engmap
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Lena River Lena River A m u r R i v e r Angara River Enisey River Ob' River Arkhangelsk Petrozavodsk Naryan-Mar Syktyvkar Northern Dvina River Saint Petersburg Pskov Novgorod Smolensk Bryansk Kursk Voronezh Tula Ryazan Yaroslavl Vologda Tver Nizhni Novgorod MOSCOW Kazan Perm Ufa Ekaterinburg Chelyabinsk Samara Ulianovsk Penza Izhevsk Kirov Khanty-Mansysk Tumen Kurgan Omsk Novosibirsk Barnaul Gorno-Altaysk Novokuznetsk Kemerovo Tomsk Abakan Krasnoyarsk Irkutsk Ulan-Ude Chita Yakutsk Khabarovsk Birobidzhan Magadan Naltchik å ì ë ð í - î ñ è N o v a y a Z e m l y a S e v e r n a ya Ze m l y a Wrangel Island Saint Lawrence Island (USA) Komandor Islands (Russia) Ð Ë KARA SEA LAPTEV SEA EAST SIBERIAN SEA CHUKCHI SEA BERING SEA Sakhalin Island K u r i l s I s l a n d s SEA of OKHOTSK BARENTS SEA N e w S i b e r i a n I sl an d s C A S P I A N S E A SEA OF AZOV B A L T I C S E A W H I T E S E A K o ly m a R iv e r Lena River Lena River A l d a n R iv er A m u r R i v e r Angara River Enisey River Ob' River Volga River Do n Ri ver Murmansk Arkhangelsk Petrozavodsk Naryan-Mar Syktyvkar Northern Dvina River Saint Petersburg Pskov Novgorod Smolensk Bryansk Kursk Voronezh Tula Ryazan Yaroslavl Vologda Tver Nizhni Novgorod MOSCOW Kazan Perm Ufa Ekaterinburg Chelyabinsk Samara Ulianovsk Penza Saratov Volgograd Orenburg Izhevsk Kirov Salekhard Khanty-Mansysk Tumen Kurgan Omsk Novosibirsk Barnaul Gorno-Altaysk Novokuznetsk Kemerovo Tomsk Abakan Krasnoyarsk Kyzyl Irkutsk Ulan-Ude Chita Yakutsk Vladivostok Khabarovsk Birobidzhan Blagoveshchensk Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Magadan Petropavlovsk- Kamchatskiy Anadyr Rostov-on-Don Krasnodar Stavropol Naltchik Makhatchkala Elista 40 50 40 50 60 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 120 140 150 160 180 170 JAPAN CHINA MONGOLIA KAZAKHSTAN GEORGIA AZERBAIJAN UKRAINE BELORUS POLAND LITHUANIA LATVIA ESTONIA FINLAND SWEDEN Scale 1:14 000 000 Azimuthal projection Baykal Lake Astrakhan Closed canopy forests 40-100% L E G E N D Open canopy forests 10-39% Percent Tree Cover This work was supported by the John D. and Catharine T. MacArthur Foundation Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN) Forest Ecology and Production Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN) Global Forest Watch Greenpeace Russia Spruce and Fir Forest Spruce and Fir Forest Spruce, fir and Siberian pine dominate, often with presence of birch, aspen, pine and larch. Other broadleaved deciduous species and Korean pine are present along the southern border of European Russia and in the south of the Russian Far East. Pine Forest Scotch pine dominates, usually with presence of spruce, birch and aspen and/or larch at the northeastern edge. Larch Forest Larch of different species dominates, often with presence of birch and aspen. Other species (pine, spruce, Siberian pine) may be mixed along the southern and western borders of Russia. In the mountains of the Russian Far East larch species often have undergrowth of Siberian pine. Broadleaved Deciduous Forest Broadleaved deciduous species dominate (oak, lime, ash, maple, elm and in southern European Russia also beech, chestnut and hornbeam). In mountainous areas (Caucasus, Southern Ural, Sikhote-Alin) with significant presence of conifers such as spruce, fir and Korean pine. Stone Birch Forest Stone birch dominates, often with presence of larch trees or patches of trees. In Kamchatka this forest has undergrowth of mountain pine, and in the mountains of Primorye and Sakhalin with presence of spruce and fir. Dwarf Pine Forest Dwarf pine dominates in patches or shrubby forest, often with a sparse upper storey of larch or stone birch. Birch-Aspen and Mixed Forest Birch, aspen and gray alder dominate, with presence of coniferous trees or patches of trees. In most cases, this forest follows logging, clearing or forest fires. Areas of Potential Forest Agricultural and other non-forest ecosystems in which climate and soils are suitable for forest growth. Pine Forest Larch Forest Stone Birch Forest Dwarf Pine Forest Birch-Aspen Forest Broadleaved Deciduous Forest Areas of Potential Forest Russia's Forests Dominating Forest Types and Their Canopy Density References 1. Bartalev S.A., Belward A.S., Erchov D.V., Isaev A.S. A New SPOT4-VEGETATION Derived Land Cover Map of Northern Eurasia. - International Journal of Remote Sensing. - 2003. - Vol.24. - No.9 - P. 1977-1982 2. Hansen M.C., DeFries R.S., Townshend J.R.G., Carroll M., Dimiceli C., Sohlberg R. A. Global Percent Tree Cover at a Spatial Resolution of 500 Meters: First Results of the MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields Algorithm (http://modis.umiacs.umd.edu/productvcf.htm). 3. The Forests of the USSR: Map Scale 1:2500000, prepared by the department of the forest cartography of Souzgiprosleskhoza. M.G. Garsia, ed. Moscow: GUGK, 1990. 4. Vegetation of the USSR (for higher educational institutions): Map Scale 1:4000000. T.I. Isachenko, ed. Minsk: GUGK, 1990. 5. Digital chart of the world. Environmental Science Research Institute, 1999. Bartalev S.A., Ershov D.V., Isaev A.S., Potapov P.V., Turubanova S.A., Yaroshenko A.Yu. Russia's Forests Dominating Forest Types and Their Canopy Density Scale 1 : 14 000 000 Moscow, 2004 Forests are defined as areas with at least 10% tree cover, according to the Global Percent Tree Cover map (Reference 2). Areas with 10% to 39% are con- sidered open canopy forests, while closed canopy for- ests have greater than 40% tree cover. Dominating species and species groups are shown according to the map of the forests of the USSR (Reference 3), published in 1990, except for those places where a comparison with the land cover map of Northern Eurasia (Reference 1), published in 2003, indicates that the species composition has changed. Areas where deciduous or mixed forest has replaced coni-- ferous forest are categorized as "birch-aspen and mixed forest." Areas with other types of species change (rare in comparison with the previous case) are classified based on expert interpretation of the two compared maps (References 1 and 3). Potential forest areas, consisting mainly of agricultu- ral and other non-forest managed ecosystems, are shown according to the map "Vegetation of the USSR" (Reference 4). Boundaries of this category are uncertain and determined based on expert opinion. The map is intended for educational use. Latin names of trees, that are mentioned in legend: ash - Fraxinus sp.; aspen - Populus tremula; beech - Fagus sp.; birch - Betula sp.; stone birch - Betula ermanii; chestnut - Castanea sativa; elm - Ulmus sp.; fir - Abies sp.; gray alder - Alnus incana; hornbeam - Carpinus betulus; larch - Larix sp.; lime - Tilia sp.; maple - Acer sp.; oak - Quercus sp.; pine - Pinus sp.; Siberian pine - P. sibirica; Korean pine - P. koraiensis; Scots pine - P. sylvestris; dwarf pine - P. pumila; spruce - Picea sp. Photos: Dahno T.V., Kantor V.A., Kiritchok E.I., Piskareva S.B., Potapov P.V.
Transcript of engmap
Lena River
Lena River
Amur
Riv
er
Angara River
Enis
ey R
iver
Ob' River
Arkhangelsk
Petrozavodsk
Naryan-Mar
Syktyvkar
Northern Dvina River
Saint Petersburg
Pskov
Novgorod
Smolensk
Bryansk
Kursk
VoronezhTula
Ryazan
YaroslavlVologda
TverNizhni Novgorod
MOSCOW
Kazan
Perm
UfaEkaterinburgChelyabinsk
Samara
Ulianovsk
Penza
Izhevsk
Kirov
Khanty-Mansysk
Tumen
Kurgan
Omsk
Novosibirsk
Barnaul
Gorno-Altaysk
Novokuznetsk
Kemerovo
Tomsk
Abakan
Krasnoyarsk
Irkutsk Ulan-UdeChita
Yakutsk
Khabarovsk
Birobidzhan
Magad
an
Naltchik
Ç åì ë ÿ Ôðàí öà-Èîñèôà
N o
v a y a
Z e m l y a
Severnaya Zemlya
Wra
ngel
Isla
nd
Sain
t Law
renc
e Is
land
(U
SA)
Kom
ando
r Isla
nds
(Ru
ssia
)
Ñ Å Â Å Ð Í Û É Ë Å Ä Î Â È Ò Û É Î ÊÅ À Í
K A R A S E AL A P T E V S E A
EAST
SIB
ERIA
N
SEA
CHU
KCH
ISE
A
BE
RI
NG
SE
A
Sakhalin Isl
and
Ku
ri l
s I
sl a
nd
s
S E A o f
O K HO T S K
BA
RE
NT
S
SE
A
New Siberian Islands
CA
SPIA
N SEA
SEA OF AZOV
B A LT IC SEA
WH
ITE
S E A
Kol
yma
Rive
r
Lena River
Lena River
Aldan River
Amur
Riv
er
Angara River
Enis
ey R
iver
Ob' River
Volga River
Don River
Murm
ansk
Arkhangelsk
Petrozavodsk
Naryan-Mar
Syktyvkar
Northern Dvina River
Saint Petersburg
Pskov
Novgorod
Smolensk
Bryansk
Kursk
VoronezhTula
Ryazan
YaroslavlVologda
TverNizhni Novgorod
MOSCOW
Kazan
Perm
UfaEkaterinburgChelyabinsk
Samara
Ulianovsk
PenzaSaratov
Volgograd
Orenburg
Izhevsk
Kirov
Salekhard
Khanty-Mansysk
Tumen
Kurgan
Omsk
Novosibirsk
Barnaul
Gorno-Altaysk
Novokuznetsk
Kemerovo
Tomsk
Abakan
Krasnoyarsk
KyzylIrkutsk Ulan-Ude
Chita
Yakutsk
Vladivostok
Khabarovsk
Birobidzhan
Blagoveshchensk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Magad
an
Petro
pavlo
vsk-
Kamch
atsk
iy
Anad
yr
Rostov-on-Don
KrasnodarStavropol
NaltchikMakhatchkala
Elista
40°
50°
40°
50°
60° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 100° 120° 140° 150° 160° 180° 170 °
J A P A N
C H I N A
M O N G O L I A
K A Z A K H S T A N
GEORGIAAZERBAIJAN
UK
RA
IN
E
BE
LO
RU
S
PO
LA
ND
LITHU
ANIA
LATVIA
ESTONIA
F I N L A N D
S W E D E N
Scale 1:14 000 000Azimuthal projection
Bayka
l Lak
e
Astrakhan
Closed canopyforests
40-100%
L E G E N DOpen canopy
forests10-39%Percent Tree Cover
This work was supported by the John D. and Catharine T. MacArthur Foundation
Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)
Forest Ecology and Production Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)
Global Forest Watch Greenpeace Russia
Spruce and Fir Forest
Spruce and Fir ForestSpruce, fir and Siberian pine dominate, often with presence of birch, aspen, pine and larch. Other broadleaved deciduous species and Korean pine are present along the southern border of European Russia and in the south of the Russian Far East.
Pine ForestScotch pine dominates, usually with presence of spruce, birch and aspen and/or larch at the northeastern edge.
Larch ForestLarch of different species dominates, often with presence of birch and aspen. Other species (pine, spruce, Siberian pine) may be mixed along the southern and western borders of Russia. In the mountains of the Russian Far East larch species often have undergrowth of Siberian pine.
Broadleaved Deciduous ForestBroadleaved deciduous species dominate (oak, lime, ash, maple, elm and in southern European Russia also beech, chestnut and hornbeam). In mountainous areas (Caucasus, Southern Ural, Sikhote-Alin) with significant presence of conifers such as spruce, fir and Korean pine.
Stone Birch ForestStone birch dominates, often with presence of larch trees or patches of trees. In Kamchatka this forest has undergrowth of mountain pine, and in the mountains of Primorye and Sakhalin with presence of spruce and fir.
Dwarf Pine ForestDwarf pine dominates in patches or shrubby forest, often with a sparse upper storey of larch or stone birch.
Birch-Aspen and Mixed ForestBirch, aspen and gray alder dominate, with presence of coniferous trees or patches of trees. In most cases, this forest follows logging, clearing or forest fires.
Areas of Potential Forest Agricultural and other non-forest ecosystems in which climate and soils are suitable for forest growth.
Pine Forest Larch Forest
Stone Birch Forest Dwarf Pine Forest Birch-Aspen Forest
Broadleaved Deciduous Forest
Areas of Potential Forest
Russia's ForestsDominating Forest Types and Their Canopy Density
References
1. Bartalev S.A., Belward A.S., Erchov D.V., Isaev A.S. A New SPOT4-VEGETATION Derived Land Cover Map of Northern Eurasia. - International Journal of Remote Sensing. - 2003. - Vol.24. - No.9 - P. 1977-1982
2. Hansen M.C., DeFries R.S., Townshend J.R.G., Carroll M., Dimiceli C., Sohlberg R. A. Global Percent Tree Cover at a Spatial Resolution of 500 Meters: First Results of the MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields Algorithm (http://modis.umiacs.umd.edu/productvcf.htm).
3. The Forests of the USSR: Map Scale 1:2500000, prepared by the department of the forest cartography of Souzgiprosleskhoza. M.G. Garsia, ed. Moscow: GUGK, 1990.
4. Vegetation of the USSR (for higher educational institutions): Map Scale 1:4000000.T.I. Isachenko, ed. Minsk: GUGK, 1990.
5. Digital chart of the world. Environmental Science Research Institute, 1999.
Bartalev S.A., Ershov D.V., Isaev A.S.,
Potapov P.V., Turubanova S.A., Yaroshenko A.Yu.
Russia's Forests Dominating Forest Types and Their Canopy Density
Scale 1 : 14 000 000Moscow, 2004
Forests are defined as areas with at least 10% tree cover, according to the Global Percent Tree Cover map (Reference 2). Areas with 10% to 39% are con-sidered open canopy forests, while closed canopy for-ests have greater than 40% tree cover. Dominating species and species groups are shown according to the map of the forests of the USSR (Reference 3), published in 1990, except for those places where a comparison with the land cover map of Northern Eurasia (Reference 1), published in 2003, indicates that the species composition has changed. Areas where deciduous or mixed forest has replaced coni--ferous forest are categorized as "birch-aspen and mixed forest." Areas with other types of species change (rare in comparison with the previous case) are classified based on expert interpretation of the two compared maps (References 1 and 3).
Potential forest areas, consisting mainly of agricultu-ral and other non-forest managed ecosystems, are shown according to the map "Vegetation of the USSR" (Reference 4). Boundaries of this category are uncertain and determined based on expert opinion.
The map is intended for educational use.
Latin names of trees, that are mentioned in legend:ash - Fraxinus sp.; aspen - Populus tremula; beech - Fagus sp.; birch - Betula sp.; stone birch - Betula ermanii; chestnut - Castanea sativa; elm - Ulmus sp.; fir - Abies sp.; gray alder - Alnus incana; hornbeam - Carpinus betulus; larch - Larix sp.; lime - Tilia sp.; maple - Acer sp.; oak - Quercus sp.; pine - Pinus sp.; Siberian pine - P. sibirica; Korean pine - P. koraiensis; Scots pine - P. sylvestris; dwarf pine - P. pumila; spruce - Picea sp.
Photos: Dahno T.V., Kantor V.A., Kiritchok E.I., Piskareva S.B., Potapov P.V.
