Environmental Impact Assessment - World Bank · Science Institute (HEPSI) to prepare Environmental...

E426Volume 2 (revised)

Data (3) Submitted to the World Bank

World Bank Loan Project: China Inland Waterway Ill

Xiangjiang Waterway Construction & Development

Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project

Environmental Impact Assessment

Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute

Changsha, Hunan

January 2001

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Environmental Impact Assesment

Organization Unit: Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute

Assessment Certificate: China Certificate No.: EECJZ 2702

HEPRI Director: Peng Xiang

Cooperative Units: Hengyang Environmental Protection Research Institute

Zhuzhoij Environmental Protecbon Research Instute

Project Superintendent: Liu Jiawven

Members: Liu Jiawen (Certificate No.: EEUC-Changsha 05767)

Xiong Rkuyi (ADB Certificate No.: EETC 95280)

Hu Yuriquan (Certificate No.: EEUC-Changsha05790)

Liao V\enhui (Certificate No.: EEUC-Charxsha 05714)

Xiao Ji ingjie (Cerlificate No.: EEUC-Changsha 05897)

Zhang Yuqing (ADB Cerfficate No.: EETC 95279)

Liu Dingzhong (Cerificabe No.: EEUC-Changsha 05765)

Checked by: Yao Bini

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Content

1. General ...........................................................................---- 5

1.1 Motivation-...................................... ..---- 5

1 .2 Assessment Objective. .---------------..------------------ 6

1.3 Assessment Basis .-------------------------------- ..X-- ..-......-------.-- 6

1.4 Assessment Areas-........... .............................---.--.-..-..---.--.--.-.-..-.. 7

1.5 Assessment Standards. .-...---..-.. --------.. -------------..-------------------8

1.6 Objective of Environmental Protection. .--.-.-.---.-------.-..---.---.--- 11

1.7 Assessment Assignments-.-------------------------..--------.*----------------------12

2. Outline of Project -----.....--..---. *--------------..---.---.------------.*-----------------13

2.1 Overview. . ----------------..-..-----------------------------..--..----------- .-- 13

2.2 Auxiliary Works. .--.. --.. ---.. -------------..----.------ - ...................... 18

3. Present Environmental Situation .. 20

3.1 Natural Environment. ..................................................................... 20

3.2 Social Environment. .-------..-------..--------------------------.-.----------------- 23

3.3 Regional Water Pollution Sources. . ----.. -----------.---.--------------.-- 26

3.4 Water Environment .--..---------------..------------------ 30

3.5 Ecological Environment .......................................... 35

3.6 Atmospheric & Acoustic Environment. .---------.---------------------- 38

4. Impacts on Water Environment---------------.----.. -- 39

4.1 Impacts on Water Environment during Construction Phase .---------- 39

4.2 Impact on Hydrologic Environment during Operation Phase ..................- 40

4.3 Impact on Integral Water Quality in Reservoir Area during OperationPhase .................................................................................................- 42

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4.4 Impact on Water intake duringj Operation Phase ..- 46

5. Analysis of Ecological Impact ........................................................--. 49

5.1 Impact on Vegetation. .------- -------- . 49

5.2 Impact on Water Organism .-....-..---------..--..--------- 50

5.3 Impact on Public Health .- -......------------------------- 51

5.4 Impact on Soil Erosion. . ----------------------------------.----------------------52

6. Impact on Social, Acoustic & Atniospheric Environments .55

6.1 Impact on Social Environmert. . -..--------- ..--.-------.- 55

6.1.1 Land Acquisition and Reseltlement ................................................ 55

6.1.2 Impact on Regional Econornic Development. . -.-.----.---.--------- 58

6.1.3 Impact on Regional Ecolcgical Landscape and Cultural Relic and Historicsites-................................................................................... 58

6.2 Impact on Atmosphere .*-- -.--------..-..-..-------------------------------------.- 60

6.3 Impact on Acoustic Environment. .- 61

6.4 Impact on Geological Environment ..------------------------ 63

7. Alternatives Analysis. .---..---------..---..--..-..- ..--......---..-..-----.--- .--- .-- 66

7.1 Dam Sites Alternatives. . *------------------------------------------------.- 66

7.2 Normal Water-storage Level 3election .----------------------------------------- 68

7.3 Alternatives of Carrying out thie Project and Not Carrying out the Project- -70

8. Environmental Impact Analysis of Xiangjiang River Zhuziou-Xiangtan WaterwayDredging & Expansion Project. ............................................. .....-.... 73

8.1 Regional Environment-.............. 73

8.2 Waterway Dredging & Expansion Project. .-------------------------- 74

8.3 Survey and Assessment on WNater Environment for Xiatngjiang River Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Section -.-----------------................................. 74

8.4 Environmental Impact Analysis d1'Waterway Dredging & Expansion Project . 77

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9. Environmental Impact Analysis ol Hengshan kilo-tonnage Dock Project .------80

9. 1 General Project Information .--.. ---..-- ..--- 80

9.2 Survey of Regional Environment at Hengshan kilo-tonnage Dock Site . 81

9.3 Impacts Analysis of Hengshan Dock Construction .81

9.4 Public Opinion Survey on Herigshan kilo-tonnage Dock Project .----.--.-. 83

10. Public Consultation. . ---..-..--..- ..---..--......--..-----..--.. 84

10.1 First Public Consultation . .........................................................- 84

10.2 Second Public Consultation-........................................................ 85

11. Environment Management Plan .------------------- ....-- ..-.-.--- .- 88

1 1.1 Environmental Protection MeasuIres for Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project - * 88

11.2 Environmental Protection Measures for Hengsha Kiloton-cliss Dock Project 99

11.3 Environmental Protection Measures for Waterway Dredging Project between Zhuzhouand Xiangtan-..................................................................................................

100

11.4 Institutional Arrangement for Environmental. . ------------.--.---.------ 102

11.5 Environmental Training. . ---.. ---.... -------------------.. ------------- 103

11.6 Environmental Monitoring ..................................................... 104

11.7 Investment Estimates of Environment Protection------------.................. 108

12. Conclusion and Suggestion -.... 110

12.1 Conclusion ----..-.---.... 110

12.2 Suggestion --.....------...---............................ *----110

Attachments:1. Sketch Map of Xiangjiang Watelway Construction & Developrient.2. General Layout of Zhuzhou Na%rigation Complex Project.3. Distribution of Main Pollution Sc urces and Water Sampling Locations.4. Schematic Diagram of Inundated Area for Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project5. General Layout for Kloton-cl3ss Waterway Dredging Project and Distribution of

Monitoring Points for Water Quility and Bottom Sludge6. Location Drawing for Hengshan Kiloton-class Dock Project7. Material Quarry Locations

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1. General1.1 Motivation

Xiangjiang River, originating fronm Haiyangshan Mountairn of Linchuan County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is the biggest river within Hunan Province anda first-grade branch of Yangtze River. It runs through Hunan Province from south tonorth and empties into Yangtze River at Chenglingji of Yueyang city, with a total lengthof 969 km and a drainage area of 94,660 km2. Hunan's major industrial cities such asYueyang, Changsha, Xiangtan, 2:huzhou and Hengyang are all situated on itsriverside. 70% of the large & medium-scale enterprises t:hereof are sited alongXiangjiang River, therefore, Xiangjiang River is regarded as the economic corridor ofHunan Province.

In 1985, the Ministry of Communications (MOC), Development Center of the StateCouncil and Hunan Provincial Govarnment jointly conducted an extensive survey onXiangjiang River, aiming at upgrading the 439km waterway between Hengyang andChenglingji into a Kilo-tonnage ravigation channel. In 1988, MOC submitted aproposal to State Planning Cominittee (SPC), suggesting that Xiangjiang RiverWaterway Construction be taken as an experimental project for inland waterwaydevelopment. In 1989, MOC's cfficials instructed, duringj a site inspection onXiangjiang River, that the auxiliary works should be expedited simultaneously whiledeveloping Xiangjiang River waterv/ay. In December of the same year, Yangtze RiverSystem Development-Strategy SEminar (YRSDSS) also suggested in its reportsubmitted to the State Council ori Yangtze River Waterway System DevelopmentProposals, that Xiangjing River waterway development project be taken as a modelproject for navigation & power joint constructions, water resources extensiveexploitations and navigation modernization.

With Central Government and HLnan Provincial Government's intensive concern,Xiangjiang River Waterway Construction Project is currently progressing smoothly.The Phase I Project of Xingjiang River - Zhuzhou to Chenglingji Grade Ill WaterwayDredging Project, which approved Dy SPC, was commenced in 1989 and completedin 1994. The follow-up Phase 11 Prcject was officially commenced in December 1995.After 5-year construction, the principal part - Dayuandu Navigiation & Power ComplexProject will be completed and put irto operation in 2000.

In 1999, Hunan Provincial Party Committee and Government set forward a strategictarget aiming at accelerating the priority regional economy development, known asOne Point and One Line, and speeding up the economic integration program of threecities, respectively known as Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. Zhuzhou Navigation& Power Complex Project is now officially listed in the Government's agenda. MOCand Hunan Province have included Xiangjiang River Rolling Development Project -Zhuzhou Navigation & Power Complex Construction into national and provincial

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early-stage schedule of The Tenth Five-Year Plan. Hunan Provincial CommunicationsDepartment (HPCD) entrusted Hunan Communications Planning & Designing Instituteto prepare the Feasibility Study and the Project Proposal in March 1999. Upon thecompletion of which, HPCD further entrusted Hunan Environmental ProtectionScience Institute (HEPSI) to prepare Environmental Impact Assessment Report ofXiangjiang River Zhuzhou Navigation & Power Complex; Upon the receipt of theassignment, HEPSI promptly established an Environmenit Subject AssessmentDivision, which after carefully anall,zing the relevant project information, conducted asite survey at Zhuzhou Complex da.m & reservoir area, monitored the present regionalenvironment and collected a serii3s of routine monitoring data regarding pollutionsource and water quality at the site. On which basis, the Environmental ImpactAssessment Report of Xiangjiang River Zhuzhou Navigation & Power Complex wasprepared.

Besides the self-raised funds, Zhu;zhou Complex Project intends to apply to the WorldBank for an $100 million loan. In accordance with the Assessments CategorizingStandards provided in Notification on Reinforcing Environmental Impacts AssessmentAdministration over Intemationaj Financial Organizations Funded ConstructionProjects reference No. [1993]3241 issued by National Environmental MonitoringDivision (NEMD), the environmenlal Assessment of the Prcoject was categorized asType A.

1.2 Assessment Objective

The preparation of Environmental Assessment is designed 'to confirm the scale andextent of the impacts on the surrounding environments in order to work out practicaimeasures to avoid the adverse impacts and provide technical supports forengineering designs and environmental administration.

1.3 Assessment Basis

The policies and regulations governing the environment assessments are listed asbelow:

1. Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic cif China, Water PollutionPrevention Law, Atmosphere Pollution Prevention' Law, Noise PollutionPrevention Law, Water & Sc il Conservation Law;

2. Construction Projects Environmental Protection Control Rules State CouncilDecree Reference No.: 253;

3. Notification on Reinforcing EFnvironmental Impacts Assessment Administrationover International Financial Organizations Fundecl Construction ProjectsNEMD Reference No. [1992]324;

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4. Hunan Xiangjiang River Drainage Area Water Pollution PreventionRegulations;

5. Functions Categorization of.Xiangjiang River Trunk Streams;

6. Xiangjiang River Trunk Streams Planning;

7. 0.D4.01 The World Bank Environment Assessment Guide;

8. The World Bank, OP4.01 Ervironmental Assessment;

9. Xiangjiang River Waterway Development Zhuzhou Navigation & PowerComplex Project Feasibility 3tudy; and

10. Xiangjiang River Waterway Development Zhuzhou Navigation & PowerComplex Project Environme,7t Assessment Outline.

1.4 Assessment Areas

This project is composed of two phaises: construction phase and operation phase. Theimpacted area of the construction phase is the Kongzhou Dam site, while that ofoperation phase covers the entire 96km reservoir backwater area. The assessmentareas are:

(1) Reservoir and its vicinity: In operation phase, the impact assessment areas of thewater environment, water organi:,ms and social environrnent include the 96kmXiangjiang River section between the dam site to Dayuandu and its vicinity.

(2) Dam site vicinity: In the construction phase, the impacted ecological, atmospheric& acoustic environments and waters are within Kongzhou Dam site and its vicinity. Inthe operation phase, the impactecl, atmospheric and acoustic environments by thetravelling automobiles on the dam are also within the Dam site (including the two 7kmapproaching highways at the both sides of the Highway Bridge on the dam).

(3) Reservoir inundated area and the migrants: The assessment area includes theinundated farmland of 20,124 mu at the two sides of the reservoir, which involves1,205 people to be resettled.

(4) Hengshan Kilo-tonnage Dock Project: The impacts on acoustic and ecologicalenvironments will mainly arise in the construction phase. The impactsassessment area is within the 100m region outside the new dock factoryboundary (the dock takes up a land area of 70 mu), while the impacts assessmentarea of water environment is the Xiangjiang River kilo-tonnage dock areabetween its upstream with a total length of 1 000m and its downstream with a totallength of 1000m.

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(5) Zhuzhou to Xiangtan Kilo-tDnnage Waterway Dreciging Project: In theconstruction phase, the impacted water and ecological environments are withinthe Xiangjiang River section with a total length of 37km between Zhuzhou andXiangtan.

1.5 Assessment Standards

The executive standards reviewed and approved by Hunan EnvironmentalProtection Bureau for environment assessment in this project are provided asbelow:

(1) Water environment assessmerit standard

In accordance with DB43/023 Functions Categorization of Xiangiiang River TrunkStreams, Hengshan County Water Supply Factory and the upstream (1000m) &downstream (100m) of Hengdong County Shiwan Town Water Supply Factory's waterintake area are categorized as specially-protected water areas, therefore WaterQuality Type 2 Standard specified in GHZB1 -1999 Surface Water environment QualityStandard is to be observed.

The upstream of Dayuandu Cornplex to Xianghua Chemical Factory's waterintake area with a total length of 1000m and the upstream of Hengshan CountyGuanxiangzhou to Hengdong County Shiwan Town Water Supply Factory's waterintake area with a total length of 2OOOm are categorized as secondary protectionareas, therefore Water Quality Type 4 Standard specified ill GHZBI-1999 SuffaceWater environment Quality Standard is to be observed.

Other waters are categorized as primary water protection areas, therefore WaterQuality Type 3 Standard specified in GHZB1-1999 Surface Water environmentQuality Standard is to be observed.

(2) Atmospheric Environment Quality Standard

Type 2 Standard specified in G33095-1996 Atmospheric Environment QualityStandard is to be observed for all assessment areas.

(3) Acoustic Environment Quality 3tandard

In construction phase, GB12523-93 Construction Site Noise Limit Value is to beobserved; In operation phase, Type 4 Standard specified in GB3096-93 UrbanNoise Limit Value is to be observe i for highways at the two sides of the Dam; AndType 1 Standard specified in GB$;096-93 is to be observed for present situationassessment.

(4) Sewage Discharge Limits

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Limit Grade 1 specified in Generz) Sewage Discharge Lim,its is to be observed forsewage discharged to water areas of Type 2 & 3 specifiecd in GHZBI-1999. LimitGrade 2 specified in General Sswage Discharge Limits is to be observed forsewage discharged to water areas of Type 4 specified in GB8978-1996.

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Table 1-1 GHZB1-1999 Surface Water Environment Quality Standards (Unit: mg/I)

Item PH Do CoD,, BoD5 NH3/N Volatile Total P Petroleum Total A, Total Hg Total Cd CPr TotalPhenol Pb

Tvpe It Standards 6.5-8.5 6 14 3 0.5 0.01 .05 0.1 0.00005 0.005 0.05 0.05Type lil Standards 6.5-8.5 5 8 4 0.5 0.005 0.1 0.05 0 05 0.0001 0.005 0.05 0.05

TypeIVI Standards 6.5-8.5 3 10 6 1.0 0.01 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.05

Table 1-2 GB3095-1996 Atmospheric Environment Quality Standards (Unit: mg/m3)

!tem. T_7 I C Mo9 I I ~~~~~~~~________No,

Annual Average Daily Average Annual Average Dail Average I Annual Average I Daily Average

Standards Class 1 0.02 r 0.05 0 08 0.12 0.05 0.10| Standards Class 2 0.06 | 0.15 0.20 _ 0.30 0.05 0.10

I Standards Class 3 010D .25 0030 0.50 5.1G O.t5

Table 1-3 Noise Limits (Unit: dB(A))Item Construction Site Noise Limits GB3095-93 Urban Noise Limits

Earthwork Pile-driving Structures | Fitting-up Type 1 TypeDaytime 75 85 70 65 55 60

Night 55 Not Allowed 55 55 45 50

Table 1-4 GB8978-1996 General Sewage Discharge Limits (Unit: mg/l)r Item PH | SS BoD, COD | Petroleum | Volatile NH3/N Phosphate sulfide Total Hg Total Cd Cr| Total A. Total Pbr I t emf PH S 6005 f CO Petroleum Phenol ( iTtl fjTtlbClass 1 6-9 70 30 100 10 _ 0.5 15 0.5 1.0 0.05 | 0.1 1.5 0.5 1.0Class II 6-9 1200_ 60 10 10 0.5 25 1.0 1.0 0.05

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Environmental Impact A"assment

Table 1-5 (GB4284-84) Sludge Pollutants Control Limits (Unit: mg/kg (dry sludge))

Item Maximum Allowable Content

Acid soil (PH<6.5) Alkali and Neutral Soil

Cd _ 6.5 20Hg 5 15Pb 300 1000Cr 600 1000As 75 75Cu 250 500Zn 500 1000

Remark: This standard is acceptable for sludge from sewage farm, sewage settlingbasin, some organic substance production, bottom sediment of rivers, reservoirs,lakes, ponds, water ditches, canal etc.

1.6 Objectives of Environmental F'rotection

(1) To protect the living water source within the 96km reservoir area. According to thefunctional plan of regional water areas, living water sources in the reservoir areamainly include two places: the intake of Hengshan County Water Supply Factory andthe intake of Hengdong County Shivwan Town Water Supply Factory.

(2) To protect the ecological environment, including the water organisms, vegetation inthe assessment area and Kongling an Tourist Attraction Site, 1km downstream fromthe Dam.

(3) To protect the residents in the vicinity of the Dam from noise and dust pollution.

Refer to Table 1-6 for Environmenta I Protection Areas

Tablel-6 Environmental Protection Areas

No. Areas Location Remarks

1 Hengshan Intake Dam Upstream Intake Capacity1_ Hengshan Intake _At 86km 3 X 104t/d2 Hengdong Shiwan Intake Dam Upstream Intake Capacity

At 71.5km 2.5x 104t/d3 Water Organisms Entire Fishes

in Reservoir Area Reservoir Area i4 _ Vegetation Dam SiteResettlement Area

Konglinga TDam Downstream Attraction Sites5 Konglingan Tourist Attraction _ Left bank at 1 km CompatibilitY

Residential Area Prevent Noise and6 In Vicinity of the Dam Residental Area Dust Pollution

Water intake of Zhuting town located .Water intakeforWater intake of Zhuting and at 43km away from upstream of the draut shall be bofr

Sanmen Towns dam and that of Sanmen Town at dran 5000V bd4km away.

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1.7 Assessment Assignments

The assessment is conducted by Hunan Environmental Protection Institute (HEPI),assisted by Hengyang Environmental Protection Institute (HYEPI) and ZhuzhouEnvironmental Protection Monitoring Station (ZEPMS). HEPI is responsible for thepreparation of the Outline & the Report and partial site work. While ZEPMS andHYEPI are responsible for the site monitoring and pollution sources data-collecting.

Hunan Environmental Protection Iristitute (HEPI), directly under Hunan EnvironmentalProtection Bureau, is a secondary unit and has been engaging in the environmentalassessment and management ever since the early 1980's. It has been categorized asNational First Grade Unit. Over 50 Yo of the major or secondary projects' assessmentswere conducted by HEPI.

Refer to Tablel-7 for Subject Assiclnments

Table 1-7 Subject Assignments

Subject Assignment Superintendent Job Title Certificate No.

Summary Liu Jiawen Associate Researcher Changsha No.: 05767

Anaijsct Xiong Ruyi Associate Researcher No.95280

water Zhang Yuqing Researcher ADB No.95297

Ecolonical Liao Wenhui Associate Researcher Changsha No.: 05714Environment

Atmospnmenc Xiao Jingjie Researcher Changsha No.: 05897

Acoustic Liu Dingzhonc Associate Researcher Changsha No.: 05765Environment .

Social Environment Hu Yunquan Associate Researcher Changsha No.: 05790

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2. Outline of Project

2.1 Overview

Zhuzhou Navigation Complex is located at Kongzhou, within Zhuzhou county inthe downstream of Xiangjiang River. This project is categorized as Class IIIproject, and the major buildings are designed according to the standards forClass III. The designed flood repetition period is 50 years and the check floodrepetition period is 500 years.

The site of Kongzhou Dam is recommended as the dam site for ZNCP, which is 83km from Hengshan County, 24 km from Zhuzhou City, and 96 km from thecompleted dam site of Dayuandu Navigation Complex. It is located betweenHengshan Hydrologic Station and Zhuzhou Hydrologic Station.

Zhuzhou Navigation Complex F'roject (ZNCP) is an integrated project, whichcombines navigation, power generation, communications and irrigation. Mainbuildings in this project consist cf sluice gate, power plant house, navigation lockand highway bridge. The total conistruction phase is 5 years. It will take 32 monthsto complete the navigation lock and 36 months to put the first generating set intooperation. The total investment is 1.814 billion RMB, which includes 1.753 billionRMB for the Navigation Complex Project and 0-017 billion RMB for HengshanKilo-tonnage Dock Project is and 0.014 billion RMB tor Waterway DredgingProjects. 0.1 billion USD will be loaned from world Bank and the balance will beobtained from the Ministry of Cornmunications and Hunan Province (i.e. subsidiesand self-raised fund).

According to the plane layout of lhe dam, power plant is placed on the left branch,with a 12-hole sluice gate, and a permanent navigation lock on the right branch,with a 14-hole sluice gate. The hieight of dam is 50.8 m and crest length 1068.5 m.

The normal water level of the ren;ervoir of Zhuzhou Navigation Complex is 40.5mand the relative capacity 0.4743 billion m

3 . It is a low-dam runoff adjustablereservoir. After water is retained, the average surface width of the reservoir isabout 600m. Water level at the enid of the dam is 3.5^-4.5 m lower than the banksand water level at the far end of the reservoir is 10'-12 rn lower than the banks.This reservoir is of channel-form reservoir, which does not affect the functions ofthe existing dams and water con servancy facilities.

In order to meet the growing demand in communications development andoperation and management in Zhuzhou city, a two-lane highway bridge is built onthe dam crest. The highway connecting the bridge with 815 Provincial Highway isabout 7km in length. The highway connecting the bridge with Bejing-ZhuhaiExpressway is also 7km in length. The two connecting highways are designed

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according to the standards for Class l1l.

The total construction time for this project is 5 years. The first phase will be 3years, in which the first generating set on the left branch will be put into operation,the navigation lock on the right branch and the sluice gate on the left branch willbe completed. The second phase will be two years , in which the sluice gate onthe right branch will be completed. For the main buildings and structures, pleaserefer to Table 2-1. For the main features of the reservoir, please refer to Table 2-2. For the quantities and schedule of work, please refer to rable 2-3.

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Table 2-1 List of Main Buildings and Structures

SerialDescription Unit Quantity Remarks

No.

A Sluice Gate

1 Type open type

2 Dam crest elevation m 50.8

3 Hole dimension(width X height) m 20X 19.7

4 Number of Holes 26

5 Weir crest elevation m 28.5

6 Totai length m 612.5

7 Mode of energy dissipation bottom-flow energydissipation

8 Maximum gate height m 31.5

9 Maximum design head m 10.3

10 Gate type aro-type

11 Gate dimension(widthX height) m 20X 12.5

B Permanent Navigation Lock

1 Navigation standard +

2 Highest navigable level in the upstreari m 43.52 for 10-year encounteredflood (P=10%)

3 Lowest navigable level in the upstream m 38.8

4 Highest navigable level in the m 43.35downstream

5 Lowest navigable level in the upstream m 30.2 P-98%

_ Maximum navigable flow m3Is 17600

7 | Minimum navigable flow m31s 330

8 Minimum design net empty height rn 10

9 Dimension of navigation lock m 180 x 23:x 3.5

(lengthxwidthxdepth)

Design standard for gate-passing fleei 4 0ilo-tonnage ships

11 rFIeet dimensonm 165 x 21.6 x 2.0 da

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12 Maximum design head m 10.3

C Buildings of the Power Plant

I Total installed capacity MW 140

2 Number of installations 5

3 Single unit capacity MW 28

4 Unit type bulb tubular type

5 Output power MW 28.94 P=90%

6 Annual work time h 4575

7 Annual power production 1 08kwh 6.405

8 Maximum net head m 10.56

9 Minimum net head m 3.0

1 0 Weighted average head m 7.657.08 whole year/flood period

11 Flow of single unit m3/s 472.1

D Highway Bridge

1 Design standard automobile-20,trailer-1 00

2 Width m net9+2 x 1.5

3 length m 1450

E Auxiliary Works A Kloonnage dodckwi be

Annual throughput 104t 17 built in Hengshan

Table 2-2 Feature of the Reservoir

SerialItem Unit Qty Remarks

No.

A Reservoir low-dam runoff type

1 Normal impounded level m 40.50

2 Minimum navigable level m 38.80

3 Capacity of reservoir at nonrmal 10C8M3 4.743impounded level

4 Dead storage 10"m3 3.489

5 Reservoir area at normal impounded level km2 58.9

Damming length at normal impoun Jed 96

6 ~~~~~ ~~level m9

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7 Inundated Population 1165 Ag1ricultural population is612

Brick-ooncrete building8 Inundated Buildings Area m2 68737

area is 41530m2

9 Inundated Farmland mu 20124 17339mu can be prevented.

B Flood flow and downstream water Level

1 Design flood flow M3/s 22200 P=2%

2 Design flood level m 45.65

3 Check flood flow M3 Is 28200 P=0.2%

4 Check flood level m 47.80

Table2-3 Quantities and Schedule of Works

SerialDescription Unit Quantity Remarks

No.

A Work Amount

1 Excavation of earth and stonE 104m3 561.74

2 Filling of earth and stone 1 04m

3 340.49

3 Concrete 1 04m

3 66.84

4 Reinforced bar t 18577

5 Grouted stone 1 04m

3 10.57

6 Grout curtain m 13386

7 Consolidated curtain m 11781

8 Metal structure 104t 1.2861

B Work schedule

1 Total construction time year 5

2 Operation of thel sT generating sat Month 36

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2.2 Auxiliary Works

1). Special-purpose Highway

According to the topography of the dam site, requirements of body buildingconstruction and the navigation complex layout, temporary special-purposehighways shall be built to reach slag yard, dock, sand & stone processing system,concrete system, explosive magazine and the road around the weir. Total lengthof these temporary highways oF cement pavement is 3.7km. There are noenvironment-sensitive points along these highways.

2). Stone Pit and Slay Yard

Stone Pit: Shanshanwu Stone P t is primarily determined as the self-providedstock ground, which is 10.5 km ;way from the dam site, with limestone as itsmajor composition. Thickness of stone layer is 15-20 m. The exploitable area is15,000 m2 and its reserves is 0.22-0.30 million m3. Ground exploitation methodshall be employed. Both stone quality and exploitation conditions are good. In thenortheast and southwest of stone pit are settled a few local residents; In the westare oil-tea camellia fields; In the east is a pool. There are no environment-sensitive points around the stone pit. The stone pit is connected to the dam siteby a temporary highway.

Slag Yard: There will be a slag ya,d on each side of the dam. Dachong Slag Yard(on the left side of dam) is mainly reserved for the slag produced during the firstphase of this project. It is about 1.5km away from the dam site.

Changtangchong Slag Yard, Jipochong Slag Yard and Shangganli Slag Yard arelocated on the right side of the dam and reserved for slag and solids producedduring the second phase of this project. They are far away from the dam site withtheir average distance being aboLt 2.5 km.

3) Living Quarters and Work Shed

Living quarters for the staff and the office building are proposed to the built on theleft bank of Xiangjiang River. Wo-ker's temporary shed and material warehouseshall be built on both banks of Xiangjiang River. Accor(ding to the analogousanalysis of Dayuandu Navigation Complex Project, the peak population on thesite is about 4,000 during construction.

4)Auxiliary Work-Hengshan Kilo-tonnage dock:

Hengshan Kilo-tonnage dock shall be built as an auxiliary work of ZNCP. It willhave only one berth, with its throughput being designed to be 0.18 million ton in2005 and total investment being 1.692 million RMB. The newly-built Hengshan

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Kilo-tonnage dock will mainly handle general cargo transportation, especiallynonmetal ores as well as cement, fertilizer, and cereals.

5)Dredging the Waterways from Zhuzhou to Xiangtan for Kiloton Ships

Waterways from Zhuzhou to Xiangtan is 37 km in length, where there are 8 shoals.The waterways shall be dredged so that 1 Kilo-tonnage fleet of 4 ships cannavigate from Chenglingji to Hengyang. Total investment is 1.458 million RMB.

6) Number of Staff and Workers

442 staff and workers shall be needed for this project, which includes 327 staffand workers for the power plant and 68 staff and workers for navigation lock.

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Envircnmental Impact Assessment

3. Present Environmental Situation

3.1 Natural Environment

3.1.1 Geographic Location

The Kongzhou Dam' site is 24km upstream from Zhuzhou city, 6 km upstream fromZhuzhou county, 158km downstream from Hengyang city and 96km downstream fromthe Dayuandu Navigation and Power Complex. There are highways passing on bothbanks of the proposed dam. It connects with 107 National Highway, Jingzhu Expresswayand 1815 provincial Highway. The Jingguang Trunk Railway runs on its right bank.

3.1.2 Engineering Geology

The topography of dam-site is broad. The left bank is conglomerate hillock and the rightbank is sedimentary terrace which can be divided into class 1, 11, and Ill. The bottombedrock elevation of the terrace and ground water table are higher than the normalreservoir level (El. 40.15m), there are reliable abutment joints. There are shoals in theriver. The overburden thickness of the silty sand and pebble of the shoals is 10-14m. Thepebble overburden on both sides of riverbed is 2-3m in thickness. The underlyingbedrock of right bank and riverbed consists of purplish red weakly weatheredconglomerate and sandy conglomerate and the right bank consists of muddy silt-stonewith conglomerate. The bearing capacity of rocks can fully meet the requirements of theproposed structures and it has weak permeability. The bedrock on left and right bank dipstowards left and right bank with an angle of 5.200 and the rocks are intact with no seriousfracture zones. Gravel bed in the riverbed and right terrace has good hydraulicpermeability. Therefore, special permeation-proof measures shall be taken. The bed rockis exposed on its left bank. The side slope is stable. The right bank also exists outcropsnear waterbody.

3.1.3. Meteorological Features

Climate is mild within the reservoir area and four seasons are sharply contoured. It hassufficient heat. The annual average temperature is 16-18°C and the extremely highesttemperature is mostly over 38'C and the extremely lowest temperature is below-6°C.The rainfall is plentiful in this area with annual average plenty of 1423.3 mm. It rainsmostly between April and June, which covers nearly 45% of total rainfall in a year. Itbecomes dry from July to September, during which the rainfall covers 18% of total rainfallin a year. There is little rainfall from Oct. to the next Mar. and the days with rains are 140-180 days. Most rainfall is distributed to mountain area and few to hill and plain area.

The annual average relative humidity in the region is about 77%-85%. The area isaffected by the north wind or northeast wind in the whole year due to the seasonal wind.The average wind speed is 1.7-2.7 m/s, however, south wind prevails in July and August.

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The prevail wind direction is NW in this area. The statistics of climatic data of each year indam site may refer to table 3-1.

Table 3-1 Statistics of Annual Average Climatic Data in Dam Site

Item Temperature Pressure Relative Rainfall Wind Speedhumidity Sed Time with

(CC) (hPa) (mm) (m/s) Sunshine

Jan. 5.2 1017 80 63 2.0 75

Feb. 6.4 1014 83 102 2.1 57

Mar. 11.1 1010 82 131 2.2 72

Apr. 17.1 1005 81 209 2.2 97

May 22.2 1001 81 197 3.1 131

Jun. 25.8 997 81 199 2.0 151

Jul. 29.4 995 80 91 2.5 253

Aug. 28.9 996 73 114 2.2 234

Sep. 24.3 1003 75 64 2.4 163

Oct. 18.7 1010 78 90 2.1 132

Nov. 12.9 1015 79 77 2.0 115

Dec. 7.4 1017 77 47 2.0 104

3.1.4 Hydrologic Feature of Xiangjiang River

Trunk stream of the Xiangjiang River is 969 km in length. It runs through Hunan Provincewith a length of 670km. The length between Hengyang and Zhuzhou is 182 km,belonging to the upper part of lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River. The drop is 15m indry season and the average gradient is 0.0824%.

(Runoff Features:

Rainfall is the major replenishment for the river in the region, where the laws of the runoffis very similar to that of rainfall with widely changes and uneven distribution in a year.

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Every year, usually, the flood occurs from April to June and there is few rainfall from Julyto August and from October to the February of next year. As a result, two drought periodsappear, namely, dry autumn and drought winter.

(©)Floods Features:

Floods in the Xiangjiang River are caused by rainstorm. Usually, it is the flood period fromApril to September every year and the most serious floods appear between April and July,especially in May and June. According to the statistics between 1956 and 1998 collectedby Hengshan Hydrologic Station, the most annual serious floods, which take place inMay and June covers 66% of total amount. The duration of each flood usually lasts for 10days and the flood pattems is fat with single peak in most cases. Table 3-1 shows thedesign flood capacity for each frequency at Kongzhou dam site.

Design Flood Capacity for Each Frequency unit: m3/s

P(%) 0.1 |0.2 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 | 501

Q 29800 28200 25900 24000 22200 19600 17600 15200 11420

C3)ntake Area

Flood at Kongzhou dam site comes from the area upstream of Hengyang mainly andfrom the Mishui River secondarily. According to the statistics, flow difference betweenKongzhou dam site and Hengshan Hydrologic Station is only 3%, while in the catchmentarea at Hengshan Hydrologic Station, Hengyang and Mishui covers 81.5% and 15.6respectively The catchment area at Kongzhou dam site is 66,020km2, which covers 70%of total value of the area.

(!)Mud & Silt

Soil erosion becomes more and more serious from the upper reaches to lower reaches ofthe Xiangjiang River basin. Suspended mud and silt concentrates mostly in flood period.The mud & silt transport between March and August covers 91 per cent of annual totalmud and silt transport. The mud & silt transport between March and August covers 72per cent of annual total mud and silt transport. The annual average silt transport rate is284kg/s and the annual average silt transport quantity is 8.96 million tVyear. Annualaverage silt content is 0.17kg/m3 and annual average erosion module is 136 t/km2.

( Flow

The annual average runoff at the dam site is 52.3 billion m3 . The annual average flowrate is 1,680 m3/s, the maximum annual average flow rate 2,500m3/s and theminimum annual average flow rate 730 m3 /s.

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The maximum flow measured at Hengshan Hydrologic Station (June 18,1994) was20,200m3/s and the minimum flow rate was 58.2 m3 /s (October 5,1996).

Table 3-2 Statistics of Monthly Maximum Flows in Dam Site Unit: m3 /s

Item Y 1990 Y 1991 Y 1992 Y 1993 Y 1994 Y 1995 Y 1996 Y 1997 Y 1998

Jan. 2390 2600 2130 1200 779 3390 1370 1670 7330

Feb. 3640 3000 5120 3370 3810 7250 1190 3100 5010

Mar. 8030 6360 12700 2750 3310 2730 7670 8110 17200

Apr. 7730 5980 7350 4230 13400 5960 8270 9360 4300

May 3790 5120 7180 8330 7890 5140 6780 7330 11000

Jun. 8350 3140 6130 8300 20200 10600 3380 9800 11000

Jul. 6840 895 14800 10400 9970 5800 5930 10000 5380

Aug. 2290 2430 930 2460 12100 2770 10600 7180 979

Sep. 1510 2380 1540 2030 1990 964 2070 13200 793

Oct. 2850 1250 509 2350 4620 6780 1030 4610 546

Nov. 3140 1590 500 1900 1040 1050 740 1950 311

Dec. 1010 1090 718 917 3770 856 729 5200 728

3.1.5Hydrologic Features of Mishui River

Mishui River is the first-grade branch of the Xiangjiang River, entering into theXiangjiang River at the place 2.5km downstream from Dayuandu. Its drainage area is9,500 km2 and its length is 230 km. It runs through Hengdong county, Youxiancounty, Anren county, Chaling county and Yanling county with an annualaverage runoff rate of 245 m3/s.

3.2 Social Environment

3.2.1 Towns and Population Distributions

Zhuzhou Navigation Complex involves 182km-long Xiangjiang river section fromHengyang to Zhuzhou. The area includes such cities as Hengyang, Zhuzhou,Changsha and Xiangtan with an area of 43,560 Km2, which covers 19 per cent of thearea of Hunan Province, According to the statistics, population in above-mentionedarea is 19.195 million, which covers 29.5 per cent of population in Hunan Province.

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The inundation area due to the Zhuzhou Navigation and Power Complex involves 14towns and one company in Zhuzhou county, Hengdong county, Liling county,Hengshan county and Xiagntan county. The population in the region is 0.2965 million(according to the agricultural population in 1998). The population is mainly ofagriculture. There are few rural resident quarter and urban population. The naturalpopulation growth rate is 2.45-5.74 60. The average population density is 324person/km2. The total land area is 915.96 km'.

3.2.2 Social Economic Situation

The river section between Hengyang and Chenglingji is 439 km in length. It is rich inrainfall, flat in gradient and stable in riverbed. Therefore, there are excellent naturalconditions for developing water transport. Regions along the river are beautiful andrich in resources and advanced in agriculture and industry. Changsha, Xiangtan,Zhuzhou and Hengyang are located in the central region of the Xiangjiang Riverbetween Hengyang and Zhuzhou. Regional gross domestic product (GDP) is 130.616billion RMB, which constitutes 40.67 per cent of total GDP of Hunan Province. It is animportant economic, culture and science and technology gallery in the province and isa center in political, economy and culture.

There is a complete industrial system in this region, including coal, chemicalengineering, power, steel, metallurgy, construction materials, machinery, textile, foodprocessing, fodder and leather etc. Besides, Chang- Zhu-Tan machinery processingand textile base, Lian-Shao coal and steel base, Hengyang non-ferrous industrialbase, Lixian porcelain base and Liuyang-Liling fireworks base are formed.

Rural economy is flourishing in the reservoir area, including agriculture industry, andbuilding construction and animal husbandry. Agricultural income constitutes 46 percent of total income and nonagricultural income constitutes 54 per cent of total income.Crop cultivation prevails in the agricultural economy, which constitutes 62 per cent oftotal agricultural value of out-put. Animal husbandry income constitutes 26 per cent oftotal agricultural value of out-put. According to the statistics in 1998, average grainyield is 839 kg/peasant for 14 towns within the reservoir area. Total area of farmland is0.3687 million mu and average farmland area is 1.24 mu/peasant. Maximum averagevalue is 1.38 mu/peasant and minimum average value is 1.04 mu/peasant.

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Table 3-3 Population and Annual Total Domestic Outputs (1998)

Population Annual Total Domestic OutputsNo AreaI

(104 people) (108 yuan)

1 Changsha City 576 542

2 Zhuzhou City 367 263

3 Xiangtan City 277 200

4 Hengyang City 697 300

5 Zhuzhou County 105 83

6 Hengshan County 82 53

7 Xiangtan County 145 168

8 Hengdong County t81 88

3.2.3 Communications Situation

The region has good transport facilities. Zhuzhou and Hengyang are railway terminal,Changsha and Hengyang are main highway terminal in China. Additionally,Changsha is also a main river port terminal of China. Therefore, a comprehensivetransport network has been formed in this region.

Railway: Jingguang Railway runs through Hunan Province on the right bank of theXiangjiang River. Railway is mainly used to transport goods and passengers in thisregion.

Highway: There are Jingzhu Expressway and 1815 Highway on the right bank ofXiangjiong River. There is 107 National Highway on the left bank of the XiangjiangRiver. Besides, simple asphalt roads have been built along the Xiangjiang River. Eachtown in reservoir area has highway too.

Zhuzhou Navigation Complex is 24km upstream of Zhuzhou city, and 6km away fromZhuzhou county (Lukong Town). There are bituminous road passing on the leftabutment of the proposed dam. The dam site is 13km away from Sanpu interchangeof the Jingzhu Expressway. The dam site is 74km away from Changsha and 110 kmfrom Hengyang (via Jingzhu Expressway). The dam site is 7km away fromNanyangqiao of provinical highway 1815. Besides, dam site is 6 km away fromZhuzhou County Railway Station.

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Waterway: There is a gold waterway-Xiangjiang River waterway in this region. Thedam site is 158 km downstream of Hengyang. The river section between Hengyangand Dayuandu with a total length of 62km has been channeled to be a kiloton-classwaterway. For the waterway between Dayuandu and Zhuzhou (120 km), 300 t-classfleet can pass through all year round. The the waterway from Zhuzhou to Chengligjiwith a total length of 259 km is a kiloton-class waterway. Zhuzhou and Hengyan areimportant combined transport ports in Hunan Province. Their goods throughputs are1.428 million-ton and 1.738 million-ton in 1998 respectively.

Leidashi is located in the downstream of dam site and it is 6km apart from each other.Two car ferries are set at Leidashi, which will be beneficial to the construction of thisproject.

3.2.4 Cultural relics & Tourism Resources

(1) Cultural Relics distributed in both banks of rivers may refer to the table6-1.According to the investigations in site and the date collected, there are no culturalrelics and historical sites in the area of river Channel, which need protection.

(2) Tourism Resources. Konglingan is located at the upstream with 1km away fromdam site. It is the tourism spot of Zhuzhou city with the annual travelling people aboutten thousand.

(3) National Minority. The Nationality of the people in the area are all Han nationalityno national Minority Living here

3.3 Regional Water Pollution Sources

After we made a detailed investigation on this region and analyzed the informationabout pollution source monitoring in 1998 and 1999, we find there are mainly 18 waterpollution sources along the trunk stream of the Xiangjiang River. Concrete distributionis shown in attached drawings. Equal standard pollution load method shall be taken toassess these water pollution sources. The results are shown as below:

(1) Main water pollutants in the trunk stream of Xiangjiang River are ammonia andnitrogen, next volatile phenol, total phosphorus and S2-. For equal standard pollutionload ratio, ammonia and nitrogen constitute 31.6%, volatile phenol constitutes 30.8%,total phosphorus constitutes 16.5%, S2-constitutes 15.5% and CODcr constitutes 3.6%.From above, we know that trunk stream of Xiangjiang River is mainly polluted byorganic wastewater.

P,=CkQ/CO

Of which: P1 equal standard pollution load ratio for certain pollutant

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Cl, C0 discharge concentration and environmental quality standard;

Q-waste water of pollutants;

Pn~ E P, P, equal standard pollution load for pollutants source

0 =PI/ Pn q equal standard pollution load ratio for certain pollutant

(2) Main pollution sources in the reservoir area are: Tianyu Pesticide Plant (XianghuaBranch). Hengsha Fertilizer Plant, domestic sewage in Hengshan county, domesticsewage in Shiwan town and Grangming Ceramics Factory, Their equal standardpollution load ratios are 64.9%, 26.7%, 5.7%, 2.3% and 0.2% respectively. The total is99.8%. as viewed from the distribution of pollution sources, pollution sources in thereservoir area are mainly grouped in the reservoir end.

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Table 3-4 Statistics of Polluted Water Discharging from Sources Located Along Xiangjiang River in the Area of Reservoir

Draining Total VolatileAmount of Ammonia Ss ON Phosphor S2 Phenol PX0 re

No Name of Pollution Resources Draining Place Polluted Ni(toa) (Va)us t P

Water & itognaOD (tla) (tla)

I * Xianghua Branch, Tianyu At the upstream 93km 225.0 36.5 821 111 0.104 34.1 71 3.46 1504.8 1Company away from Dam

2 Industrial porcelain Plant of At the upstream 88km 1.0 0.8 18 0.4 10Hengshan County away from Dam

3 Box & Paper Plant of Hengshan At the upstream 85km 5.0 9 8 0.6 8County away from Dam

4 Domestic Sewage of Hengshan At the upstream 84km 180.0 36 450 450 2.88 132.3 3County away from Dam

5 Vehicle FiHtings Plant of At the upstream 82km 8.0 0.84 0.04 0.2 14Hengshan County away from Dam

6 Nitrogen fertilize Plant of At the upstream 81km 209.0 280 200 858 105 0.63 0.111 617.8 2Hengshaan County away from Dam

7 Guangming Porcelain Plant At the upstream 1.5km 5.6 12.89 229 5.2 5away from Dam

8 Baiyu Porcelain Plant At the upstream 1.5km 1.2 0.87 20.8 0.46 9away from Dam

9 Gaofeng Porcelain Plant At the upstream 1.5km 2.6 2.26 54 1.19 7away from Dam

10 Lingyun Porcelain Plant At the upstream 0.3km 3.8 2.99 77.9 1.71 6away from Dam

*: Tianyu Company Xianghua Branch is mainly engaged in producing pesticides;

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Table 3-4 Statistics of Polluted Water Discharging from Sources Located Along Xiangjiang River in the Area of Recervior

Draining Total VolatileAmount of Ammonia Ss CN Phosphor S2- Phenol Ore

No Name of Pollution Resources Draining Place Polluted u SS Cs PX spho OrdeWater &Ntoe CD (tla) (tla) (tla)

(tla)(la

11 Domestic Sewage of Shiwan At the upstream 1.5km 72 14 180 180 1.15 52.1 4Town away from Dam

12 Wanshiwan Cement Plant of At the upstream 53km 1.3 0.1 2.6 0.06 13Zhuzhou County away from Dam

13 Longtan Cement Plant of At the upstream 43km 1.3 0.1 2.6 0.06 13Zhuzhou away from Dam

14 Jingtian Cement Plant of At the upstream 22km 2.7 0.2 5.4 0.12 11Zhuzhou County away from Dam

15 Jjintian Paper Plant of Zhuzhou At the upstream 22kmCounty away from Dam

16 Huanglong Cement Plant of At the upstream 4km 2.0 0.2 4.0 0.09 12Zzhuzhou County away from Dam

17 Shanmen Branch, F.C.F of At the upstream 4km 5.9Zhuzhou County away from Dam

18 Shanmen Cement Plant of At the upstream 4km 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.03 14Zhuzhou County away from Dam

19 Total 727.1 366.5 1681.4 2022.7 1.19 38.13 71.67 3.571

20 Equal Standard Pollution load Ratios Zpx1 06 733 84.1 40.5 6 381.3 358.4 714.2 2317.5

21 Orders of Pollutants 1 5 6 7 3 4 2

Remark: F.C.F of Zhuzhou County Shanmen Branch is mainly engaged in timber processing.

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3.4 Water Environment

3.4.1 Water Quality

According to the present situation of regional water pollution and the discharge ofmain pollution sources, following assessment parameters are determined:Permanganate index. BOD5, PH, SS, ammonia and nitrogen, DO, petroleum, totalphosphorus, volatile phenol and S'-.

We made a full investigation on present situation of water quality during the droughtperiod in December 4-6, 1999. Monitoring frequency is three days in succession andonce a day. Three samples shall be taken from left, middle and right points atXiangjiang River Section, Two samples shall be taken from left point and right point atMishui River section. Sampling positions are shown in the attached drawing. Waterquality monitoring and analysis shall be borne by Hengyang and ZhuzhouEnvironmental Protection Monitoring Stations.

Mathematical statistic methods such as mean value. surpassing rate and maximumsurpassing time etc, shall be used for assessment, Results are shown as below:

(1) Surpassing factors include petroleum, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen.For petroleum, except S5 section (Zhuting), other sections are surpassing; thesurpassing rate is 33%-66%and the maximum surpassing time reaches 1.2-4.5. Totalphosphorus concentration is surpassing at each section; the surpassing rate is 33-100% and maximum surpassing time reaches 0.2-0.79. Ammonia nitrogenconcentrations are surpassing at S2, S4 and S.; the surpassing rate is 11%and themaximum surpassing time reaches 0.4-0.1. From above, we can see that theXiangjiang River is polluted by organic matters.

(2) As viewed from maximum surpassing time, pollution in Hengyang segment is moreserious than that in Zhuzhou segment within the reservoir area. As viewed fromindividual index, total phosphorus pollution in Zhuzhou segment in more serious thanthat in Hengyang segment.

(3) Measure against 1999 monitoring data of such two regular monitoring section S3

(water intake of Hengshan county) and S5 (Zhuting Town) in table 3-7 and table 3-8(monitoring three periods: level period, low flow period and high-water period), we cansee heavy metal in water body has never exceeded limits. Exceeding contents inmonitoring section of Zhuting (S5) are petroleum, total phosphorus, ammonia, volatilephenol and that of Hengshan intake (S3) are COD, ammonia and volatile phenol.

We can see monitoring results of existing results basically fit for regular water qualitymonitoring results. So the evaluating river section has mainly polluted by organic substances.

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Table3-5 Statistics of Monitored results on Water Quality in Drought Periods

~~~ - _ ~~~~~Item\ Statisticstem PH SS D0 CODMfl BODs PhenVolatile Total Amnonia & s2

Statistics Item PH Ss DO COD,n BOD, PheVolatl Petroleum Phisphorus Nitrogen

Secticon\.

Number of Samples 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Average Value (mg/L) 7.26 15 7.8 1.98 0.7 0.001 0.074 0.095 0.28 0.002

Maximum Value (mg/L) 7.52 20 8.3 2.14 1.1 0.001 0.225 0.134 0.47 0.002

S, Minimum Value (mg/L) 7.20 11 7.4 1.83 0.4 0.001 0.002 0.050 0.20 0.002

Surpassing Rate 33 50

Maximum Surpassing time 3.5 0.34

Standard Value (mg/L) 6.5-8.5 5 8 4 0.005 0.05 0.1 0.5 0.2




S2 Minimum Value (mg/L) 7.18 7 6.5 1.89 0.3 0.001 0.002 0.085 0.22 0.002

Surpassing Rate (%) 33 33 11

Maximum Surpassing time . 25 0.2 0.1






Surpassing Rate (%) 33 66

Maximum Surpassing time 4 0.87

Standard Value (mg/L) 6.5-8.5 6 4 3 0,002 0.05 0.1 0.5 0.1

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Table3-5 Statistics of Monitoring results on Water Quality in Low Flow Periods

Item

~ \ Statistics Item PH SS DO CODM, BODs Volatile Petroleum Total Amnoniat & S2

Section



Maximum Value (mg/L) 7.80 12 8.4 2.50 0.80 0 001 0.275 0.117 0.52 0.002



Maximum Surpassing time 4.5 0.17 0.04



Average Value (mg/L) 8.04. 3 9.5 1.70 0.95 0.002 0.03 0.132 0.385 0.002


S, Minimum Value (mg/L) 7.88 2 8.4 1.58 0.84 0.001 0.01 0.106 0.234 0.002


Maximum Surpassing time 0.2 0.79 0.04





Se Minimum Value (mg/L) 7.90 2 8.5 1.34 0.48 0.001 0.03 0.100 0.287 0.002

Surpassing Rate (%) _ _ 66 100 I _ _

Maximum Surpassing time _ _1.2 0.64


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Tab% 3-6 1999 Water Quality Regular Monitoring Results Statistics(Section S3 of Hengshan Drinking Water Intake)

Index Number MIn. Max. Average Exceeding Standard Remark

Item Of rate (%) valueSamples

PH 27 6.40 7.31 7.01 0 6.5-8.5

SS 27 32 65 43

Chroma 27 8 18 12 0

DO 27 6.3 7.8 7.3 0 6

CODMn 27 2.11 4.02 3.18 3.7 4 Exceeding_____ ______ __________one tim e

BOD, 27 0.12 0.59 0.30 0 3

Non-ionic 27 0.007 0.028 0.015 11.1 0.02 Exceedingammonia three times

Volatile phenol 27 0.001 0.003 0.002 11.1 0.002 Exceedingthree times

As 27 0.008 0.026 0.013 0 0.05

Cd 27 0.002 0.004 0.0022 0 0.005

Cr6, 27 0.005 0.009 0.007 0 0.05

Pb 27 0.022 0.031 0.026 0 0.05

Zn 27 0.040 0.085 0.056 0 1.0

Cu 27 0.013 0.026 0.016 0 1.0

Cyanide 27 0.002 0.003 0.002 0 0.05 _____

Total phosphorus 27 0.008 0.081 0.026 0 0.1

Remark: This table is a monitoring statistics for S3 section in 1999 during level,high-water and low water period, prepared by Hengyang Environmental ProtectionMonitc Tng Station.

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Table 3-7 Water Quality Regular Monitoring Results Statistics (Zhuting Section S5)

Item for statistics pH SS DO COD,, BODs Ammonian Volatile Total petrol A, Cd Cr5l Pb Cuphenol eum

Number of 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

samples (pieces) 12.2 Average value 7.75 2 9.7 2.26 1.72 0.51 0.001 0.130 0.02 0.015 0.002 0.008 0.03 0.12

(mg/L)Mar. (mg/L) 8.08 4 11.3 3.20 2.48 0.88 0.002 0.168 0.05 0.030 0.003 0.015 0.04 0.15Min. (mg/L) 7.38 1 8.7 1.61 0.88 0.13 0.001 0.095 0.01 0.009 0.001 0.004 0.02 0.08

3 Exceeding rate i / / 50.00 75.00 16.67 /

Mar. Exceeding / 0.76 0.68 3.40 I Imultiple (times)

xn Samples (pieces) 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12.9 Average (mg/L) 7.77 5 7.1 2.61 1.41 0.411 0.004 0.107 0.02 0.012 0.002 0.008 0.02 0.08CLa) Mar. (mg/L) 8.00 12 7.6 3.20 3.20 0.866 0.020 0.170 0.06 0.023 0.003 0.016 0.03 0.11

CD Min. (mg/L) 7.50 1 6.2 2.22 0.40 0.198 0.001 0.063 0.01 0.004 0.001 0.005 0.01 0.03Bv Exceeding rate 25 16.67 50.00 16.67 / I I / I

s(%)_I) Mar. Exceeding 0.73 3.00 0.70 0.20 i

multiple (times)Numberofsample 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

(pieces)on Average (mg/L) 7.86 16 7.1 2.13 0.77 0.292 0.002 0.100 0.02 0.013 0.002 0.007 0.02 0.08

Mar. (mg/L) 8.12 69 8.2 2.96 2.44 0.489 0.003 0.213 0.08 0.028 0.003 0.014 0.03 0.12

Min. (mg/L) 7.35 1 6.2 1.30 0.28 0.161 0.001 0.063 0.01 0.006 0.001 0.004 0.01 0.04> Exceeding rate 40.00 6.67 / / I I /

X ~~(%)._Mar. Exceeding 1.13 0.60 / / / I Imultiple (times) _L_____

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3.4.2 Bottom Sludge.

We simultaneously monitored the situation of bottom sludge together with waterquality monitoring in December 1999. Total Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu and total Hg are taken asmonitoring factors. Monitoring results is assessed according to GB 4284 PollutantsControlling Standard in Sludge, measuring against the standard we can see: all ofelements are not higher than the standard, excepting from Cd located in the bottomsludge at the mouth of Mishui River (S2 section), which is as 1.35 times as theStandard. See monitoring results of bottom sludge in table 3-8.

Table 3-8 Monitoring Results and Assessments of Bottom Sludge (Unit: mg/kg)

Item S, S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 SVanldesd

Total Chrome 16.06 15.27 21.17 20.09 10.00 29.00 1000

Pb 64.79 126.29 103.21 158.60 47.50 83.50 1000

Cd 4.83 27.65 5.11 4.07 0.22 0.43 20

Cu 19.18 64.97 60.45 73.69 7.00 20.00 500

Total Hg 0.83 0.30 0.31 15

3.5 Ecological Environment

3.5.1 Situation of Vegetation Distribution

The reservoir area is typical subtropical hilly land. Elevation is about 80-200m. Acidred soil prevails. There is also partial purple soil. Forest in this area has beendestroyed until recent years. There are no rare plants in the evaluated area.Following shows the main vegetation:

(1) Arbor: China fir, masson pine, Chinese parasol, willow, camphor tree, nanmu,cypress, roble etc. Life of tree is about 1-8 years. Average height is 57m andaverage chest diameter is 8-15 cm. Closing rate is about 0.9.

(2) Economic Trees: tea tree, walnut, castanea, pear, persimmon, palm, orange,jujube etc.

(3) Shrub plants which is most plentiful in the reservoir area: azalea, Matrimony vine,wild grape, wild rose, Boston ivy etc.

(4)Herbs are distributed along the river and in the rand. Main kinds are shown asbelow:

desmodium. Indian-strawberry, milk vetch, wild fennel, wild chrysanthemum, wildsoya bean etc.

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In addition, there are some vegetable field and farmland along the river. cropsinclude vegetable, all kinds of melon or gourd, rice, corn and bean etc.

3.5.2 Situation of Terrestrial Animal in Reservoir Area

Because reservoir area belongs to typical subtropical plot, there are very few big wildanimals, of which, medium and small type animals are simple. No rare animals arefound there. Main wild animals include wild rabbit, field mouse, frog, snake and batetc. Domestic animals include wild rabbit, field mouse, frog, snake and bat etc.Domestic animals and birds include dog, pig, cattle, chicken, duck, rabbit and gooseetc, where dog, cattle and pig constitute most percentage. Because rainfall isplentiful and illumination is sufficient in the reservoir area, it is fit for insects to live in.Following lists the common birds and insects:

(1) Birds: sparrow, magpie, crow, mynah, cuckcoo, oriole, kingfisher, turtledove andegret etc.

(2) There are all kinds of insect except alpine insect However, Dongyangjie insectpopulation constitutes nearly 59per cent of total population, then Gubeijingpopulation (about 11%). Injurious insects include caterpillar, longicorn, bomboolocust, poisonous moth, bamboo moth etc.

3.5.3 Situation of Water Organisms.

(OFish Resource

There are many kinds of fish in Xiangjiang River. According to the statistics made byHunan Water Product Research Institute, there are 149 kinds of fish, which can bedivided into 11 orders, 26 families and 86 genera. Following lists the main fish in thetrunk stream of Xiangjiang River, black carp, grass carp, silver carp, variegated carp,silver xenocypris, carp, crucian carp, loach, gudgeon and macular hemibarbus,within the assessed reservoir area, carp-family fish prevails, then serranid.

According to the investigation by fishery department, fishing amount of black carp,grass carp, silver carp and variegated carp constitutes about 40 per cent of totalfishing amount.

(D Spawning Place for Commercial Fish

Spawning places mainly are grouped in the river segment between Hengyang andLengshuitan. Specificlocations cover Hezhou, Liangchuanbu, Yulifang, Baifang,Baimianshi, Laobutou, Dayuwan, Chenjiazhou, Songbo, Suhekou, Yuehu,XiangLushan and Luosihu, Now, the spawning places are smaller and morescaftering than before. There is no fish spawning place within the reservoir area ofthis project. From April to June of each year, lots of fish swin to the upstream. AlongChangjiang River and Dongting lake to spawn and the spawning place which islocated in the three construction Sections mentioned above.

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(3 Fishery Situation

Because no effective measures were taken in the last decades to protect the waterproduct resource of Xiangjang River, fry amount becomes fewer and fewer day byday. At present quantity of fishermen who fish for fry greatly decrease. Annual fishingamount is 7000-8000 ton recently. There are about 3000 professional fishermen andabout 500 fishing boats. Now, then mainly fish for marketable fish. Besides, thefishermen usually go from place to place with seasons without fixed place. Averagefishing amount per fishing boat decreases year by year. Now, most fishermen havechanged their occupations. In order to increase the fish output and meet the socialrequirements for fish resource, it is necessary to guide the fishermen to rightdevelopment towards cultivation instead of fishery.

Measuring two times monitoring results of heavy metals in living fish near theDayuandu section that carried out by Hunan Environmental Protection and MonitorStation in 1999 and 2000 against GB2762-81 Content Limit of Hg in Food andGB4810-84 Content Limit of Total As in Food, we can see the contents of Hg andAs in fish is much lower than the limits. Following table shows the monitoring results.

Contents of Heavy Metals in Fish in Dayuandu River Section of Xiangjiang River

(Unit: mg/kg)

Monitoring Hg Cd As Cr Pb Zn

Jan, 1999 0.09 0.0034 0.38 0.342 0.038 0.60Jan, 2000 0.018 0.007 0.27 0.227 0.030 0.028Limits 0.3 0.5

3.5.4 Plankton and Phytoplankton

(1)According to the samples taken in spring and autumn at Zhuzhou segment in1998, there are 52kinds of green alga and blue-green algae in the reservoir area,which are subordinated to 7 phylums and 32 genera.

(2)Plankton mainly consists of protozoa, Rotifera and crustacean (total 68 kinds). Inthe sample taken from Zhuzhou segment in summer in 1998, there are 45 kinds ofplankton. It is, there are 15 kinds of protozoon, which constitutes 33 per cent of totalkinds. There are 23 kinds of Rotifera, which constitutes 51.1 per cent of total kinds.There are7 kinds of crustacean in it, which constitutes 15.6 per cent of total kinds.Fro(n above, we know that Rotifera prevails, then protozoon.

(3) Benthonic Invertebrate

Tardigvada is the dominant population among the benthonic invertebrate in the riversegment within reservoir area. There are 19 kinds of tardigvada, which constitutes53 per cent of total kinds. According to our sample, vivipara family mollush andchironomid family of tardigvada are dominant.

3.6 Atmospheric & Acoustic Environment

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3.6.1 Atmospheric Environment

In Dec 1999, we monitored the air at Kongzhou Island and the action wereperformed for four times every day and lasted for five days. The monitoring factorsare NO, and TSP. We have made four times monitors every day. The monitoringresults are as the following table, from which we find that there are no exceedingcases in each frequency.

Table3-9 Statistics of Monitoring Results of Air Quality

Number Value of one time D ay Average ValuePollutants Place of* Density Surpassing Tie f Density Surpassing Maimum o

Pollutants Place Effective Scope Rate Maxim um Scope Rate MaximumSamples (mgl (%) standard (mg/m3) (%) standard

Kong 0.014- 0.027- 0 NO, zhou 20 0110 0 0 0.077 0 0

_________Island 01 .7Kong 0.169- 00

TSP zhou 5 0.240 0 0_____ _____ Isla n d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

3.6.2 Acoustic Environment

We have set three noise monitoring points located in left bank, right bank andKongzhou Island respectively. The monitoring action lasts for two days and it isdivided into two parts of day and night. According to the analysis of monitoringresults, we know that the noise of left bank in the day is beyond the standards due tothe traffic and other places are normal. The monitoring results may refer to table 3-10.

Table3-10 Noise Monitoring Results Statistics (Unit: dB(A))Monitoring Points Day Night I standard Value of GB3096-93

Kongzhou 49 42 Daytime: 55Left Bank 68 45Right Bank 50 43 Night: 45

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4. Impacts on Water Environment

4.1 Impacts on Water Environment during Construction Phase

4.1.1 Impact of Domestic Sewage on Water environment

This project is a large-scale project. During construction, the living quarters arelocated nearby the dam site. The population can reach about 4000 at peak-timeduring construction Phase. If average domestic sewage discharge is estimated to be1 0OL/person a day, total domestic sewage discharge will be 400 t/d. According to ourinvestigation on similar projects, after the sewage is treated by the settling tank andthe septic tank, the content of each pollutant is lower than those in municipal sewage.Usually, COD concentration is about 50-100 mg/l and BOD5 concentration 30-60mg/L.

The construction Phase will be 4 years. Therefore domestic sewage at constructionsite must be centrally treated so as to meet the discharge standard. Two-dimensional steady water quality model shall the used to predict the domesticsewage impact on downstream places. As viewed from the predicting results,because the water flow of Xiangjiang River (receiving water body) is high enough, itis very easy for pollutants to dilute and disperse. Even if the domestic sewage atconstruction site is directly discharged without any treatment, its contribution toCODcr concentration at the place close to the bank is only 0.056 mg/L, whichconstitutes 0.28 per cent of standard value. Therefore, domestic sewage has littleimpact on Xiangjiang River during construction Phase.

4.1.2 Impact of Production Sewage on Water environment

A great quantity of sand and stone will be needed for the construction. According tothe analogue investigation, SS concentration is about 250 g/L in dreg dressingwastewater. If the quantity of dreg dressing wastewater is estimated to be 1 OOOtd forthis project, quantity of discharged SS can reach 250 tVd. If average flow ofXiangjiang River is calculated to be 1680 m3/s, SS concentration increment will be1.7 mg/L in Xiangjiang River segment, which is located in the downstream of dregdressing system. The water flow will be 320 m3/s during the drought period, thus SSconcentration increment will be 9.1mg/L. This shows that SS in dreg dressingwastewater has great impact on Xiangjiang River in drought period. In order toreduce this impact, settling tanks must be set up to treat the dreg dressingwastewater. Water can be reused after settlement. Dreg dressing wastewater is notdischarged after treatment, thus it has little impact on the river.

Concrete flushing and curing wastewater will also produce SS pollution. However thequantity of this kind of wastewater is very small, it has little impact on Xiangjiang River.

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4.2 Impact on Hydrologic Situation during Operation Phase

4.2.1 Impact on Water Temperature

When the reservoir reaches the normal impounded level, the total storage capacitywill be 4.7X10 0m 3 and the average flow at the dam site is 1670m3 /s. That is to say,the water in the reservoir can be replaced every 3.3 days. The water depth at thedam site is 10m. It is of the typical low-dam run-off-river regulating reservoir. Watertemperature structure in the reservoir area of this project is of mixed type. Therefore,the natural water temperature state will not be affected by the dam construction.

4.2.2 Impact of Project on Sludge and Sand Sedimentation

Sediment accumulation shall take place after the sediments enter into the reservoirarea. The reason is that sand-carrying capacity of water falls due to the change offlow regimen.

(1) Impact of Suspended Sediment on Environment

Suspended sediments shall be mixed with water body in natural state. According tothe investigation, mean particle diameter of suspended sediment in the assessedwaters is 0.03-0.04mm and the average rate of settling is 0.004m/s.

In the assessed river segment, transport capacity of suspended load is 6.67 millionton per year. After ZNCP is completed, water flow velocity for the river segment inthe reservoir area will greatly decrease. The average flow velocity will change from0.7 m/s to 0.2-0.6 m/s. Although most of the suspended load will be mixed with waterbody, partial particles with large diameter will deposit in dead water region and damfront region, where water flow velocity is very low. If the gate of dam is opened in theflood period, the deposited suspended sediments will be discharged together withthe water.

If deposited suspended sediments constitute 10 per cent of total suspended load,0.67 million tone of suspended sediment will be deposited per year. If flood capacityis estimated to be 11420 m3/s and flood duration is 15 days, SS concentration will beincreased by 45 mg/L due to the sluicing in the flood period. This shows that SSconcentration will increase in a short time due to the sluicing in the flood period,which will affect the water quality of downstream river segment.

(2) Impact of Transported Sediment Accumulation on Environment

Transported sediments are coarser than suspended sediments. After they enter intothe reservoir area, it is easy to accumulate. Transported sediment accumulation isalways the major factor for river-bed evolution. An empirical formula (established byWuhan Hydraulic Engineering College) is used to estimate the bed-load transportcapacity. According to the calculation, the transport capacities of bed load are128800 tla and 2900 t/a for water bodies in Hengshan segment and dam front

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respectively. The difference between the above two values is the accumulatedamount of transported sediment in the reservoir area. Total accumulated amount is125900 tVa.

(3) Analysis of Sediment Accumulation Impact on Environment

Hydraulic Engineering Department of Tsinghua University has summarized thecommon features of completed hydraulic projects in China. They advanced a newtheory that the ratio between the reservoir capacity (v) and annual sedimentdischarge (w5) (namely, K=VIw5) should be used to judge the sediment accumulationstatus of the reservoir. If k is over 50 and the loss rate of reservoir capacity is lowerthan 1%, sediment accumulation is not serious.

For the project, the loss rate of reservoir capacity is 0.92%; annual sedimentdischarge is 6.67 million m3 and the reservoir capacity is 4.743X 108m3,thus k is 72.3,which is over 50. This shows that sediment accumulation is not serious in thereservoir of this project.

In order to reduce the sediment accumulation, some effective measures shall betaken, for example, storing clean water and discharging muddy water.

4.2.3 Impact of Project on Hydrology

The reservoir of ZNCP will be controlled together with Duyuandu NavigationComplex. During the flood period, when the reservoir inflow at Hengshan Station isless than or equal to the maximum outflow of Power Plant, level of reservoir willremain normal and power will be generated by natural water. when the inflow ishigher than the maximum outflow, gate shall be gradually opened to relieve the flood.When water head in Power Plant is less than 3m, shut-down shall be carried out. Atthis time, the navigation complex is fully used to relieve the flood. During the droughtperiod, when the river segment in the downstream of the dam site is not deepenough for navigation, Dayuandu Navigation Complex will be controlled tocompensate the navigable flow. Navigable flow for Zhuzhou and Xiangtan are 245m3/s and 270 m3/s respectively. After Dayuandu and Zhuzhou navigation complexesare completed, the flow can be adjusted in the drought period. At that time, flow inthe segment between Zhuzhou and Xiangtan can reach 342-366 m3/s.

From above, it shows that ZNCP has no impact on downstream hydrology. In specialcases, water flow can be controlled by Dayuandu navigation complex. If gate isopened for flood relief, there is no impact on the hydrology and the safety of damsite.

During the storage period of the dam, there will be impact on downstream hydrology.About 3.36 days will be needed to reach 40.5 meters' level (normal level) duringnormal period (Full closure is assumed). If intercepting flow constitutes 20 per cent ofthe flow during normal period, about 17 days will be needed to reach normal level(40.5 m). When water flow in the river is very low, water storage must be prohibited

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so as to reduce the impact on the hydrology of downstream river segment. In fact,annual average flood-relief time is about 12 days. Water storage is begun usuallybetween flood period and normal period. At this time, because water flow inXiangjiang River is big enough, there is no impact on water utilization in thedownstream river segment.

If the dam begins to store water in the drought period, there is bad impact on thehydrology in the downstream river segment. If full closure is assumed, about 17.6days will be needed to reach normal level. If the intercepting flow constitutes 20 percent of total flow, about 3 months will be needed to reach normal level. Therefore,water storage should begin in high-water period or normal period. Drought periodshould be avoided as far as possible.

4.3 Impact on Integral Water Quality in Reservoir Area during Operation Phase

Zhuzhou Navigation Complex will be put into operation in 2005. At that time, diffusivecapability of pollutant in water body will be weakened due to the raised level andlowered flow velocity. In this section, we will predict the change of overall waterquality for Xiangjiang River segment within the reservoir area (total length is 96 km)after the project is put into operation.

4.3.1 Impact of Main Pollution Sources in Trunk Stream of Xiangjiang River on WaterBody in Reservoir Area

(1) Prediction of Pollution Sources

After this project is put into operation in 2005, main pollution sources discharge willchange in trunk stream of Xiangjiang River within reservoir area. According to theregional social & economic development situation and the environmental protectionplan, average economic growth rate will be about 7% per year in this area from 1998to 2005. Industrial pollution sources and domestic sewage must be discharged up tostandard in 2000. Therefore, we predict two kinds of pollution source discharge in2005, namely, discharge up to standard and accident discharge. For the details referto table 4-1. From this table we can know that discharge of main pollutants willgreatly decrease in 2005 when main pollution sources are discharged up to standard.If all pollution sources are discharged without treatment (namely accident discharge),pollutant discharge will be greatly increased by 60% in 2005. In 2015 when thedischarge meets the standard, CODcr and CN will increase as compared to now, butthe discharge of other pollutants will be lower than the baseline. So we can see thatthe overall water quality in 2015 will gain improvement over now. In 2015, when thepollutants are discharged untreated, the quantity of discharge will be twice that of thebaseline.

Table4-1 Prediction list of Main Pollutants Discharge in Trunk Stream of XiangjiangRiver (In Reservoir Area)

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Discharge Up to Accident Disharge Upto AccidentItm Unit Year Stndad in Disdhiarge in Standa Discharge

1998 Stadar5i 2005 205 n2015

Ammonia & tVa 366.5 164.6 586.4 324.3 1155Nitrge

Volatile Phenol Va 3.57 1.911 5.712 3.76 11.25

Phosphorus ta 38.1 3.82 61.0 7.53 120.2

s2- t/a 71.7 4.27 114.7 8.37 226.0

COD,, Va 1681.4 1327 2690.2 2614 5299

SS tVa 2022.7 1151.7 3236.3 2267 6375

CN- ta 1.19 1.19 1.90 2.34 3.74

Wastewater 104f 727.1 1168.0 1168.0 2301 2301

(2) Prediction of Overall Impact on Water Quality in Reservoir Area

For the convenience of prediction, we assume that pollutants discharged fromsources can be quickly and uniformly mixed with water body. Furthermore,degradation of organic matters and natural sedimentation of SS are not considered.

Complete-mixed model is used for prediction.

Prediction Time: Normal Period and 90% guarantee rate Drought Period (The formerrefers to the period between August and November and the latter betweenNovember and February of the coming year)

Pollutant Discharge: Discharge up to standard and Accident Discharge.

Table4-2 shows the result. (The data in the table include overlap influence ofbackground value and prediction value.)

From table 4-2 we can see, no matter in normal period or drought period, the integralwater quality of assessed river section in 2015, no factors except total P haveexceeded limits.

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Environmental impact Assessment

Table 4-2 Prediction List of Impact on Overall Water Quality in Reservoir Area in 2015

(Unit: mg/I)

Normal Period 1 Drought PeriodClass II

Item . Discharge Discharge up Discharge standard inDtscharge without to Standard without GGZBI-1999to Standard Treatment Treatnent

Ammonia & 0.366 0.382 0.393 0.476 0.5Nitrogen

Volatile Phenol 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002Total 0.111 0.113 0.112 0.123 0.1

Phosphorus

s2- 0.002 0.006 0.003 0.025 0.1COD, 2.00 2.05 2.21 2.50 4

SS 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.6CN- 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.05

4.3.2 Prediction of Oil Pollution Impact in Reservoir Area

Based on the present monitoring results, we understand that the oil content in thereservoir area during the drought period is 0.067mg/l, 34% higher than the standards(0.05mg/1).

The oil pollution discharging source is very few at the reservoir area for the 96km ofXiangjiang trunk stream. The major oil pollution comes from the discharges fromvessels and oil pollution brought about by Xiangjiang Upstream and its branchMishui River.

1) Estimate of Oil Pollution Source of Vessels

a. Flushing and Ballasting Water

Based on the survey on the present operational vessels, the operating oil vesselscomprise only 10% of the overall operating vessels in Xiangjiang River. Thedischarging from the vessels includes flushing and ballasting water. According to theDesign Specifications for Port Project Environmental Protection, the amount ofwastewater discharge takes up 20% of the general cargo transportation volume, ofwhich, the oil pollution content is approximately 3,000mg/l.

b. Bottom Cabin Water

Each vessel carries bottom cabin waste water, the average discharge amount is0.27tVday at the 500-1,000t class, the pollution content of which is approximately5,000mg/l.

c. Standard Discharge

In accordance with Water Pollution Control Law of the People's Republic of China, in2000, discharges from vessels are required to be treated prior to discharging incompliance with GB3552-83 Waste Substance Discharging Standards for Vessels,

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the oil pollution content is limited to be less than 15mg/l.

d. Cargo Transportation Volume

Feasibility Study Report shows that the cargo transportation volume was and will be5.6 million ton in 1999, 7.98 million ton in 2005 and 11.15 million ton in 2015.

2) Impact of Vessel Pollution Standard Discharge on Reservoir Area

The background value of oil pollution of the water in reservoir area is 0.067mg/Iduring drought period in 1999. Xiangjiang River is a major river, 90% guarantee flowrate at the dam site during drought period is 320m3/s. Vessel pollution dischargingactivity is in a random manner.

One-dimensional water quality model will be used in the prediction, the results ofwhich is provided as below:

Table 4-3 Prediction of Water Quality in Reservoir Area with Standard Vessel Discharge

Oil Content Oil Content in | Oil Pollution Oil Pollutionin Flushing I Bottom Cabin I Increased Integrated

Item Ballasting Water Total Value in Value inWater Discharging Reservoir Reservoir

Rate (Ua) Area (mg/l) Area (mg/l)Discharging DischargingRate (tva) Rate (tVa)

1999 8.4 0.13 8.53 0 0.0670

2005 12.0 0.18 12.18 0.0004 0.0674

2015 16.7 0.25 16.95 0.0009 0.0679

In 2005, the external discharging oil pollution will be 12.18tVa, 3.65Va higher thanthat of 1999. Including the background value, the oil pollution content will be0.0674mg/l in the reservoir area.

In 2015, the external discharging oil pollution will be 16.95t/a, 8.42t/a higher thanthat of 1999. Including the background value, the oil pollution content will be0.0679mg/l in the reservoir area.

3) Impact of Vessel Pollution Discharge without Prior Treatment on Reservoir Area

The impact of vessel pollution discharge without prior treatment on reservoir area ispredicted as below (Table 4-4):

Including the background value, the oil pollution content will be 0.1204mg/l in 2005and 0.1415mg/l in 2015.

From the above, we understand that the vessel pollution discharge without priortreatment will cause certain impact on the water in the reservoir area. Therefore, the

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navigation administrations and the environmental protection units must reinforcecontrol over vessels in order to ensure a standard discharge from all vessels.

Table 4-4 Prediction of Water Quality for Vessel Discharge without Prior Treatment

Flushing I Bottom Oil Pollution Oil PollutionBallasting Water Cabin Water Increased Integrated

Item Total Value in Value inDischarging Reservoir Reservoir

Discharging Discharging Rate(tla) Area (mg/I) Area (mg/I)Rate (t/a) Rate (tVa)

2005 478.8 59.9 538.7 0.0534 0.1204

2015 669.0 83.6 752.6 0.0745 0.1415

4.4 Impact on Water Intake during Operation Phase

4.4.1 Impact of Project Operation on Drinking Water Intake in Hengshan County

Organic pollution is the dominant pollution in the assessed area of Xiangjiang River.According to the present situations of regional water environment and main pollutionsources, permanganate index and total phosphorus are determined to be predictivefactors. Xianghua Chemical Company is located in the upstream of drinking waterintake of Hengshan county and is about 7 km away, which is the dominant pollutionsource in the assessed river segment. About the status-quo of the waterenvironment and waste-water discharge of Xianghua Chemical Company, pleaserefer to Investigation of Environment Status-quo (Chapter Three).

The supply of pesticide has exceeded demand in recent years, so it is almost nopossible for Xianghua Branch Company enlarging its production scale. At the sametime, due to the drinking water intake of Hengshan county is located at 7km awayfrom the drainage outlet, to protect water quality, Xianghua Branch Company'spesticides production shall be restricted. So it is predicated that sewage discharge in2005 and 2015 will be the same as present condition.

Discharge condition of main pollutants COD and total P in wastewater of XianghuaChemical Company is as follows:

a. discharge without treatment: COD discharge concentration 54.2g/s; total P1 .28g/s;

b. discharge after treatment: COD discharge concentration 3.9gJs; total P 0.47g/s.

Taking average value of monitoring results of S3 section as background value, ofwhich background value of COD is 2.16mg/l. Background value of total P is0.131mg/I.

With two-dimensions steady-state hybrid mode recommended by EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Guideline, the predicated results is showed in table 4-5,comparing with GH2BI-1999 type 11 water quality standards we can see, COD will

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not exceed limits at water intake of Hengshan county in 2015, but total P will exceedlimits in all conditions. Total P exceeding limits mainly caused by backgroundconcentration exceeding limits (up to 0.131mg/I).

Table 4-5 Water Quality Prediction Results Table of Hengshan County Water Treatment PlantUnit: 0.131 mg/i

Item Discharge after treatment Discharge without treatment Assessmenttern Level Period Low-water Period Level Period Low-water Period StandardCOD 2.17 2.24 2.38 3.24 4Total 0.131 0.138 0.136 0.151 0.1

P

4.4.2 Impact of Project Operation on Water Intake in Shiwan Town

According to the present situation investigation, domestic sewage is the biggestpollution source on water quality in Shiwan Towan. Sewage outlet is located in theupstream of water intake and is about 1500 m away.

Estimated according to national economy increasing rate 7%, main pollutants indomestic sewage of Shiwan in 2005 and 2015 are estimated as following table. Theimpact of domestic sewage was calculated with two-dimensions steady-state mixmode recommended by Environmental Assessment Guideline and intake waterquality was predicated during two level years. The predicted results are listed in table4-6.

Table 4-6 Prediction of Water Quality in Shiwan Town Water Plant

Item Year 2005 Year 2015 Assessment standardDomestic Waste water 2766 5443Sewage quantity (m3/d)Concentration NH3/N (gls) 0.480 0.945

COD (gls) 3.201 6.300Total P (g/s) 0.016 0.031

Water Quality NH./N (mg/i) 0.38 0.38 0.5Concentration COD (g/s) 2.39 2.43 4at water intake Total P (g/s) 0.069 0.070 0.1in Level waterperiodWater Quality NH3/N (mg/l) 0.40 0.44 0.5Concentration COD (g/s) 2.56 2.78 4.0at water intake Total P (g/s) 0.070 0.071 0.1in Level waterperiod .

Comparing with type 11 standard of GHZBI-1999 Surface Water EnvironmentalQuality Standards we can see, NH3/N, COD and total P at water intake of ShiwanWater Plant will not exceed limits in 2005 and 2015.

4.4.3 Impact on Sanmen and Zhuting Water Quality

(1) Brief introduction of Sanmen and Zhuting Town Water Intake

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Sanmen water intake is for industrial use of Sanmen Forestry & Chemical Plantwith rate of draft 10OOtd. Zhuting water intake is for industrial use of LongtanSement Plant with rate of draft 10OOtd.

(2) Impact Analysis

According to GHZBI-1999 Surface Water Environment Quality Standards, in whicheven water quality in class 4 can meet demands of normal use for industrialproduction. The present water quality investigation shows, the quality of water in S5(Zhuting section) and S6 (Sanmen Section) can both meet the demand of class 4standard. After completion of the Project, only the downstream of sewage outlet willbe impacted, that is to say, not good for diffusion of pollutants, but to the whole waterbody, there is little impact. 10km away from the above-mentioned two water intakesin upstream, there is no waste water outlet, so the construction of the Project haslittle impact to Zhuting and Sanmen water intake.

Judge from rate of draft, after operation of the project, due to water becoming deeper,water will be more easier to be draught and energy consumption will be reduced, sothis Project will be favorable for the above mentioned two water intakes.

So, to sum up, the construction of the Project is favorable for water-draught ofZhuting town and Sanmen town.

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5. Analysis of Ecological Impact

5.1 Impact on Vegetation

5.1.1 Impact on Vegetation during Construction Phase

Dam construction, construction site arrangement, highway construction, substationconstruction, explosive magazine setup and stock ground construction etc. willoccupy the land and destroy the vegetation. According to our site investigation, thereare no precious or rare plants within the reservoir area. Vegetation to be destroyedinclude pine, China fir, tea tree, shrub and weeds. According to the preliminaryestimate, 124.3 mu of forest land will be occupied, which includes 5 mu of gardenplot, 43.8mu of timber forest, 74.1 mu of economic forest and 1.4 mu of bambooforest, Besides, 790 mandarin orange tress, 315 fruit trees, 90 economic trees. 2782timbers and 852 bamboo trees will be destroyed. After the project is completed, thevegetation destroyed by the construction of substation, dam and buildings can not berecovered, but the rest of the destroyed vegetation can be recovered. Besides,vegetation-covering rate nearby dam site can be increased by strengtheningplantation and planting turf so as to further reduce the soil erosion. Therefore, impactof construction on regional vegetation is temporary and recoverable.

5.1.2 Impact of Migrant Resettlement on Vegetation

Building removal and reconstruction will occupy some forest-land and shrub.Besides, partial vegetation will be destroyed. For this project, 124 people need to beemigrated and 7000 m2 of land will be occupied for building removal andreconstruction. A small amount of vegetation will be destroyed. According to thefeasibility study, 2785 mu of farmland must be compensated for the inundated land,which can be executed by adjusting partial paddy field. Furthermore, inundatedfarmland can be turned into pools. Therefore, no new farmland shall be opened upand no new vegetation shall be destroyed. Impact of emigrant arrangement onvegetation is mainly revealed in land occupation for new building construction.

5.1.3 Impact of Inundation on Vegetation

99 mu of forest will be inundated by the reservoir, which includes 324 mandarinorange trees, 123 fruit trees, 7 economic trees, 1475 timbers and 76 bamboo tress.Therefore local vegetation source and yield will be decreased. Besides, original landecology will be changed to be water ecology. Because inundated vegetation mainlyinclude rice. China fir, economic tree and shrub and there is no rare plant, impact ofinundation on vegetation source is temporary. Vegetation covering rate can beincreased by plantation and planting.

In a word, construction and operation of this project will only affect the quantity ofregional vegetation. In addition, this influence can be reduced by plantation.

5.2 Impact on Water Organism

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5.2.1 Impact on Water Life

According to the monitoring data for the completed reservoirs in Hunan Province(such as Dongjiang), after the dam retains water, community structure of water lifewill change from river phase to lake phase. In addition, algae composition andoriginal productivity will change with aging of reservoir. Quantity of plankton andwater plant will greatly increase. Furthermore, community structure of benthos willchange.

5.2.2 Impact on Fish

(1) Impact on Fish Quantity

After the project is put into operation, water flow velocity will be lowered, especially indrought period. This is very beneficial to the sedimentation and accumulation oforganic decay and nutrient inorganic salt, which created good external conditions forthe growth and reproduction of water plants and planktonic algae. Quantity ofeconomic fish will be increased in water body within reservoir area due to theincrease of food organisms such as planktonic algae and protozoa etc.

After the dam is constructed, a stable water space will be formed in the reservoirarea (total length is 96km). Water surface area will be changed from 48 km2(beforewater storage )to 58.9 km2 (after water storage). Besides, volume of water body willbe changed from 0.25 billion m3 to 0.4734 billion m3. Because the drought period ofXiangjiang River is long, water surface and water body will form a continuous andstable waters for about 8 months after water storage. This will be beneficial to thegrowth of water life and the natural reproduction of fish, especially to the net fish-farming.

In a word after Zhuzhou Navigation Complex is completed, fishery output will greatlyincrease. This shows that this project is beneficial to the fishery.

(2) Impact of Fish Population

After the project is put into operation, fish population structure will change in thereservoir area. Quantity of fishes which like to live in running water will decrease andquantity of fishes which like to live in steady water will increase. At that time, cruciancarp. carp and bream will be the dominant fish.

Black carp, grass carp, carp and crucian carp are of migration floating fishes. Damconstruction will change their living environment, which will be not beneficial to theirgrowth and reproduction. Therefore artificial cultivation methods will be used. At thattime, quantity of above-mentioned four fishes will not decrease but increase greatly.

(3) Impact on Fish Reproduction

Water level difference between upstream and downstream of the dam is about 12m.Thus migration passageway will be separated, which is not beneficial to fish

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reproduction. For the river segment between Zhanghepu and Jiaohegou (total lengthis 75km), it is suitable for food fishes to spawn due to its geographic location and rivecharacteristics. A great number of food fishes will come to the above-mentioned riversegment to spawn during April to June every year. Original fish source protectionprogram for Dayuandu project is that a fish passageway (400m in length) will beconstructed to settle the problem of fish migration.

However, according to the suggestions of fishery experts, 9-stage channelizationprogram should be taken for the long-term shipping development of Xiangjiang.Therefore if fishes want to go to upstream spawning place, they have to pass severalstages, which will seriously consume their physical power and greatly reduce theirreproductive capability. Above all, the ecology will change for the spawning placeafter channelization. Therefore the above-mentioned program has no practicalimpact. As viewed from long-term plan, artificial cultivation of fry and periodical fryintroduction will be more effective to protect fish resource in Xiangjiang River andDongting Lake. This program can solve the problem of fish resource protection andcompensation. After having been approved by the world Bank, this program hasbeen successfully executed in Dayuandu Navigation Complex in 1999, 80 millionfries have been introduced into the river at two times till now. According to the fisheryresource survey conducted by water product sectors, ever since the beginning tillnow, the four domestic fishery resources within the reservoir area have increasedinstead of declining, thus resulting in an increase in the fishing output.

In order not to influence the fishery resource, kind, quantity and location of fryintroduction can be adjusted according to actual situation.

5.3 Impact on Public Health

Operation of this project will change the hydrology in this region. Construction andresidents resettlement will have impact on regional public health. Influenced areasinclude the construction site and resettlement. Following diseases may appear:biharziasis, plague, malaria, and entomophila in factious disease.

5.3.1 Analysis of Public Health in Construction Site

Population density and mobility will be both high during construction of this project.As some services can not keep up with the development, infectious diseases mayeasily appear and spread, such as plague, malaria etc. Therefore sanitationmanagement should be strengthened on the construction site. Specific personsshould be appointed to be in charge of sanitation and anti-epidemic work. Drinkingwater must be sterilized. Health check should be periodically made for the workers. Ifany infectious disease is found, the person must be isolated and cured immediately.Sanitation knowledge should be taught to the workers before construction.

5.3.2 Analysis of Public Health in Resettlement Area

Residents resettlement is directly involved with population flow and goods flow.

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Following preventive measures should be taken during migrant arrangement so as toreduce the bad impact on health:

(1) Health check must be made for the emigrants before emigration. If any infectiousdisease is found, the person must be given timely treatment.

(2) Drinking water source must be carefully considered, and water quality checkedby local environmental protection department.

(3) A thorough hygienic work must be done in newly-built settlement, such aseradication of rat and mosquito.

(4) Local public health department must check it out regularly after resettlement.

5.3.3 Analysis of Project Operation on Public Health

After the reservoir stores water, flow velocity will slow down and water surface areawill increase, which will provide living environment for some disease-transmissionanimals. In the meantime, rats have to move to other places due to the inundation byreservoir so rats density will increase around the reservoir area. Therefore, theincidence of infectious disease will increase. According to the analogue,Entomophila infectious diseases can be controlled as long as all the residents takegood care of their health and make a periodical health check.

The department concerned once made a key-point investigation on bilharziasis atBaiyutan Power Station and Shuangpai Reservoir. They didn't find the, intermediatehost oncomelania, which communicates bilharziasis. Also bilharziasis have neverappeared in the reservoir area of Qingchong Turbine Pumping Station, which islocated the Miluo River nearby Dongting Lake. Therefore, according to the analogue,bilharziasis will not occur in the reservoir area of this project.

5.4 Impact on Soil Erosion

5.4.1 Situation of Soil Erosion

For ZNCP, its construction site will occupy land for about 136.4 hm2, 66.73 hm2 offarmland will be occupied, which constitutes about 48.9 per cent of total occupiedland. 34.21 hm2 of forestland will be occupied, which constitutes 25.1 per cent oftotal occupied land. Others constitute 26%.

According to site investigation, "Classification Standard for Soil Erosion" and "Waterand Soil Conservation Planning Report" are used for assessment. Slopes ofoccupied farmland, resident quarter and land for communication are between 0°and 5° , and soil erosion is mini-scale. The erosion modulus is less than or equal to200V/ km2 year. However, for the occupied forest land, flood land and grassland, theirslopes are between 50 and 15' , and therefore soil erosion is slight-scale. Theerosion modulus is 200-1000t/km2 year. Background value of soil erosion is 351.5t/year in the construction site of this project,

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5.4.2 Prediction of Soil Erosion Increment during Construction phase

Construction site is taken as prediction range and construction phase is taken asprediction time.

The prediction of soil erosion within this construction site is mainly based on the fieldsurvey and integrated with the impact analysis of site topography, vegetation andslope degree. The erosion quantity is estimated according to the analogy provided inClassification Standard for Soil Erosion, while the disposed residues quantity isestimated according to analogy of relevant existing projects monitoring data.

(1) Construction Site

It mainly includes auxiliary enterprises, warehouse, living and office facilities andwharf etc. total occupied land area is 0.7994 million m2, where farmland and forestland are dominant. Most auxiliary projects are completed before major project isstarted in the construction site. Thereby, construction time is short and labor intensityis heavy, which will cause the increase of soil erosion. However, soil erosion willgradually drop during 3 years' construction phase for the major project. Removal oftemporary facilities will also cause soil erosion to some degree at the end of thisproject. The terrain slopes gently for the occupied land in construction phase. Theslopes are between 00 and 10° . According to "classification Standard for SoilErosion;" average erosion modulus is estimated to be 3500Vtkm2 year in the first yearfor the construction site. Thereby, amount of soil erosion is 2797.9 ton in the firstyear for the construction site.

(2) Wastes Yard

Total occupied land area is 0.4779 million m2 for three waste yards. Total volume ofdiscarded waste is 2.6735 million m3. Farmland, forest land and pool are dominantoccupied land. Topography of waste yard is cheuch-type and its bottom terrainslopes gently. This yard is embraced on three sides by green hills and on one side bygully. According to our calculation, volume of wastes erosion is 0.164 million m3 inthe first year, 0.129 million m3 in the second year and 0.1615 million m3 in the thirdyear. Thereby, total volume of waste soil erosion is about 0.4545 million m3 in theconstruction phase. If specific gravity is estimated to be 1.7 t/ m3

J total weight of soilerosion is 0.7727 million ton.

(3) Stone Processing System and Concrete Mixing System:

Total occupied land area is 50,000 m3. Farmland and forest-land prevail in theoccupied land. Terrain slopes gently. The slopes are between 0° and 200 .The twosystems will be completed in the first year. Because the intensity of earth and stoneexcavation and leveling is heavy, soil erosion becomes more serious. If averageerosion modulus is estimated to be 6,500 t/kM2 year, volume of soil erosion is 325 tin the first year. Volume of soil erosion will gradually drop along with the completionof production systems.

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(4) Newly-Built Road:

Many new roads must be built in the construction site. Total length is 3.7 km andoccupied land area is 37,000m2. According to the land condition after excavation andfilling, soil erosion modulus is determined to be 15000t/km2 year. Becauseconstruction time is short, only one year is calculated. Thereby, volume of soilerosion will be 555 ton during road construction phase.

According to above-mentioned analysis, if measures for soil and water conservationare not taken, volume of soil erosion will be increased by 0.7764 million ton. If soilerosion due to waste yard construction is not considered, volume of soil erosion willbe increased by 3677 ton.

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6. Impact on Social, Atmospheric & Acoustic Environments

6.1 Impact on Social Environment

6.1.1 Land Acquisition and Resettlement

6.1.1.1 Principal Tangible Material Indices

a) Reservoir area

NPL is 40.5 meters, the reservoir inundation will cover some units and 538 villagergroups 1 90 villages in 14 townships in Zhuzhou, Hengdong, Hengshan and XiangtanCounties and Liling City. The principal tangible material indices affected by thereservoir inundation are as below: 1,165 displaced persons, 68,737 M2 of housingarea; 20,124 mu (1 ha.=15 mu) of farmland, 99.9 mu of forest land, 886 mu of fishponds; 2.4 km of Grade IV highway, 223 drainage culverts and sluices, 246 pumpstations, 17.15 km of transmission lines at 10 kV or more, and 6.2 km oftelecommunications lines.

About 95% of the affected farmlands are within Zhuzhou County and the affectedfarmland at EI.38.5m or higher accounts for 83% of the total affected farmland. Theaffected farmland is relatively concentrated with minor submergence depth. Most ofthe affected farmland may be protected fro inundation by taking appropriatemeasures. About 99.5% of the affected housing are in Zhuzhou County and 62% ofthe affected housing is of brick-concrete structure. Most of the affected housing maybe protected by taking consolidation measures as only the ground floor is affected.

b) Dam area

Due to the dam construction, 385 persons and 21,000m2 of housing have to bedisplaced. 727.5 mu of farmland, of which 577.2mu is paddy field, will be occupiedfor the dam construction.

c) Hengshan dock

The total land area of the Hengshan dock is 26 mu. 58 persons in 13 householdsand 4,121m2 of housing have to be displaced. 19mu of orchards and 2 mu offishponds will be occupied for the wharf construction.

6.1.1.2 Resettlement Plan

a) Reservoir area

Production resettlement channels: the protected farmland area is 17,339mu. Theactual farmland area to be compensated is 2,785mu. The production resettlementpopulation in the target year 2003 is 2,189. In order to achieve comprehensiveresettlement, 1,094.5 mu of paddy field will be adjusted, 363.8mu of fishponds will

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be improved, and 1,825.2mu of fishponds will be newly established.

Resettlement for affected persons: In the planned target year, 1,205 persons will beaffected, of which 925 will be within protected area, 156 will be provided with housingconsolidation or heightening at the ground floor, and 124 will be moved nearby.

Special facilities rehabilitation and protection works: Based on the plan design, 34bridges capable of passing farming machines will be reconstructed, 175 drainageculverts and sluices and 204 pump stations will be improved or extended, 24.2 km ofreservoir shore will be protected, 8.06km of telecommunication lines and 20.3km oftransmission lines at 1 Okv or higher will be reconstructed, and 3.32km of railway sideslopes and 17,339mu of farmland will be protected.

b) Dam area

The 385 displaced persons in the dam area are relatively dispersed. The move-backresettlement option will be employed, and the affected persons will be moved out ofthe construction redline and resettled in different areas.

About 457 persons need production resettlement. It is planned to return 200mu ofconstruction site to paddy field, and to adjust 324 mu of paddy field for vegetableplantation.

c) Hengshan dock

The affected 58 persons in 13 households will be moved backward to resettle in thearea with the elevation above the Hengshan-Xuanzhou highway.

6.1.1.3 Resettlement Compensatory Investment

Calculated based on the 1999 price level, the total resettlement compensatoryinvestment of the Project is 304.4138 million yuan, of which:

a) Reservoir area: Based on the NPL 40.5m scheme, the static investment forthe reservoir inundation handling is 271.6599 million yuan.

b) Dam area: The static investment is 30.6852 million yuan (including 10 millionyuan for the Kongzhou islet).

c) Hengshan dock: The static investment is 2.0687 million yuan.

6.1.1.4 Impact of Land Acquisition and Resettlement on Social Environment

(1) Favorable Impact

(a) To make full use of the superiority in water resource and promote industrial structureadjustment.

In the reservoir area of Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project, crop cultivation prevails in

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agricultural economy, which constitutes 62 per cent of total agricultural output value.Water superiority will be further exploited through resettlement. Therefore, fishery will bewell developed. At that time, the proportion of fishery to total agricultural output value willbe increased.

(b) To enhance the capabilities to cope with natural disasters

A large amount of fund, materials, information and technology will be put in during theresettlement. Therefore power, communication and traffic facilities will be improved.Radical changes will be made for irrigation conditions. Thereby, the capabilities to copewith natural disasters will be greatly enhanced.

(c) To improve the quality of life for relocatees.

Before the reservoir is constructed, 62% of houses are brick-concrete structure and38% of houses are brick- wood or soil-wood structure. After relocatees are settled,quality of their houses and basic facilities will be greatly improved. Besides, they willhave convenient transport facilities.

(d) To raise the productive force of land by properly developing land resource inresettlement area.

Normal storage level of this reservoir is 40.5m. 2785 mu of farmland will beinundated. Thereby, 2189 people will lost their production base on which peopledepend for existence. According to resettlement plan, 1094.5 mu of paddy field willbe adjusted and 363.8 mud of fishpond will be modified. Besides, 1825.2 mu of newfishpond will be constructed. All these will be beneficial to proper development andutilization of land resource and raise the productive force of land.

(2) Adverse Impact

(a) Average farmland area per person is small and back-up farmland resource islimited. Reservoir inundation, resettlement and special facilities construction willoccupy some land. Therefore, contradiction between farmland resource andpopulation size becomes more prominent. In this project, 1094.5 mu of paddy fieldwill be adjusted. Average farmland area per person will be decreased. Relocateeswill be distributed around the reservoir, thus population density will be increasedaround the reservoir and pressure of land resource rises. However, abovecontradiction can be relieved by proper development of land resource.

(b) During resettlement, village migration, house construction and special facilitiesreconstruction will occupy some land and destroy original vegetation. Surface soilwill be peeled and original landform will be changed, which cause soil erosion tosome degrees. However this impact is temporary. As long as proper measures aretaken, soil erosion can be reduced.

(c) Resettlement problem is very sensitive. Some people have to give up originalstable living conditions and rebuild their home village. If resettlement problem is

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improperly solved, it will bring some unstable factors tco the society. Thereby,resettlement plan must be fully implemented.

6.1.2 Impact on Regional Economic Development

(1) Construction of Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project will speed upimplementation of the strategy, namely giving priority to "One point and One Line"economic development.

(2) This project will promote the construction of Zhuzhou City.

(3) After the navigation complex is completed, irrigation conditions will be improvedfor 0.128 million mu of farmland on the both bank of reservoir. Besides, fishery canbe developed. Thereby, construction of this project will provide excellent conditionsfor economic development in reservoir area.

(4) This project is an important pat of Xiangjiang River Basin plan. It is beneficial tofull utilization of water resource in Xiangjiang River.

(5)This project will further raise the comprehensive utilization rate of water resourcein Xiangjiang River.

6.1.3 Impact on Regional Ecological Landscape and Cullural Relic and HistoricSites

(1) Impact on Ecological LandscaDe

Topography of river valley in the dam site is broad. The river runs from south tonorth. There is an islet at the center of river, named "Kongzhou", which divides theriver channel into two branches. ropography is asymmetrical for the two banks ofdam. The left bank consists of low hills and the right bank consists of erosion plain.Ecological landscapes in the reservoir area consist of farmland, forestland, waters,factories and highways etc, where farmland, forestland and waters constitute26.83%, 43.71% and 12.98% res;pectively. After Zhuzhou Navigation Complex isconstructed, natural landscapes will be affected to some degree. A lake will beformed, whose length and total water area are 96 km and 67.2 km2 respectively. Atthat time, the water level will rise and its flow will slow diown. Thereby, originalhydrological situation will be changed for Xiangjiang River waterways. In addition,water will be clear and transparen: and its character in appearance will be improved.However, the shoal scene betweEn Gantian and Kongzhou will disappear. Instead,it is a lake. The climate will be mcre suitable for people to live.

After the project is constructed, buildings will stand at the section of KongzhouIsland. Plant buildings of Power Station will be located on the left bank. 12-holesluice gate and 14-hole sluice hole will be located on the two branches of Kongzhoudam respectively Magnificent humanistic landscape and Kongling Temple on thedown stream of dam site will enhance each other's beauty. In the meantime,Kongzhou Island will be well Flanned and built so as to make the regional

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landscapes be tourist spots.

In a word, the construction of this project will be beneficial to the development ofregional ecological landscapes.

(2) Impact on Cultural Relic and Historic Sites

According to field surveying and investigation, distribution of main cultural relic andhistoric sites within assessed area is shown in Table 6-3

Table 6-3 Distributions of Cultural Relic and Historic Sites

SerialName Location Remarks

No

Kangwang Xiangjiang Road, Province-class protective1 Historic sites, mainly forthe building

Temple Hengshan county of Kangwang Temple

Mao Ze Jian Ziyun Mountain Province-ass historic reservation

Marty Grave Hengshan county spot

It is 32 km away from City-class historic reservation.3 Zhuting Zhu Xi gave lectures here in Song

Zhuzhou county seat Dynasty

Ruin of Jianning GantianTomn,Zhuzhou4 County-class historic reservation

County County

It is bcated in the

5 Kongling Temple Dcwnsteamof dam Province-class historic reservation

and t is 1 km apart

In above cultural relic and historic sites, Kangwang Temple. Jianning county Ruins andZhuting are far away from Xiangjiang River. Mao Ze Jian Marty Grave is about 300maway from Xiangjiang River bank and is located at the end of reservoir. Kongling Templeis located in the downstream of the dam and is about 1 km apart. As viewed from theproject feature, it is a channel-type reservoir. Thereby, construction of project has verylittle impact on above-mentioned cultural relic and historic sites.

Kongling Temple is located on a hill in the downstream of dam. Its elevation is higherthan dyke elevation. Buildings of Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project will not influencethe view on the right bank.

6.2 Impact on Atmospheric Environment

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6.2.1 Impact of Dust during Construction Phase

The main air pollution sources during the construction phase are the mixing stations,truck (carrying earth) haulage and loading and dumping sites. The assessment factor isTSP at this period and the analysis is done by the comparison method.

The concrete used for the construction of a dam is chiefly prepared at the mixingstations. So the dust production is concentrated around the mixing station, normallywithin a radius of 200m regions. The following table lists the monitoring results of thedust production at a mixing station during the period of construction of a highway:

Table 6-4 The monitoring results of dust production at a concrete mixing station

Monitoring I Wind Distance Daily averageMonitoring Wind Distance concentrationobject speed from the mgN m3 Quality standard*

(mIs) station (m)Point one Point two

Concrete 50 3.078 2.849 Second classmixing standard 0.3mg/Nm3station 1.2 100 1.730 1.703

third class standard150 0.599 0.484 0.5mg/Nm m

3

Quality specification for the environment" GB3095-96

From the above table, it is known that TSP in the air at point one surpasses the 2nd classstandard for nearly nine times and surpasses the 3rd class standard five times. Howeverthe TSP at the downwind location 150m away from the station is only two times the 2nd

class standard figure, nearly satisfies the 3rd class standard. Owing to the fact that themixing station is located at a low elevation, the influence area of dust is limited to aregion within 150-200m in radius. Therefore the dust production during the constructionphase will not remarkably affect the people living around the dam provided that themixing station site is appropriately selected.

6.2.2 Impact of Quarrying

Aggregate and stone preparation is done at the Shashanwu quarry at Sanmen town,which is located upstream on the left bank of the river and is 0.5 km away from the damsite. The quarry is specially built for the Project and its quarrying object is chieflylimestone. The limestone layer is 15-20m thick and has a quarrying area of 15000m.Its reserve is estimated to be 220,000-300,000m. The mining condition is good and theaggregate quality is guaranteed. A small number of people live to the northeast andsouthwest of the quarry in a distance of over 500m. a forest of tong trees lies to the westand to the east lies some fishery ponds and farmlands. The quarry is connected with thedam site by a simple road. The primary dust source is the explosion process and itsinfluence scope is limited within 200-300m around the blasting point. The access to theinfluence area of quarrying is strictly restricted. It also doesn't impose a big impact to theregional Air environment

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6.3 Impact on Acoustic Environment

The project noise is classified into two types: construction noise and operation noise.The impact of former on the environment is temporary and the impact of the latter islong-standing. However the noise impact during construction phase is the primaryproblem for this pivot project. There is only some traffic noise from the highway built onthe top of the dam in operation phase, which imposes a little impact on the environment.

6.3.1 Noise Impact during Construction Phase

(1) The noise sources during the construction phase

The noises of the dam construction consist of the machinery noise and the vehicle noise.The former includes those noises caused by both excavating machines such asexcavators, bulldozers and front-end-loaders and in-situ operating machines such asmixers, concrete pumps, cranes, drills and diesel electricity generator sets etc. Thenoise values for some primary machines are listed in the following table:

Table 6.3 The noise values for some primary machines

LmaxSequence Machine name Type Distance (m)

No. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(d B)

1 Rubber-tire loaders ZL401ZL50 5 90

2 Rubber-tire hydraulic excavator W4-60C 5 84

3 Bulldozer T140 5 86

4 Generator set FKV-75 1 98

5 Percussive drill 22 type 1 87

6 Cone mixer JZC350 5 79

7 Concrete paver Fifond3ll 5 82ABCGO

8 Concrete paver VOGELE 5 87

It can be seen from the above table that the noises caused by the machines are too loudto be ignored and their impact on the environment should be taken good care of in theconstruction.

(2) Analysis of the propagation of noise caused by the operating machinery and theirimpact

The noises in construction are all from point sources. The machines are operating inopen air and the noises caused by them are propagating in all directions, whichattenuate with distance. The attenuation law is as follows:

Lr= LS-20 Lg (rs/rr)-A L

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It can be calculated that the noise level reduces to 75dB at a location 30m away from thesource. The bigger the distance, the lower the noise level. It is 60dB when the distancereaches 120m and 55dB when the distance goes beyond 200m. Thus the noise level atlocations 30m away from the operating machines conforms to the daytime standard of"the threshold values of noise at building & construction site" (GB12523-90). At locations200m away it satisfies the night standard. Since the project locates in the countrysideand there are few noise-sensitive points in the region, the noise level is acceptable aslong as due attention is paid to overall layout and working schedule.

6.3.2 Noise Impact during Operation Phase

(1) Analysis of Noise Sources

Upon the completion of the Dam, traffic noises to some extent, which are mainlycomposed of medium & low frequency, random and unstable flowing noises, willarise on the highway on top of the Dam due to the physical use of the highway on topof the Dam. In case of heavy traffic flow, the aftenuation pattern is quite similar to theline-noise source. While in case of low traffic flow, the attenuation pattern is similar tothe point-noise source. From the physical operation of the construction, weunderstand that the highway on top of the Dam is not the major roadway of thisregion. Meanwhile, the traffic flow is generally below 100 units/h as the pavement isdesigned for two-way traffic.

(2) Prediction Pattern

The pattern employed in this project is the Noise Prediction Pattern provided inSpecification of Highway Project Environmental Impact Assessment by the Ministryof Transport.

(3) Analysis of the Prediction Results

According to the above prediction pattern, the calculated results of the noise impactcaused by the traffic on the both side of the highway on top of the Dam are listed asbelow:

ToCIL (m) 15 30 50 100 150

Predicted 60.9 56.1 53.2 50.8 48.9Noise Value

(dB(At)

From the above, it shows that in daytime, the noise value 50m away from thehighway on top of the Dam is in compliance with Standard Class I provided inGB3096-93 Urban Area Noise Environment Standard, therefore the traffic noisearising during the operation phase has little impact on the outer environment.

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6.4 Geological Impact on Engineering Environment

6.4.1 Analysis of the Impact by the Reservoir Leakage

After the storage of water, the water in the reservoir is limited within the waterwaysformed by embankments or bedrock slopes. The bedrocks around the reservoir aremainly impermeable sandstone, shale and mudstone, and some limestone as well.The limestone is mostly developed within the reservoir area and only a small partreaches downstream Lushui on the right bank. The sealing condition of the reservoirbasin is relatively good.

The between-river plate formed by the downstream Lushui is 13.2-22km wide, with aterrain elevation of 44-100m. Except the 1lt class terrace, the bedrock surfaces ofthe bottom seat of all other class terraces are higher than 40.5m. And there arescattered spring wells gushed out along the river between the dam site and theSanmen segment on the right bank. The outcropped locations are usually in theneighborhood of the bedrock roof. The investigation on water wells also shows thatthe underground water level is higher than the normal storage level 40.5m. So thereis no problem of leakage along the Quaternary alluvial layer.

The outcropped Devonian limestone along Sanmen to Lushui is cut by two regionalfaults and extended out of the reservoir. The division ridge elevation is about 1 OOm.the water level of the built Lushui reservoir is 37.5m, lower than the normal storagelevel of this power plant(40.5m). it is calculated that the hydraulic gradient from thedivision ridge to the underground water level of Lushui reservoir is only required tobe equal to or bigger than 0.43% to make the water level at the division ridge reach40.5m. the field investigation shows there are many ponds and small reservoirsalong the line. So the water level of division ridge at the limestone area and faults cutarea is higher than 40.5m after the water storage. There will be no leakage throughbetween-river plate.

The man-made embankment slopes, whose performance depends on the quality ofthe embankment and the geological structure of the foundation base. According tothe preliminary investigation, there is phenomenon of leakage along theembankment base in a flood, which will affect the stability of the embankment.

6.4.2 Analysis of Impact on the Stability of the Embankment Slope

The total length of reservoir slopes is about 186km, among which 83% of the slopesare made of the Quaternary alluvial layer with a terrain elevation of 39.6-46m, andthe rest is of bedrock type.

The 1st category slopes of reservoir, which mainly consist of sandstone, shale andmudstone and limestone, their strike of the strata is perpendicular to or cross withreservoir slopes. The slope angles vary from 35 degrees to 45 degrees. They usuallyform the convex shores and have a high resistance to scour. These kinds of slopesare considered stable except for a weathered landslide at the downstream of Zhaolin

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Wharf. However small slope collapses will happen sometime due to the weatheringaction, it will not affect the normal operation of the reservoir.

The slopes formed by the Quaterrary alluvial layer, chiefly the front of the l't and 2ndclass terraces, have a feature of binary structure, Their upper part are clay, powderclay and powder soil, and the lower part pebble gravel layer. the rock slopes are 6-14m higher than the water surfaice. The slope angles ar,a 20-30 degrees underconstant water level and 45-60 degrees (even near 90 degrees) for the rest. Theslope investigation shows there is phenomenon of landslides at small scales atpresent. So the possibility of landslides of these kinds of slopes exists after thereservoir is in use.

The width of the shore slump at terraces is generally 14-17rn, 15m width is adoptedduring design to calculate the safety distance. The buildings, farmlands andembankments within the 1Sm's width should be moved or protected by takingengineering measures. And those buildings, farmlands and embankments within thelimit of influence should be monitored during the operation of the reservoir andmeasures be taken in case of need.

The flood-banks are located at the front of the lT class terraces along the both sidesof the Xiangjiang River. Their base elevations are normally below 42m, the bank feetare generally 3-40m away from the front of the terraces, and the maximum distancereaches 100m. the bank heights are normally 2-8m and 8-15m for the culvert gatepart. The top width of the banks is 3-5m. the flood banks are built with differentquality. The flood-banks collapsed at quite a few locations in the flood in 1996.

When the reservoir is put into use, the flood-banks are also affected by the shoreslump. So the flood-banks can be classified into the following four categories(equivalent to iii1,iii2,iii3 and iv calegories slope).

III, category banks: their length is about 42.5km, amount to 22.9% of the total slopeof reservoir. Its distance to the front of the terrace is bigger than 30m, the shoreslump has no significant influence on them.

1112 category banks: their length is 29.15km, amount to 15.7%y, of the total slope lengthof the reservoir. Its distance to the terrace front is less than 30m and bigger than I Sm.treatment of these banks depend& on the development of the shore slump rate.

1113 category banks: their length is 26.11km, amount to 14.1% of the total slope lengthof the reservoir. Its distance to the terrace front is less than 1 5m. the shore slump isdirectly affecting the stability and safety of the banks and special measures shouldbe taken.

lv category banks: they are formed by the flood-banks with a length of 2.4km, whichamounts to 1.3%of the total slope length. They are mainly located at the depressionarea and some special parts. They are very tall and appropriate treatment of them issuggested for the sake of their sta bility and prevention of leakage.

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6.4.3 Analysis of the Geological Stability at the Dam Site

The terrain at the Kongzhou dam site is broad and the waterway is straight andsmooth. The left bank is dwarf hills formed by conglomerate and the 1st class riverterrace, and the right bank, 1, 11, and IlIl classes deposited terraces. Their slopes arestable. The bedrock surface and underground water level are higher than the normalstorage level of the reservoir on both banks and there are reliable connectingshoulders for the dam gate. The riverbed has no deep topographic trough andKongzhou island in the middle of river has a layer of powdered soil, fine sands andpebble & gravel conglomerate 6-14m in thickness. The sand & pebble layer onboth the left and right side of the riverbed is 0-3.5m thick. The underlying bedrockson the left are weakly weathered Kdld-2 conglomerate, sandy conglomerate, and thebedrocks on the right are strongly to weakly weathered KdId-2 powdered sandstone,muddy sandstone and powder sandy mudstone. The bedrock surface of the bed isabout 24-28m and there are no faults and weak faces which seriously affect thestability of the dam & plant foundations. The foundations can be laid on the intactrock mass 0.5-2m beneath the weakly weathered rock-top. Treatment of powderedsandy mudstone and muddy powdered sandstone should be carried out whenever itis necessary. In summery, the foundations of the dam & plant and the rocks at thebasement of the ship gate can meet the demands on the bearing strength, the abilityof sliding and leaking resistance after appropriate engineering treatments have beentaken.

The weathering of rocks at the Kongzhou dam site differs at locations. It is found thatthere are at least five fully weathered deep troughs at the downstream area. Thesites chosen for the main structures at this stage have avoided the influence of theabove-mentioned troughs and the axis of the dam is located at a favorable location.

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7. Alternatives Analysis

7.1 Dam Site Alternatives

In the feasibility study of this project, the recommended dam site has beenmoved down 22km from Gantian to Kongzhou.

In order to explain the reasonableness of dam site selection, we will analyze thealternatives from the perspective of environmental protection.

As the distance between Gantian and Kongzhou is only 22 km, so they arelocated in the same environmental region. Therefore their land and aquaticecology, vegetation coverage, water losses and soil erosion etc are very similar.There is no distinct difference in environmental compatibility. Therefore,consideration is mainly given to geology, economic benefits and social benefitsin the selection of dam site. Through the alternatives analysis, we find thatKongzhou dam site is closer to Zhuzhou City and the channelized waterway is22 km longer than Gantian dam site. In addition, installed capacity of generatingsets in Kongzhou is higher than that in Gantian, which will bring about greatereconomic efficiency. Besides, emigrated population number and inundatedfarmland area will be smaller and the geological in Kongzhou is better than thatin Gantian. Either from the perspective of economy or from the perspective ofenvironmental protection, Kongzhou dam site is better than Gantian dam site.Table7-1 shows the analysis results

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Table7-1 Table of Dam Site Altematives

Serial Item Gantian Dam Site Kongzhou Dam SiteNo.

It is 46km away from It is 24km away from Zhuzhou City.1 Location It is close to city urban and load

Zhuzhou City center, which is beneficial to thedevelopment of tourist resources.

Waterway Length of channelized waterways toDayuandu is 74 km. 12 shoals wil be Length of channelized waterways to

2 Distance inundated (total length is 34km) Dayuandu is 74km. 19 shoals will beinundated (total length is 37km).

Improvement

Normal Reservoir41.5 m 40.5 m

Level

Max. Working8.8 m 10.30 m

Head

Installed Capacity 120 MW 140 MW3

Annual Generating4.92 X 108kw * h 6.405 x 1 Oe kw * h

Power

Impact on Power

Energy in 0.66X 108kw * h 0.2X108kw * h

Dayuandu

Inundated area is affected by the Inundated area is affected by thenormal reservoir level. As per normal reservoir level. As per

4 Inundated Area preliminary estimate, 350 pepole preliminary estimate, 124 peopleshall be emigrated and 4000 mu shall be emigrated and 2785 mufarnland shall be inundated. farmland shall be inundated.

Dam foundation is limestone. There Dam foundation is red conglomerate.are karst caves in the limestone. Left bank and right riverbed haveCave-facing rate is 75% when drilling. been exposed. Exposed elevaton of

5 Geology Gravel will be filled in the caves. bedrock is 22-24 m. CoveringCovering thickness of riverbed is 1.2- thickness is 0-6 m. Dam crest6.8 m. elevaton is 40-43 m.

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7.2 Normal Water-storing Level Selection

According to "Regulations about the Trunk Streams of Xiangjiang River" as well asother regulations about adjustment of navigation traffic and reduction of inundatedarea, we propose three normal impounded levels, which are respectively 40.0m,40.5m and 41 .Om. As for their economic indicators, please refer to table 7-3.

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7-2 Technical Index of Normal Water-Storing Level Selection Table

Category Impounded LevelDescription Unit Remarks

40.0 40.5 41.0

Reservoir 100 million m3 4.337 4.743 5.159 Equivalent levelcapacity

Dead level m 38.8 38.8 38.8

Dead storage 100 million m3 3.489 3.489 3.489

Characteristics Regulating 100 million m3 0.848 1.254 1.670capacity

Regulating Regulating on a day-to-dayperformance basis

Installed MW 130 140 150capacity

Firm capacity MW 26.57 29.10 31.20 P=90%

Annual output 100 million kW/h 5.894 6.415 6.933 Output of this plant

Power Utilization hours hr 4534 4582 4622generation Water utilization % 66.06 67.85 69.38

coefficient

Amount of output 100 million 0.190 0.299 0.459of Dayuandu kWhaffected

Net annual 100 million 5.704 6.116 6.474 Deductingtheamountoutput kWh of capacity affected

Population Person 635 1165 1172

Farmland Mu 16056 20124 24336

Including: paddy Mu 15742 19695 23775Inundation fields

Fish pool Mu 671 886 1108

Economic Mu 97.3 99.9 110.2woodland

Total investment 10000yuan 158877 162976 17144 Static investment2

InvestmentIncluding: 10000yuan 21249 26740 34124reservoir

Annual expenses 10000yuan 8407 7929 8120

The above three alternatives are reviewed from the following four aspects: waterwaynavigation, power-generation, inundation and environmental protection.

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(1) Navigation

40.Om water level is not sufficient for the waterway navigation of kilo-ton class shipsat the end of the reservoir section, while 40.5m and 41.Om water level are bothapplicable for the relevant waterway navigation.

(2) Power Generation Capacity

Excluding the impact on the power generation of Dayuandu, the net generationcapacity of the three different water levels known as 40.0m, 40.5m and 41.0m, arerespectively 570 million kwh, 610 million kwh and 647 million kwh. It shows that thenet generation increase of alternative with 41.Orn water level from alternative with40.Om water level is less than the net generation increase of alternative with 40.5mfrom alternative with 40.Om water level. Therefore, according to the generationcapacity and the impact on Dayuandu's generation, 40.5m water level is mostsuitable alternative.

(3) Reservoir Inundation

Regarding the impact of reservoir inundation on population and farm lands, theinundated areas of the three different water levels: 40.0m, 40.5m and 41.0m,demonstrate an increasing trend. From the aspect of reservoir region's control andmanagement, 40.5m will be the most practicable water level.

(4) Environmental Protection

The three alternatives have similar impact on fishes and aquatic lives. As far associal, atmospheric and acoustic environments concerned, the three alternativesshow little difference. However, alternative with 40.Om water level has the leastimpact on water environment, as the reservoir will be most likely in a naturalcondition if the water level is lower.

Based on the joint comparison of the three alternatives, 40.5m will be most idealwater level.

7.3 Alternatives of Carrying out the Project and Not Carrying out the Project

The two alternatives are reviewed from the aspects of society, economy andenvironmental protection. The results are provided in the following table.

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Table 7-3 Comparison of carrying out and not carrying out the project

Compared Items Carrying out the Project Not Carrying out the Project(Alternative I) (Alternative II)

1. Waterway Transportation Xiangtan-Dayuandu waterway Xiangtan-Dayuandu waterwaysection being able to carry a four- section being able to carry only aship kiloton-class pushed-tow four-ship 300-ton-class pushed-fleet, thus upgrading the tow fleet.transportation scale and savingcost.

2. Power Generation Having a general hydro-power Zhuzhou section of Xiangjianggeneration capacity of 1.4 million River having no hydro-power andkw with an annual capacity of short of power supply even it is640.5 million kwh, thus capable of categorized as developedreleasing regional electricity economic area of Hunan Province.demands.

3. Waterway dredging 19 dangerous shoals between 19 dangerous shoals causingKongzhou and Dayuandu section potential hazards to big ships.of Xiangjiang River beinginundated, approximately saving75.22 million RMB used inwaterway dredging

4. Farm Lands Irrigation Water level being raised thus Farm lands on both banks beingirrigating the farm lands of 42,000 irrigated by mechanical pumpingmu and nursery fields of 8,000 mu system with a natural water level.on both banks and saving irrigationcost.

5. Highway Traffic Highway on top of the Dam From east Zhuzhou to Hengyang,connecting provincial highway no direct highway available, trafficNo.1815 and Beijing-Zhuhai having to take a long detour viaExpressway, thus shortening east Xiangtan, thus causing muchZhuzhou to Hengyang section by inconvenience33km and saving highwaytransportation cost.

6. Economic Benefit Hydro-power generation having an No hydro-power generationannual tumout of 305.85 million turnout.RMB with a beneficial perspective.

7. Hydrology Water level of the Dam's upstream In normal hydrology condition.being raised and water surfacebeing widened, thus slowing downthe flowing speed and increasingthe flowing cross section.(1) Hydro-power generation is a

8. Environmental Protection clear energy source and an (1) Fire-power generation prevailsideal substitution for fire-powergeneration with the samescale, which can reduce the (2) Hydrology is in a naturalemission of SO24000tIa and condition, thus good forNO,1700t/a. pollutants diffusing.

(2) Slow water-flowing speed is adisadvantage in diffusing (3) Traffic load is high on thepollutants. highway, thus the two side of

(3) The dock to be constructed will which is largely affected by thedivert the highway cargo noise and vehicles' emission.transportation and reducepollution to the highwaycaused by the noise andvehicles'_emission.

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According to the analysis of the above, it shows that Alternative I is a better choicethan Alternative 11 from all aspects with respect to economy, society andenvironmental protection. Therefore, this Assessment recommends the Alternativeknown as "carrying out the Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project'.

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8. Environmental Impact Analysis of Xiangjiang RiverZhuzhou-Xiangtan Section Waterway Dredging &Expansion ProjectZhuzhou Navigation Complex is proposed to be built at Kongzhou. Therebywaterways from Kongzhou to Dayuandu will become reservoir waterways and itsclass will be changed from V class to III class. The dam site is located at Kongzhou,which is 24 km away from Zhuzhou city. There are four sand-pebble shroals. For thewaterway from Hengyang to Chenglingji (total length is 439 km), except thatwaterway between Zhuzhou and Xiangtan is 60m in width, other waterways are403km in width. Thereby, only two kiloton-class freet can pass through the waterwaybetween Zhuzhou and Xiangtan (the length is 37 km), which will seriously reduce thenavigable capability for the waterway between Henyang and Chenglingji. Thereby,the waterways between Zhuzhou and Xiangtan must be dredged are rectifiedaccording to class III waterway standard.

Dredging and rectification of waterway between Zhuzhou and Xiangtan is taken as apart of Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project.

8.1 Regional Environment

8.1.1 Natural Environment

Zhuzhou and Xiangtan are located in the downstream of Xiangjiang River. Waterwaybetween Zhuzhou and Xiangtan is 37 km in length. On the both banks of this riversegment, there are hills and terrace. Beside, there are flood embankments at lowplaces. River width is 500-1000m during flood period and 300-700m during droughtperiod. Usually, flow velocity is 0.45-1.08 mls during drought period. Juan River andLian River are converged to Xiangjiang River in this segment. Take Xiangtan asexample, annual average runoff rate is 63.3 billion m3.

8.1.2 Characteristic of River-bed Evolution and General

Situation of Shoal

For the river segment between Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, the channel is winding justlike an "S", Shoals prevail in shallow segments. River bed mainly consists of pebbles,thus it is stable. However, river bed is unstable for the river segment between Yisuheand Xiangtan due to the convergence of Lian River and Juan River.

There are 8 shoals within the river segment between Zhuzhou and Xiangtan.According to the plane shape, those shoals are divided into channel shoal, estuarineshoal, transitional shoal and random shoal, in which channel shoals prevail. Thereare five channel shoals. If it is classified as per bed material, pebble shoals prevail.However, some ledge rocks are found at Xiangjiatang, Xianghekou etc.

8.2 Waterway Dredging & Expansion Project

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(1) The purpose of this project is to expand the channel width from 60m to 90m.Principle of channel dredging and rectification is shown as below: Take originalscheme as base and make a full maintenance for original project.

(2) This project is to rectify, expand and newly build the channel (waterway )on thebasis of the completed kiloton-class channel (width is 60m).

(3) Work Amount and Investment

270350 m3 of waterway will be dredged for the waterway between Zhuzhou andXiangtan. 44700 m3 of stone dam will be constructed. 4000m3 of rock will be blastedand 5100 m3 of bank revement will be constructed.

Total investment in this project is 14.5822 million RMB.

8.3 Survey and Assessment on Present Water Environment for XiangjiangRiver Zhuzhou-Xiangtan

(1) Present Situation of Water Quality in Zhuzhou Segment

Concentrations of N-NH3 petroleum and mercury are above standard values atXiawan section either in drought period or in normal period. Maimum surpassingtime of N-NH3 is 10 (in normal period), of petroleum is 1.5 (in drought period) and Hgis about 9(in drought period). Only petroleum concentration is above standard valueat Baishi section and its maximum surpassing time is 1. Pollution at Xiawan sectionis more serious than that at Baishi section because Xiawan section is polluted by thewastewater discharged from Xiawan Port.

(2) Present Situation of Water Quality in Xiangtan Segment

According to the historical monitoring information, water in this segment is polluted tosome degree either in drought period or in normal period. Main pollution factors suchas petroleum N-NH3 Hg and Cd etc are above the standard values. Their surpassingrates range 25-75%.

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Table 8.1 the Routine Monitoring Data o Zhuzhou River Section in 19!38 (unit: mg/l)

Period Section PH SS Cc1DM. NH,-N petroleum Cd Pb Hg

Low water Baishi 7.7 24.8 1.74 0.0028 0.096 0.0008 0.007 0.00002level

Xiawan 8.3 45.4 2.15 0.0572 0.125 0.0014 0.012 0.00103

Normal Baishi 7.9 2.81 1.91 0.0157 0.038 0.0008 0.0024 0.00002level

Xiawan 8.4 4.5 2.12 0.229 0.061 0.0032 0.0070 0.00031

3r class standard 6.5-8.5 50 6 0.02 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001

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Table 8.2 The Routine Monitoring Data of Xiangtan River Section in 1999

Period Sections Items PH SS 00 CODm, BODs Petroleu Phenol CN NHJ-N Hg Cd Pb As Cu Cr16m

Average 8.02 15.9 9.5 3.37 3.54 0.03 0.001 0.002 1.83 6.5x 0.0034 0.006 0.016 0.016 0.002

Majiaohe (gI)1

Surpassing 33.3 75.0 26.0

Low Water rate (%)

Average 7.80 8.6 7.0 3.35 1.91 0.04 0.002 0.002 0.77 6.5x 0.0014 0.006 0.026 0.004 0.002

Wuxing ~(mg/L) 10-4

Surpassing 33.3 75.0rate()

Average 7.96 66 9.6 2.14 0.91 0.06 0.01 0.002 0.26 6.5x 0.0048 0.004 0.021 0.004 0.002

Majiaohe (mg/L) 10-5

Surpass ng 66.7 25.0 25.0 25.0

Normal LevelAverage 8.02 40 6.8 2.33 0.50 0.10 0.001 0.002 0.05 0.0001 0.0034 0.006 0.011 0.003 0.002

Wuxing (mg/L)

Surpassing 33.3 25.0 25.0rate (%)

GhZB1-1999111 Class standard 6.5-8 150 5 8 4 0.05 0.005 0.2 0.5 0.0001 0.005 0.05 0.05 1.0 0.05.5

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(3) Present Situation of Bottom Sludge in River Segment Between Zhuzhou andXiangtan

Table 8-3 shows the monitoring results for the bottom sludge in river segmentbetween Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. The bottom sludge is monitored in December 1999,sampled, naturally dried and oven-dried for analysis: the control specifications ofcontaminants for Agricultural sludge (GB4284-84) is taken as the standard for theassessment. Compared with the standard values, such items as Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Znin the bottom sludge at the Xiawang section are above the assessment standards for0.86 times, 15times, 3.88 times 0.0011times and 1.06times respectively. And theheavy metals in the bottom sludge in the rest sections do not surpass the standardfigures.

Table 8-3 Monitoring Results for Bottom Sludge in River Segment Between Zhuhou andXiangtan

(Unit:mg/kg)

ItemHg Cd As Pb Cu Zn

Section

Xiawan, Zhuzhou 28.00 321.00 366.00 1001.5 445.80 2066.8

Majiahe 0.47 2.50 36.55 113.50

Xiangtan Waterworks 1.02 4.50 55.62 33.50

Xiangtan Wuxing Section 1 .50 8.00 24.89 512.00 56.00 197.00

Xiangtan Third Waterworks 1.50 6.00 37.81 150.00 32.00 380.00

Assessment Standards 15 20 75 1000 500 1000

8.4 Environmental Impact Analysis of Waterway Dredging & Expansion Project

8.4.1 Impact on Pollutant-Receiving Capability of River

Pollutant-receiving capability of river is related to the capabilities of dilution,dispersion and purification of water body. However capabilities of dilution, dispersionand purification are limited to some factors such as hydrology and rivercharacteristics.

For waterway Dredging & Extension Project, the waterway width will be expandedfrom 60m to 90m. Some engineering measures will be taken, such as dredging, reefblast and dam construction etc. After waterway dredging project is completed, theslope of shoal segment will increase and the river bed will be broadened during

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drought period. However, this will not greatly affect the rugosity of riverbed. Theresult is that water flow velocity will become faster during drought period. Accordingto the empirical formula for water quality diffusion parameter and the water qualitypredication model, waterway dredging and extension will directly cause the increaseof river's diffusivity. In the meantime, river's pollutant-receiving capability will beincreased.

8.4.2 Impact on Aquatic Organisms

Xiangjiang River basin is located within subtropical region with plentiful rainfall andwater as well as suitable water temperature. Thereby there are many kinds ofaquatic organisms. In the meantime, it provides good conditions for fish spawningand aquatic organisms reproduction and growth.

This project may have liftle adverse impact on the living environment of aquaticorganisms in partial waters during the construction period. However, this project willmainly change the shape of riverbed. No new pollution source will be produced andfish migration passageway will not be cut off. Therefore, waterway dredging andextension will nearly have no impact on aquatic organisms.

8.4.3 Impact on Water Quality of Water Body

(1) Impact on Common water Body

Channel dredging and excavation will disturb the sludge deposits in water body,which will make water temporarily muddy. Construction boats and machinery willalso discharge oils and other pollutants into water body during work andmaintenance. Domestic rubbish domestic sewage and dung for constructors will bedischarged into water. Thereby, if it is not properly managed, water body will bepolluted to some degree. However, because the construction site is dispersed in theriver channel with its length of 37km and work is not concentrated at a fixed time, itwill not greatly affect the water quality of water body, on the other hand, theconstructors are dispersed, thus domestic sewage discharge will have very fewimpact on water body. Furthermore, the impact is temporary and recoverable.

(2) Impact on Water Quality in Sanitary Zone for Drinking Water Source

There are eight shoals in the river segment from Zhuzhou to Xiangtan. Sever waterintakes for waterworks are involved within the assessment area. Except that waterintakes for Zhuzhou First Waterworks and Zhuzhou Second Waterworks are locatedin the upstream of TongLuo Shoal, other five water intakes are located within therange of this Waterway Dredging Project. According to the present situation andassessment on regional water environment, water quality at each water intake will bepolluted by petroleum N-NH3 and COD to some degree. Thereby, water qualitysafety in sanitary zone for drinking water source must be attached importance toduring the construction of Waterway Dredging & Extension Project. If you are

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careless just a little, water quality in sanitary zone for drinking water source will beaffected due to the discharge of oily pollutants and domestic sewage.

For that reason, effective measures must be taken to protect the drinking watersource. Water source monitoring work must be well done during construction. If anypollution to water quality is found, suitable measures must be taken immediately.

(3) Impact of secondary Pollution of Heavy Metals in Bottom Sludge on WaterQuality of Water Body

According to the present situation of bottom sludge pollution in the assessment areaof this project, except for Xiawan section, no surpassing heavy metal content isfound in the bottom sludge. As it is surrounded by alkaline water, the heavy metalcontent is relatively stable in the bottom sludge with a low solubility, only a very littleamount of the heavy metal content was left over in the bottom sludge and hadcertain impact on the water quality by causing suspending substance. As theaqueous phase cf this section shows pH>7, the water is categorized as micro-alklibody. The heavy metals contained in the bottom sludge is in a stable condition, thepossibility of heavy metal dissolution due to bottomr sludge re-suspension is verysmall,

Although the heavy metals content in the bottom sludge of Xiawan Section isexcessive, the dredging project does not include Xiawan Section, therefore, littleheavy metals contained in bottom sludge will arise, thus causing secondarysuspensions and affecting the water quality.

8.4.4 Impact of Spoil on Environment

The riverbeds to be dredged are divided into sand & pebble riverbed and silt riverbed.According to the monitoring results, the heavy metals content in sand & pebbleriverbed is comparatively low, the sand arid pebbles dredged out can be disposedinto Dam D field. basically, no secondary pollution is anticipated. In order to avoidsecondary pollution, the silt dredged out shall be transported to the banks withproper post-treatrnent.

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9. Environmental Impact Analysis of Hengshan Kilo-

tonnage Dock Project

9.1 General Project Information

Hengshan port is located on Xiangjiang River reach between Hengdong county andHengshan county and water way and inland transportation are well developed.Transport industry is featured by local mineral transportation, especially suchnonmetallic mineral as plaster, porcelain clay, albite, potash spar etc. Inconsideration of the navigable capacity of Xiangjiang River, the throughput isdesigned to be 18x 104 t as per universal dock. One kiloton-class berth will be built.Dock type is of general cargo dock. The highest water line is designed to be 52.26m(for 20-year encountered flood, the same elevation as Huanghai, similarlyhereinafter) and the lowest 38.80m (the dead water level of Zhuzhou NavigationComplex). Total investment for this program is 16.85 million RMB.

Table 9-1 Throughput of Hengshan Port (in 2005)

serial Cargo Throughput in whole Throughput of kilo-tonnage

No Region(104 t/a)dock (104Uta)

Total In out Total In out

1 Total 54.65 19.80 18.00 2.2 15.80

2 Non-metallic mineral 19.00 19.00 15.00 15.00

Plaster 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00

Of which Porcelain day 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.00

Albite 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00

3 Cement 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35

Construction4 32.65 32.65

Material

5 Grain 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

6 Other 1.85 1.05 0.80 2.45 1.65 0.80

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9.2 Survey of Present Regional Environment at Hengshan Kilo-tonnage DockSite

This kilo-tonnage dock will be on the lower reach, around 8km away from Dayuandudam and the port zone on the lower reach, around 550m away from water intake forHengshan Waterworks. To confirm the existing water quality, a monitoring cross-section was selected at upstream, around 100m away from the water intake. Suchten monitoring factors as PH, SS. Do, petroleum etc. are included in our monitoringfrom Dec. 4 to 6,1999 (totally three days). The result shows, except petroleum andtotal phosphorus, other pollutants did not exceed limits. Petroleum on its peak is 4times exceeding limits, with exceeding rate of 33%, which means this river reach hasbeen polluted by petroleum contaminant that mainly come from transport ships. Thus,petroleum contaminant is one of the most selective control factors for pollutionprevention. Total phosphorus on its peak is 0.87 times exceeding limits, withexceeding rate of 66%. (Refer to Monitoring Results Table 3-5 of PresentEnvironmental Description for S3 Cross Section Monitoring Data.)

9.3 Impact Analysis of Hengshan Dock Construction

9.3.1. Impact on Flood Discharge

The proposed construction place for the Dock faces a 600m wide Xiangjiang Riverreach. Under the highest historical water level, flood-relief section area is about7500 m2. The head of the Dock extends about 28m from the boundary line of riverbank, with water-tight area 210 m2 , occupied only 2.8% of total flood-relief area,comparing with Xiangjiang River Large Bridge on the lower reach, it has a pierswater-tight area 600 m2 . Since completion of the Bridge, Hengshan reach ofXiangjiang river has stood up flood tests for years. In contrast, Hengshan Dockconstruction program has much smaller water-tight area. To this understanding,we can predicate that construction of this project will not markedly impact flooddischarge.

9.3.2 Impact of Oily Sewage on Water Body

a) Usually, oily sewage from berthed vessels is not allowed to be freelydischarged into water body except that it has been treated and up to the effluentstandard. The effluent concentration of oily sewage after treatment is 10 mg/L. Ifwe count sewage discharge according to 2t per day, discharge intensity ofpetroleum pollutants will be only 20g/d, impacting the water body very little.

b) If oily sewage would be allowed to be freely discharged into water body withouttreatment, we can calculate sewage discharge as follows: according to twoberthed vessels per day, lt oily sewage for each vessel, there come to be 3% ofoily concentration according to our experience. In case of continuous blowdown,discharge intensity will reach to 694 mg/s, namely 60kg/d, well above that of

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sewage after treatment.

When oily sewage is discharged into water body, it will firstly appear like oil filmfloating over the water surface. If the thickness of oil film will be 0.1mm, itsfloating area will be 750 m2 and radius around 15m. Under normal situations,these floating oils will not impact the water intake 550m away from it on upperreach. Normally, intake heading is arranged more than 2m below water surface,so the floating oil film will not greatly impact water quality.

To sum up all above mentioned, oily sewage impacts very little on the quality ofdrinking water for Hengshan county.

9.3.3 Environmental Risk Analysis of Hengshan Dock Project

From engineering analysis, we can draw a conclusion that under normalconditions, construction of Hengshan Kilo-tonnage Dock will not unfavorablyir.pact water environment in a big way. Hereby we will analyze the impact fromthe view of leakage risk.

a). Judge from goods varieties, kilo-tonnage dock normally does not undertaketransportation duties for poisonous or dangerous goods while in majority, fornonmetal ore, cement, porcelain clay, albite, grain etc., which will not causeserious water pollution even accident leakage would happen.

b). In case of transportation for such harmful substances as fertilizer, pesticide,etc., influence on the environment caused by accidental leakage in accident isestimated as follows: In case a fertilizer leakage occurs, the nature of the accidentis equivalent to an saturated poVlution scurce discharging. Take ammoniumbicarbonate as example, concentration of ammonium bicarbonate can be 270000mg/L at the sinking spot. Pollutants wiil diffuse into the surrounding water area.However, since the dock located at the end of the reservoir and water flowvelocity can be 0.2 m/s even in drought period, pollutants will not diffuse to theprotective sanitary zone for drinking water source in the upper reach of the Dock.It mainly affects the lower river reach of the Dock. Nevertheless, the dock districtis only 550m away from dr,nking water intake. Once the accidental leakage wouldhappen near the intake at the upper river reach of the Dock, water quality will beseriously polluted. Thereby, as viewed from accident risk, this dock is unsuitableto transport the poisonous or dangerous goods, which may cause seriouspollution to water body. To exam this problem from the angle of leakage risk, thesite selection for the dock shall not be suitable for transportation of such potentialserious pollutants as fertilizers, pesticides etc.

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9.4 Public Opinion Survey on Hengshan Kilo-tonnage Dock Project.

For caution's sake, we made a survey on Hengshan Kilo-tonnage Dock Projectthrough special public opinion and survey.

a. Survey location: Jinfeng Village at Hengshan County;

b. Survey date: End of July, 1999 (Outline of EIA preparation period);

C. Survey method: Handing out 31 survey questionnaires, recovering 31;

d. Survey object: 12 people at the kiloton-class dock land acquisition area, 4representatives of the National People's Congress, 5government staff, 2 environmental protection unit's staffand 9 civilians from Jinfeng Village;

e. Public opinion results:

(1) 97% in favor of the construction of kiloton-class dock;

(2) 67% for the construction site decision, while 33% against;

(3) 100% thinking that the construction of the dock will cause adverse impacts onthe environment and necessary measures should be taken in order tominimize the impacts.

The arguments of people holding a negative attitude against the site decision ofHengshan kiloton-class dock are listed as below:

The kilo-tonnage dock is located at the lower reach, 550m away from water intakeof Hengshan Waterworks. Objectors consider the distance is too near as for thedrinking water. Oily sewage (discharged by vessels) and leakage in accident willimpact or pollute quality of water at the intake. Some informants suggested thatthe site selection should be taken great care.

Aiming at the public concern, we propose to take the following measures duringthe design and operational phases: no heavy pollutants shall be transported;location of dock shall be chosen as far away as possible from drinking-waterintake; oily sewage shall be discharged after treatment up to qualified standard.

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10. Public Consultation

Xiangjiang River Zhuzhou Navigation & Power Complex is a comprehensivenavigation & power complex developing project funded by the World Bank, with animpacted area of two cities and five counties. In accordance with the spirit ofNotification on Reinforcing Environmental Impact Assessment Administrationover International Financial Organizations Funded Construction Projectsreference No. EM[1993]324 issued by the National Environment Protection Bureau(NEPB) and the standards set forth for environmental assessments of projectsfinanced by the World Bank, we conducted two public opinion surveys during thepreparations of Environmental Assessment Outline and the Report in diversifiedforms to collect public opinions on the proposed construction site selection from allcircles and levels.

10.1 First Public Consultation

a. Survey date: End of July 1999 (Outline of EIA preparation period);

b. Survey location: Cities and counties along the reservoir area includingZhuzhou city, Zhuzhou county, Hengshan county,Hengdong county, Xiangtan county etc.;

c. Survey method: Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Institute andZhouzhu & Hengyang Municipal Monitoring Stations jointlyhanding out 180 survey questionnaires, recovering 149;

d. Survey object: 30 residents at the vicinity of the dock site, 50 residentsalong the river banks, 30 representatives from NationalPeople's Congress and the Chinese People's PoliticalConsultative Conference, 10 staff from environmentalprotection units and 29 staff from governmental sectors;

e. Survey results: Table 10-1 is the public survey opinion results.

Table 10-1 Public Opinion

Age 20-30 30-50 50-70 Over 70

13% at 20 51% at 76 28% at 44 9% at 9

Occupation Cadre Farmer Worker Teacher

33 (22%) 108 (72%) 7 (5%) 1 (0.7%)

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Education College Senior High Junior High OthersSchool School

20 (13%) 40 (26%) 27 (18%) 62 (43%)

Opinion on the For Against AmbiguousReservoir

Project 126 (85%) 7 (5%) 16 (10%)

Opinion on land Obey Disobey Conditionallyacquisition and obeyresettlement

75 (50%) 6 (4%) 68 (46%)

Beneficiary of Country Collectives Individualthe reservoir

project 122 (82%) 84 (56%) 81 (54%)

Most serious Noise Ecocide Water Pollution Fish Reductionenvironmental

pollution to 36 (24%) 57 (38%) 59 (40%) 25 (17%)people

Proposed Plantation Fish fry Reinforcing the Othersmeasures to Cultivation dikes and damsminimize the

impacts 54 (36%) 34 (23%) 68 (46%) 12 (89%)

10.2 Second Public Consultation

a. Survey date: Upon the completion of EIA draft in July of 2000, thepreliminary results being released to the public in reservoirarea for opinions;

b. Survey location: As the most affected people living in reservoir area, themajor survey locations including Panshi Town, SanmenTown, Zhouping Village and Gantian Town in ZhuzhouCounty;

c. Survey method: Public consultation meetings being held four times withrespect to ZNCP;

d. Survey object: The to-be-affected public of this project (local villagers)being asked to provide their opinions and suggestions onthe environmental protection in this project, 30 peoplefrom Zhouping Village (meeting held on July 18, 2000), 28people from Sanmen Town (meeting held on July 20,2000), 22 people from Panshi Town (meeting held on July21, 2000), 20 people from Gantian Town (meeting held on

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July 22, 2000)

e. Survey results: The attendees of the four meetings totaling 100, most ofwhich in favor of this project and also giving out a varietyof opinions and suggestions.

Positive opinions are based on the following reasons:

(1) The project will be beneficial to promoting the regional economicdevelopment, expediting the urbanization proceedings and speeding up thedevelopment of tertiary industry as well as the adjustment of industrialstructures in reservoir area.

(2) This project construction will upgrade Xiangjiang River navigation waterway.Besides and be beneficial to the development of waterway transport. At thesame time, dam-crest highway will connect 107 National Highway on the eastbank with Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway on the west bank and bring conveniencefor highway transport.

Negative opinions are based on the following reasons:

In their opinions, after the dam is constructed, water flow velocity will slow downwithin the reservoir area and the natural degradation capability will also beweakened, which will be adverse to dilution and diffusion of the pollutants.Besides, they showed great concern for the water quality in reservoir area,especially the water quality of drinking water source in reservoir area (such asdrinking water intake for Hengshan county).

Public suggestions and requirements:

(1) The project is expected to be constructed, operated and profitable as soon aspossible.

(2) In view of cultivatable land is rare in the construction area, mitigationmeasures must be taken to reduce inundation on farmland and the number of theresettled as much as possible.

(3) Environmental protection shall be sufficiently implemented during the courseof construction to minimize ecocide and environmental pollution.

(4) This project may cause the reduction of fishes in Xiangjiang River,compensation given according to the policy or remedies to be taken aresuggested.

(5) Along with construction of the project, land acquisition shall be well settled byunified planning with due consideration for all concerned. Full the amount ofcompensation shall be given to the resettled according to the policy so that

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farmers can survive their land acquisition.

(6) Dam-crest highway is an important link between eastern and western regionaltransport, vehicle flow is great. Since the current design for (9m wide with two-lane) is too narrow and can not meet the demands of transport in rapiddevelopment. The Government an the Owner are suggested to widen the dam-crest highway up to four-lane.

Prior to the finial completion of the Environmental Impact Statement, the abovepublic opinions have been carefully reviewed and referred to in the major chaptersand environmental protection programs.

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11. Environment Management Plan

11.1 Environmental Protection Measures for Zhuzhou Navigation ComplexProject

According to the nature of the project and the analysis of environmental impactsregarding Zhuzhou Complex, upon the completion, the Complex will mainly havefavorable impacts on the surrounding environment. However, unavoidably, it willcause certain adverse impacts on the environment during it's construction andoperation phases. These adverse impacts could be avoided or remedied by takingremedial or technical measures, thus bringing the Complex into full play to createeconomic, social and environmental benefits and minimize the adverse impacts.

11.1.1 Design Phase

Environmental protection measures that will be taken during design phase of thisproject are provided as below:

1 ) Flood Prevention in the Reservoir Area

Select correctly the site of the dam, the type of the dam, the style of flooddischarge, the width of overflow edge and the normal storage level so as toreduce the loss of inundation and avoid influencing flood prevention in reservoirarea.

In order to reduce the inundated area and not to influence the flood protection inthe reservoir area, general layout and normal storage level has been carefullystudied and demonstrated during project design. Overflow leading edge hasbeen widened. Height of bed sill for overflow gate is lowered as far as possible(near original riverbed elevation). Therefore, a low and open gate dam isformed. During flood discharge, Flow State of flood will approach the Flow Stateof natural water. Normal storage level of the reservoir is 40.5m. Water level inthe upstream of the dam will be limited within the flood banks.

2) Embankment Protection

During design phase, geological survey is required for the embankmentprotection in order to confirm the locations of embankment with potential hazardof permeation, which shall be treated accordingly.

As the water level rises, the water surface becomes wider and the embankmentis immersed in water longer and is exposed to greater influence of the wavesand water erosion. In the design, measures like laying stones, building slopesand growing grass are taken to harden some soft and cragged banks.

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3) Water Discharge Facilities

In the design, the inundated water discharge sluice, flood discharge channelsand electrical drainage facilitie!s will be renovated and improved before water isfilled into the reservoir.

4) Field Protection:

Before water is filled into the reservoir, flood discharge channels will be built orrenovated, new electrical pumping station built and various plans improved. Thefollow-up supportive work will be seen to.

5) Ecological Protection

Efforts will be strengthened in afforestation in the reservoir area to increase thearea of vegetation coverage a nd prevent the loss of water and soil and promoteecological agriculture.

6) Preservation of Cultural Relics

In the phase of designing, the department of relic preservation will make aninvestigation in the would-be inundated area. If such dangers are detected,measures should be taken imrnediately at the designing stage.

7) Protection of the Species of Fish

On the basis of the Dayuanidu breeding program, tihe number of fish fryreleasing locations and times wvill be increased.

11.1.2 Construction Phase

1) Dust Control

a) Concrete mixing plant and cement piling area should be located leeward. Besides,there must be no residential area in the neighborhood within 300m.

b) Roads with heavy traffic shall be watered regularly to control dust.

c) Construction machinery must slciw down on the roads where dust can raise easily.

2) Preventive Measures for Wastewater in Construction Site

a) Living quarters for constructors must be dispersed so as to reduce the centralwastewater discharge.

b) The site living sewage will be processed at the septic tanks first and thendischarged to embedded sewage processors for final emission in compliance withthe standards. The concrete residue-flushing water from the concrete system will be

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settled at the settlement tanks for recycling, none of which be discharged out.

c) Machine repairing yard must be located at the downstream of construction site.Oil-water separator should be installed in the machine repairing workshop. Oilywastewater shall be discharged after treatment.

3) Preventive Measures for Noise Control in Construction Phase.

a) Noise produced by construction machinery.

Noise mainly has an impact on the constructors. Work schedule should be properlyarranged for the constructors during construction. High noise-contact time should beshortened as far possible. Besides, living quarters for constructors must be far awayfrom high noise work-site as far as possible.

b) Construction machinery must be rationally selected.

Low noise equipment should be used as far as possible. Preventive maintenanceshould be often made for the construction machinery during construction so as toavoid the noise increase due to equipment performance drop. Noise insulation andelimination measures should be taken for the generators. Besides, the generatorsmust be far away from dense-population area.

c) For the construction machinery whose noise level is above 9OdB(A), for example,pilling machine, pneumatic hammer and rock drill etc, work schedule should beproperly arranged, besides, night construction should be reduced as far as possible.

d) Blast should be performed during daytime. And no blasting is operated from 18:00to 7:00 (next morning).

4) Processing measures for residue

a) Site living garbage shall be jointly transported to garbage processing stationat Zhuzhou for disposal.

b) Construction waste soil and stones can be transported to and stockpiled atthe nearest residue-disposal site. 3 special waste soil stockpiling sites with atotal area of 477,900 m2 will be constructed at the both banks of the Damsite.

5) Farm land protection measures

ZNCP will inundate farm land of 20,142 mu at the reservoir area, 17,339 mu of whichcould be protected by taking the following proper protection measures: (refer to theReservoir Re-building & Protecting Project Plan Special Report for details)

(1) To construct drainage channel: the ponding water in farm fields will be drained to

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the river at the Dam's downstream through drainage channel;

(2) To raise the farm land: farm fields will be raised to over 41.0m; (practical for theareas with low water level discrepancy between outer and inner banks or theareas with great permeability)

(3) To drain out ponding water: Ponding water inside the farm fields will be forcedlydrained out with pumps; (practical for areas with high water level discrepancybetween outer and inner banks or the areas with low permeability)

The major protection measures for farm land are listed as below:

Major Protection Measures for Farm Land at Reservoir Area

Protection Location To-be-Inundated area (mu) Protection Method Protection Area (mu)

1. Sanmen Town 5,973 Drainage channel 5,358& raising

2. Longchuan Port 1,385 Raising & draining 1,290

3. Zhuting Town 2,066 Raising & draining 1,634

4. Gantian Village 1,872 Raising & draining 1,619

5. Zhaoling Village 2,220 Raising & draining 2,095

a) Farmland Protection in Sanmen Town

Usually, 5973 mu farmlands will be inundated. Because the elevation of thesefarmlands is low, it is unsuitable to use earth-filling method to solve this problem.Thereby, other engineering measures shall be taken. According to the geographiclocation and topography of the inundated farmlands, two sluices (They are originallyused to discharge water into Xiangjiang River) are closed. Discharge canal will bebuilt for shoaly land at Jiapochong to discharge water from shoaly land intoSanmenhe. then Sanmen discharge canal will be built to discharge water fromSanmen Intake Area to Xiangjiang River. A new large- scale drainage sluice will bebuilt at the outlet of Sanmen discharge canal. Finally, 5358 mu of farmland will beprotected.

b) Farmland Protection in Longchuangang

Longchuangang is about 21 km away from the dam site. 1385 mu of farmlands will beinundated under normal water storage level. Elevation of most of inundated farmlandis above 38.5m and elevation of other inundated farmland is below 38.5m. Accordingto our comparison, the improvement alternative integrating earth-filling with drainageis feasible. Firstly fill the farmland whose elevation is between 38.5 and 41.Om with

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earth until its elevation becomes 41.0m.Then properly recover original road, bridgeand irrigation & drainage network. Besides, straighten original channels and ditches.Finally, flood is collected at the channel and discharged into Xiangjinag Riverthrough Longchuangang sluice.

After above measures are taken, 1290 mu of farmland will be protected. also,cultivation water surface area will be increased by 225mu.

(c) Farmland Protection in Zhuting

Zhutinggang stream is a first-Class branch of Xiangjiang River and is 38 km awayfrom the dam site. According to geographic location and topography of the inundatedfarmland, the alternative integrating elevation will drainage will be used. Drainagemethod is used for most of inundated farmland within original subdam. Otherfarmland will be elevated to reach the design elevation by filling earth. After that,1634 mu of farmland will be protected. Besides. cultivation area of water surface willbe increased by 386 mu.

(d) Farmland Protection in Gantian

Gantian stream is located on the right bank of Xiangjiang River and is about 19 kmaway from the dam site. 1872 mu of farmland will be inundated under normal waterstorage level.

Gantian stream has intact dams. Inundated farmlands are mainly located on the leftbank of Gantian stream. thereby, the alternative integrating elevation (by filling earth)with drainage will be adopted. A flood-relief canal will be built outside the farmlandprotection zone on the left bank of Gantian stream. it is used to discharge thetorrential flood. Besides, a pump station and a drainage ditch will be build inside thefarmland protection zone. They are used to discharge the flood and water. Originaldam will be reinforced. Farmland on the right bank of Gantian stream will be elevatedby filling earth.

After above measures are taken, 1619 mu of farmland will be protected.

e) Farmland Protection in Zhaoling

Zhaoling stream is located on the right bank of Xiangjiang River and is about 12kmaway from the dam site. 2220 mu of farmlands will be inundated under normal waterstorage level. Two countries, two towns and five villages are involved.

Farmlands in Zhaoling have had subdams with strong protection function. Thereby,for the farmland with good drainage condition, flood-relief canals will be built outsidethe farmland protection zone to discharge the torrential flood in the protection zone.Besides, a pump station and ditches will be built inside the farmland protection zone,thus flood and water can be discharged through the purnp station and ditches. For

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the farmlands without subdam and with high elevation, they will be elevated by fillingearth.

After above measures are taken, 2095 mu of farmlands will be protected. Besides,cultivation area of water surface will be increased by 300 mu.

Effective measures should be taken for other farmlands except above-mentionedcentral farmlands so as to minimize the inundated farmland area.

6) Bank Protection

After Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project is put into operation, river level in floodperiod is the same as that before the reservoir is built on the whole. However, mostof the year, river level under normal water storage of the reservoir is higher thannatural river level before the reservoir is built. Therefore, impact of river level rise onreservoir band must be considered.

According to our site survey and the feasibility study report of this project, there aretwo kinds of reservoir banks on the upstream of dam, namely, hilly reservoir bankand terrace bank. Hilly bank is mainly composed of shale, slate and limestone. Bankslope usually appears in the form of convex bank at the river-bad bank. It usually hasstrong anti-erosion capability. Water storage of reservoir nearly has no impact on thestability of bank slope. Small-scale landslide may happen for partial slope due to theimpact of topography, however, it will not influence the normal running of thereservoir. Thereby bank slopes of this kind do not need protection. Terrace bank ismainly composed of 4th loose accumulation layer, mainly I and II-stage terrace.Terrace elevation is 39.00-46.00m, which has the characteristic of binary structure.Because slope of this kind is composed of loose soil and the bank is soaked by thewater all the year round, mechanics indexes of slope soil mass falls. Thereby, thepossibility of bank landslide rises. Especially the reservoirs banks with dam andresidential area, it will imperil the safety of the dam and residential area. This kind ofreservoir bank needs protection. Slope-type bank revetment or wall-type bankrevetment can be used.

For the reservoir bank with wide terrace and gentle slope, slope-type bank revetmentshould be used. Original bank slope should be trimmed according to the specificslope ratio of 1:2 The slope should be leveled, then the revetment and banquette,Precast concrete should be used for the slope and grouted stone should be used forbanquette. Besides, the dam body should be reinforced.

For the reservoir bank with steep slope, wall-type bank revetment should be used.Slope should be renovated at first, then the revetment. Precast concrete should beused for the slope. A retaining wall should be built at the bottom of revetment. Itshould be connected with the revetment. Grouted stone shall be used for theretaining wall.

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7) Inundation and Seepage Control Measures

a. To protect reservoir banks from seeping or collapsing owing to saturation byrock-laying and planting at abrupt and soft & loose banks;

b. To build flood discharging channels in the farm fields within the banks beforewater-storing at the reservoir and rebuild or build new water-pumping stations toprotect farm lands and irrigation installations in case of high water level at thereservoir;

c. To reinforce the dikes before water-storing of the Dam;

d. To conduct regular inspections on the dikes during preliminary water-storingperiod to prevent seeping and ensure prompt repairing.

8) Measures for Soil and Water Conservation

a) Measures for Soil and Water Conservation in Construction Site

Total occupied land area for the construction site is 0.7994 million m2, where buildingarea of houses is 55,000m2 According to the characteristic of soil and water erosion,vegetation recovery method and reclamation method are adopted.

About 350,000m2 of farmlands will be temporarily occupied by the construction. Afterthe construction is finished, the compacted soil can be ploughed for reuse. Plannedreclamation area is about 133,300m2 (about 200 mu).

If vegetation covering rate in this region is assumed to be 60%, total cultivated areaof plant is 366,700m2. 42,390 trees are planted. when we select the varieties of trees,we must consider not only their fitness but also their economy and beauty, such asmasson pine, China fir, fragrant tree, camphor tree etc.

b) Measures for Soil Water Conservation for Waste Yard Retaining WallConstruction:

According to the topography of waster yard, a retaining wall shall be built by groutedstones at the gully. Total length of the retaining wall is 945m and total volume ofearthwork is 7620 m3. Among it , length of the retaining wall at Changchogtangwaster yard is 660m and total volume of earthwork is about 530 m3; Retaining walllength at Jipochong waste yard is 175 m and its volume of earthwork is about 1220m3; Besides; length of retaining wall at / Dachong waste yard is 11Om and its volumeof earthwork is 11 OOm3.

Drainage:

In order to prevent water from mountain from flushing the wastes and solids, adrainage ditch will be built on the top of waster yard with grouted stones. Total length

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of the drainage ditch is 4750m and its sectional dimension is 30X30 cm (widthXdepth).

After all the wastes and solids are dumped. its surface should be leveled and somesoils should be put on its surface. Thickness of covered soil is about 0.5m. Occupiedland area of waste yard is 477600m2. If its vegetation covering rate is 70%, cultivatedarea of plant is 334300m2. Besides 38650 trees are planted. We should selectsuitable trees to plant, such as mason pine, tea tree etc.

c) Measures for Soil and Water Conservation in Other Places.

Stone processing system and concrete mixing system are divided into right-banksystem and left-bank system. For the right-bank system, after the body project iscompleted, temporary buildings should be removed and the rubbish should betreated. Beside, the compacted surface soil must be ploughed to be used asfarmland again.

For the left-bank system, about 3,500m2 of hilly land will be occupied, where rockslope prevails. After the major project is completed, the land must be leveled andcovered by soil. Thickness of covered soil is about 50cm. The land shall be used toplant trees, such as tea trees. Cultivation area of trees is about 24,000m3.

d) Measures for Soil and Water Conservation for Temporary Roads.

After the project is completed, the pavement and two sides of the temporary roadsshould be leveled so as to prevent soil erosion and maintain the regional ecology.Cultivation area of plants is 37,000m2 and 4,046 trees will be planted.

e) Residue Settlement Tank

Ponding-water settlement tanks shall be constructed at the three waste soil & stonequarries. Residue wastewater shall be fully clarified prior to being discharged toXiangjiang River in order to keep it free from residue water pollution. The size andlocation of settlement tanks shall be determined as to ensure a full compliance of thedischarging water with specifications.

9) Cultural Relics Protection

According to the investigation, cultural relics within the project area are located farfrom the dam site and reservoir bank so that this project has no impact on thesecultural relics. However, if any cultural relics are found during construction,excavation will be stopped immediately and the local cultural authority will beinformed of such discovery. Excavation will not be resumed until identification ofcultural relics by the authorized institution is completed and necessary preservationmeasures are taken

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10) Safety of navigation

First-phase weir, diversion of right river bed, temporary navigation and increasingflow velocity will bring about some unsafe factors for ships and boats. Therefore,except that temporary navigation scheme for the construction period should be welldone during project design, navigation management should be strengthened andsailing marks should be perfected. In addition, the illuminating station should beheightened so as to guide the ships and boats safely and efficiently.

11.1. 3 Operation Phase

Assessment on treatment measures to water pollution and protection measures towater quality shall be undertaken by Hunan Provincial Environmental ProtectionBureau, Zhuzhou municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and HengyangMunicipal Environmental Protection Bureau

The responsibilities of the Environmental Protection Bureau in water pollution control:(1) To line out functional water areas; (2) To prepare control measures regardingpollution-sources discharging and general discharging value; (3) To close factoriesor refineries with serious pollution; (4) To prepare general water quality control planfor Xiangjiang River; (5) To conduct regular water quality inspections and directlysupervise the performance of environmental protection installations at the pollutiondischarging units.

Navigation Waterway Bureau takes the following measures to control the wastedischarging of ships: (1) To strictly enforce national regulations regarding ship-pollution discharging to keep waters free from pollution; (2) To establish waste-oilprocessing installations and garbage collecting station at all dock sites alongXiangjiang River to collect waste oil and living garbage from ships; (3) To prepareand establish contingency plan and units to handling with accidental leakage of toxicsubstance from ships; (4) To assist Environmental Protection Bureau in supervisethe disposal of the garbage from ships.

1) Preventive Measures for Water Pollution in Reservoir Area

Because there are many small towns along the reservoir and organic pollutants arethe dominant pollution source, following measures should be taken to control waterpollution sources in reservoir area.

a) Total amount control should be strictly carried out for pollutant load dischargedinto the reservoir. Overall planning and corresponding regional planning should beworked out to control water pollution in reservoir area. Construction of enterprises orfactories with large quantity of pollutants must be strictly controlled in the reservoirarea. For the old pollution sources in reservoir area, pollution control must bestrengthened. For some pollution sources which can't be treated, shut-down must beimplemented under the supervision of competent authorities.

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b) Oil-water separating system must be installed on the ships, which drive in thereservoir all the year round. Oily wastewater discharge must be strictly controlled. Nooily wastewater will be discharged to rivers. All oily wastewater will be transported toprocessing installations along the banks for treatment to ensure a full compliancewith the control specifications.

c) Environmental protection planning should be well done for relocatees resettlement.Environmental protection investment should be verified. Environmental protectionplanning should be implemented during relocatees resefflement. It is estimated thatthe investment on environment protection in migration area such as sanitationprotect, water and soil conservation, vegetable recovering, pollution treatment andetc. shall be 1,000,000 yuan. As the residents within construction site, totaling 124people, will be relocated dispersedly, secondary bio-chemical living sewageprocessing installations shall be established at the new resettlement areas to ensurea full compliance of the sewage discharging with specifications. Meanwhile, garbagecollecting station and marsh gas tanks also shall be established to process livinggarbages.

d) Monitoring and research should be strengthened for water quality and boftomsludge.

e) No solid waste and living garbage from ships will be directly dumped into waterswithout prior process at garbage stations. No on-board lavatories shall be directlyconnected to the waters. No living sewage from ships will be directly discharged toXiangjiang River. All the living sewage from large ships shall be processed in fulicompliance with specification prior to discharging, while that of small ships shall bejointly transported to sewage processing stations on shore.

2) Protective Measures for Fishery Resources

a) Strengthen Fishery Management

Fishery resources of Xiangjiang River declines seriously due to excessive fishing.Because the fishery is decentralized, it is very difficult for fishery management.Fishery administrative authorities should strictly limit the heavy fishing of fisheryresource according to Law for Fishery Resources Protection and Fishery Law. Somefish tools such as explosive, electric tools etc must be prohibited so as to raise thefishery benefits and recover the fishery resources of Xiangjiang River as soon aspossible.

b) Measures of artificial cultivation and periodically sefting fries into water should beconstantly taken.

According to the production capacity of artificial cultivation of fish, 0.2 billion food fishfries (body length is 3cm) will be increased in a year. Fries should be periodically setinto Xiangjiang River so as to raise the fishery resources. Fry shall be put into river

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by Hunan Provincial Aquatic Product Bureau. Because complementary measureshas been taken for fishery resource of Xiangjiang River while undertaking DayuanduConstruction Project., no fry breeding farm shall be built.

c) Sluice gate opening time can be properly prolonged during the peak time of fishreproduction

3) Protective Measures for Soil Erosion in Reservoir Area

Following measures should be taken to control the soil and water erosion inoperation phase of this project:

a) Turf or trees should be planted on all dams and hillsides in reservoir area.

b )For the farmland whose slope is above 250 on the both banks of reservoir, theyshould be returned of forestry.

c) Plantation and forest protection must be tightened up. After this project is put intooperation, the barren mountains and wasteland should be gradually planted.Besides, protection forest should be planted in reservoir area so as to prevent andreduce soil and water erosion.

4) Strengthen the Protection of Agricultural Ecology

Agricultural production environment will change after dam interception. In order toenhance the agricultural productivity and to make full use of environmental capacityin the reservoir area, structures of agricultural production should be adjusted andrectified. Modern stereoscopic agriculture should be developed.

5) Public Hygiene

After this project completed, area of water surface of the reservoir will increase andthe ecotype will become moister around the reservoir, which will be beneficial to thegrowth of mosquitoes and flies, Rise of water level will force the wild rats to migrate,which may increase the incidence of infectious disease. In addition, people aregrouped in the construction site and the living quarter in the construction period,Therefore, public hygiene in the living quarter will have a direct effect on people'shealth, Thereby, it is necessary to take some measures to kill mosquitoes and rats,purify drinking water source and dredge the bottom of reservoir, Besides, anti-epidemic and inoculation measures should be taken, Wastes produced in the livingquarter should be centrally collected and treated.

6) Prevention of Accidental Leakage

Accident leakage may happen during loading and unloading of dangerous goods.This will cause serious impact on water and air environment. Therefore, policy of "Prevention First " should be thoroughly implemented, Besides, some emergency

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measures should be worked out so as to minimize the environmental impact ifaccident leakage happens.

Safety consciousness should be strengthened for the people who are engaged inloading and unloading of goods: "Temporary Rules for Inspection and Supervision forHandling Dangerous Goods" and "Rules for Supervision and Management forshipping Dangerous Goods," issued by the Ministry of Communications of thePeople's Republic of China, should be strictly executed.

Once accident leakage happens, emergency measures must be taken immediatelyso as to prevent pollutant diffusion as far as possible. In addition, it must be reportedto local navigation supervision department immediately so that effective emergencymeasures can be taken in time.

11.2 Environmental Protection Measures for Hengsha Kiloton-class DockProject

11.2.1 Design Phase

(O The dock site shall comply with Port Construction Environment ProtectionDesign Specifications;

® The designed dock structure and shape shall be suitable for the flood control;

© Plantation at the docks shall be well designed;

T The general design shall include the designs for oily wastewater processinginstallations and floor flushing water settlement tanks;

) According to the design requirements, only groceries will be allowed to transport.No substances, which have major negative effects on the water such aspesticide, fertilizer, etc., will be allowed to transport in order to avoid any possiblewater contamination at the upstream intakes.

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D Construction sites will be regularly watered to control dust. Atmosphericenvironment will be regularly monitored during construction phase;

© Equipment with low noise will be used and construction time will be wellarranged to minimize night construction operations;

® Site living sewage will be processed by bio-chemical means prior to discharging;

c) Construction waste soil and living garbage will be transported to and stockpiledat garbage station at Hangshan county.

11.2.3 Operation Phase

@ Turf and trees will be planted to prevent the soil from erosion;

© Oily wastewater processing installations and garbage collection relay station willbe established at all docks;

© Settlement tanks and bio-chemical processors will be constructed andestablished to process floor-flush water and living sewage at all docks;

() Contingency plans shall be well prepared to deal with any possible watercontamination caused by leakage or overturn of ships;

© Special staff shall bo assigned to maintain environmental protection installationsand all the employees shall receive environmental protection training.

11.3 Environmental Protection Measures for Kiloton-class Waterway DredgingProject Between Zhuzhou and Xiangtan

11.3.1 Design Phase

(O Proper silt disposal and stockpiling sites on shore shall be well selected fordredging project;

© Structures re-building shall be well arranged to avoid bank flushing.


(D In order to guarantee the safety of water quality of sanitary zone for drinkingwater source, construction and wastewater discharge must be prohibited within thedesignated sanitary zone for drinking water source (including oily wastewater,domestic sewage, rubbish and dung etc.)

© Dredging of reef and shoal must be approved by public security organs andnavigation administrative authority. Navigation administrative authority should

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announce the time and location of reef blast in advance. IBesides, the contractorshould estimate the protection scone of reef blast. Warning line should be set in riverchannel and alarm signal should be sent out before blasting. People and cars andships must be evacuated before blasting. Operation rules must be strictly carriedout so as to avoid occasional acciclents.

(® The quality of bottom sludge to be dredged will be monitored before dredgingstarts. Based on the result of monitoring, the appropriate measures will beidentified and implemented to prevent water pollution from clredging. The disposalplan for dredged sludge will be (leveloped, and reviewed and approved by localenvironmental protection authorities. Waste materials from dredging project such assand or rocks can be directly filled into the nearest deep water areas or Dam D's fieldsite if they are not contaminated, while waste materials frorn dredging project suchas silt shall be transported to anJ stockpiled at the banks.. The silt field shall becovered with 20cm thick dry soil and planted with trees and turf.

(c) Measures should be taken to prevent oil leakage during work or maintenance ofships.

(©) Environmental health management should be strengthen for the constructionsite. Rubbish, sewage and dung must be centrally collected, transported and treated.It is prohibited to discharge them into Xiangjiang River without treatment.

(©) Effective measures should be taken to protect drinking water source duringconstruction of this project. Water quality monitoring most be well done for regionaldrinking water source. If you find water is polluted by this project, effective measuresmust be taken immediately

11.3.3 Operation Phase

(D No oily wastewater, living sewage or garbage from the ships will be allowed todischarged or dumped into the river, all of which shall be processed on shore;

( Ships with excessive operation noise will be kept off the navigation waterway;

( National regulations governing dangerous substances transportation shall bestrictly followed and contingency measures shall be well prepared to minimizeany possible leakage and the mpacts thereof on environment;

(X) All crew shall receive environniental protection training.

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11.4 Institutional Arrangement for Environmental Protection

The environment protection orgarnization of this project is established according toEnvironment Protection Law of F. R. China. Environment protection work of thisproject shall be superintended by Hunan Provincial Environrnent Protection Bureau.Hunan Provincial Communications Department shall be in charge of coordinationbetween companies from communications trade. Environment protectionorganization shall be established by Xiangjiang River Navigation and TransportationDevelopment Corporation which is in charge of environment protection duringproject construction and operation.

An environmental administration setup should be established for this project to beresponsible for the environmental oroblems during construction phase and operationphase.

(1) The Employer should establishl an environmental protection office (EPO), whichgenerally coordinates and supervises relative environmentail problems for ZhuzhouNavigation Complex and Dayuancu Navigation Complex (currently 3 staff in EPO, 2more staff will be added to the offikve upon the commencement of this project). 5 staffare needed for this office, including one director, two engineers and two ordinarystaffs. Among them, the director is responsible for overall work. The engineer isresponsible for technical manageinent and supervision of environmental protectionwork as well as annual final report and monitoring report. The ordinary staff isresponsible for the daily work and the environmental problems during constructionand operation of this project.

Besides the EPO with 5 staff, environmental protection supervisors will alsoassigned to Dayuandu Complex and the kiloton-class docks thereof in charge of theenvironmental protection tasks. Upon the commencement of ZNCP, environmentalprotection supervisors will also be assigned to complex dam field and Hengshankiloton dock. Generally, the 5 supervisors will be directly led by EPO.

Environment Management ChartEnvironment Protection Office of Xiangjiang Co.

Environment Environment | Environment Environment EnvironmentProtection Protection Protection Protection ProtectionSection of Section of Section of Section of Section ofDayuandu Zhuzhou Port Hengyang Port Hengshan Port Zhuzhou

Comp sx

Supervision of construction at the Complex and ports as well asthe environment protection at the operation stage

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(2) Following work will be covered for environmental administration setup:

a) Implement relative general and specific policies and regulations for environmentalprotection, issued by state and Hunan Province.

b) Environmental protection Nvork during construction design, includingenvironmental protection consulting, regional environmenl:al investigation, publicparticipation and relocatees resettlement.

c) Be responsible for environmentzil monitoring and managemnent during construction,including land acquisition, relocatees resettlement, bank protection work, domesticsewage treatment, noise control, dust control, supervision and implementation ofenvironmental monitoring tasks during construction.

d) Implement the planning of fish compensation and cultivation in operation phase.Be responsible for monitoring regional aquatic organisms. Assist local environmentalprotection department in investigEiting and dealing with environmental problems inthe reservoir area.

(3) Training for environment prol:ection sense and ability: All the staff includingconstructor shall be trained at least one time on the topic of environment protection.Especially, persons' ability of those who in charge of environment protection shall bedeveloped.

11.5 Environmental Training

All the staff including construction workers shall receive at least one environmentalprotection training, while the mEjor environmental protection staff shall receiveposition training.

(1) Environmental Protection Idea and Ability Training

During the construction phase, the Employer and the Contractor shall inviteenvironmental protection experts to carry out an overall environmental protectionidea training for all construction workers and supervisors, clarifying the majorenvironmental protection problerrs and necessary measures during constructionphase.

During the operation phase, I1unan Xiangjiang Navication Construction &Development Co. Ltd (XNCDCL) shall regularly organize environmental protectionknowledge training for all staff in order to clarify the possible problems that couldexist within their assigned areas, stress the negative consequence may result fromfailing to take necessary environmental protection measures and implant theenvironmental protection idea to the mind of every single staff.

(2) Environmental Protection Abilily Training

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The key construction and oper3tion staff such as inslallations maintenancepersonnel, drivers, office members in EPO of XNCDCL and environmental protectionsupervisors from the Complex and all docks shall receive environmental protectionability training.

Trainings include:

a. Expert Lecture

b. Site Visit of Similar Environmental Protection Installations

c. Irregular national or international long-term or short-term training.

d. Twelve man-month will be sent abroad in two groups for overseas training,with the training budget being 96,000USD.

11.6 Environmental Monitoring

Environmental monitoring is desigred to timely evaluate the impact of this project onthe environment and the effectiven3ss of environmental proteiction measures.

11.6.1 Environmental Monitoring in Construction Phase

Pollution sources such as sewage, noise, dust etc caused by construction machineryshould be monitored regularly at the construction site. Besides, environmental noiseshould be regularly monitored in the neighborhood of construction site. In case ofexceeding the limits, effective mea!;ures should be taken immediately.

11. 6.2 Environmental Monitoring in Operation Phase

It includes water quality monitoring for main drinking water intakes in reservoir area,monitoring for main water pollutic,n sources and monitoring for fish and aquaticorganisms.

11. 6.3 Monitoring Administration

Local environmental protection department can be entrusted to do environmentalmonitoring work. Monitoring metho,: and analysis method carn be selected accordingto the national regulations.

11. 6.4 Estimate of Monitoring Cosi

Monitoring Cost in Construction Phase:

Construction phase is about 4 years. Monitoring cost is about 30000ORMB(70000RMB/year). Among it, 2000(RMB is spent on Air environment monitoring anddust monitoring; 1000ORMB is spent on sound source and noise environmentalmonitoring; 20000RMB is spent on water environment and domestic sewage

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monitoring; 20000RMB is spent on aquatic organisms monitoring.

Monitoring Cost in Operation Phase:

Ecological monitoring cost is 20000RMB/year. Water environment and wastewaterpollution source monitoring cost is 10000 RMB/ year. If operation phase is assumedto be 20year, total monitoring cost will be 600000RMB. Total monitoring cost for thisproject is 900000RMB.

11. 6.5 Environmental Monitoring Program

Environmental monitoring .plan is divided into five parts, namely water, air, noise,ecology and bottom sludge. For details, please refer to table 11-1,11-2,11-3, 11-4and 11-5.

A strict system of monitoring report should be established for environmentalmonitoring plan. After each monitoring work is finished, the monitoring unit mustprovide the monitoring report for the Employer immediately and report it to the higherlevel. The Employer's environrnental protection office should collect theenvironmental monitoring report once a season to make ready for examination byHunan Environmental Protection Bureau.

The environmental monitoring report will be periodically compiled. An annualmonitoring report will be furnished to the World Bank by January 31of each yearstarting in 2003 during constructioin period, and for each of the first three yearsfollowing the completion of construction.

Table 11-1 Noise Monitoring Plan

Mc r&tdng McE*rn, Monib*gt san-ong SuperisbioStge MorAg Locabon

llern Frquency Duraton Trre oi0a

1. Boundary of coruo site Hunaeat Eat

Ccrstdion2. Sound senSItMv pcwts rosde t oLse Orco'nonthr 1 day dayirmete boundary of xonsib ;Yd ngt pDr

Mt 150m) Bureau

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Table 11-2 Air Environment Monitoring Plan

_ SuvnsionStage Moring Uxalicu Ibm Fmewcy Duabion T

Tine Organ

1.Conaeie- ndng station

2. Ai sersite orts iside Three days inmx, si Onehoiz un

Phase2caisnxuln site bcundary (within TSP twicewr iad lbreac Pr300rii) ~~~~~~~~aternoo in a mtrig Bureau.

3. Roads sendusly podued by dustin cati( on sie_

Table 11-3 Water environimental Monitoring Plan

Montoring Monitoring Moa nritng Supervsinstage Point Frequency

Place Location FE dors organs.

Domestic Sewage PH. 'S COD Hunansewage oo Environent

sewagecb7 onstut in twce a year al ProtectionConstruction site site BO[lS. Total Bureau

Phoa;phorusConstrucion

Phase | downstrea SS, PH, COD, dr inPhase Knglng moafdam left middle DO drought periodKongling ~~~~~~~~~~~~and rorniiaI site. about and center perrnmganate and ia

Se on 1 km away (three index, N- NH, ThSetion from dam points) peboleum, total year. re

site phorphorus sucoession.

DomesticDonestc PH, iS COD

Sewage in sewage Do, EODtotal twice in a yearoutet Phosphorus

directonial area

Operation Water quality

Phase of drinking Water Do, FPH, S once aintake N-NH3 total season in

water intake in phosphorus the first threeHengshan (Totally 2 years. Next,county and points) petroleum once a year

shiwan town

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Table 11-4 Ecological Monitoring Plaii

Stage Monitorng MonitonFrequency supervisionLocation Factors o

Construction dam site region once beforevegetation

Phase stone yard construction Hunan

EnvironmentalReservoir Area oc esni

Operation onc te ais sheaso neis Protection

(96 km in Fishuce the ais he yearsat,,, BureauPhase Re yesources onceayarafers

length)theyar

Table 11-6 Bottom Sludge MonitorinEi Plan

Monitoring Location Monitoring Iterms Monitoring Frequency Supervision Organs

Each Dredging River Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Before Initial Stage of Hunan ProvincialCourse Cu, Zn Each Construction Environment

_______________________________ ________________________ __________ __ Protection B ureau

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Environmental Impact Assessmeni

11. 7 Investment Estimate of Enviroimental Protection

Refer to table 11-6, which is an estimate of the environment protection of Zhuzhou Table

Table 11-6 Environmental Protection Measures Investment Estimation

Investment RemarksProject (1 04RMB)Name

1. Environmental Monitoring in th 8e 6 Monitoning cost is 80000 RMBconstruction penod per year.

2. Productive wasteNater Sedimentat;on tank shall be set. Itstreatment in the constnicton 20 cost has been covered in the cvilperiod engineering cost of body project.

3. Domestic wastewater trearment 30 indudes in the temporary civilfor construction site engineering.

4. Noise and dust preventon in the 15construcion period

_. En_rnenalmn nnh Monitoring period is 5 years,5. Environmental meonitorng In the 6X5 Monitoring cost is 60000 RMB peroperating penod year

Zhuzhou 6. Wastewater treatment inlthbe The cost hats been included in theNavigah on opera6ing peerod 35 dvil enrlineering cost for livingComplex qatrProject

7. Training of consciousnes; and 15 The cost has been covered inability for Environmental Action technicall training.

8. Sanitation and antepiiemic 15 induding construction site andmeasure setflement

9. VegetaUo reoover theThe cost has been covered in the9. Vegetation recovery In the 150 cost oyf soil and waterconstruction sitecosraon

conservation.

10. Environmental afforestation 110 induding turf plantng

11. Recamation measures in The cost has been owvered in thethe constction site 120 engineering cost for constuctionthe consbucton site ~~~~~~~~~~site.

12. Subtotal 588

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1. Environmental Monitoing ir the 2X3 Monitong period is 3 yearMonitorngconskuction period cost is 2000C RMB per year

2. Productive and doriestic The cost has been covered in thewastewater treatment in the 5 temporary cavil cost.construdion period.

3. Noise and dust control in the 5construction site

Hengshankiloton- 4. Environmental monitoring ii the Monitoring peiod is 5 years.dass operating period.Dock I x5 Monitoring cost is 10000 RMB per

Projectyear.

5. Wastewater treatment .ir the 15 The cost has been covered in the aviioperating period engineering cost

6. Affbrestation and Vegetation 20 The cost has been covered in the civilrecovery engineering cost.

7. Subtotal 56

1. Environmental monitoring ii the Monitoring peijod is 3 years.construction period

2 x 3 Monitoring cost is 20000 RMB per

Waterway YearDredging 2. Environmental monitoring i i the Monitoring peliod is 5 year.Project operating period

p1x5 Monitoring cost is 10000 RMB peryear.

3. Subtotal 11

Overseas Training 80

Total 735

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12. Conclusion and Suggestion

12.1 Conclusion

Construction of Zhuzhou Navigcition Complex Project ant its auxiliary projects,namely Kiloton-class Dock Project and Waterway Dredging Project, will greatlypromote the navigation development and regional economic development. Thisproject has good economic benefit and social benefit. Construction and operation ofthis project may have an adverse impact on environment to some degree. forexample, some vegetation will be destroyed and soil erosion will become moresserious. Noise and dust will also have an impact on surrounding environment.Furthermore, domestic sewage and production wastewater will pollute the waterbody in Xingjiang River. Besides, because hydrologic conditions change greatly,living conditions for aquatic organisms (including fish) will cinange and population ofaquatic organisms will change too. Self-purifying capability of water body will beweakened, which is not beneficia to the diffusion of wastewater pollutant. Althoughthere do exist above-mentioned adverse impact on environment, we can minimizethe adverse impacts to the extent to which regional environment can bear as long asenvironmental protection and mariagement are strengthened and the environmentalprotection measures are impleniented. Thereby as viewed from environmentalprotection, the project and site selection are feasible.

12.2 Suggestion

(1)Because Hengshan kiloton-class dock is only 550m apart from water intake ofHengshan Waterworks, managenient must be tightened upi during operation of thedock. Operation must be done strictly in accordanoe with standards andspecifications. It is prohibited to transport the goods which are excluded in thedesign specifications, Besides, oily wastewater treatment polant must be built. It isprohibited to discharge the untreated oily wastewater into nearby waters.

(2) When Waterway Dredging Project begins, water quality monitoring for drinkingwater source must be well done so as to prevent the test water from being pollutedby bottom sludge produced while administrating waterway.

(3) Initial water storage of the dam should be done in higfh-water period or normalperiod of Xiangjiang River so as to reduce the influence on hydrology.

(4) After the project is completed monographic study should be made according tothe change of fish varieties in Xiangjiang River. Besides, you should further makeclear the variety quantity and location of setting fry into Xiangjiang River so as tominimize the adverse impact on fish.

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I I %- Jf TL - S SKETCH MAP OF XIANGJIANG WATERWAYiI 3± iti x. Z-T% CONSTRUCTION & DEVELOPMENT

'4~~~~~- uanzfro ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Chn

", Shim CiengLingii

.in Hursai ProvnceChangsha

t 2/ vJ *"Ht E / t ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~HaohekouJ| HDngyan va Va- A

~~.- Phaterways n Day~~~~~~~~~~andu Reservor area ~ ~ ~ ~ an

L dcation Of or nigiang cXlasang at fin Hungn pdmse a ros it ii Jrniilru

PR tion ComplexLegend Hhngshen Sogtnic Spot ia

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__ sZgD9#EtrSEMili WitN J; %so *3ii~~~~~~~~~~~~ Hengdong

Rgservoir area SXXlrzom

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Planning dam site and proposed Id-XA*t t LMcon4plex km ()i 1 .4 Jinrho / 4

(river mouth ) ;§ J uy F 7 (

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"?b - *Atl 24km V (3 1. 3 x 40 x 300 (m )

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2 | | T° ZfIoUth Countyo

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l l

> R | |

~~~~~~~~~~~Xilngiin RiverPtg

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L~~~~~~~~~~~J~~~~L

eLuidashi To

§+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A

a o ,11

,2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5:4

Legend UfU _1. Sewage Outlet of Xianghua Company

(Tianyu Pesticide Plant) z2. Domestic Sewage Outlet in Hengshan

county

3. Sewage Outlet for Hengshan Fertilizer * ; T i at,a anTo

Faciory4. Sewage Outlet for Shiwan Ceramics

Factory

5. Domestic Sewage Outlet for Shiwan b

Town

Zhuuglupu Towa

t X ? g° ~~~~~~~~~Shau$Town 1 b .i

Xintanglown ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ow

'S_,,.'~~E 1P,, 'a TOWFL<

n~~~~~Lgn

- Jingzhu Expressway

/ - Xiangjiang River

'-I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~RailwayHeuong ConyHighway

- 6 |XintangSampling Section for

Water QualityWastewater Outlet

\.i7EF/~\ Q 9 W .$CY +I40i 'X,Water itake forWaterworks

Distribution of Main Pollution Sources and Water Sampling Locations

Schematic Diagram of Inundated Area for Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project

",tttEi- R I W 7 k $ 8 Q 9 kF7 4 97i- ) K ' 4R3

d4

,

.0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~30

4!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4

5' HetAlanl Tmv.n , . .< _:t T

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A"k~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 fi i .>97t 6 )1 4'.... 7l9aF i*

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[ <* ~~~~Water Intake for Waterxwrks \ G

1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4

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ji TJ 1. i, Xiangtan Count Wateei,rks , =

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---------- ~i~

,< -- ~~~~~~~~~~Xiangton Second Weterworko}W5Ei: , 2 $jJ 7 i

X;; ' \ \ jrl 5 D., gh.j, tt^~~~~~~~~~~~~' 4 V

E \ t \ Baishi section siiavwa t n / 6 ,~~~~Maj.h ecti

Ma/ih Shs Xinjin.egSho

I

~~~~~~~~~~~~/ fs .; Z3 Xilgtn ilBoisiti section NiaAno -etion,mg i X n~5[I~

Zhuzho Sevsm WaerlDk Xianda Thirdo Wat-wk,rzlhs//GeneralLayout for Kiloton- class Waterw iay Dredging «rojectand< -WaterintitoFirstW FS teoeks

Zhuzhou~isrbuin fMoiorn Point fo Water Qulia ty an oto SIg

ZWsurhon cite N IVoter Intake or nXtgtk Testot Mitt

+4ffit/ R Tfl Ziangaun cily

Zhuzhoau Second Wote-esrks and Zhuzh,eo T'hird Wateoreeeke

Legend

Dam Field

General Layout for Kiloton-class Waterway Dredging Pro.ject and > K----4 Water Mionitoring Sectioin

Distribution of Monitoring Points for Water Quality and Bottom Sludge WtrItk o aeok

PtZ11,11-,L E331.8 rL ~- g~ .J - L ,A"lJI V 4 98 A Bottom Sludge Mionitoring lining

*k t A ht .P4 ,/bfXkt 3rm

303 26 4 62 50 51 54 52 15 4 46 44 2 3 4_ \ | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A Map of Natural Construction Material Field

g ~~~~~~~Earth F a el/ / N 3196

46 1 IM

; Mr;sua 1 rqj Q t _ L * d a e F e g /? j S t~~~~i f Lia huap

Agreat F i_b 9 henxela'=\ _ S en i ntan Field n 1

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j p liS t > ~~~~~~~~~~(Luk4;;, g ff ZhuzhouCity'

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J / > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Nanyangqiao ;!/4_P/~

Lushu6 R/ Legend

196 196~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~9

Earth Field Sand Field i 3 Rock Fiendzaohechong RockField

302 pO - - - 162 C 54 6 4 52 54 44 46 44 42 364

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