EIA OF NAVI MUMBAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

(NMIA)

By :

Ketan Wadodkar

M. Tech. 1st Year Environment Engineering

Enrollment No.: 10519013

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Content

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•Project Description•Analysis of Alternative Sites

•Location and Geography

•Description of Environment

•Project Activities

•Introduction•Mumbai

•Navi Mumbai

•Need of NMIA project?

•General understanding

about the project

•Impacts of the project

•Positive impacts

•Negative impacts

•Mitigation measures

•Disaster management plan•Conclusions

INTRODUCTION

•Mumbai•Navi Mumbai•Need Of NMIA Project?•General Understanding About The Project

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Mumbai

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• Mumbai developed by British and nurtured by Local Mumbaikars.

• Earlier comprised of 7 isle now a metro city

• Financial capital of the country• Busiest and 1 of the rapidly

growing city in world.

Navi Mumbai• Navi Mumbai is being developed as a counter

magnet to the main city to achieve the goal of de-congestion of Mumbai

• CIDCO developed a new town Navi Mumbai of area 344 sq. km.

• Its Asias largest planned and developed city for population 2 million and 0.8 million jobs.

• high-tech Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT) catering to International Container Cargo traffic at Nhava-Sheva is located on the southern side of the city.

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Need of NMIA project?• Mumbai contributes about 40% of total

net domestic product of Maharashtra.• The share of manufacturing sector

employment is expected to decline from 35 % to 27% and share of tertiary sector employment is expected to increase from 64% to 72%.

• City is shifting from traditional manufacturing activities to trading and service activities.

• There is a need of increasing the capacity of airport as the existing Sahar airport (domestic) and CSIA (international) are not sufficient.

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•Mumbai handles (23%) caters for the highest air passenger

•Mumbai airport at Santacruz is the busiest airport in the country and handles approx. 23% of total passengers, 31% of Cargo traffic and 18% of aircraft movement in the country.

•The airport can handle 40 MPPA which is expected to reach by 2012-13.

•There is a need to develop the second airport for Mumbai.

General understanding about project

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PROJECT DESCRIPTION

•Analysis Of Alternative Site•Location and Geography•Environment•Project Activities

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Analysis of alternative sites

• The following sites were considered and analysed :– Mahapan in

Sindhudurg District– Rewas-Mandwa in

Raigad District– Navi Mumbai

(Panvel)

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• Mahapan in Sindhudurg District:– The site is approximately 350 km. away from Mumbai and

would take about 8-10 hours by road to reach the site.– It is not considered for site for international airport

• Rewas-Mandwa:– Site is about 120 kms away from Mumbai airport.– This will result a travel time of around 3hrs which exceeds

the international norms or travel time to airport i.e. 1.5hrs.– The site is abutting Dharamatar creek.– 2 parallel runways are planned.– The availability of various infrastructure reqd. for the

development of airport are absent at the site.– A trans-harbour link from Sewri-Nhava is proposed to be

constructed on Dharamatar creek.

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• Fig: Rewas-Mandwa site

Navi Mumbai site

• Located near Panvel town about 45 kms from the CBD of Belapur.

• 2 runways are planned. Phase wise development is adopted to meet the air travel demand.

• The site is also proposed to be accessed from Mumbai by high-speed water transportation system abutting airport site.

• Considering a SWOT analysis this site was finalized for new airport.

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• Fig: Navi Mumbai Site

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Location and Geography• Located at Panvel taluka, Raigad Dist.

Maharashtra.• Present site is majorly CIDCO owned and

remaining is private which will be acquired for airport development.

• SH54, NH4B, Aamra Marg (Running on the Boundary of Airport site).

• Panvel creek, Gadhi river, Taloja river and Ulwe river running along and through the boundary of the airport.

• Ulwe hill – RL 82 Mts. within the site.• Elephanta at a distance of 13 Kms. West • Seismic zone :Zone-III as per IS: 1893 (Part-

I) 2002. • Study area falls in coastal region of Konkan

area.• Panvel 1.5 kms. on Central Rly./Konkan Rly.

Khandeshwar – 1 km. suburban Rly..

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The study area is about 10 kms in radius around the airport site.

Description Of Environment

• Study area covers the district of Thane and Panvel.• Climate is hot and humid.• it is included in Deccan Trap where all the balastic

compositions are surrounded by large no. Of dykes.• Taloja river and Kasadi river in the North, Kalundri and

Gadhi river in the East and Ulwe river in the South.• The physico-chemical parameters ranges value within the

prescribed standard except the BOD and nutrients.• A total of 58 species of birds, 46 animals, 23 aquatic animals

and maximum of 198 plant were found in study area.• There is no forest area in the project area.

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Description Of Environment

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Description Of Environment• 50% of project area is open land, salt marshes cover another 25%,

10% under mangrove forest, rain fed agriculture occupies 7% area rest is man-made things in the project area.

• Open land: – hilly terrain extending NW and is towards the SW end of the proposed runway.

• Salt marshes:– more common in the Eastern region of the site of proposed airport than in the

west.– Used for Prawn culture and are also man made.– No life as anaerobic condition prevails.

• Mangroves: – Avicennia marina more dominant species found here.

• Agricultural Land:– rain fed agriculture in mansoon else barren land.– Brick making also observed.

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Description Of Environment

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• Ulwe River:– Head portion is narrow and shallow.– Covered with mangroves.– Sand dredging activities are common.– Prawn farming also done.

• Gadhi River:– It is similar to Ulwe river at head. But

broad and deep in rest region.– On southern bank transported soil is laid

and road is constructed.– Relatively denser mangroves observed.

•Zooplanktons are found out at various location of water bodies in site area..

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Site accessibility

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• Socio-economic Status Of Study Area:– Total population under the study area is about 5.68 lakhs based

on 2001 census consisting of urban as 4.8 lakhs and rest rural.

• For urban area:– Average built-up area - 45 Sq.m. Ownership household – 74%.

Rental accommodation – 22%. Employer’s accommodation – 4%.

– Occupation- Professional 40%, Business or Industry owners 18%, skilled workers 21%, unskilled workers 9% & Clerks & typist 12%. Working population - total 32%, Males-89%, Female-11%. Average monthly income is Rs.12,700/-

– Infrastructure facilities - 82% of the population are satisfied with the physical and social infrastructure available in the urban area.

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• For rural area:– Occupation- Fishermen 2%, Farmers 5%, Broker/Real Esate

Agent/Businessmen 18%, Supervisor/skilled workers 13%, unskilled workers 21% & others 41%

– Income – Average monthly income is Rs.5499/-– All the villages, falling within the NMIA project area, have asphalted

approach road.– All 10 settlements have primary school and 2 settlements have

secondary school.

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Description Of Environment

• Study area includes places of historical importance such as:– The Elephanta Caves.– Karnala Bird

Sanctuary.– Matheran Eco-

sensitive Zone.

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Project Activites

• Project area s about 2054 Ha.

• Airport zone is about 1615 Ha. Consisting of 1200 Ha. For aeronautical activity and 415 Ha. For non- aeronautical activity.

• Remaining area is there for utility services.

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• Project activities involves:– Development of Airport in four phases– Training of Gadhi river– Diversion of Ulve river– Shifting of EHT Lines– Development of off-airport site (non-aeronautical

area)– Approach roads, railways, interchanges, water

transport service to airport zone in the vicinity and far

– Re-settlement and Rehabilitation– Development of various Utilities in the airport zone

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• airport is being developed for ultimate designed capacity of 60 MPPA in 4 phases starting with 10 MPPA in 2013-14, 25 MPPA in 2017-18, 45 MPPA in 2022-23 and finally 60 MPPA in 2030-31.

• the facilities for Cargo is planned initially 0.263 million tones in 2013-14, 0.49 million tones in 2017-18, 0.94 million tones in 2022-23 and ultimately 1.55 million tones.

• non-aeronautical area contain airport related activities such as; Hotel, Rest House, Transit, Lodge, Warehousing, Banking, shopping, Convention & Exhibition Centre, Leisure and entertainment, Water front development, etc.04/12/2023 30

•Power supply is given by 5 DG Set (4 working and 1 standby) of 500 KV capacity

•sewage treatment plant based on the SBR technology will treat aeronautical area will have 15 MLD capacity and non-aeronautical area 30 MLD installed capacity.

•The solid waste generated to the tune of 10 tones/day initially and finally 40 tones/day will be treated at plant at Chaal, Taloja.

•Porject cost works out to be Rs.9625 Cr.

IMPACT OF PROJECT

•Positive impact•Negative impact

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Positive Impacts

• Project will facilitate the fast movement of man and materials, thereby fostering trade and commerce.

• support employment generation, CM outlined that around 1lakh direct jobs and around 4lakh indirect jobs due to this project.

• Pressure on other airport at Santacruz will be eased.• offer increased accessibility, which in turn fuels the tourism sector which

causes more money flows into the local economy.• raising the standard of living of the people in the region. provides a thrust

to the GDP of the local region, having a positively impact on the national economy.

• it will handle 60 million passengers/year which is much smaller than the international standard of 100 million passengers/year so there is always possibilities of expansion.

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Negative Impacts• Impacts are identified considering 4 stages:

– NMIA location – NMIA project design – NMIA construction phase – NMIA operation phase

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Impacts due to NMIA Location• Removal of Mangroves & Biodiversity:

– With the project intervention, A total of 161.50 ha of mangroves (though in degraded form) will be lost due to the project.

• Tree clearance:– There is no forest in the project site area, though there are naturally growing

trees/plants/vegetation in the area.– This project will result in loss of all vegetation in the project site.

• Roads and infrastruture:– two impacts namely the over concretization and – diversion of agricultural land leading to issues of land use change and food

security.– Though the surface soil is being stripped off for brick making.

• Water ways connectivity:– stress on the surrounding marine ecosystem and fishing.

• Rehabilitation:– Ten settlements approx 15000 people will be affected due to the project.

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Impacts due to NMIA Project Design

• Training of Gadhi River:– Channelization leads to altering of original

dimensions of the rivers along with extreme physical disturbances, alterations in river bed morphology, change in flow characteristics and elimination of bank cover.

– The impacts of channelization on the aquatic community mainly arise due to channel excavation, dredging, clearing and removal of vegetation.

– Siltation affects aquatic vegetation by increasing the turbidity of water.

– loss and reduction in the number of organisms.

• Diversion of Ulwe River:– he impacts of diversion is similar to that ‘

Training of Gadhi river”

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• Hill Cutting (Quarrying / Blasting):– Generation of heavy quantity of dust which raises the SPM levels in

the vicinity.– noise levels also will increase occasionally.

• Reclamation of marshy lands:– the rise in the water levels will be slightly over 1.5 m– river training would take place on existing land cover.– studies indicate marginal rise in the water levels in the Panvel creek

reach along the proposed airport boundary.

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Impact Due To Construction Phase

• Employment, Migration and Settlement:– stress in the area surrounding the project in terms of water requirement,

power, increased ecological footprint, increased requirement for health and educational facilities and changes in the land use pattern and local culture.

• Siting of construction camp for construction:– stress on the local ecological resources

• Leveling of site:– leveling process would lead to an intense / heavy quantity of dust

which would raises the SPM levels in the vicinity.– the noise levels would be high due to the machinery used for leveling.

• Safety of Workers• Construction Activity

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Impacts during Operation Phase of NMIA

• Operation of airport:– two major impacts

include that of air emissions and noise.

• Surface Traffic:– air quality is affected– Noise also is affected

• Employment, Migration & Settlement:

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MITIGATION MEASURES

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V/S

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Air sector• Appropriate dust suppression

measures will be implemented within the project site.

• Use of asbestos will be prohibited.

• Background air quality of all transport corridors will be maintained by reducing idling time and control on emissions.

• Aerobridges would be used for passenger transportation

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Biodiversity and Forests• CIDCO has planned to take up approx 350

Ha. of plantation of mangroves against the 161.50 Ha. Loss.

• The channelization activities are designed to keep flow characteristics as close to the original natural flow.

• compensatory vegetation and plantation programme will be undertaken within the airport area

• contamination of estuarine body would occur mostly during the construction phase due to resuspension of sediments or dust from construction site, both of which are temporary.

• There was no wildlife, observed during the field survey.

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Ecosystem and Land

• Impact of dredging and channelization can be reduced by proper routing of alignment to maintain a proper flow.

• The proposed project activity does not involve clearing of any forest areas• The proposed site and the study area do not include any migratory route of

animals.• he excavated material/construction debris would be used for land

development of marshy land in the project site area.• The project area lies in Deccan trap composed of hard massive basalt rock

and will not initiate any instability problems – landslide/subsidence etc• The predicted water levels at different locations with and without the

proposed airport are practically same.• And as stated earlier STP and landfill sites are available in near by area to

treat waste generated from the airport.

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Disaster management plan• Natural Disasters:

– earthquake – flood – storms/cyclone – cloud burst/lightning/extreme

weather conditions – Fire

• Terror Attack, Plane Hijack, Sabotage

• A highly equiped airport is developed to counter all the calamities and disasters.

• Aircraft Accident Related Disasters:– aircraft accident at airport – aircraft accident off airport – Hazardous material emergency,

hydrocarbon spills (ATF) followed by vapour dispersion and pool fire

– fire

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Conclusion• The project is necessary and

should be given a nod.• Development is necessary, but

development along with environment is acceptable.

• So adopt sustainable development.

• Human imagination is touching sky, sky is part of environment so better preserve for imagination hence future.

• Go green.

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Refrence• Google• Wikipedia• Maharashtra pollution control board• CIDCO• CESE, IIT Bombay• LBG-INECO-RITES Consortium, USA• Central Water and Power Research Station (CWPRS),

Pune• Ground water Survey & Development Agency

(GSDA), Govt. of Maharashtra.04/12/2023 48

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