Erasmus Mundus Master Course Space Master -

Joint European Master in Space Science and Technology

Special Lecture Course on Atmospheric and Ionospheric

RadarLuleå University of Technology

Kiruna, SwedenMay 2008, Jürgen Röttger

Erasmus Mundus Master Course Space Master -

Joint European Master in Space Science and Technology

Special Lecture Course on Atmospheric and Ionospheric

RadarLuleå University of Technology

Kiruna, SwedenMay 2008, Jürgen Röttger

國際大氣雷達學校

國際大氣雷達學校

Radar is used in nature

Radar is used in nature

and we use it to study nature and

apply remote sensing of our

Earth’s environment

and we use it to study nature and

apply remote sensing of our

Earth’s environment

weather

The Earth’s

Ionosphere

and

Atmosphere

middle atmosphere

ionosphere

EarthAtmosphericIonospheric

Science

Sun Space -Weather

Environment -

Weather

Informatics

Electronics

Radar technology

Weather forecastingMeteorology

Fluid dynamics

Modelling,Simulation

Plasma physics

Electrodynamics

using radar (and related methods)

Global Change

Multidisciplinary synergy for science and education

Arecibo Puerto Rico Jicamarca

Peru

EISCAT Svalbard EISCAT

Tromsö

Millstone USA

SuperDARN Iceland

NARL India

EISCAT VHF

Some giant atmosphere ionosphere radars

MU Radar Japan

There are basically three different branches of radar

methods: Doppler weather radars, operating

in frequency bands above one Gigahertz providing azimuth scans

of precipitation and atmospheric turbulence and velocity.

Incoherent scatter radars, which make use of electromagnetic wave scattering from free electrons in the ionospheric

plasma

Ionosondes for total reflection and Coherent scatter radars using scatter from

irregularities in the electron density, temperature and humidity.

In the second part of the past In the second part of the past century giant radar systems century giant radar systems

have been designed and have been designed and efficiently used for scientific efficiently used for scientific

research of the Earth’s research of the Earth’s upper, middle and lower upper, middle and lower

atmosphere.atmosphere.

In the second part of the past In the second part of the past century giant radar systems century giant radar systems

have been designed and have been designed and efficiently used for scientific efficiently used for scientific

research of the Earth’s research of the Earth’s upper, middle and lower upper, middle and lower

atmosphere.atmosphere.

The Arecibo (Puerto Rico) 305 m radar antenna

The Arecibo (Puerto Rico) 305 m radar antenna

The Jicamarca Radio Observatory uses a phased-array antenna consisting of 18432 dipoles covering an area of

300m x 300m. It operates on 49.9 MHz with a peak transmitter power of 3 Megawatt. It is used for

incoherent and coherent scatter to study the ionosphere (60-1000 km), the middle atmosphere (10-100 km) and

the lower atmosphere (<15 km).

The radar at Jicamarca in Peru was the prototype of the new class of systems for studies of the middle and lower atmosphere (i.e. the height

region below 100 kilometer). Several radars of this kind, operating in the 50 Megahertz-band,

were constructed thereafter, such as the SOUSY (sounding system) radar, operated by the Max-

Planck-Institute in Germany, and the MU (middle and upper atmosphere) radar, operated

by the Radio Science Center for Space and Atmosphere of the Kyoto University in Japan.

SOUSY Svalbard Radar - SSR

ESR

Arecibo Puerto Rico Jicamarca

Peru

EISCAT Svalbard EISCAT

Tromsö

Millstone USA

SuperDARN Iceland

NARL India

EISCAT VHF

Some giant radars

Such huge radars, using power levels up to one megawatt and antennas with diameters of about 100 meters diameter, were also installed in Alaska, India,

Svalbard/Spitzbergen and recently the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar EAR in Sumatra as a Japanese-

Indonesian collaboration. They allow observations of the mesosphere, stratosphere and troposphere and

are therefore also called MST radars.

They measure continuously winds, waves, turbulence and atmospheric stability and many ionosphere

parameters.

Such huge radars, using power levels up to one megawatt and antennas with diameters of about 100 meters diameter, were also installed in Alaska, India,

Svalbard/Spitzbergen and recently the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar EAR in Sumatra as a Japanese-

Indonesian collaboration. They allow observations of the mesosphere, stratosphere and troposphere and

are therefore also called MST radars.

They measure continuously winds, waves, turbulence and atmospheric stability and many ionosphere

parameters.

SOUSY Svalbard Radar

National Atmosphere Research Lab. India

International School of

Atmospheric and Ionospheric

Radar and Remote Sensing

ISAR – NCU 2008

National Central University

Chung-Li, Taiwan

International School of

Atmospheric and Ionospheric

Radar and Remote Sensing

ISAR – NCU 2008

National Central University

Chung-Li, Taiwan

Announcement 6 - 18 October 2008 Center for Space and

Remote Sensing Research NCU

國際大氣雷達學校國際大氣雷達學校

International Sponsors: SCOSTEP and URSI