uWirT (Zlevs mxolod 25%-50%) esg-s Semdegi

Sedegebi/indikatorebis daZleva


mxatvruli warmosaxviT Seqmnili suraTebis moZieba;

nawarmoebis mTavari Temis amocnoba;

nawarmoebis mTavari personaJis amocnoba dasabuTebuli pasuxiT;

nawarmoebis saTauris gageba nawarmoebis arsis safuZvelze;

nawarmoebis mTavari personaJis daxasiaTeba teqstSi eqspliciturad

mocemul informaciaze dayrdnobiT;

mxatvrul teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis analizi mTliani

teqstis gaazrebis safuZvelze;


teqstis, rogorc calkeuli Sinaarsobrivi nawilebis erTobliobis

gageba, (anu mTavari Temis dayofa qveTemebad);

teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis interpretacia sxvadasxva

kuTxiT.


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moswavleebs Zalian uWirT (mxolod 5%-25% arTmevs Tavs) esg-s Semdegi

Sedegebi/indikatorebis daZleva


Txrobis ama Tu im formisTvis damaxasiaTebeli morfologiur-

sintaqsuri konstruqciebis moZieba (uzmno winadadebebi);

brWyalebis funqciuri datvirTvis gageba teqstSi;

mxatvruli elementebiT Seqmnili, problemuri sakiTxisTvis

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani fragmentis analizi;

teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis interpretacia sxvadasxva

kuTxiT;

nawarmoebis mTavari personaJis daxasiaTeba teqstis Sinaarsis

gaazrebis safuZvelze.


teqstidan urTierTdakavSirebuli informaciis moZieba;

teqstidan orive mTavari maxasiaTeblis (mizani, auditoria)

amocnoba;

teqstis struqturuli mxaris gaazreba (abzacis funqcia,

Semajamebeli abzacis gaazreba);

masalis skalirebam moswavleTa miRwevis oTxi safexuris mixedviT

aCvena, rom miRwevis saSualoze dabali maCvenebeli hqonda moswavleTa 25%-

s, saSualo _ 22%-s, saSualoze maRali _ 28%-s, maRali _ 25%-s.

miuxedavad imisa, rom saSualoze maRali da maRali maCvenebeli aqvs

moswavleTa naxevarze mets (53%), rigi indikatorebisa yvela doneze, maT

Soris maRalzec, problemuria.

warmovadgenT kiTxvebs, romelTa daZlevas maRal donezec ki 70%-ze

meti ver axerxebs:

mxatvruli teqstis SemTxvevaSi:

a). uSemasmenlo nominaluri winadadebebiT agebuli mxatvruli aRweris

gamokveTili suraTis moZieba (Zlevs "Zlier" moswavleTa 22%).

b). im mxatvruli informaciis moZieba da amocnoba, romelic sasveni

niSnebis funqciaTa codnasa da xmarebis kanonzomierebebTan aris

dakavSirebuli; mag. brWyalebSi Casmuli sityvebi, romlebic personaJis

fiqrebia da es fragmenti mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gaigos

adekvaturad, Tu brWyalebis funqcia esmis (Zlevs "Zlier" moswavleTa

49%);


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g) nawarmoebis mTavari Temis, nawarmoebis mTavari personaJis amocnoba

dasabuTebuli pasuxiT (Zlevs "Zlier" moswavleTa 69%).

d) nawarmoebis saTauris gaazreba mTlian Sinaarsze dayrdnobiT (Zlevs

"Zlier" moswavleTa 54%);

e) teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis analizi mTliani teqstis

gaazrebis safuZvelze (Zlevs "Zlier" moswavleTa 69%);

v) mxatvruli elementebiT Seqmnili, problemuri sakiTxisTvis

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani fragmentis analizi (Zlevs "Zlier"

moswavleTa 30-33%);

z) teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis interpretacia sxvadasxva

kuTxiT (Zlevs "Zlier" moswavleTa 38%);

T) personaJis daxasiaTeba eqsplicituri da implicituri informaciis

safuZvelze (Zlevs "Zlier" moswavleTa Sesabamisad 46% da 43%).

sainformacio teqstis SemTxvevaSi:

a). teqstidan urTierTdakavSirebuli informaciis moZieba (Zlevs "Zlier"

moswavleTa 64%).

b). miznisa da auditoriis amocnoba (erT-erT komponents Zlevs "Zlier"

moswavleTa 51%, orives _ 32%);

g). teqstis mTavari Temis gageba (Zlevs "Zlier" moswavleTa 69%);

d) teqstis, rogorc calkeuli Sinaarsobrivi nawilebis erTobliobis

gageba, mTavari Temis dayofa qveTemebad (Zlevs "Zlier" moswavleTa 48%);

e) sainformacio teqstis struqturuli mxaris gaazreba (abzacis funqcia,

Semajamebeli abzacis gaazreba) (Zlevs "Zlier" moswavleTa 42%).

v). teqstSi dasmuli problemis Sefaseba sxva saswavlo sagnebSi miRebul

codnaze dayrdnobiT (Zlevs "Zlier" moswavleTa 33%).

zogadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi:

a. mxatvruli teqsti

rogorc vnaxeT, miRwevis TiTqmis yvela doneze moswavleebs uWirT

mxatvruli teqstis gaazrebasa da analizTan dakavSirebuli operaciebi:

sxvadasxva enobrivi saSualebebiT, tropuli, saxeobrivi metyvelebiT

gadmocemuli mxatvruli informaciis amocnoba, Sesabamisad, gaanalizeba;

uWirT ama Tu im metyvelebis tipisTvis damaxasiaTebeli konstruqciebis

amocnoba, maTi modelirebisa da funqcionirebis kanonzomierebaTa SemCneva.

teqstis problemuri analizis, Sefasebis, gamocdilebasTan misi


214

dakavSirebis magier isini cdiloben, teqstSi zedapirze mocemuli

informacia gaaanalizon, Seafason.

Cveni kvlevis erT-erTi mizanic swored swavlebis am etapze esg-sTan

mimarTebiT sirTuleebis danaxva, maTi gamomwvevi mizezebis Zieba da, aqedan

gamomdinare, saxelmZRvanelos avtorebisa Tu maswavleblebisTvis

rekomendaciebis micema iyo. mxatvruli teqstebis Seswavla da analizi

mSobliuri literaturis aqamdel saswavlo procesSi erTaderTi Tu ara,

yvelaze masStaburi iyo (literaturaSi mxolod mxatvruli teqstebi

iswavleboda), mosalodneli iyo, rom mxatvrul teqstTan dakavSirebuli

kiTxvebi ufro ioli unda yofiliyo dasaZlevad. kvlevebis Sedegad

miRebuli suraTi ki, rogorc vnaxeT, sxva rames gveubneba. marTalia,

moswavleebi SedarebiT iolad arTmeven Tavs mxatvruli teqstis formalur

analizs (mTavari Temis, mTavari personaJis dasaxelebas da mis daxasiaTebas

teqstSi eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis safuZvelze), magram uWirT

mxatvruli teqstis siRrmiseuli analizi, mxatvruli elementebiT

gadmocemuli informaciis moZieba, Sesabamisad analizi, Sefaseba. anu,

mxatvrul teqsts isini aRiqvamen, rogorc oden zedapirze mocemuli

informaciis gadmocemis saSualebas da ara sxvadasxva enobrivi da

gamomxatvelobiTi saSualebebiT, xedvis sxvadasxva kuTxiT danaxul

mxatvrul, warmosaxviT realobas.

am kvlevam gviCvena, rom Cveni konceptebi da orientirebi standartTan

dakavSirebiT, (literatura unda iswavlebodes, rogorc enis gamovlinebis

erT-erTi sfero, kerZod, esTetikuri, da misi swavleba swored am

esTetikuri, mxatvruli sinamdvilis amocnobis, aRqmis, analizisa da

Sefasebis unarze unda iyos orientirebuli da ara Sinaarsze), swori iyo.

aqamde moqmedi saswavlo gegma aso-bgeridan dawyebuli pirobiT-

daTmobiTi winadadebis CaTvliT yvelafers moicavda da moswavle

srulyofili lingvisturi kompetenciiT unda Sesuliyo umaRles

saswavlebelSi. SesaZloa, maT marTlac ician esa Tu is gramatikuli wesi

(mag. ra aris Se,masmeneli, zmna), magram kvlevam aCvena, rom maT Zalian

uWirT, praqtikulad teqstSi amoicnon „nacnobi gramatikuli wesi“

praqtikuli, funqciuri datvirTviT. esg-Si Cven ZiriTadi aqcenti

gadavitaneT enis gamovlinebis sferoebsa da praqtikuli, funqciuri

gramatikis sakiTxebze (formidan Sinaarsisken), raTa normatuli gramatikis

elementebi funqciuri gramatikis WrilSi mivawodoT moswavleebs da

gramatika swored teqstebis modelirebaSi daexmaros moswavles. kvleva

aCvenebs, rom orientacia normatuli gramatikidan funqciuri gramatikisken

swori nabijia.


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b. sainformacio teqsti

aqamde sainformacio, miznobrivi, weriTi da zepiri komunikaciis

teqstebi saerTod ar iswavleboda am saganSi. aqedan gamomdinare, bunebrivia,

rom Cven mier SerCeul sakvlev (sainformacio) teqstSi zedapirze

mocemuli TvalsaCino informaciis moZiebis garda, sxva operaciebi

(sainformacio teqstis struqtura, teqstSi urTierTkavSirebis danaxva,

mizani da auditoria da a. S.) met-naklebad problemuria. cxadia, es

marto qarTulis swavlebis problema ar aris. moswavles nebismieri sxva

sagnis gageba gauWirdeba, roca sainformacio, kidev ufro metad

msjelobiTi teqstebis analizi da modelireba uWirs. kvlevam daadastura,

rom swori iyo esg-Si enis komunikaciuri aspeqtebis Semotana da

esTetikurisa (mxatvruli literatura) da sainformacios (lingvisturi

aspeqtebi) gverdiT mesame sagnobrivi mimarTulebis (komunikacia, ritorika)

Semotana.

g. kvlevam daadastura, agreTve, skolis kulturis, pedagogis

kvlalifikaciisa da klasSi moswavleTa mcire raodenobis kontrolis

mniSvnelovani gavlena swavlebis Sedegebze.

kvlevis Sedegebi yuradsaRebia rogorc saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebisa

da pedagogebisTvis, aseve zogadad saswavlo procesis srulyofisTvis.

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6. ZiriTadi daskvnebi

1. mmaswavleblebis da moswavleebis sawyisi molodinebis Seswavla:

maswavleblebis da moswavleebis did umravlesobas dadebiTi

molodinebi aqvT zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis reformis mimarT.

kerZod, isini darwmunebulebi arian, rom axali reformiT bevri

sasikeTo cvlilebebi moxdeba, kerZod, gaumjobesdeba

saxelmZRvaneloebi, gaizrdeba moswavleebis saswavlo motivacia,

gaizrdeba skolis avtoriteti da a. S.

2. maswavleblebis sawyisi mdgomareobis Seswavlam gamoavlina:

maswavleblebis umravlesobas bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi ara aqvs

miRebuli Semdgomi profesiuli ganaTleba.

xelfasi araa maswavleblebisTvis Semosavlis ZiriTadi wyaro.

maswavlebelTa mxolod mcire raodenobas aqvs Tanamedrove

teqnikuri saSualebebis (kompiuteri, laboratoria) gamoyenebis

saSualeba.

klasSi moswavleTa raodenobis zrda iwvevs damatebiT problemebs

axali masalis aTvisebis mxriv.

moswavlisadmi individualuri midgoma arc ise farTod aris

gamoyenebuli VII-X klasis maswavleblebis mier.

moswavleebis Sefasebis yvelaze xSirad gamoyenebuli sistemaa

sakontrolo, sazepiro da weriTi saSinao davalebis Semowmeba.

3. gakveTilze dakvirvebis kvlevam gamoavlina:

I, VII da X klasis maswavleblebis swavlebis yvelaze

gavrcelebuli meTodia: didaqtikuri meTodi, sadac informaciis

miwodeba xdeba dialogis formiT, miwodebuli informacia aris

naTeli da pasuxobs kiTxvebs: ra, ratom, da sad? (amas

adasturebs respondentTa samive jgufis: maswavleblebis,

damkvirveblebis da moswavleebis pasuxebi). Tumca, damkvirveblebis

mixedviT, maswavleblebi saSualo efeqtianobiT iyeneben

didaqtikur meTods.

meTodebis gamoyenebis Sedareba Tveebis mixedviT (axali saswavlo

gegmis danergvis dawyebidan mesame, xuT, eqvs da rva TveSi)

miuTiTebs, rom maswavleblebis mier "monologis meTodis"

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gamoyeneba (tradiciuli leqcia, rodesac informaciis gadacema

xdeba monologis da ara dialogis formiT) mniSvnelovnad

mcirdeba. es gansxvaveba statistikurad sandoa. es SeiZleba

aixsnas maswavleblis mier specialuri momzadebis (treningis)

gavliT. danergvis merve TveSi maswavleblebi ukve acnobiereben,

rom monologi ar aris swavlebis efeqturi meTodi da,

Sesabamisad, amcireben mis gamoyenebas.

moswavlis transferis unar-Cvevis ganviTarebis xelSesawyobad,

maswavleblebi ufro metad axdenen Sidasagnobriv kavSirebsa da

naklebad gamoyenebiT sferoze da saganTaSoris kavSirebze

apelirebas. es maCvenebeli gansxvavdeba Tveebis mixedviT.

Sidasagnobrivi kavSirebis dafiqsireba danergvis merve TveSi

ufro metad xdeba, vidre mesame-meeqvse Tveebis CaTvliT. es

ukanaskneli Sedegi SesaZlebelia ganpirobebulia imiT, rom

maswavlebelTa profesionalizmi TandaTanobiT izrdeba.

unda aRiniSnos, rom dakvirvebis dasawyisSi anu mesame Tves

dakvirvebis Sedegebis mixedviT moswavleTa azrovnebis aqtivacia

ufro iSviaTad xdeboda, vidre Semdgomi dakvirvebis etapebze –

merve TveSi. es SesaZloa gamowveulia imiT, rom TandaTanobiT

mcirdeba maswavleblis mier monologis meTodis gamoyeneba.

azrovnebis aqtivaciis maRal maCveneblebze miuTiTebs Tavad

moswavleebis TviTSefasebebic. monacemebi aseve miuTiTebs, rom

gakveTilze gamoyenebuli meTodebidan azrovnebis aqtivaciis maRal

dones ganapirobebs sokratuli meTodi (problemuri SekiTxvebis

dasma...) da damoukidebeli samuSao.

gakveTilis procesSi moswavleebis destruqciuli reaqcia

naklebad SeimCneva. monacemebi miuTiTebs, rom maswavleblebs

ZiriTadad pozitiuri gamoxmaureba aqvT moswavleTa reaqciebze,

Tumca konstruqciuli gamoxmaurebis wili (rac xels uwyobs

swavlis swavlas) mainc arasakmarisia.

damkvirveblebi saerTo jamSi kmayofilni arian maswavleblebis

mier Catarebuli gakeTilis sxvadasxva aspeqtebiT: kerZod,

sivrcis da samuSaos organizeba, aqtivobebis organizeba,

gakveTilis droSi ganawileba, moswavlisTvis gankuTvnili

instruqciebis sicxade, maswavleblis keTilganwyobili

damokidebulebis gamovlena moswavleebis mimarT (maT Soris

Tvalis kontaqti), saxelmZRZRvanelos da TvalsaCinoebis

gamoyeneba da a. S. maswavleblebic aseve dadebiTad afaseben

sakuTar gakveTils.

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rogorc damkvirvebelTa, aseve maswavlebelTa pasuxebi miuTiTebs,

rom klasis umetesi nawili avlens dadebiT emociebs da

keTilganwyobilia maswavleblis mimarT.

4. ppirvelklaselTa kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT:

dadasturda, rom I klaseli moswavlis saswavlo motivaciaze

zemoqmedebs sxvadasxva faqtorebi: moswavlis saskolo mzaoba,

moswavlis unarebi, moswavlis mier saskolo warmatebis gancda,

swavlis Cvevebi, saskolo urTierTobebi da sxva. Tumca,

moswavlis motivacia yovelTvis ar aisaxeba mis saswavlo

Sedegebze.

moswavlis saskolo mzaobis blokidan mxolod moswavlis asaki

aRmoCnda kavSirSi moswavlis motivaciasTan. es Sedegi miuTiTebs

imaze, rom skolaSi moswavlis adreul asakSi (5 wlis) Seyvana,

ar aris rekomendirebuli, radgan SesaZloa, rom asakobrivi

moumwifeblobis gamo moswavlem dakargos swavlisadmi interesi.

xolo moswavlis winasaskolo momzadeba baRSi, ojaxSi an skolis

mosamzadebel jgufSi da mSoblis subieqturi Sefaseba imis

Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad mzad iyo moswavle skolaSi Sesvlisas ar

aris kavSirSi motivaciasTan.

aRmoCnda, rom moswavleebs, romelTac maswavleblebis azriT

kargad aqvT ganviTarebuli verbaluri, TviTmarTvis (moZraobis

kontrolis unari), kiTxvis, weris da ariTmetikis unarebi,

gamoirCevian ufro maRali saswavlo motivaciiT.

aRmoCnda, maswavlebeli ar muSaobs motoruli, socialuri da

sivrciTi unarebis ganviTarebaze. aseve, mSobelsac uWirs igive

unarebis Sefaseba. Sesabamisad, arc mSobeli da arc maswavlebeli

ver exmarebian moswavleebs am unarebis ganviTarebaSi.

aRmoCnda, rom moswavlis saskolo warmateba-warumateblobis

gancda dadebiTad ukavSirdeba mis saswavlo motivacias. kerZod,

moswavle, romlisTvisac sulerTi araa, Tu ra Sedegebs miiRebs

skolaSi da ramdenad warmatebuli iqneba, mas maRali saskolo

motivacia aqvs.

aRmoCnda, rom moswavles, romelsac ganviTarebuli aqvs swavlis

swavlis Cvevebi anu SeuZlia sakuTari namuSevris Sefaseba da

sakuTar Secdomebze swavla, ufro maRali saswavlo motivacia

aqvs. moswavlis mier usafuZvlod sakuTari Tavis Semowmeba ki

219

piriqiT, ufro aqveiTebs moswavlis motivacias, radganc igi sul

SfoTvis mdgomareobaSia, rom ar dauSvas Secdoma da amaSi Zalzed

bevr dros da energias xarjavs, rac Sedegad gvaZlevs mis mier

saswavlo procesisadmi uaryofiT damokidebulebis ganviTarebas.

aseTi moswavle skolas da saswavlo process aRiqvams, rogorc

misi SfoTvis wyaros. zedmet daZabulobas ki misTvis

warumatebloba moaqvs.

mniSvnelovani kavSiri aRmoCnda moswavlis maswavlebelTan

urTierTobis xasiaTsa da moswavlis motivacias Soris. es

miuTiTebs imaze, rom moswavle gansakuTrebiT mgrZnobiarea

maswavleblis mimarT, kerZod, mas rac ufro uadvildeba

maswavlebelTan urTierToba anu rac ufro dadebiTi

damokidebuleba aqvs mis mimarT, miT ufro maRali motivacia

uyalibdeba zogadad skolis mimarT.

moswavle-maswavleblis dadebiTi urTierTobis CamoyalibebaSi

gansakuTrebuli wvlili Tavad maswavlebels miuZRvis.

gamovlinda, rom wignierebisadmi ojaxis zogadi damokidebulebis

kavSiri moswavlis motivaciasTan; kerZod, rac ufro maRalia

ojaxis zogadi wignierebis maCvnebeli, miT ufro maRalia

moswavlis saskolo motivacia.

motivacia dadebiT kavSirSi aRmoCnda moswavlis saswavlo

datvirTvasTan (igulisxmeba davalebebze daxarjuli dro da

naklebi daZabuloba davalebebis Sesrulebisas). SegviZlia

davaskvnaT, rom moswavle Tu daZabulobis gareSe audis saswavlo

datvirTvas, maSin misi saskolo motivacia iqneba maRali.

moswavlis mier gakveTilebis gacdenis sixSire ukavSirdeba

moswavlis motivacias; kerZod, rac ufro xSirad acdens moswavle

gakveTilebs, miT ufro dabalia misi motivacia da piriqiT, rac

ufro xSirad eswreba moswavle gakveTilebs miT ufro maRalia

misi saskolo motivacia. rogorc Cans, gakveTilebis xSiri gacdena

arRvevs moswavlis saskolo reJims, rac Sedegad gvaZlevs imas,

rom moswavles ufro uZneldeba saskolo procesSi aqtiuri da

bunebrivi CarTva.

dadasturda, rom moswavlis swavlis Cvevebi da saswavlo

datvirTva moswavlis motivaciis gavliT zemoqmedebs moswavlis

saswavlo Sedegebze (kiTxvis teqnika da fonematuri sinTezi).

220

5. ufrosklaselebis motivaciis Tvisebrivi kvleva:

aRmoCnda, rom jerjerobiT skola ver akmayofilebs moswavleebis

interesebs, romelic sakmaod mravalferovania da moicavs

sxvadasxva SemecnebiT, sportul Tu xelovnebis sferoebs.

moswavlis skolisadmi motivaciis amaRlebisaTvis mniSvnelovani

xelSemwyobi faqtoria Tavad sagnis maswavlebelis mimarT

dadebiTi damokidebuleba. Tumca, roca sagani rTulia,

moswavleebis interesi sagnisadmi sustdeba. moswavleebis mier

dasaxelebuli SesaZlo Carevebi, riTac SesaZlebeli iqneba

swavlisadmi interesis aRdgena aris swavlebis meTodebis Secvla,

kerZod, axali masalis gasagebi eniT axsna, TvalsaCinoebis

gamoyeneba, moswavleebisadmi individualuri midgoma, jgufuri da

sxva Tanamedrove meTodebis gamoyeneba.

maswavleblebis mier gamoyenebuli fizikuri Zaladoba,

moswavleebis mxridan uaryofiTad aRiqmeba da iwvevs moswavleTa

motivaciis daqveiTebas.

sagulisxmoa, rom moswavleebs surT momTxovni maswavleblis

yola, magram akritikeben zedmet simkacres.

moswavleebs surT, rom maswavleblebma Secvalon maTTan

midgomis meTodebi da izrunon maT mimarT obieqturi da

samarTliani urTierTobis Camoyalibebaze;

6. skolis kulturis kvlevis mixedviT:

monacemebi (XII-X klasebi) adasturebs im mosazrebas, rom

dadebiTi saklaso garemo xels uwyobs moswavlis mier sakuTari

Tavis bednierad Sefasebas. moswavleebs, romlebic swavloben

megobrul da Sekrul klasSi, ufro metad ainteresebT skolaSi

siaruli da aqvT saswavlo motivacia. piriqiT, rodesac

moswavleebi swavloben dacalkevebul da aramegobrul klasSi,

skolaSi siarulisa da swavlis survili klebulobs.


urTierTobis stili, klasis marTvis stili, (urTierTgageba,

simkacre) zegavlenas axdens skolis garemos gansazRvraze.

maswavlebeli, romelic moswavleebis mier aRiqmeba, rogorc

mkacri da usamarTlo (yovelgvari garkvevis gareSe adanaSaulebs

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moswavles, amcirebs moswavles, mSoblebs ibarebs, direqtorTan

Civis da a.S.) uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens dadebiTi saklaso

garemos Camoyalibebaze; xolo maswavlebeli, romelic cdilobs,

miiRos samarTliani gadawyvetileba da arkvevs moswavlis

braleulobas (arkvevs ramdenad aris moswavle damnaSave, iZleva

rCevas da a.S) dadebiT zegavlenas axdens saklaso garemoze.

aRmoCnda, rom klasSi konkretuli RonisZiebebis xSiri Catareba

xels uwyobs dadebiTi saskolo garemos Camoyalibebas. rogorc

Cans, RonisZiebebze moswavleebs aqvT saSualeba ufro

daumegobrdnen erTmaneTs da ganaviTaron araformaluri

urTierTobebi. aseve, aRmoCnda, rom RonisZiebebi, xels uwyobs

klasis Sekrulobas (klasi araa danawevrebuli da moswavleebi

erTmaneTTan megobroben) da piriqiT, iq sadac ar tardeba msgavsi

RonisZiebebi ufro dabalia klasis Sekruloba.

kvlevis Sedegebis analizi miuTiTebs, rom ojaxi erT-erT

mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs dadebiTi saskolo garemos

Camoyalibebaze. kerZod, mSoblebi, romlebic interesdebian Tavisi

Svilis TanaklaselebTan urTierTobiT, xSirad dadian skolaSi

da interesdebian moswavlis swavliT, xels uwyoben moswavlis

dadebiTi saskolo garemos Camoyalibebas. amasTan, sainteresoa,

rom es exeba ufro metad im SemTxvevebs, rodesac orive mSobeli

aris aqtiuri da Tanabrad monawileobs moswavlis saskolo

cxovrebaSi.

aseve, moswavlis dadebiTi saskolo garemos SeqmnaSi kritikulia

mSoblebis damokidebuleba skolis da maswavleblebis mimarT.

mSoblis ndoba skolis da maswavleblis mimarT dadebiTad

aisaxeba saskolo garemoze (maT Svilebs aqvT ufro Sekruli da

megobruli klasi).

saskolo Rirebulebebis kvlevisas gamoikveTa Semdegi: Cvens mier

gamokiTxul skolebis moswavleebSi ar aris saswavlo

Rirebulebebi (akademiuri warmatebebi) wamyvani. Tumca,

gamoikveTa, rom gogonebis mier ufro metad xdeba am

Rirebulebebis mowoneba.

disciplinis aspeqtSi, moswavleebSi ufro metadaa arasaskolo

garemosTan dakavSirebuli discipinaruli normebi mniSvnelovani,

vidre saskolo garemosTan dakavSirebuli normebi.

urTierTobebis aspeqtSi moswavleTa jgufebSi damkvidebuli

normebia: megobris erTguleba, pirovnuli Rirsebis grZnobisadmi

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pativiscema da TviTpativiscema, jgufis saidumloebebis Senaxva

da pativiscema, Tanatolis daxmareba.

Cvens mier Seswavlil skolebSi ufro metad sWarbobs

arasaswavlo Rirebulebebisadmi daqvemdebareba, rogoricaa

pirovnul urTierTobebze da SromiT saqmianobasTan

dakavSirebuli aspeqtebze aqcentis gadatana.

rogorc gamokveTa, XII-X klasebis moswavleebis umravlesobas

Camoyalibebuli aqvT pirovnuli TviTcnobiereba, anu sakuTar

Tavze amyareben imedebs, rac maT aqtiur mdgomareobaSi ayenebs.

skolis direqtorebis kvlevam aCvena, rom direqtorTa

umravlesobas aqvs avtoritaruli marTvis stili, anu maT

miaCniaT rom skolis erTpirovnuli marTva aris Zalzed

efeqturi an sakmaod efeqturi.

kvlevis Sedegebi miuTiTebs, rom gamokiTxuli direqtorebis

umravlesobis azriT, maswavlebelTa umetesoba dainteresebulia

skolis reformiT da mxolod mcire nawils ar ainteresebs da

ar surs masSi monawileoba.

7. sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis integrirebuli swavlebis problemebis

kvleva:

integraciuli operaciebis waramatebiT Sesruleba (davaleba,

romelic moiTxovda geografiuli, istoriuli da samoqalaqo

ganaTlebis codnis integracias) SesZles mxolod calkeulma

moswavleebma. umravlesobisaTvis es davaleba Zalian rTuli

aRmoCnda, radgan maT ara aqvT ufro dabali ierarqiuli donis

operaciebi saTanadod ganvrcobil-gadatanili samive Sinaarsze,

amitom bunebrivad ferxdeba ufro rTuli operaciis Sesruleba.

maswavleblebs uWirT integrirebuli swavlebis problemebis

gacnobiereba: kerZod, ra aris codnisa da unarebis transferi,

rogor unda moxdes igi, ra aris sagnobrivi da saganTaSorisi

kavSirebi, ra aris saazrovno operaciebs Soris kavSirebi da a.S.

maswavleblebis TiTqmis naxevars gauWirda integrirebuli

swavleba. aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom maswavleblebs, romelTac ar

gauWirdaT integrirebuli swavleba, principSi arc miiCneven, rom

isini aswavlidnen integrirebulad. aramed TiToeuli

maswavlebeli Tavis nawils aswavlida e.w. “integrirebuli

saxelmZRvanelodan”;

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im maswavleblebs, romlebsac gauWirdaT integrirebuli

swavleba, miuTiTebdnen, rom maT ZiriTadad gauWirdaT erTi

Temis sxvadasxva sagnobriv WrilSi ganxilva.

maswavleblebi nakleb yuradRebas uTmoben saazrovno operaciebis

transfers sxvadasxva Sinaarsebze.

8. kvleva: "VII klasis moswavleTa Sedegis Sefaseba mSobliur enaSi

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis danergvis pirvel weliwads"

a. mxatvruli teqsti

miRwevis TiTqmis yvela doneze moswavleebs uWirT mxatvruli teqstis

gaazrebasa da analizTan dakavSirebuli operaciebi: sxvadasxva enobrivi

saSualebebiT gadmocemuli mxatvruli informaciis amocnoba, Sesabamisad,

gaanalizeba; uWirT ama Tu im metyvelebis tipisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

konstruqciebis amocnoba, maTi modelirebisa da funqcionirebis

kanonzomierebaTa SemCneva.

moswavleebi SedarebiT iolad arTmeven Tavs mxatvruli teqstis

formalur analizs (mTavari Temis, mTavari personaJis dasaxelebas da mis

daxasiaTebas teqstSi eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis safuZvelze),

magram uWirT mxatvruli teqstis siRrmiseuli analizi, mxatvruli

elementebiT gadmocemuli informaciis moZieba, Sesabamisad analizi,

Sefaseba. anu, mxatvrul teqsts isini aRiqvamen, rogorc oden informaciis

gadmocemis saSualebas da ara sxvadasxva enobrivi da gamomxatvelobiTi

saSualebebiT, xedvis sxvadasxva kuTxiT danaxul mxatvrul, warmosaxviT

realobas.

moswavleebs Zalian uWirT teqstSi amoicnon „nacnobi gramatikuli

wesi“ praqtikuli, funqciuri datvirTviT.


sakvlev (sainformacio) teqstSi zedapirze mocemuli TvalsaCino

informaciis moZiebis garda, sxva operaciebi (sainformacio teqstis

struqtura, teqstSi urTierTkavSirebis danaxva, mizani da auditoria da

a. S.) met-naklebad problemuria.

kvlevam agreTve daadastura skolis kulturis, pedagogis

kvlalifikaciisa da klasSi moswavleTa mcire raodenobis kontrolis

mniSvnelovani gavlena swavlebis Sedegebze.

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7. ZiriTadi rekomendaciebi

dawyebiT klasebSi

1. saswavlo Sedegze gavlenis gasazrdelad sasurvelia saxel-

mZRvaneloebSi da swavlebisas gaizardos winasaanbano periodis wili;

2. sasurvelia winasaanbano periodSi meti yuradReba daeTmos iseTi

sabaziso unarebis ganviTarebas, rogoricaa sivrciTi warmodgenebi da

natifi motorika.

3. sasurvelia, leqsikuri maragis gamdidrebas daeTmos jerovani

yuradReba da Tanmimdevrulad moxdes nacnobi sityvebis Semotana

sakiTxav masalad da ara mravaljer gameorebis Sedegad gazepirebuli

teqstis wakiTxva;

4. sasurvelia, metakurikulums anu swavlis swavlas - saswavlo qcevis

gacnobierebas, dagegmvasa da Cvevad formirebas meti yuradReba daeTmos,

radgan pirvelklaselebTanac ki, romelTac swavla mxolod 4 Tvis

dawyebuli aqvT, saswavlo qcevis damoukideblad warmarTva da

sakuTari Secdomebis aRmoCena axdens mniSvnelovan zegavlenas maT

saswavlo Sedegebze da swavlis motivaciaze.

zogadad swavlebisas

5. sasurvelia saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebma imuSavon moswavlis

saazrovno unarebis - codna, gageba, gamoyeneba, analizi, sinTezi da

Sefaseba Tanamimdevrulad (asakTan SesabamisobaSi) ganviTarebaze.

6. swavlis swavlas miqces gansakuTrebuli yuradReba, raTa davexmaroT

moswavles saswavlo procesis gacnobierebaSi da dagegmvaSi.

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integrirebuli swavlebisas

7. sasurvelia jerovani yuradReba daeTmos elementaruli operaciebis

gavarjiSebas da gadatanas erTi Sinaarsidan meoreze.

8. maswavleblis wignSi gansakuTrebuli adgili daeTmos Tematuri

kavSirebis warmoCenas.

9. Caematos maswavleblebis treining programaSi specialuri bloki,

romelic daexmareba maswavlebels transferis teqnikis aTvisebaSi.

10. gamaxvildes yuradReba Tematuri kavSirebis gamoyofisa da

interpretaciis teqnikis aTvisebaze.

VII klasSi qarTulis swavlebisas

a. mxatvruli teqsti

11. mizanSewonilia, saswavlo procesSi meti yuradReba daeTmos

mxatvruli teqstis siRrmiseul analizs: nawarmoebis enobriv-

gamomxatvelobiT saSualebebze muSaobas, saxeobrivi metyvelebis,

mxatvruli xerxebis, saxe-simboloebis gagebasa da interpretacias. es

moswavleebs daexmareba aRiqvan mxatvruli literatura, ara rogorc

oden zedapirze mocemuli informacia, aramed rogorc sxvadasxva

enobrivi da gamomxatvelobiTi saSualebebiT, sxvadasxva kuTxiT

danaxuli mxatvruli, warmosaxviTi realoba. mxatvruli literaturis

swavleba esTetikuri, mxatvruli sinamdvilis amocnobis, aRqmis,

analizisa da Sefasebis unarze unda iyos orientirebuli da ara

mxolod Sinaarsze, teqstSi eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis

gagebasa da damaxsovrebaze.

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12. mizanSewonilia, maswavlebelma ZiriTadi aqcenti gadaitanos enis

gamovlinebis sferoebsa da praqtikuli, funqciuri gramatikis

sakiTxebze (formidan Sinaarsisken), raTa normatuli gramatikis

elementebi funqciuri gramatikis WrilSi mivawodoT moswavleebs da

gramatika swored teqstebis modelirebaSi daexmaros maT.


13. am sagnis swavlebisas, mxatvruli teqstebis gverdiT, gansakuTrebuli

yuradReba unda mieqces sainformacio da msjelobiTi xasiaTis,

miznobrivi, weriTi da zepiri komunikaciis teqstebs, maTi gagebis,

analizisa da SefasebisTvis mniSvnelovani operaciebisa da unar-Cvevebis

dauflebas. es erTnairad mniSvnelovania rogorc qarTulis, aseve sxva

sagnebis swavlebisas. moswavles nebismieri sxva sagnis gageba

gauWirdeba, Tu am tipis teqstebis analizi da modelireba uWirs.

aseve mniSvnelovania yuradReba mieqces enis komunikaciur aspeqtebs da

igi esTetikurisa (mxatvruli literatura) da informaciulis (codna

enis Sesaxeb) gverdiT damkvidrdes saswavlo procesSi.

14. zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonilia saswavlo procesSi

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmos sxvadasxva tipis aramxatvruli

teqstis analizisa da modelirebisaTvis aucilebeli ligvisturi

kompetenciis dauflebas, sintaqsuri konstruqciebisa da stiluri

maxasiaTeblebis analizs da, saerTod, enobrivi movlenebis gaazrebas

funqcionirebis TvalsazrisiT.

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8. mokle daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi inglisur enaze

The National Curriculum and Assessment Center (NCAC)

The Main Conclusions and Recommendations:

Piloting Study 2005-2006

1. Research into initial expectations held by teachers and students revealed the following:

The vast majority of teachers and students holds positive expectations in relation to school reform. They believe that the reform will bring many positive changes. Namely, it will improve manuals, increase students’ motivation to study, will make the school more prestigious, etc.

2. Research into teachers’ initial expectations showed the following:

Most teachers have not received later professional education. Salary is not the main source of teachers’ income. They have other additional sources of income as well. Only small number of teachers has the opportunity to use modern equipment and facilities (computers, laboratory). Increased number of students in the classroom causes additional problems related to acquisition of the new material. According to the preliminary research individual approach to teaching is not very actively used by teachers in VII-X grades. The most common teaching method is the use of the same material with the students at different levels and asking them to do the assignment at a different pace.The most common evaluation system applied to students is the checking of tests, as well as of oral and written home work which is done on a daily basis.

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3. Observations held during the lesson showed the following:

The most common teaching method used in grades I, VII and X is the didactic method, which implies the provision of information in the form of monologue. Information provided is clear and answers the following questions: What, Where and Why. (This is confirmed by all the three groups of respondents – responses given by students, teachers and observers.) However, according to observers, the use of the didactic method by teachers is moderately effective.

Comparison of the utilization of methods by months (the third, fifth, sixth and eighth months of the implementation of the new curriculum in piloting schools) indicates that the use of the monologue method (traditional lecture, which implies the transmission of information through monologue rather than dialogue) is considerably decreasing. The difference is statistically significant. This could be explained by the fact that teachers attend special trainings. In the eighth month of the implementation they already realize that monologue is not an effective teaching method and, consequently, start to use it less actively.

To encourage the development of transfer skills with students, teachers more emphasize intra-disciplinary relations, rather than inter-disciplinary relations or the application of the given material. Teachers’ ability to encourage student’s transfer skills manifests differently by months. In the eighth month of implementation (in April), intra-disciplinary relations are better identified compared to the period from November to February. This result indicates that teachers’ have become more professional.

It has to be noted that at the beginning of observation or in the third month of the implementation, students’ high level thinking activity was not stimulated as much as in a later observation period - in the eighth month of the implementation. This might be caused by the fact that teachers started to less frequently apply the monologue method. Activation of the high level thinking is also indicated by students’ self-evaluations. The findings also show that out of the methods used during the lesson, the Socratic method and independent work stimulate the thinking process most.

Students’ destructive reaction is less observed during the lesson. Findings indicate that teachers mainly positively respond to students’ reactions, although according to observers, the share of constructive responses, which assist learning how to learn, is not yet large enough.

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On the whole, observers are satisfied with the management style used by teachers, which implies space and work arrangement, organizing teacher and student’s activity, lesson planning in terms of time, clarity of instructions given to students, manifestation of the teacher’s benevolence to students (including eye contact), utilization of manuals and visual material, etc. Teachers also positively evaluate their lessons.

It is interesting to note that according to both observers and teachers, most students in the class manifest positive emotions and hold a positive attitude towards the teacher.

4. Findings obtained with first grade students revealed the following:

Different factors have an impact on the student’s learning motivation. These are the student’s readiness to go to school, his/her abilities, experience of success related to school achievements, learning skills, school relationships, etc. However, the student’s learning motivation is not always reflected in his/her results.

In the bloc of the questions for school related readiness, only the student’s age is related to the student’s motivation. This outcome suggests that it is not recommended to take children to school at a very young age (at the age of 5), since due to insufficient biological maturity the student might lose interest in learning. At the same time, the student’s preschool preparation in kindergarten, family or school preparatory classes as well as the parent’s subjective evaluation of her child’s readiness to go to school, are unrelated to motivation.

It turned out that the students who have well developed verbal, self - control (movement control), reading, writing and arithmetical skills, are characterized with high learning motivation.

It turned out, that teachers do not work on the development of motor, social or spatial abilities because they are not able to assess the child on these parameters. The parents also find it difficult to assess these abilities. Consequently, neither parents, nor teachers help the students to develop these abilities.

It turned out that that the student’s experience of school related success or failure (the parent’s ability to identify the school related success or failure

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experienced by her child) positively relates to the student’s motivation. In particular, the student who takes seriously his school achievements and success has high school motivation.

The students who have well developed skills of learning how to learn or can assess his/her own work and learn from one’s own mistakes have higher learning motivation. On the other hand, when a student inappropriately checks himself, this reduces the student’ s motivation since the student experiences permanent anxiety when trying not to make a mistake. This takes a lot of his time and energy, which results in a negative attitude towards the learning process. Such a student perceives the school and the learning process as a source of anxiety and too much tension brings failure instead of success.

Significant correlation has been recorded between the type of teacher-student relationship and the student’s motivation. This points to the fact that at the beginning of school life, the student is especially sensitive to teachers. In particular, the easier it is to relate to the teacher or the more positive his attitude towards the teacher is, the higher school related motivation will be.

It has to be taken into consideration that the teacher makes important contribution into the development of positive teacher-student relationship.

The family’s general attitude towards education is related to the student’s motivation: the higher the family’s erudition/education is, the higher the student’s school motivation will be.

Motivation positively correlates with the student’s work load which is measured by the time spent on homework and the easiness of coping with assignments without any tension. We can conclude that if the student does assignments without any tension, his learning motivation will be high.

The student’s health or the frequency of attending lessons correlates with learning motivation or the more frequently the student misses lessons the lower his motivation is and vice versa; i.e. the more frequently he attends lessons the higher his school motivation is. It seems that rare attendance of lessons disturbs the student’s school regime as a result of which it becomes more difficult for students to get involved in the learning process in a spontaneous and natural way.

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The student’s learning skills and the amount of material, determined by the teaching plan (curriculum and meta - curriculum) determine the results of learning process (reading technique and phonematic synthesis) via motivation, whereas other factors (the so - called learning environment factors) are not important in terms of learning outcomes.

5. Research into the motivation of high grade students:

It has turned out that school is not yet able to meet the student’s interests that are quite wide and cover different areas, like sport, art, etc.

It is interesting to note that a positive attitude towards the teacher largely contributes to school related motivation; however, when the subject is difficult the student’s motivation to learn the subject decreases. The students named the potential means of intervention that can increase interest in learning. These include the change of teaching methods, which implies the explanation of new material in an easily understandable language, using visual material, individual approach to students, using group methods and other modern methods.

The physical violence used by teachers as one of the disciplinary methods is negatively perceived by students and reduces the students’ motivation.

It is also worth noting that students want to have demanding teachers, but they criticize violence and excessive strictness. That is why the students want the teachers to change their approach to them and try to develop positive relations with students, be more impartial and fair. As for manuals, in some cases students perceive them as deficient - too complicated or too simplified, containing insufficient information, lacking diversity and not being able to develop general skills. They reduce students’ interest.

This kind of qualitative research revealed the main reasons interfering with the student’s active involvement into the learning process. It is necessary to take these reasons into consideration and plan the learning process in an effective way.

6. Research into school culture:

Findings obtained from X - XII grade students confirm that a positive atmosphere in the classroom helps students to perceive themselves as happy people. The students who think that their class is friendly and

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coherent also think that they are lucky to study in the given school and the given class. Students from a friendly and coherent class are more motivated to attend lessons and learn. On the other hand, students from non-friendly and incoherent classes are less motivated to attend school lessons or learn.

Teachers’ attitude towards students, his/her relationship style as well as class management style (mutual understanding, strictness) influence school atmosphere. The teacher, who is perceived by students as strict and unfair (who blames the student without looking into the matter, humiliates the student, tells him to bring parents to school, complains to the head master, etc), has a negative impact on the class atmosphere. Contrary to this, the teacher who tries to take a fair decision and find out how guilty the student is, who gives advice, etc., creates a positive atmosphere in the class.

Organizing class events/activities contributes to the creation of positive atmosphere. It seems that when attending events, the students have a better opportunity to make friends with each other and develop informal relations. It also turned out that events and activities make the class more coherent. The classes that do not organize activities, the coherence level is not so high.

Analysis of research results suggests that family is one of the most important factors contributing to the formation of school environment/atmosphere. Parents who are interested in the relationship of their children with their classmates, their children’s achievements and often visit the school contribute to the formation of a positive school environment. This applies more to the cases where both parents are active and equally participate in school life. Also, the parents’ positive attitude to the school and school teachers is critical for the creation of the student’s positive school environment. Parents’ trust in the school and teachers has a positive effect on school environment (their children’s class is friendly and coherent). Naturally, parents’ values and attitudes influence students and this might have a certain impact on the student school relationships. Also, with the parents’ help, teachers organize more class activities, which, in its turn, contributes to the creation of a positive school atmosphere.

Research into school values showed the following: Among the interviewed students school values are not leading values, and, therefore, they are not interiorized values at the group level. However, it turned out that girls like these values more than boys.

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The disciplinary norms related to non-school environment are better interiorized by students than school related norms.

Relationship related norms are mainly elaborated at the group level. Here are the examples of interiorized relationship related norms: being loyal to friends, respecting the person’s dignity and self-respect, keeping secret the group’s confidential information and respecting such confidentiality, helping peers.

We can conclude that in the schools covered by the present research the values unrelated to learning are more important; i.e. the emphasis is made on interpersonal relations and working activity.

It is clear that X- XII grade students have already developed self-awareness or rely on themselves, which makes them active. This is a precondition for being an active, self-actualized person in the future.

Another interesting finding concerns the head masters of the schools in question. Research shows that most head masters use authoritarian management style or they believe that such a management style is very effective or quite effective. This might be impeding reform to a certain extent. Research findings also suggest the following:

The majority of interviewed head masters believe that most teachers show interest in school reform and only a very small number of teachers does not show any interest and is not willing to participate in it. This sounds quite optimistic.

7. Research into integrative teaching of social sciences:

The majority of students were unable to perform integrative tasks that require usage of knowledge and skills from the different social science subjects such as Geography, Civics and History. It may be caused by the lack of transfer skills developed during the teaching of integrative subject. Low level thinking operations as well as high level thinking operations are not well expanded from one content to another.

Teachers have difficulties to be aware of problems related to integrative teaching: what is knowledge and skill transfer, how it could be accomplished, etc.

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As research revealed, in fact, teachers have not thought that they were teaching in the integrative way as mostly they were teaching only their own part (subject) from the “integrative social science manual”;

Research reveled that teachers are mostly aware of the problems related to the content transfer (to make connections between what student study in different areas: something from another subject matter of out of school lives). “Skill transfer” problems are not even noticed by teachers.

Recommendations:

In the elementary classes:

It is important to enhance pre-vocabulary period in the manual and to pay more attention to the development of spatial and motor skills.

The step by step approach should be used in development of lexical material in the manual.

it is desirable to pay more attention to meta - curriculum (becoming aware of learning behavior, its planning, formation of learning skills), since even with I grade students, who have started learning for 4 months only, independent implementation of learning behavior and discovery of one’s own mistakes has an important impact on the students’ achievements.

In general teaching:

Manuals should consider the importance of thinking skills development – (knowledge, understanding, application, analyzing, synthesis and evaluation) in accordance to the student’s age.

To focus on importance of teaching of “learning to learn” skills in order to help student to monitor and plan own thinking process.

In integrative teaching:

To exercise transfer of elementary operations from one content to another.

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In the manuals thematic connections should be highlighted.

In teachers’ training program special bloc should be devoted to the teaching of the transfer techniques.

Implementation Study:"Assessment of VIIth graders' attainment in relation to the national curriculum

standards in Georgian Language and Literature" 2007

In general, VIIth graders can deal better with questions related to literary texts than with questions related to Informational texts.

Literary Text:

1. Students can easily retrieve information that is explicitly stated in the text (roles), however they find it difficult to retrieve such information that is in deeper layers and expressed in literary meanings. The most difficult is to find information that is related to the structure of the language (sentences without verb, etc.).

2. The half of the students can understand “the word in the context”. 3. The majority of the students can understand who is the main actor of the story,

but have difficulties to make argument on their conclusion. 4. The majority of the students have difficulties to understand the main idea of

the story (even when it is offered in multiple choice format); 5. Students have difficulties to understand the “title” of the story (to connect it to

the main idea of the story). The majority of students can connect the title to the main activities of the main actor of the story.

6. Students have difficulties to analyze the text independently, especially to analyze the fragment, where the content is expressed by literary meanings.

7. Students have difficulties to evaluate the text: to express own opinion regarding the problem stated in the story.

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8. Students have difficulties to analyze the typological characteristics of the main actor.

Informational Text:

1. The majority of students can easily retrieve concrete information from the text, but have difficulties to retrieve information that is located in the different parts of the text and requires to make connection;

2. Students can understand the auditory of the text, but have difficulties to understand the purpose.

3. Students have difficulties to understand the structure of the text 4. Students have difficulties to analyze (to make causal inferences, summarizing

paragraph)5. Majority of students can assess the text successfully based on the explicitly

stated information, but have difficulties to make conclusions based on integration of the content of the text with own experience;

Sociological Data:

1. Score on the test is related to the sex of the child. Girls have higher scores than boys.

2. Score on the test is related to the teacher and school of the student. 3. Score on the test is not related to the author of the curriculum. 4. Score on the test is related to the number of children studying in the

classroom. In the case when there are 20 and less children in the classroom students mean scores on the test are higher than in the case when there are more than 20 children in the classroom.

237

9. gamoyenebuli literatura

1. erovnuli saswavlo gegma, meore redaqcia (2006);

2. Sefasebisa da gamocdebi erovnuli centri (2004). saxelmwifo

Sefaseba qarTul enaSi, I-IV klasebi, mopovebulia veb-saiTidan:

http://www.naec.ge/;

3. Atkin, M., Black, P., and Coffey, J. (2005) Classroom Assessment and the National Science Education Standards: A Guide for Teaching and Learning by National Research Council;

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12. OECD - Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (1999) Measuring student knowledge and skills. A new framework for assessment. Paris: OECD;

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14. Resnick, L. (1987). Learning to think. Washington, DC: National Academy press;

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16. Robinson, C. (2002)., Real World Research, Second Edition, UK: Blackwell Publishers

17. Sanders, W. L., and J. C. Rivers. (1996). Cumulative and Residual Effects of Teachers on Future Student Academic Achievement. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Value-Added Research and Assessment Center;

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19. Smith, T. M., B. A. Young, Y. Bae, S. P. Choy, and N. Alsalam. (1997). TheCondition of Education 1997 (NCES 97–388).U.S. Department of Education,National Center for Education Statistics.Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office;

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(1991). Education Counts (NCES 91–634) Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office;

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