Environment impact assessment of navi mumbai airport

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESMENT OF NAVI MUMBAI AIRPORT

Vivekanand P. Moril2012JEN2119

PROJECT

Total area earmarked for airport development is 2054 Ha. consisting of 1615 Ha. as airport zone and remaining for off-site infrastructure, such as; diversion & training of rivers, approach road, railways, interchanges and utility lines, etc.

The entire area of the airport zone falls in Raigad District in Panvel & Uran Tahasil covering its 16 villages.

Selection of Alternative Sites

The analysis of alternative sites is done based on following two methods.

1) SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity & Threat) Analysis

2) Site Sensitivity Analysis The overall score is worked out on the basis of

site sensitivity index for different parameters and integration of total impact is worked out & categorized as below-

Categorisation Criteria Overall scale Level of Environmental Impact 750-1000 Very high 600-750 High 450-600 Moderate 300-450 Low Less than 300 Very low After comparison the scores were added. The Rewas-Mandwa score is 773.95.

(Environmental Impact is Very High). Navi Mumbai score is 498.69. (Environmental

Impact is Moderate).

Study Area

The study area around airport falling within the radius of 10Kms. The study area is further extended upto 20 km. as fringe area.

The core area covers the area within the radius of 10km, in which all the scoped environmental parameters is studied to understand the magnitude of impact.

In the remaining area i.e. fringe area places of historical importance, aesthetic, cultural including environmentally sensitive area is studied.

Identification and Evaluation and Development of Impact & Mitigation Options

Flow Diagram

Impact Identification

To help in / ease the impact evaluation process, the various activities of the NMIA which can have an impact on environment have been classified into four stages namely:

I. NMIA location II. NMIA project design III. NMIA construction phase IV. NMIA operation phase

1.1 NMIA Location : Activity, Impact & Mitigation1.1.1 Activity Removal of Mangroves & Biodiversity

1.1.2 Impacts With the project intervention, these mangroves

(though in degraded form) will be totally lost forever. A total of 161.5 Ha of mangroves will be lost due to the project.

1.1.3 Mitigation

CIDCO has planned to take up approx. 350 Ha. of plantation of mangroves against 161.5 Ha. loss.

1.2 NMIA Location : Activities, Impact & Mitigation

1.2.1 Activity Tree Clearance

1.2.2 Impact There is no forest in the project site area, though there are

naturally growing trees/plants/vegetation in the area. Most of the vegetation of trees in and around the villages are planted fruiting trees like mango, jamun, jackfruit, guava, custard apple etc. and the wood yielding trees like teak, etc. The ornamental trees, bamboos and palms also have been planted and/or maintained by the villagers.

This project will result in loss of all vegetation in the project site.


1.2.3 Mitigation With respect to the trees from the displaced

villages, CIDCO will take up the task of replanting the trees in their areas where they are carrying out developmental activities or along the highways.


1.3.1 Activity Roads and Infrastructure

1.3.2 Impacts The over concretization resulting in increase in

temperature during the day time and summer time along the roads.

Diversion of agricultural land leading to issues of land use change and food security.


1.3.3 Mitigation Compensatory vegetation and plantation programme will

be undertaken within the airport area in the mandatory space.

The entire plantation undertaken will be non-fruit bearing so as to reduce any bird mishaps during the operation phase.


1.4.1 Activity Railways Infrastructure

1.4.2 Impacts The loss of mangroves & vegetation. Diversion of agricultural land leading to issues of

land use change and food security.

1.5 NMIA Location : Activity, Impact & Mitigation1.5.1 Activity Rehabilitation of the displaced villagers

1.5.2 Impacts Ten settlements belonging to seven villages are required to be

resettled away from the project site. Approx 15000 people will be affected due to the project.

Development of basic infrastructure such as water supply, electricity, sewerage, roads, social infrastructure etc. shall be required.

1.5.3 Mitigation Land will be provided to displaced villagers. CIDCO has assumed a proactive role towards the mitigation of the

social impacts by the rehabilitation.

1.6 NMIA Location : Activity, Impact & Mitigation1.6.1 Activity Archeological / Cultural / Historic Sites

1.6.2 Impacts The fringe area study falling between 10 to 20 km. radius,

revealed that there are 3 places of historic importance, aesthetic, cultural including sensitive area namely the Elephanta Caves, Karnala Bird Sanctuary and Matheran Eco-sensitive Zone.

1.6 NMIA Location : Activity, Impact & Mitigation1.6.3 Mitigation

The Elephanta Caves is about 13.5 km from site. The position of aircraft during takeoff/landing/missed approach, would be more than 700 m.

The Karnala Bird sanctuary is about 12.5 km from site. The position of aircraft during takeoff/landing/missed approach, would be more than 750 m.

The Karnala Bird sanctuary is about 11 km from site. The position of aircraft during takeoff/landing/missed approach, would be more than 500 m.

During operation phase, proper flight directions can be provided so as to avoid flying over any of these sites.

1.7 NMIA Location : Activity, Impact & Mitigation

1.7.1 Activity Residential Facilities

1.7.2 Impacts 300 Ha. Area is required for the housing needs of

workers. This housing needs to be supported by all the requisite social and cultural facilities.

Additional load on water and energy would have to be met.

2.1 NMIA Project Design – Activity, Impact & Mitigation

2.1.1 Activity Training of Gadhi River, Diversion of Ulve River

2.1.2 Impacts The impacts of channelization on the aquatic community

mainly arise due to channel excavation, dredging, clearing and removal of vegetation.

Siltation affects aquatic vegetation by increasing the turbidity of water.

Loss and reduction in the number of organisms.


2.1.3 Mitigation The channelization activities are designed to keep flow

characteristics as close to natural flow. In order to minimize the above impacts of

dredging/channelization, proper route alignment will be selected and the dredging and excavation will be done in stages maintaining the water flow. This operation will result in minimum impact on siltation/turbidity on aquatic community.

Contamination of estuarine body would occur mostly during the construction phase due to resuspension of sediments or dust from construction site, both of which are temporary.

2.2 NMIA Project Design – Activity, Impact & Mitigation2.2.1 Activity Hill Cutting (Quarrying / Blasting)

2.2.2 Impacts Generation of heavy quantity of dust which raises the SPM

levels in the vicinity. Noise levels also will increase occasionally. Houses around

the site (if any) may feel the intense acoustic waves. Affects aquatic vegetation by increasing the turbidity of

water. Loss and reduction in the number of organisms.

2.2.3 Mitigation

The excavated material/construction debris would be used for land development of marshy land in the project site area. This would result in change of land use pattern apart from the dust generated and increased noise & air pollution (SPM levels) in the vicinity.

Hi-tech equipment will be used for controlled blasting excavation and hauling of materials which will generate minimal noise as well as dust. This aspect will be covered as a tender condition.

Best engineering practices and modern technologies producing minimum noise would be maintained during the blasting.

Blasting should be well planned with large numbers being fired infrequently than a few blasts daily.

No blasting will be carried out at night. Before controlled blasting, the surrounding villages will be alerted

and the villagers and domestic animals will be offered safe place away from the project site.


2.3.1 Activity Shifting of Extra High Tension (EHT) Line by

undergrounding

2.3.2 Impacts There are 4 Extra High Tension Lines existing in the

Airport Operational Area and in the surroundings which are required to be rerouted either over-head or underground by cables.


2.4.1 Activity

Reclamation of marshy lands (For a safe grade level varying from RL 7.0 to RL 8.5. by cutting of hills and reclaiming the land.)

2.4.2 Impacts

Creek recoursing would take place on existing land cover.

The studies indicate marginal rise in the water levels in the Panvel creek reach along the proposed airport boundary.

Along the Ulwe creek however, the rise in the water levels will be slightly over 1.5 m due to recourse channel along the longer route with flatter slope.

3.1 NMIA Construction Phase – Activity, Impact, & Mitigation

3.1.1 Activity Employment, Migration and Settlement

3.1.2 Impacts Due to migratory workers lot of stress in the area

surrounding the project in terms of water requirement, power, increased ecological footprint, increased requirement for health and educational facilities and changes in the land use pattern and local culture.

3.2 NMIA Construction Phase – Activity, Impact & Mitigation

3.2.1 Activity Siting of construction camp for construction

3.2.2 Impacts Lack of Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Facilities could lead to

water pollution Misuse of local ecological resources like forests for firewood which

would result in destruction of vegetation in the surrounding area, Improper handling of solid waste generated could lead to unhygienic

condition. Use of biomass fuel for cooking would lead to indoor air pollution in the

camp and fire hazard.

3.2.3Mitigation

Safe and secure construction camp area will be provided for the migrant laborers during the construction period. At the camp site, the contractors will be directed to make adequate arrangements for water supply, sanitation and cooking fuels to the laborers.

The construction site will be provided with sufficient and suitable toilet facilities for workers to allow proper standards of hygiene.

Adequate firefighting arrangement would be maintained by the contractor during the construction phase

During the operation phase, high level of fire – fighting equipments with adequate water and foam facility would be maintained as per the stipulated ICAO standards.


3.3.1 Activity Construction Activity

3.3.2 Impacts loading/unloading of different materials and its transportation particularly

through the unpaved sections may result in spillage of material/oil and hence contaminates the soil and groundwater and also raise the ambient SPM levels.

Noise Pollution

3.3.3 Mitigation A thick green belt should be planned all around the project site to mitigate

noise and vibrations to the nearby settlements. The identification of species/plants should be made based on the botanical studies.


3.4.1 Activity Safety of Workers

3.4.2 Impacts Wide level of hazards arising due to the blasting

activity, reclaiming activity, construction of various components of the project. Use of heavy equipment, high levels of dust and noise aggravate the issues of health and safety of the workers.

4.1 NMIA Operation Phase – Activity, Impact & Mitigation

4.1.1 Activity Operation of Airport

4.1.2 Impact Emissions from Aircrafts Noise from Aircrafts

4.1.3 Mitigation Natural and artificial noise barriers may be considered

for critical locations. Emissions from aircrafts are under the limit.

4.2 NMIA Operation Phase – Activity, Impact & Mitigation4.2.1 Activity Surface Traffic

4.2.2 Impact The emission from surface traffic.(Within the prescribed limit) Surface traffic noise exceeds the prescribed limit

4.2.3 Mitigation Aerobridges would be used for passenger transportation. However surface transport for other ground services would

still happen with use of fuel efficient vehicles.

4.3 NMIA Operation Phase – Activity, Impact & Mitigation4.3.1 Activity Employment, Migration & Settlement

4.3.2 Impact Migration into the surrounding area would be permanent nature.

This would lead to a lot of stress in the area surrounding the project in terms of water requirement, power, increased ecological footprint, increased requirement for health and educational facilities and changes in the land use pattern and local culture.

4.3.3 Mitigation As CIDCO has been carrying out developmental activities in the

surrounding area, it is quite competent to absorb the load arising out of such an activity.

POSITIVE IMPACTS Project will facilitate the fast movement of men and

materials, thereby fostering trade and commerce. Supports employment generation. Around 11 lakh direct

jobs and 4 lakhs indirect jobs due to this project. Pressure on other airport at Shantacruz will be eased. Offers increased accessibility, which in turn fuels the

tourism sector which causes more money flows into the local economy.

Raising the standard of living of people in the region, having a positive impact on National economy.

It will handle 60 million passenger per year.

THANK YOU

Environment impact assessment of navi mumbai airport

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