English language proficiency 1
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Transcript of English language proficiency 1
English Language Proficiency I
Madam Dashima Bt Abdul Wahab
Prepared by :1. Nurain Binti Rosham
2. Nadhira Binti Abdul Karim3. Izasyahira Binti Duasah
Sentence Structure :Sentence Types
What is it Sentence types ?• There are four types of sentence which are simple sentence, compound
sentence, complex sentence and compound-complex sentence.
• Each sentence is defined by the use of independent and dependent clauses, conjunctions, and subordinators.
Sentence Type
SENTENCE TYPES
Simple sentence
Compound sentences
Complex sentence
Compound-Complex sentence
Basic Elementsof
Every Sentence
SUBJECT PREDICATE
Basic Elements
Pocoyo takes pictures.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
Simple Sentences
has only one main idea
contains a subject and a verb, but they can
also contain compound subjects or
verbs
is an independent clause with no conjuction or
dependent clause
it expresses a complete thought
Simple Sentence
Pocoyo takes pictures.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
one subject one predicate
Simple Sentence
play hide and seek.Pocoyo and friends
Compound Subject
Simple Sentence
take pictures and play hide and seek.
Pocoyo and friends
Compound Subject Compound Predicate
&
Simple Sentence
• SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject
• Pocoyo and friends play hide and seek.
• SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject and compound predicate
• Pocoyo and friends take pictures and play hide and seek.
Compound Sentence
contains more than one part that can stand alone (independent clauses).
Independent clauses and the main ideas are
connected by coordinator, conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs or a semi-colon.
has two or more idea
Except for very short sentences, coordinators
are always preceded by a comma
Compound Sentence Use of Coordinating Conjunctions
SUBJECT PREDICATE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
and
COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Compound Sentence
• I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English.
• Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping.
In the following compound sentences, subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and the coordinators and the commas that precede them are in red.
Compound Sentence
We went to San Juan,
and most of us danced all night .
Subject Verb
CoordinatingConjunction
Predicate
Verb
Prepositional phrase
Modifying phraseSubject
COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
Compound Sentence
• CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: AT THE BEGINNING
• Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
• CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: IN THE MIDDLE
• Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
• CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: AT THE END
• Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.
Semicolons
• “If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon” (Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).
Example :
Matt has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and energetic.
Complex Sentence
contains one independent clause and at least one
dependent clause
The clauses in a complex sentence are combined with conjunctions and
subordinators
a subordinates idea adds to or completes the
information given in the main idea. it cannot
ussually stand alone as a sentence
words such as why, which or that can function as
subordinating conjuctions and appear in front of
subordinate ideas
Complex Sentence
After they finished studying,
Juan and Maria went to the movies.
PredicateSubject
SubordinatingConjunction Part that cannot stand alone
Complex Sentence
SUBJECT PREDICATE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
even though
Example :
Because she didn’t like cats, Hillary got a dog.
COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although," "as," "because,"
"before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that," though," "till," "until,"
"when," "where," "whether,” and while."
Compound-Complex Sentence
• contains multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
• These sentences will contain both conjunctions and subordinators.
Because she did not like cats,
Hillary got a dog,
and Sara, who loves dog, named him.
Subject Predicate
SubordinatingConjunction
CoordinatingConjunction
Part that cannot stand alone
Compound-Complex Sentence
COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE:COMBINES BOTH TYPES
Punctuate each clause according to its rules!
Mike is popular because he is good looking, but he is not very happy.
Excersise :1: The teacher walked into the classroom, greeted the students, and took attendance.
a. Simple
b. Compound
c. Complex
2: Juan played football while Juanita went shopping.
d. Simple
e. Compound
f. Complex
3: Juan played football, yet Juanita went shopping.
g. Simple
h. Compound
i. Complex
4: Although Mexico has the better football team, it lost.
a. Simple
b. Compound
c. Complex
5: The island was filled with many winding trails, a small lake, and dangerous wild pigs.
d. Simple
e. Compound
f. Complex
6: Naoki passed the test because he studied hard and understood the material.
g. Simple
h. Compound
i. Complex
7: While Abel and Gottlieb thought their father would change after a few months, he didn't.
j. Simple
k. Compound
l. Complex
References
Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison, Wesley, Longman, 1999.
The Little, Brown Handbook, by H. Ramsey Fowler and Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.
Let’s Have aGreat Day!