Erori radiografii intraorale

8/13/2019 Erori radiografii intraorale

1/97

LUJUM IL ULDHMWDUL D

NMHFLHJU MAYUDJUDHL

Fuhufmrm - Dhhda @. Ndrfda


2/97

[ursl il lrjdrl rdimjhj`mk @ljfltrml

Lxpualrl

_rjklsdrl

Fdampuhdrl


3/97


4/97

_hdsdrld nmhfuhum _hdsdrl vlrtmkdh makjrlkt

tmlrld dplxuhum sdu d kjrjdalm

_hdsdrl jrmzjatdh makjrlkt rdimj`rdnmlrld dhtjr imam

Kjfemadrld klhjr iju njdrtl

nrlkvlat


5/97


6/97

Lrjrmhl il phdsdrl jrmzjatdh d nmhfuhum iuk hdrdimj`rdnmlrld dhtjr imam ilkt d klhjr maimkdmEmtlwma`au sl jeslrv amkm dfemm prlfjhdrm m amkmdfemm fjhdrm (pdkmlat prld tar platru d prlzlatdfjhdrmm MMM)


7/97

Lrjrm kjfemadtl il phdsdrl jrmzjatdh m vlrtmkdh drlklptjruhum dpdr ilstuh il nrlkvlat.Udimj`rdnml plrmdpmkdh7 kure ilsklailat pmlrilrld iltdhmmhjr prmvmai dplxurmhl m suprdnddflzmdh d prmfuhum prlfjhdr.


8/97

[uprdpualrl prjxmfdh

[uprdpualrld suprdnllhjrprjxmfdhl il sfdh ima kduzdda`uhdmlm jrmzjatdhl `rlmtl d

rdzlm klatrdhl \aljrm, ua jdrlkdrl `rdi il

suprdpualrl lstl malvmtdemh

\a`cmuh dilkvdt il da`uhdrljrmzjatdh lstl iltlrfmadt ilnjrfd drkdilhjr ilatdrl m ildhmamlrld imamhjr


9/97

Da`uhdmd

jrmzjatdh tda`lat

hd suprdnllhl il

kjatdkt prjxmfdhldhl imamhjr

fmamfmzldz

suprdpualrld

Udimj`rdnm l emtlwma`


10/97

[uprdpualrld prjxmfdh lstlfmamfmzdt prma njhjsmrld ualm

akhmarm kjrlktl pl jrmzjatdh d

rdzlm S

Fjhdr

_rlfjhdr

Kdama

Makmsmv


11/97

[uprdpualrld prjxmfdh rlzuht ima da`uhdrld

jrmzjatdh rlmt.a dklst kdz, suprdpualrld lstl ima kd a kl fdmdkklatudt il hd prlfjhdrm hd fjhdrm da`uhdmljrmzjatdh prld fmk


12/97

Daùhdml jrmzjatdh kjrlktplatru emtlwma` il fjhdrm. Udzdklatrdh lstl tda`lat hdsuprdnllhl il kjatdkt prjxmfdhldhl imamhjr

Daùhdml jrmzjatdh makjrlkt. \a

ua`cm jrmzjatdh prld fdrl prjiuklj suprdpualrl ima kl a kl fdmdkklatudt imasprl F sprl _F

Daùhdml jrmzjatdh makjrlkt.\a ua`cm jrmzjatdh prld fmkprjiukl j suprdpualrl ima kl

a kl fdm dkklatudt imasprl _Fsprl F


13/97

Lhja`drld m skurtdrld

Fdm nrlkvlatl hd tlcamkdemslktjdrlm

Lhja`drld7 ua`cm vlrtmkdh prldfmk

[kurtdrld7 ua`cm vlrtmkdh prldfdrl

Ulflfelr7 kai sjdrlhl lstlsus, uferd lstl skurt2 kaisjdrlhl lstl gjs, uferd lstl

hua`


14/97

D

E

K

emslktjr

rlklptjr

Ylcamkd emslktjdrlm sl edzldz pl prmakmpmuhmzjfltrmlm


15/97

Ylcamkd emslktjdrlm sl

edzldz pl prmakmpmuhmzjfltrmlm. Idk rdzd

klatrdh lstl plrpla-imkuhdr pl emslktjdrld

mfd`madr imatrl dxuhimatlhum m rlklptjr,

dpdrl j frmrl fmamf d

imatlhum

emslktjdrl DK 6 EK

K

D E


16/97

! Imam fuhtmrdimkuhdrm !


17/97

_latru tlcamkdpdrdhlhmsfuhum,

da`uhdmd vlrtmkdhtrleuml s iuk hd

plrplaimkuhdrmtdtldimatrl UK m dxuh

hua` dh imatlhum

[prl iljslemrl il tlcamkd emslktjdrlm,dhua`mrld sdu skur tdrld mfd`mam m suat

mfprjedemhl kai sl njhjsltl tlcamkd

pdrdhlhmsfuhum


18/97

[kurtdrld imamhjr lstl kduzdt il ua

ua`cm vlrtmkdh prld fdrl (tlcamkdemslktjdrlm)


19/97

Jidt ku skurtdrld imatlhum m dplxuh

ilatdr ilvmal alkhdr (vlzm vrnuhfjauflatuhum ima irldptd)

[kurtdrldakhmadrl vlrtmkdh prld fdrl


20/97

Dplxuhfjauflatuhum lstl

pmlriut prma skurtdrldmfd`mamm


21/97

Lhja`drld prjpjrmjadhdpdrl kai `rdiuh il

imstjrsmjadrl d mfd`mamm lstll`dh pl tjdt mfd`mald2 ua`cmvlrtmkdh prld fmk.Udimj`rdnmd trleuml rlpltdt(rdimj`rdnmlplrmdpmkdhnrdplxurm)


22/97

Da`uhdrl makjrlkt vlrtmkdh (prld fdrl)m jrmzjatdh (prld imstdh)7 skurtdrl msuprdpualrld suprdnllhjr prjxmfdhl

Kjfemadrld lrjrmhjr il da`uhdrl d UK


23/97

aijmrld rlklptjruhum Jrmzjatdh dhua`mrl

imsprjpjrmjadt

^lrtmkdh imatl `rds

Kjfemadt lnlktuh ilsdh d j`hmazmhjr


24/97

aijmrld jrmzjatdh d nmhfuhumiukl hd frmrld imsprjpjrmj-adt d mfd`mamhjr. Klh fdmnrlkvlat, kjrjdalhl ilatdrlsuat rlhdtmv alimstjrsmjadtl m

rikmamhl suat prj`rlsmvdhua`mtl, ku kld fdm fdrlimstjrsmual prlzlat hd amvlhuhdplxurmhjr

Dhua`mrl imsprjpjrmjadt


25/97

Dhua`mrld imsprjpjrmjadt ima kduzd aijmrmm jrmzjatdhld nmhfuhum lstl ilstuh il kjfua platru rl`muamhlfjhdrl fdxmhdrl prma aijmrld rlklptjruhum pl ua pdhdtkjejrt2 pjdtl dprld a kdzuh utmhmzrmm tlcamkmm pdrdhl-hmsfuhum platru rdimj`rdnmmhl plrmdpmkdhl platru F


26/97

aijmrld vlrtmkdh dnmhfuhum (nrlkvlat kai

il`ltlhl pdkmlatuhumsuat imspjzm t mvu hilpjzmmjadrl)2 rlzuhtdtuhlstl j hr`mrl dpdrlat dimamhjr, kd a rdimj`rdnmdprlzlatdt (kdama!)


27/97

Imstjrsmuald pjdtl nm dtt jrmzjatdh, kt mvlrtmkdh idk rlklptjruh lstl aijmt adfelhl imrlkmm a dklhdm tmfp

Imatl kl

lxlkut ua

idas cuhd imakduzd aij mr mm

jrmzjatdhl m

vlrt mk dhl d

n m hfuhu m


28/97

Mfd`mal a kld

^merdrld tueuhum

Fmkdrldpdkmlatuhum

Fmkdrldrlklptjruhum


29/97

Drtlndktl il fmkdrl7 akljdrld

mfd`mamm lstl kduzdt il fmkdrld atmfpuh lxpualrmm d tueuhum, pdkmlatuhumsdu rlklptjruhum. [l rlkjfdaiskurtdrld tmfpmhjr il lxpualrl


30/97

Drtlndktl il fmkdrlkjfemadtl ku dhua`mrlimsprjpjrmjadt (aijmrldjrmzjatdh d nmhfuhum),prjedemh ima kduzd fmkrmmtueuhum sdu d pdkmlatuhum

Drtlndktl il fmkdrlkjfemadtl ku pjzmmjadrlvlrtmkdh makjrlkt dnmhfuhumslfa kfmkdrld d njst kduzdtil ilphdsdrld nmhfuhum akursuh lxpualrmm


31/97

Mastdemhmtdtld tueuhum lstl prmakmpdhd

kduz il drtlndktl il fmkdrl pstrdmdpdrdtuh a pjzmml il rlpdus atrl

lxdfmarm platru d rliukl tlasmuald a

erduh dpdrdtuhum


32/97

Nmhf dhe (nr mfd`mal)

Ilvlhjpdt nr lxpualrl,

Nmxdt admatl il d nm

ilvlhjpdt Nmxdrl lxklsmv

_mlrilrld lfuhsmlm prma

sphdrl lxklsmv


33/97

Nmhf dhe


34/97

Nmhf al`ru (nr

mfd`mal) Lxpualrl hd hufma dhe

Ulvlhdrl lxklsmv

Lxpualrl lxklsmv


35/97

Nmhf al`ru


36/97

Mfd`malshde

Mfd`malilas

Mfd`mal kjrlkt


37/97

Mfd`mald shde [uelxpualrl

Lrjdrl il prjklsdrl7kjaklatrdmdsjhummhjr, tmfpuh sdu

tlfplrdturd


38/97

Mfd`mamhl shdel du ilasmtdtl skzut

m pjt nm dtrmeumtl lrjrmhl il

lxpualrl sdu prjklsdrl


39/97

[lazmtjfltrml.

[kcmfedrldsjhummhjr.


40/97

Mfd`mal suelxpus b^ prld fmk

fD prld fmk

Ymfp il lxpualrl prld fmk

^mtlzd rlklptjruhum prld fmkplatru pdrdfltrmm illxpualrl slhlktdm.

Imstdad surs rlklptjr prldfdrl

_hdsdrld mavlrs d nmhfuhum


41/97

_hdsdrld mavlrs d nmhfuhum iukl hdlxpualrl prma njmd il phufe. Mfd`mald

lstl shde (hufmajds) m sl vlil fjilhuh

njmlm il phufe

Fjilh a jdsl il clrma` sdu lpjhlmFjilh a davlhjp


42/97

_hdsdrld mavlrs d nmhfuhum


43/97

Ymfp il lxpualrl prld

skurt [ltdrl `rlmt Lhmelrdrl prlfdtur d

eutjauhum il ilkhdadrl


44/97

Mfd`mal shde

(prjklsdrl) Ulvlhdtjr rlkl Ymfp il rlvlhdrl prld skurt

Ulvlhdtjr shde sdu kjasufdt

Nmxdrl lxklsmv


45/97

Mfd`mamhl shdel suat

nrlkvlat rlzuhtdtuh hmpslm ilfprjsptdrl d sjhummhjrkcmfmkl.


46/97

Mfd`mam ilasl Ndktjrm il lxpualrl

_rjklsdrlakljdrl


47/97

Mfd`mal ilas7 ualjrm dklstld pjt nmmatlrprltdtl njhjsmai j hufma matlas kduzd au lstl akljdrld sdu iuehdlxpualrl


48/97

Mfd`mald ilas (lxpualrl) b^ prld fdrl

fD prld fdrl

Lxpualrl ailhua`dt Ulklptjr prld rdpmi platru

pdrdfltrmm slhlktdm Imstdad surs rlklptjr

prld fmk Lxpualrl iueh


49/97

Lxpualrld iueh7

Nmhfuh lstl fdm ilas /atualkdt ilkt il jemklm.[l pjt jeslrvd makmsmvmmsuprdpum, ku imrlkmm jpusl


50/97

5 jrmlatrm imnlrmtl pl dklhdm nmhf kuiueh lxpualrl


51/97

Iueh lxpualrl7 s-d njhjsmt dklhdm nmhfplatru j rdimj`rdnml plrmdpmkdh F hd amvlhfdxmhdr dtt pl pdrtld irldpt, kt m plpdrtld sta`


52/97

Mfd`mal ilas (prjklsdrl) Ulvlhdtjr nmlrematl

Ymfp prld fdrl il rlvlhdrl

Ulvlhdtjr prld putlramk sduprld fuht


53/97

Mfd`mal ilas

(akljdrl) ^lkcmfl m ilpjzmtdrl

Hufma dhe sdu il

sm`urda Udimdml imnuzdt

Khiur

Ndktjrm kcmfmkm


54/97

akljdrl7 kcmdr mrdimjpdkmtdtldjeturdmmhjr dpdrl `rm

akljdrld didt j tlat il`rm atrl`mm

mfd`mam2pmlrilrldkjatrdstuhumsfdhuhum


55/97

Kjaimmmhl ima kdflrd jeskur pjt nm tlstdtl njhjsmai

tlstuh fjalzmhjr

Ulzuh tdt pjzm tmv dh tlstuhum

fjalzmhjr. Hd ua rlzuh tdt

al`dtmv au s-dr vlild

uail du njst fjalzmhl

Fjalzmhl suat phdsdtl pl ua nm hf

ilspdkcltdt a kjaimmmhl

jemaumtl ima kdflrd jeskur

tmfp il < fmautl m dpjm prjklsdt


56/97

_latru rdimjhj`mdkhdsmk (ku nmhf),

kjaimmmhl ima

kdflrd jeskursuat mfpjrtdatlplatru prlvlam-rld akljrmm


57/97

Nmhtruh njhjsmtplatru hufmadrjml trleuml s

kjrlspuaiklhum fdmslasmemh nmhfutmhmzdt


58/97

akljdrld (vlkcmfl m

ilpjzmtdrl) Nmhf lxpmrdt

Khiur (1 54j

K). Udimdmd S imsplrsdt /

imnuzdt


59/97

akljdrld

(hufmad vmzmemh) Hufma dhe a kdflrd

jeskur

Hufmad rjml7 tmfp, imstda,putlrl, nmhtru madilkvdt, nmhtrunmsurdt sdu tlrs

^lrmnmkdrl7 tlstuh fjalzmhjr


60/97

Mfd`mald makjfphlt tmlrld kjauhum (dhmamlrld

`rlmt d kjauhum m drlklptjruhum).

[kunuaidrl makjfphlt arlvlhdtjr a tmfpuh prjklsrmmfdaudhl.

_drtl hufmajds d nmhfuhumprma rlvlhdrl kjrlkt, idrnmxdrl ijdr d ualm prm imanmhf7 j pdrtl d lfuhsmlm lstl

pdrmdh alilvlhjpdt


61/97

Ymlrld kjauhum7 lrjrmhlfmajrl pjt nm m`ajrdtl idkau sl pmlri manjrfdmmimd`ajstmkl

Lrjrmhl fdgjrl alklsmtrlpltdrld nmhfuhum.


62/97


63/97

Ylstdrld dhmamlrmm kjauhum(a.e. imflasmuamhl fdxmfl dhlimdfltruhum rdzlm hd amvlhuh suprdnllm

il matrdrlpmlhl lstl il 0 kf platrurdimj`rdnmmhl matrdjrdhl


64/97

_ltl sdu hmamm dhel _mkturm il nmxdtjr admatld

rlvlhrmm Euhl il dlr a rlvlhdtjr

Lfuhsml z`rmdt dklstld dnlktldz il jemklm

j pdrtl d lfuhsmlm m suat

fdm il`rde hufmajdslilkt dhel.


65/97

Wja hufmajds (dhe)idtjrdt kjatdktuhumnmhflhjr a rlvlhdtjr akursuh prjklsrmm fdaudhl.Hd dpdrdtlhl il ilvlhjpdtdutjfdtl, dklst lnlkt lstlnjdrtl rdr.


66/97

Wjal hufmajdsl (dhel) imakduzd pmkturmhjr il nmxdtjrdguasl pl j pdrtl d lfuhsmlmiuehl admatl il prjklsdrl


67/97

Wja dhe ima kduzd skunuairmmmasunmkmlatl a rlvlhdtjr a kursuhprjklsrmm fdaudhl. ^dhurmhl m euhlhl ilhd suprdnd suat lvmilatl.


68/97

D`mtdrld lxklsmv sdu

prld rlius a rlvlhdtjr

pjt kduzd dpdrmmd uajr

zjal hufmajdsl prmanjrfdrld uajr euhl il

dlr atrl suprdnddnmhfuhum m suestdalhl

kcmfmkl.


69/97

Kjatdfmadrld nmhfuhum admatld prjklsrmm.@rsmfld d fpmlimkdt kjatdktuh ualm prm dnmhfuhum ku rlvlhdtjruh.


70/97

Kutdrld nmhfuhum


71/97

W`rmlrld lfuhsmlm7

Lfuhsmd lstl fjdhladmatl il uskdrl mpjdtl nm ujr z`rmdt akursuh ilvlhjprmmfdaudhl.Nmhflhl sl pjt hmpm atrllhl m iup uskdrl

aklrkdrld il ilzhmpmrlpjdtl iukl hd

ahturdrld lfuhsmlm(gjs)


72/97


73/97

Jkclhdrm


74/97

Imspjzmtmvl il

pjzmmjadrl dnmhflhjr


75/97

[lfal al`rl Kjatdfmadrl kcmfmk

(lx. sjhumm il nhujrur).

Kjatdfmadrl ku sdhmv (asjmtnrlkvlat il dilrlad crtmlmal`rl ima pdkclt).

_mkturm il rlvlhdtjr admatl ilprjklsdrl

Lxpualrl pdrmdh hd hufmad dhe

K t m


76/97

Kjatdfmadrl7Dsplkt ptdt ima kduzdrlvlhdtjruhum rfds pl nmhf

hd nmxdrl.Dkmi + Edz 6 [drl +Dp.[-d njrfdt ua prlkmpmtdt plsuprdndd nmhfuhum


77/97

Dfprlat ald`r dprut ima kduzdkjatdfmarmm nmhfuhum rdimjhj`mk

admatld prjklsrmm ku sjhuml il

nhujrur il pl fad jplrdtjruhum

K t m


78/97

Kjatdfmadrl7

idk sl njhjsltl ua nmhf m

sl prjiukl j kjatdfmadrl kusdhmv ima kduzd mfpjsmemhmt-mm il prjklsdrl mflimdt,crtmd ald`r pjdtl s dilrl

hd nmhfuh rdimjhj`mk


79/97

Kjatdfmadrld nmhfuhum admatld prjklsrmm

m mm


80/97

Hmamm al`rl

Ydfeurm furidrm ailvlhjpdtjruh dutjfdt

Ilskrkrm il

lhlktrmkmtdtl stdtmk (iljemklm a tmfpuhplrmjdilhjr ku ufmimtdtlskzut)


81/97

Hmpsd ualm kurrm rl`uhdtl dilvlhjpdtjruhum dutjfdt pjdtl iukl hddpdrmmd uajr hmamm al`rl irlptl pl

rdimj`rdnml


82/97

Edai vlrtmkdh il hd rjhlhl furidrl dhlfdmamm il ilvlhjpdrl dutjfdt


83/97

[lfal al`rl prma aijmrldnmhfuhum a guruh ua`cmlm.Drtlndktlhl sl lxtmaiimakjhj il hmfmtlhldadtjfmkl

Imatl nrdkturdt iup

ua trdufdtmsf. Hmamdil nrdktur sl jprltl

hd fdr`mamhl rikmamm


84/97

[lfal al`rl prmaaijmrld nmhfuhum aguruh ua`cmlm.

[lfal al`rl nkutl il


85/97

[lfal al`rl nkutl iljplrdtjr platru d phdsd nmhfuhfdm ujr

aijmrlvlrtmkdhd nmhfuhum


86/97

Ilskrkrm lhlktrmkl stdtmkl plrmjdil ku ufmimtdtl skzut


87/97

Ilskrkrm lhlktrmkl stdtmkl plrmjdil ku ufmimtdtl skzut


88/97

Mfd`mal kdnlaml [lpmd mflimdt iup

prjklsdrl7 rlvlhdtjr vlkcm

kdnlamu-`dhela iup

ktlvd sptfam sdu huam7sphdrl sdu nmxdrlmadilkvdtl

Hmpsd ualm sphrm


89/97

Hmpsd ualm sphrm

dilkvdtl d nmhflhjr iup

nmxdrl iukl hd jfetramrl rdpmi akursuh drcmvrmm, ilvlamai

il almatlrprltdt.

tlstuh cypj


90/97

Mfd`mal kdnlaml prma hmpsd ualm sphrmkjrlspuaztjdrl d nmhfuhum iup nmxdrl


91/97

Mfd`mal vlril Nmxdrl makjfphlt, il

jemklm prma hmpmrld

nmhflhjr a kursuhprjklsrmm

Mfd`mal vlril prma


92/97

Mfd`mal vlril prmaplrsmstlad lfuhsmlm

rdimjslasmemhl (vlril).

(sus) nmhfuh d njst dtddtil ua dht nmhf a kursuhprjklsrmm dutjfdtl jpdrtl d nmhfuhum au d njst

kurdt

(gjs) nmhfuh d njst pdrmdh akjatdkt ku dht nmhf akursuh prjklsrmmdutjfdtl


93/97

Imvlrsl Dsplkt fukdt il fjhmm7

lxpualrl madilkvdt

Dsplkt rltmkuhdr7 krpdrldlfuhsmlm prma imnlrlal fdrm iltlfplrdtur atrl rlvlhdtjr,

nmxdtjr m / sdu dp

ndhda`mjf il`lt phdsdt andd rlklptjruhum2 dhtl kjrpurmstrmal

Dsplkt rltmkuhdr7


94/97

Dsplkt rltmkuhdr7

krpdrld lfuhsmlm

prma imnlrlal fdrmil tlfplrdtur atrl

rlvlhdtjr, nmxdtjr m /

sdu dp

Dsplktuh fakdt il

fjhmm lstl dtrmeumt

lxpualr m m lxklsmv il fmkm.


95/97

ndhda`mjf il`ltuh pdkmlatuhummatlrpus atrl tue m

nmhf


96/97

[tuilatuh d umtdt pl kl pdrtl d imatlhumtrleuml phdsdt nmhfuh! Nmhf phdsdt vlstmeuhdr !Mfd`mald kjhuhum `urmm


97/97

Emehmj`rdnmljehm`dtjrml

platru lxdfla

Erori radiografii intraorale

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