ENGR 3000 Technology of the Steel Pan - UWI St. … · ENGR 3000 Technology of the Steel Pan...
Transcript of ENGR 3000 Technology of the Steel Pan - UWI St. … · ENGR 3000 Technology of the Steel Pan...
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ENGR 3000 ENGR 3000 Technology of the Technology of the
Steel PanSteel PanLecture 1Lecture 1
Lecturer: Sean Sutherland
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Course Evaluation
Research paper 20%Practicals 20%Examination 60%
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Topics for Today’s Lecture
History of the Steel PanDescription of the Steel PanTypes of Steel PansFamilies of Musical Instruments
BREAKBasic Introduction to Music
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History of the steel pan
1883 – Use of drums in street parades outlawed1900-1934 – Use of tuned bamboo sticks1930s – Use of biscuit tins1934 – Taboos Bamboo bands forbidden1935-1939 – Gradual change to steel instruments in street bands
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History of the steel pan (cont’d)
1938-1939 – “Birth” years. – Winston "Spree" Simon was the first to used
tuned tins– Alexander’s Ragtime Band becoming the first
ensemble with exclusively steel instruments1942 – Carnivals forbidden1939-1945 – First melody pans, developments in pan crafting
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History of the steel pan (cont’d)
1945 – Spontaneous carnival at the end of the war saw several bands consisting of only steel pans1946 – Invaders, led by Elliot Manette was the first “steel band” to participate in organized “mas”1947-1949 – last years of small melodic steel pan1948 – Oil drum replaced biscuit tin
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Parts of the pan
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Parts of the pan cont’d
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Stands
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Racks
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Sticks
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Types of Pans
High TenorLow TenorDouble TenorDouble SecondDouble GuitarTriple Cello/Guitar
Quadrophonic PanFour Pan/CelloTenor BassSix BassNine Bass
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Ranges of the pans
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Measurements for the Tenor Pan
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Note Sizes
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Families (traditional) of Musical Instruments
StringsBrassWoodwindsPercussion
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Strings
ViolinViolaCelloDouble bassHarp
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Brass
TrumpetTromboneFrench HornTuba
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Woodwinds
ClarinetOboeBassoonSaxophoneFlutePiccoloEnglish horn
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Percussion
DrumsTambourineGlockenspiel MarimbaXylophonePiano Organ
Steel panCymbalsChimesTrianglesBellsGuitar
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Categorization of musical instruments based on sound
production mechanisms
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StringsBowed Strings
Violin ViolaVioloncelloDouble bassBowed psaltery
Plucked StringsGuitarLuteHarpSitarBalalaikaKotoMandolinKanoonZitherLyre
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Balalaika
Koto
Mandolin Kanoon
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Strings continued
Hit StringsHammered dulcimerBerimbau
OtherHurdy-gurdy (crank turns a wheel which rubs against the strings)Aeolian harp (strings set in motion by the wind)
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Hurdy-gurdy
Hammered dulcimerBerimbau
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Brass
TrumpetTromboneFrench HornTubaBugleDigeriduConch shell
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Digeridu
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Woodwind
Single ReedClarinetSaxophoneBasset horn
Double ReedOboeBassoonEnglish hornBagpipesKrummhornShawm
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Krummhorn Shawm
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Woodwind continued
Edge blownFlute RecorderTin whistleSlide whistleWhisky jug
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Percussion (membranophones)
Definite PitchKettledrums (roto-toms Some other drums have quasi-definite pitch)
Indefinite PitchOther drums of all kinds Tambourine
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Percussion (Ideophones)Definite Pitch
Xylophone MarimbaVibraphoneHandbellsChimesGamelanSteel pan
Indefinite PitchCymbalsGongRattles of all kindsBonesSpoonsLog drumWoodblockTriangleMaracasRhythm sticksEtc.
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Gamelan
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Basic Music Theory
Staff Treble clef
Bass clef Bar or measure
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Grand Staff
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Staff mapped to Keyboard
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Treble Clef
LINES: e g b d f
SPACES: f a c e
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Bass Clef
LINES: g b d f a
SPACES: a c e g
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Scales
Scale is a succession of notes arranged in ascending or descending orderMost common scales are:– 5 note scale (pentatonic)– 12 note scale (chromatic)– 7 note scale (major/minor diatonic, modes)
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Scales continued
Western music divides the octave into 12 steps called semitones, which constitute the chromatic scaleThen it arranges 7 of these notes in a particular sequence to form major and minor scales, which carry the name of the lowest note in the sequence
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Scales continued
Other cultures use different scalesPentatonic scales are basic to Chinese, Celtic and Native American MusicIndian music is based on a 7-note scale with microtonal intervals (i.e., intervals that are fractions of those found in Western music)
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Octave
An octave refers to the doubling in frequency of a note, which produces a similar note at a higher frequencyBecause of its purity, and the fact that the harmonics of many notes contain the octave, it occupies a special place in nearly all musical cultures
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Whole and Half Steps
W W H W W W H W W H W W W H W W
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C Major Scale
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Steps for writing major scales
1. Write out the eight notes in ascending order beginning and ending with the given note
2. Check the number of half/whole steps between each pair of notes from the beginning
3. If interval is correct, move to the next pair, if not sharpen or flatten the second note of the pair as necessary
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The number of whole tones between notes of minor scales
For harmonic minor scales ascending and descending, the intervals are: 1 – 0.5 – 1 – 1 – 0.5 – 1.5 – 0.5 For melodic minor scale ascending, the intervals are: 1 – 0.5 – 1 – 1 – 1 – 1 – 0.5For melodic minor scales descending, the intervals are: 1 – 1 – 0.5 – 1 – 1 – 0.5 – 1
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Intervals
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Consonant intervals in descending order of consonance
Interval Notes Ideal Freq Ratio # of ½ steps
Octave C-C 2:1 12Fifth C-G 3:2 7Fourth C-F 4:3 5Major 6th C-A 5:3 9Major 3rd E-G 5:4 4Minor 6th C-A 8:5 8Minor 3th E-C 6:5 3
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C Major Scale
C Major Triad
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Triads based on the C major Scale
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Circle of Fifths
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