EQ: EXPLAIN HOW ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TRANSPORT HELP THE CELL MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS. SC B-2.5 EXPLAIN...
-
Upload
amos-elvin-hoover -
Category
Documents
-
view
228 -
download
3
Transcript of EQ: EXPLAIN HOW ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TRANSPORT HELP THE CELL MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS. SC B-2.5 EXPLAIN...
EQ: EXPLAIN HOW ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TRANSPORT HELP
THE CELL MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS.
SC B-2.5EXPLAIN HOW ACTIVE,
PASSIVE, AND FACILITATED TRANSPORT SERVE TO
MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS OF THE CELL
Cell Transport
CELL TRANSPORTCHAPTER 7 SECTION 3
DEFINITIONS: Equilibrium: state that exists when the
concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space
Concentration Gradient: difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance
Passive Transport
dfn: movement of substances across a cell membrane without requiring energy expenditure by the cell
Types: Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis
Passive transport
Particles are said to move “down their concentration gradient”
It is free!
DIFFUSION
The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density
Also called simple diffusion
Small, nonpolar molecules pass through the cell membrane by simple diffusion Ex: oxygen, carbon dioxide
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
DIFFUSION RATE
Rate of diffusion affected by: Temperature Surface area Concentration gradient Size of molecule
SIMPLE DIFFUSION ACROSS a MEMBRANE
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
Same as simple diffusion (particles move down their concentration gradient) except particles require the use of a transport protein to cross cell membrane
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
Because it requires a transport protein there is an upper limit to the # of molecules that can enter/exit a cell at any given moment
(called Tmax)
Facilitated Diffusion
Glucose enters cells via facilitated diffusion
OSMOSIS
Osmosis : the diffusion of water from a more dilute solution a more concentrated solution through a membrane that is permeable to water but not to the solute
solute: what is dissolved in solvent solvent: what dissolves the solute
Osmosis
Allows cells to maintain water balance as their environment changes
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/transport/osmosis.swf
Osmosis
Water Channels (called aquapores) in membrane to allow polar water molecules to enter/exit cell In humans used by:
Respiratory system Reproductive system Urinary system (water conservation) Digestive system Homeostasis of body temperature
Osmosis in Red Blood Cells
Hypertonic Solutions Concentration of solutes higher than that
in cytoplasm Water follows its concentration gradient
and moves from ______________ to ___________
Cells will _________________, called crenation
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/WESTMIN/science/sbi3a1/cells/Osmosis.htm
Osmosis in Red Blood Cells
If the solution is hypotonic, there is a lower solute concentration outside the cell than inside the cell
Water will move _____________The cell will __________, called hemolysis.
Osmosis with Red Blood Cells
If the solution the red blood cell is in has the same concentration of water as the cytoplasm in the cell there will be _________ movement of water.
This is called an isotonic solution.
Osmosis in Plant Cells
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/transport1.html
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Dfn: the movement of substances against their concentration gradient (against the flow)
Substances are moving from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
This requires the cell to use energy (ATP)
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
TWO TYPES:PUMPSVESICLES
ENDOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS
ACTIVE TRANSPORT PUMPS
Use a carrier protein (like facilitated diffusion) but requires expenditure of energy
Most common pump:Na+/K+/ATP pump
Na+/K+/ATP pump
A carrier protein that uses ATP (1) to actively transport sodium ions (3) out of the cell and potassium ions (2) into the cell.
This pump keeps the [Na+] inside the cell lower so that osmosis will not cause the cell to swell with water.
ACTIVE TRANSPORTVESICLES
Used to transport molecules that are too large to fit thru a carrier protein. Endocytosis
Cell “eating” (phagocytosis) or cell “drinking” (pinocytosis)
Cell wraps membrane around material forming vesicle which is taken into cell
Exocytosis For moving material out of cell Vesicle fuses with cell membrane releasing
contents outside of cell
ENDOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS
Endocytosis Exocytosis
Active Transport Animation
http://www.brookscole.com/chemistry_d/templates/student_resources/shared_resources/animations/ion_pump/ionpump.html
Review Time
http://www.learnerstv.com/animation/animation.php?ani=164&cat=biology