English Guide Book For Teacher and Student
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KATA PENGANTAR
Dengan memanjatkan Puji serta Syukur kehadirat Illahi Rabbi Allah Swt, karena
atas rahmat-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan diktat panduan untuk guru mata
pelajaran Bahasaa Inggris, yang berjudul English Guide book for teacher, khususnya di
lingkungan komisariat Sukaraja kabupaten Sukabumi.
Adapun maksud dan tujuan penyusunan diktat ini sebagai panduan untuk guru
Bahasa Inggris agar memiliki persepsi yang sama tentang bahan ajar, introduction
conversation in class, essential English grammar, kind of text and language feature.
Pada penyusunan diktat panduan ini penulis banyak mendapatkan bimbingan dan
bantuan dari berbagai pihak, lebih khusus penulis menyampaikan banyak terima kasih kepada
Obing Hobir, SPd, MMPd, selaku pengawas mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris atas segala
bimbingan dan masukannnya selama penulisan ini.
Pada kesempatan ini, penulis mengucapkan banyak terima kasih juga kepada :
1. Drs. Ade Fadilah MMPd, selaku Kordinator Pengawas Kabupaten Sukabumi
2. Dr. Hj. Himatul Aliyah, MPd, selaku Kepala Sekolah SMPN 1 Sukaraja
3. Sri Sulastri, SPd, selaku Ketua MGMP Bahasa Inggris Komisariat Sukaraja
4. Seluruh guru SMP Negeri 1 Sukaraja Kabupaten Sukabumi yang telah membantu
penulis selama penyusunan diktat..
5. Guru-guru peserta MGMP Bahasa Inggris komisariat Sukaraja Kabupaten Sukabumi,
yang selalu memberikan motivasi
6. Istri tercinta serta anakanak tersayang yang selalu memberikan dorongan, dan doa
hingga selesainya diktat ini.
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Diktat ini masih jauh dari sempurna oleh karena itu, saran dan kritik dari semua
pihak sangat penulis harapkan demi kesempurnaan penulisan.
Sukabumi, Desember 2012
Penulis,
Tim MGMP Bahasa Inggris Gugus Sukaraja
\
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iNTRODUCTION
Komunikasi Dalam Bahasa Inggris
Saling bertukar makna dalam teks bahasa Inggris , baik lisan maupun tertulis
Sarah:Good morning! How are you?
Toto : Hi! Morning. Im fine thanks. And
yourself?
Sarah: Not bad. Thanks
Teks Lisan
Percakapan Transaksional:
* Percakapan yang dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup, misalnya: jual-beli,
meminjam sesuatu, job interview, meminta maaf, mengharap kehadiran dsb.
* Berbicara seperlunya, topiknya Tertentu
Teks Tulis
Short functional texts:
Label, notices, pengumuman, kartu ucapan dsb.
Genres:
Descriptive, report, recount dsb.
Genre
Memiliki:
Tujuan komunikasi (communicative purpose)
Struktur teks (generic structure)
Ciri-ciri kebahasaan (linguistic features)
Apa hubungannya
Tujuan komunikatif dicapai dengan cara menyusun teks (struktur teks) sedemikian
rupa agar mudah difahami oleh pendengar dan pembacanya. Bahasa dipilih
sedemikian rupa agar mudah difahami oleh pendengar dan pembacanya
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Recount
Tujuan komunikatif:
Melaporkan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatandengan tujuan memberitakan atau menghibur.
Struktur teks:
* Pendahuluan (orientasi), yaitu memberikan informasi tentang apa, siapa, di mana dan
kapan;
* Laporan (rentetan) peristiwa, kegiatan yang terjadi, yang biasanya disampaikan secara
berurut;
* Komentar pribadidan/atau ungkapan penilaian (jika ada
Recount
Ciri kebahasaan:
* nouns dan pronounssebagai kata ganti orang, hewan atau benda yang terlibat, misalnya
David, the monkey, we dsb.
* action verbs atau kata kerjatindakan, misalnya go, sleep, run dsb.
* past tense, misalnya We went to the zoo; She was happy dsb.
* conjunctions dan time connectives yang mengurutkan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan,
misalnya and, but, then, after that, dsb.
* adverbs dan adverb phrases untuk mengungkap tempat, waktu dan cara, misalnya
yesterday, at my house, slowly dsb.
* adjectives untuk menerangkan nouns, misalnya beautiful, funny, dsb
Narrative
Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
Menghibur pendengar atau pembaca dengan pengalaman nyata atau khayal. Ciri naratif
adalah adanya unsur konflik (masalah) dan resolusi (penyelesaian masalah). Jumlah masalah
atau penyelesaiannya mungkin hanya satu, mungkin juga lebih.
Struktur Teks:
* Pengenalan latar: tokoh, waktu, dan tempat:
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* Pengembangan konflik;
* Penyelesaian konflik;
* Koda: perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh atau pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita.
Ciri Kebahasaan
nouns tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang,dalam cerita, mis: stepsisters, housework, dsb.
adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase, mis: long black hair, two red apples, dsb.
time connectives dan conjunctions untuk mengurutkan kejadian mis: then, before
that,dsb.
adverbs dan adverbial phrases untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa, mis:
here, in the mountain, happily ever after,dsb.
action verbs dalam past tense; stayed, dsb.
saying verbs yang menandai ucapan seperti: said, told, dan thinking verbs yang
menandai pikiran, perasaan tokoh mis: thought, felt, dsb.
Descriptive
Tujuan Komunikatif :
Mendeskripsikan ciri-ciri seseorang, suatu benda atau tempat tertentu.
Struktur Teks:
* Pengenalan benda, orang atau sesuatu yang akan dideskripsikan.
* Deskripsi: menggambarkan ciri-ciri benda tersebut,misalnya berasal dari mana, warnanya,
ukurannya, kesukaannya dsb. Deskripsi ini hanya memberikan informasi mengenai benda
atau orang tertentu yang sedang dibahas saja, misalnya deskripsi tentang My Dog. Ciri-ciri
anjing saya tersebut dapat berbeda dengan anjing yang lain.
Dsecriptive
Ciri Kebahasaan:
nouns tertentu, misalnya teacher, house,my rabbit, dsb.
simple present tense.
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detailed noun phrase untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek, misalnya She a
sweet young lady.
berbagai macam adjectives, yang bersifat describing, numbering, classifying, mis: two
strong legs, two white fangs, dsb.
relating verbs untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek, misalnya, My mum is
realy cool, It has very thick fur, dsb.
Descriptive
thinking verbs dan feeling verbs untuk mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi penulis
tentang subjek, mis: Police believe the suspect is armed, I think it is a clever animal,
dsb. action verbs, misalnya Our new puppy bites our shoes, dsb.
abverbials untuk memberikan informasi tambahan tentang perilaku tersebut, misalnya
fast, at the tree house, dsb.
bahasa figurative, seperti simile, metafor, misalnya John is white as chalk, sat tight,
dsb
Procedure
Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
Memberi petunjuk cara melakukan sesuatu melalui serangkaian tindakan atau langkah.
Struktur Teks:
Tujuan kegiatan atau judul
Bahan-bahan;
Langkah-langkah.
Ciri Kebahasaan:
Pola kalimat imperative, misalnya, Cut, Dont mix, dsb.
Action verbs, misalnya turn, put, dont, mix, dsb.
Connectives untuk mengurutkan kegiatan, misalnya then, while, dsb.
adverbials untuk menyatakan rinci waktu, tempat, cara yang akurat, misalnya for five
minutes, 2 centimetres from the top, dsb.
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Kind Of Text
1. Caution
Kata atau ungkapan yang digunakan untuk memperingatkan atau memberi peringatan pada
orang agar menghindari sesuatu atau tidak melakukan sesuatu.
Contoh:
Do not accept if the seal is broken
Warning
Do not aim the camera directly into the sun or
at other intense light resources that could damage your eyesight
2. Greeting Card
Pesan tertulis yang biasanya berisi ucapan selamat, turut bahagia, dan sejenisnya,
disampaikan pada momen tertentu seperti lebaran, natal, ulang tahun, pernikahan, dan lain-
lain.
Contoh:
Dear Kania,
Congratulation on your success to be the student of the first rank.
Yours,
Putri
3. Short Message
Teks yang berisi satu atau sejumlah kecil kabar, informasi, atau perintah dari satu orang
untuk seseorang yang lain. Umumnya diramu dalam bahasa yang singkat dan padat.
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Contoh:
Please call my wife and tell her Im attending the meeting.
Tell her Ill be home at 7:30.
Our phone no is 022-5403518
Seanu Zaka
4. Invitation
Informasi atau pesan tertulis yang tujuannya mengajak atau mengundang seseorang atau
sejumlah kecil orang untuk hadir pada event tertentu.
Contoh:
My special day is coming
I turn to seven and keep growing
Mom and Dad are having a party
They say it is for me
Your smiling gace we hope to see
So come and bring your family, it will be lots of fun
The party begins at three and at five its all done
Saturday, February 14, 2009
Mahadewis house 12 Tebu Ireng Street, Pasir Jati Housing Complex
5. Announcement
Suatu tulisan untuk mengabarkan kepada khalayak tentang suatu event atau kegiatan
(umumnya) yang akan berlangsung atau diselenggarakan.
Contoh:
Announcement
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To celebrate the 40th school anniversay, each class is supposed to send one volleyball team,
one basketball team, and 2 badminton players for the sport competitions. They will be held
from May 21 until June 10. For further details, read the information board next to the wall
magazine or contact Seanu Ratu, the chief of the committee, at 085323013144 at any time
you wish.
6. Advertisement
Memberitahukan sekaligus menawarkan produk dan jasa, atau juga meminta produk dan jasa.
Bahasa yang digunakan umumnya singkat padat, namun komunikatif dan informatif.
Beberapa kata acapkali disingkat untuk penghematan kolom dan spasi display.
Contoh:
Vacancy
We need educators who meet these qualifications:
(S-1) in English
Less than 35 years old
Good performance
Send Your:
a pplication letter, CV, certificate, academic transcript, recent photograph to:
SMART COURSE
Jl. Ahmad YaniBandung
Ph. 022 75312
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7. Letter
Pesan atau informasi yang disampaikan oleh satu seorang untuk seseorang. Informasi penting
umumnya termaktub dalam body of the letter, yakni bagian antara salam pembuka (Dear )
dan salam penutup (Sincerely yours).
Contoh:
Jl. Tjut Nyak Dien Dalam 36
CijohoKuningan
January 4, 2008
Dear Zaka,
It has been a long time two years since I last visited your town. In this coming holiday I am
planning to have a vacation in your hometown. Ill be glad if you can accompany me to go to
some interesting places there. Dont forget to take me traditional food courts.
Would you please pick me up at the airport as I will fly there so that I can come to your
hometown faster.
I am looking forward to seeing you again next week. I cant wait to have a good time together.
Sincerely,
Farhan
8. Label
Suatu tulisan singkat (kata/frasa) yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan atau menggambarkan
identitas suatu barang.
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Contoh:
9. Descriptive
Teks yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang spesifik: seseorang, suatu benda,
suatu tempat, seekor binatang. Teks description meng-highlight satu orang/benda/tempat/
binatang secara khusus. Teks description menyodorkan banyak informasi tentang orang/
benda/tempat/binatang tertentu secara gamblang, [sering] rinci, [acapkali] dapat
divisualisasikan.
Teks description umumnya memiliki struktur:
- identification, pengenalan subjek atau hal yang akan dideskripsikan.
- description, penginformasian ciri-ciri subjekmisalnya sifat-sifat psikologis, perilaku,
tampilan fisik, fitur-fitur khas, kualitas, dan sejenisnya.
Contoh:
My Pet
I have a pet. It is a dog and I call it Brownie.
Brownie is a Chinese breed. It is small, fluffy, and cute. It has got thick brown fur. When I
cuddle it, the fur feels soft. Brownie does not like bones. Every day it eats soft food like
steamed rice, fish or bread. Every morning I give her milk and bread. When I am at school,
Brownie plays with my cat. They get along well, and never fight maybe because Brownies
does not bark a lot. It treats the other animals in our house gently, and it never eats shoes.
Brownie is really a sweet and friendly animal.
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10. Report
Hasil pengamatan, penelaahan, penelitian, observasi, atau studi tentang benda, binatang,
orang, atau tempat. Participant (yang dideskripsikan) pada report cenderung general. Data
yang tersaji umumnya berupa simpulan umum akan karakteristik, ciri, dan atau keberadaan
dan keadaan participant. Tujuan teks report adalah untuk menggambarkan participant apa
adanya. Bila yang dibicarakan suatu benda, teks report lebih menyoroti fungsi dari benda
tersebut.
Teks report lazimnya menyodorkan suatu generalisasi akan participant yang diulas;
generalisasi ini umumnya didapat lewat membandingkan yang satu dengan yang lain yang
tergolong participant sejenis.
Teks report umumnya memiliki struktur:
- general classification, pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan, dan
klasifikasinya.
- description, penginformasian ciri-ciri umum/generalisasi yang dimiliki subjekmisalnya
sifat-sifat psikologis, perilaku, tampilan fisik, fitur-fitur khas, kualitas, dan sejenisnya.
Contoh:
Although gorillas look ferocious, they are really rather quiet apes. They live in family groups
in the thickest parts of the jungles.
A gorillas feet, hands, and wrinkled face are bare and black. His fur may be short or long,
depending on where he lives.
The short-haired gorilla lives in the hot, damp, tropical forests of western Africa, and the
long-haired gorilla lives in the cooler air in the high mountains of central Africa.
A gorillas arms are so long; they almost touch the ground, even when he is standing up!
Some wild mountain gorillas weigh as much as you, your father, and your mother all weigh
together.
At night the father gorilla sleeps on the ground. But the mother and the baby gorillas sleep in
big nests of stick and leaves on the ground, or in the lower branches of trees, where they are
safer from prowling animals.
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11. Narrative
Jenis teks berupa cerita atau dongeng yang bertujuan menghibur pembaca. Ciri utama teks
narrative adalah terdapatnya masalah (atau hal yang dianggap masalah atau pelik) dan
langkah yang diambil untuk merespon masalah tersebutini umumnya berupa solusi atau
penyelesaian. Konten teks narrative dapat berupa cerita khayalan atau kisah nyata yang
mendapatkan bumbu-bumbu perekayasa.
Teks narrative umumnya memiliki struktur:
- orientation, pendahuluan atau pembuka berupa pengelanalan tokoh, waktu, dan tempat.
- complication/crisis, pengembangan konflik atau pemunculan masalah.
- resolution, penyelesaian konflik atau langkah yang diambil untuk merespon masalah.
- reorientation, penutupungkapan-ungkapan yang menunjukkan cerita sudah berakhir, ini
sifatnya opsional.
- coda, perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita;
sifatnya opsional.
Contoh:
There was once a king who was very powerful and rich. But he was unhappy, because he felt
ill all the time. No doctors knew how to cure him, nor did any medicine do him good. One
day, he called all his wise men to his palace and asked them what to do. There is only one
way, said a very old man. If you can find a happy man, take his shirt and wear it, youll be
so on cured.
So the king sent his men to search for all the happy men. They traveled all over the country,
but they could not find one. There was nobody who was completely satisfied.
The men were very tired of being long search, and did not know when to go home. Just as
they were worrying about that, they saw a workman who was singing merrily while he was at
work.
Are you happy? they asked the man.
Yes, I am happy as a lark, answered the man.
Give us your shirt, said the men. Well give you as much money as you need.
Alas! cried the man, I havent got a shirt.
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Contoh:
Rose Flovered Agar Agar
32 g agar agar strips, cut into short strands and cooked for 1 hour.
1,5 liter water
700 g rock sugar, broken into smaller pieces
5 pandan leaves, tied into a knot
1 tsp rose essence
2 drops pink or red food coloring
1. Put agar agar strips and water into a pan and bring to a gentle boil over a medium
low fire till agar agar dissolved.
2. Add rock sugar and pandan leaves and boil for about 5 minutes or until it is dissolved.
Discard pandan leaves. Add essence and coloring. Stir to mix well. Pour the mixture
into a square tin or agar agar moulds.
3. Leave to cool for 5 to 10 minutes, then put it in the fridge to set for 3 hours. Serve
sliced into squares or any shape you fancy.
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BAHAN AJAR KELAS VII
Kompetensi Dasar:
1.Membaca
Memahami berbagai makna dan langkah-langkah pengembangan retorika dalam teks tertulisterutama yang berbentuk procedure.
2. MenulisMengungkapkan berbagai makna dengan langkah-langkah pengembangan retorika yang
benar dalam teks tertulis terutama yang berbentuk procedure.
Setelah mempelajari ini siswa dapat:
1. Mengidentifikasi makna gagasan dalam wacana: makna kata, frasa atau kalimat,gagasan pokok, informasi faktual, informasi rinci.
2. Menggunakan dengan tepat: verb bentuk I, kalimat perintah, kata-kata yang terkaitdengan tema, ejaan dan tanda baca.
3. Menggunakan piranti kohesi (discourse markers) untuk menyatakan sequence.4. Menggunakan berbagai sub keterampilan dalam membaca.5. Menulis teks procedure.6. Menggunakan struktur yang berterima dalam teks procedure.
Materi
Lots of people like fried noodles. They are very delicious and easy to prepare. Do you know
how to prepare them? If so, do you know how to share it with other people? Stay in this
program for more information.
Procedural Texts show you how to do things, step by step. In these texts you will findinstructions or directions on how to cook your favorite dishes, to make a creative toy or
handicraft, to operate an equipment, etcetera.
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The following show you the samples of procedural texts.
Study this text.
HOW TO MAKE FRIED NOODLES
Fried noodles are easy to make. All you need are 350 g of flat egg noodles, 45 ml
vegetable oil, 225 g of mushrooms, 200 g of chicken strips, 25 g of chopped garlic, 100 g of
bean sprouts and 15 ml of soy sauce.
First I cook the noodles in boiling water and drain it. Then I pour the oil into a hot
sauce pan and add the strips of chicken. After that I put the mushrooms in. Next I add the
garlic and the bean sprouts and fry it for 3 minutes. Then I add the noodles and the soy sauce
and stir it.
When its cooked, I take it out and put it in a large plate. Finally I decorate my fried
noodles with slices of cucumber and tomatoes.
(Adapted from Functional English, Tony Rogers, Widya Utama, 2004.)
Do you understand the text?
Are ready to answer questions about it?
Read this text carefully.
Some people like taking pictures and have lots of photo collections. They usually put
the pictures in an album. Sometimes, they also put the pictures in frames. In this way, they
can put their pictures on the wall or on their desks for decoration. Do you also have acollection of photographs? Do you want to put your pictures in frames too? Why dont you
make your own frames for the photos? It is very simple to make your own photo frame.
There are five things you need to make this photo frame. They are a styrofoam, some
origami paper, a photograph, a glue stick and some varnish. These materials are easy to get.Maybe they are even found in your surroundings.
These are the steps to make a photo fish frame. First, draw a fish on the styrofoam tray.The fish should be a little smaller than the photograph you want to frame. Then, cut the
origami paper into small pieces. Next, glue the pieces of origami paper to the tray and to the
fish cut-out. This fish cut-out will serve as the frames stand. After that varnish the frame and
the fish and let them dry. Then glue the fish to the back of the frame and use it to hold the
frame. Finally attach your picture to the back of the frame with sellotape. And your photo
fish frame is ready.
(Adapted from Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Kelas VII, Depdiknas, Dikdasmen,
DirektoratPendidikan Lanjutan Pertama, 2004.)
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Study this text.
HOW TO MAKE FRIED NOODLES
Fried noodles are easy to make. All you need are 350 g of flat egg noodles, 45 mlvegetable oil, 225 g of mushrooms, 200 g of chicken strips, 25 g of chopped garlic, 100 g of
bean sprouts and 15 ml of soy sauce.
First I cook the noodles in boiling water and drain it. Then I pour the oil into a hot
sauce pan and add the strips of chicken. After that I put the mushrooms in. Next I add the
garlic and the bean sprouts and fry it for 3 minutes. Then I add the noodles and the soy sauce
and stir it.
When its cooked, I take it out and put it in a large plate. Finally I decorate my fried
noodles with slices of cucumber and tomatoes.
Do you understand the text?
Are ready to answer questions about it?
Writing
HOW TO COOK RICE
Cooking rice is easy especially if you use a rice cooker
First put some rice in a bowl. Then wash it in running wa
put it in the pan. After that put some water into the pan.
the pan into the rice cooker. Finally plug the cord in an
the button on. Wait for about 30 minutes until the c
done. You will notice it from the light. When the light
yellow, your rice is ready to serve.
Writing a procedural text is not difficult. Still, you need to know several things to be able to
do it as follow:
- Giving Instruction
- Sequence
- Vocabulary
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Writing : Giving Instructions
When you give instructions to other people, it means that you tell them to do something.
Also, when someone gives you an instruction, it means he wants you to do something for
him.
Study these sentences.
1. Open the door.2. Draw a fish on a Styrofoam tray.3. Cut the paper into small pieces.4. Put some rice in a bowl.5. Plug the cord in and switch the button on.
Pay attention to the underlined words. Are they nouns, adjectives or verbs? Thats right. Theyare VERBS- in the first form (verb I). All sentences above start with verb I. They are
instructions. They tell people to do something. These instructions are called Imperatives.
Imperatives are often used to show procedures.
Pay attention to these sentences:
1. Dont close the window.2. Dont come late.3. Dont boil the noodles too long.4. Dont put too much water into the pan.
All the sentences above start with Dont + Verb I. We use Dont + Verb I if we want to tell
others NOT TO DO SOMETHING. The sentences above are also imperative sentences but
they are in the negative form.
We can make our instructions sound nicer or more polite by adding words like please, can,
could, will or would. Compare the sentences on the left with the ones on the right.
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Do you notice the differences?
Thats right. The sentences on the right are more polite than the only sentence on the left.The instructions sound even nicer with the word could or would.
Writing : Sequence
Read these sentences. They are from the text.
1. First put some rice in a bowl.2. Then wash it in running water.3. Next put it in the pan.4. After that put some water in the pan.5. Finally plug the cord in.
The underlined words are used to show order of actions. They are called discourse markers
to show sequence (piranti kohesi untuk menunjukkan urutan).Do you know other words to show sequence? Lets see whether you can identify them.
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Descriptive
Kompetensi
Siswa dapat mengidentifikasikan makna gagasan dalam wacana: gagasan utama,
informasi faktual, informasi rinci, makna kata, frasa, dan kalimat
Siswa dapat menggunakan dengan tepat: kalimat bentuk simple present tense,
descriptive adjectives , huruf ejaan, dan tanda baca.
Siswa dapat menggunakan berbagai sub keterampilan dalam membaca.
Siswa dapat mengidentifikasi langkah retorika teks berbentuk descriptive.
Materi
Generic Structure
Materi ini menjelaskan tentang teks descriptive , yaitu teks yang mempunyai ciri kebahasaan
(grammar) menggunakan kalimat Present Tense dan mempunyai langkah retorika yaituIdentification-Description serta mempunyai fungsi sosial (social function) untukmenggambarkan manusia maupun suatu benda secara mendetail, (to describe parts,qualities and characteristics).
Materi ini dilengkapi dengan latihan dan tes yang cukup banyak dan bervariasi sehinggasiswa dapat memperoleh kesempatan berlatih yang cukup banyak tentang penggunaan
Present Tense and adjectives dalam kaitannya dengan teks descriptive.
Key words:
descriptive text, identification- description, present tense, adjective
Descriptive Text
Descriptive is to describe a particular person, place or thing. It means you describe theircolors, shapes, sizes, weight, height, width, density, contents, and so on. In writing the text,
you use the Simple Present Tense.
The structure of the text is:
Identification : identifies phenomenon to be described. Description : describes parts, qualities and characteristics
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Grammar Present Tense
Remember the patterns ofPresent Tense with be : statements, subject pronouns
How do you get information?
1. We use the Simple Present to talk about things in general , or something happensall the time or repeatedly, or something is true in general . It is not important
whether the action is happening at the time of speaking or not.
Subject Is/ am/ are Object/ Complement
Robert/He
Liana/She
Bali / It
Robert and Liana/ They
A snake/ It
The boys/ They
I
is
is
is
are
is
are
am
a student
helpful
in Indonesia
students
a wild animal
very educated people
the only child
Robert, Liana, Bali and a snake are nouns. He, She, It, I and They are subject pronouns forthese nouns. Robert and Liana , and the boys are plural subjects. A student=one person,
students= more than one person. Nouns, adjectives , and places can come after be.
A snake is a wild animal The boys are very educated people I am the
only child
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Grammar Present Tense
THE SIMPE PRESENT TENSE : POSITIVE
Positive: I
+ Verb + Object / ComplementWe
You
They
He
+ Verb using - s/ -es + Object / ComplementShe
It
Time Signal (ts) = every ..................
For the example :
I eat breakfast every morning
S + Verb + O/C + ts
She follows an English course every Saturday
S + Verb (s/es) + O/C + ts
Am, are and is as the three forms of the verb be are in the Simple Present Tense .
Contractions between subject pronouns and am, are , and is appear in informal usage. A
contraction always contains an apostrophe (), which represents the omitted missing letter.
Singular (one) Plural (more than one)
I am We are
You are You are
He/She/It is They are
Formal : Conversational :I am I`m
He is He`s
She is She`s
It is It`s
We are We`re
You are You`re
They are They`re
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Grammar Present Tense
2. The verb after she, he, it (3 rd person singular) has a final -s
Subject Verb Object Complement Time Sign
A zebra has four legs - -
Giraffes eat leaves - -
Imelda speaks English with her mom everyday
I sleep - - every night
A zebra has four legs Giraffes eat leaves Imelda speaks
English with her
mom everyday
I sleep every night
PRESENT TENSE USING ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY : ALWAYS, USUALLY,
OFTEN, SOMETIMES, SELDOM, RARELY, NEVER
Adverbs of frequency come between the subject and the Simple Present verb :
Subject +
Always
+ Verb
Usually
Often
SometimesRarely
Seldom
Never
Adverbs of frequency sometimes come either at the beginning or at the end of asentence.
For examples:
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Sometimes I get up at 7:00
I sometimes get up at 7:00
I get up at 7:00 sometimes
always usually often sometimes seldom rarely never
100% 99-90% 90-75% 75-25% 25-10% 10-1% 0%
always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely , and never are called adverbs of
frequency
Examples:
Pesta always comes to class on time.
Liana usually comes to class.
We often watch TV at night. I sometimes drink juice at dinner.
I seldom go to movies.
Robert rarely makes a mistake.
I never eat fresh peaches.
Grammar Present Tense
How do you ask questions?
1. The Simple Present Tense: Yes/ No questions
Is/ Are/ Does/ Do Subject Verb Object/ Complement
Is
Are
Does
Do
the animal
those animals
the giraffe
the penguins
-
-
eat
live
rare?
tame?
leaves?
in the South Pole?
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Is the animal rare? Are those animals
tame?
Does the giraffe eat
leaves?
Do the
penguins live
in South
Pole?
2. The Simple Present: Asking Questions with what, where
Question word Is/ are/ does/ do Subject Verb
What
What
Where
is
does
does
a zebra
he
Pesta
like?
look like?
live?
Grammar Comparison
Remember the patterns of Comparison
1. When you describe people, animals or things, you use adjectives. Sometimes there aretwo or more adjectives. We put the adjectives in this order.
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How big (size) How old (age) What color (color) Noun
A tall
A long
young
new
black
white
man
chair
A
tl
l
A longYou
ngNew Black White Man Chair
2. When we use adjectives to compare two people, animals or things, we use the
following pattern.
We useer for the comparative degree of short adjectives. We useer with one-syllable
adjective and some two-syllable adjectives. For examples:
Big-bigger,
hot-hotter,
clever-cleverer,
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easy-easier, busy-busier,
funny-funnier, and lucky-luckier .
We use more in front of adjectives that have two or more syllables, (except adjectives thatend iny) . For example: interesting-more interesting, beautiful-more beautiful,
difficult-more difficult.
3. We useest to form the superlative degree of the adjectives. In general, we useestfor shorter words with some two-syllable adjectives. For example: long-the longest,
hot-the hottest, easy-the easiest and hard-the hardest.
We use most for the long words with three-syllable adjectives. For example: most carefully,
most comfortable
There are five irregular comparative and superlative forms:
Adjectives/ adverbs Comparative Superlative
goodBetter
best
badWorse
worst
littleLess
least
many, much
More
most
far farther, further farthest, furthest
Adjective
Order of descriptive adjectives
Sometimes we use two or more adjectives together:
Pesta lives in a nice new house.
In the kitchen there was a beautiful large round wooden table
Adjectives like new/large/round/wooden are fact adjectives . They gives us objective
information about something ( age, size, color, etc ). Adjectives like nice/beautiful areopinion adjectives . They tell us what someone thinks of something. Opinion adjectives
usually go before fact adjectives. Examples are as follows:
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Evaluation/Opinion
Appearance Age Color Origin
Good
Bad
Ugly
Interesting
Nice
Intelligent
Size/measure
Big
Small
Shape
Round
Square
Triangular
Condition
Chipped
Broken
Rotten
Old
Young
New
Antique
Red
Green
Blue
Bright
green
Dark
blue
Deep
purple
Geographical
French
Italian
Japanese
Material
Wooden
Vegetable
Cotton
Brass
Reading Comprehension
Latihan
Read carefully text below.
One of the most interesting animals in the zoo is the elephant. This animal may be 3 or 4
meters tall. The weight may be 5 or 6 tons.
The elephant of flesh is wrapped in a wrinkled suit of rough gray skin. Its legs are like pillars.
Its huge ears flap gently back and forth like wings. It may consume up to 200 kg of grass a
day. It is fond of banana plants, gingers, and leaves of various plants. Look at the long trunk.
When you throw some peanuts, the trunk picks up the peanuts with the fingers` at the tip of
the trunk. Then, the huge beast will put it into its mouth and eat it happily. The elephant is als
remarkable for its tusks. Tusks are long teeth that continue to grow throughout its life. Thenumber of these animals, however, has decreased a lot. More and more of them are killed for
their tusks. Many die because trees in their forest have been cut down. They cannot find food
and protection in the forest anymore. If people aren`t able to save them, these animals, sooner
or later, may vanish from the earth.
Read carefully text below.
I have friends. Their names are Ari and Ario. Almost everyone who meets them thinks they
are twins , because they look similar and are always together. In fact, they are not twins but
only friends. When they go out to work , everyone in his profession knows and respects them.
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They work as a team. Ari is a journalist and Ario is a photographer.
They both work for a famous picture magazine. Ari writes the articles and Ario takes a
pictures. They do not only cover the domestic events but foreign ones as well . So the
magazine often sends them all over the world to cover important events. They have won many
awards. Because of their good achievement in their profession, many famous magazines and
newspapers offer them good positions, but they refuse. They want to devote themselves
entirely to the magazine where they are working now. They are really a solid team.
Grammar Present Tense
To see th patterns about Grammar Present Tense
Grammar ComparisonRead carefully text below.
Tiger orchid is the largest orchid in the world. It is from Sumatra , Malaysia , and Polynesia .
We can find it on the crowns of trees. They grow high above the ground. We often find the
near streams.
The young stems are upright . The mature stems bend in graceful curves. When the plants are
flowering, it is a magnificent sight. Some of the collective flower of a plant reaches 3 meters.
The collective flower of a plant can have 100 individual flowers. One flower can be 15 cm in
diameter.
The sprays are upright, w e can see the flowers clearly. The color of the flower is yellowish orgreenish yellow. They have various marking. It is dull orange- brown to maroon-purple.
Orchid farmers do not cultivate it much. It must have full sun. We do not need soil to plant it.
We need brick fragments and charcoal mixed with decaying leaves.
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Kompetensi
Setelah mempelajari ini :
1. Siswa dapat mengidentifikasi tujuan teks fungsional2. Siswa dapat mengidentifikasi makna dari functional texts.3. Siswa dapat menggunakan dengan tepat: verbs bentuk pertama, imperatives, content
words terkait dengan teman
4. Siswa dapat menulis undangan dan memo sederhana.
Materi
ReadingInvitation
Sarah is going to celebrate her 13th birthday. She wants to have a small party at home. She
also wants to invite some friends and relatives. Now, she is writing invitation cards for
them. This is one of her cards. Beautiful, isn`t it?
Invitation cards are examples offunctional texts . Other examples are announcements,
shopping lists, memos, and etcetera. In this program, you will read and write functional
texts, but only in the form ofinvitation cards and memo .
Reading - Invitation
Read the following and answer the questions. Give short answers. Type your answers in theblank spaces.
WritingInvitations
Study these invitations.
What information can you find in both invitations?
occasion ,
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date , time , and place .
When we write an invitation, we need to state clearly what the occasion is, for example my
sister`s birthday (invitation 1) or a surprise birthday party (invitation 2).
We must state the date and time of the occcasion, too. Finally we must`t forget to mention
the place. Remember, the words or the sentences that we use may be different, but the
purpose must be clear, to invite someone . How do we express an invitation in words?
Let`s find out.
WritingInvitations-Imperative
Study these sentences. They are from the sample invitations.
Come to my home on Wednesday 11
Share your happiness at my sister`s birthday.
Please arrive on time.
These sentences start with the first form of the verb or (V1). They are imperativesentences . We use imperatives to telll other people to do something.
Study these memos.
Study these sentences. They are from the sample memos.
1. I`ll be out all afternoon.2. I`ll be home late today.3. Please do the dishes when you get home.4. Wash the vegetables and cut them up.5. Please feed the fish and lobsters.6. Don`t forget to water the plants.7. Can you tidy the living-room?
We often use these types of sentences in writing memos. Sentences 1 and 2 are simple
future tense , sentences 26 are imperatives , and sentence 7 uses Can to tell other people
to do something.WritingMemoSimple Future Tense
Study these sentences.
a. I am going to leave at nine tomorrow morning.
= I `m going to leave at nine tomorrow morning.
a. I will leave at nine tomorrow morning.
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= I `ll leave at nine tomorrow morning.
c. She is going to be at the meeting tonight.
= She` s going to be at the meeting tonight.
d. She will be at the meeting tonight.
= She `ll be at the meeting tonight.
We use be going to and will to express future time. After be going to and will , we use thefirst form of the verbs ( V1 ). We can shorten be going to and will by using an apostrophe(`). Study the following forms.
FORMS WITH WILL
STATEMENT
I
will work tomorrow
(I`ll)
You (You`ll)
They (They`ll)
We (We`ll)
He (He`ll)
She (She`ll)
It (It`ll)
NEGATIVE
I
will not work today
You
They
We
He won`t
She
It
QUESTION Will
I
work tomorrow ?
you
they
we
he
she
it
SHORT ANSWER Yes,
I
willyou
they
we
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he
she
it
No,
I
won`t
you
they
we
he
she
it
FORMS WITH BE GOING TO
STATEMENT I am going to work
He
is going to work
We
areShe You
It They
NEGATIVE I am not going to play
He
is not going to play
We
areShe You
It They
QUESTION Am I going to work? Is
he
going to work? Are
we
she youit they
SHORT
ANSWER
Yes, I am.
Yes,
he
is Yes,
we
she you
it they
No, I`m not
No,
he
isn`t No,
we
she you
it they
Forms of will
Complete each sentence with will or won`t and the suitable verb from the list.
fell visit
stay ride
study call
rain be
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REPORT
Setelah mempelajari modul ini :
1. Siswa dapat mengidentifikasi makna gagasan dalam teks report2. Siswa dapat mengidentifkasi langkah-langkah retorika teks report3. Siswa dapat mengidentifikasi dan menggunakan dengan tepat to be, dan the simple
present tense.
Materi
Generic Structure
Grammar
Salah satu ciri ciri kebahasaan (generic structure) yang dibahas dalam teks report di sini
adalah dengan menggunakan :
to be
simple present tense
1. To be
A sentence with be as the main verb has five basic patterns:
a. be + a nounb. be + an adjectivec. be + a prepositional phrased. be+ progressive verbe. be + passive verb
Contoh penggunaan to be :
The Andes is an example of a block-fault mountain
The examples of volcanoes are the mountains in Hawaii
These mountains are still beneficial Volcanic rock is used in the manufacture
Almost all mountains are formed in chains or ranges.
2. Simple Present
The Simple Present Tense is used to express that something was true in the past, is true in
the present, and will be true in the future.It is used for general statements of fact.
Example:
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1. Every continent has mountain chains.2. The power of forming comes from the depth in the earth.3. It snows in Alaska4. Diana washes her hair everyday.5. They have beautiful garden
SimulasiMatch the picture of the place with the words in the box provided by clicking and
dragging the words
Latihan
Generic Structure
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REPORT PART 2
Kompetensi
1. Mengidentifikasi makna gagasan dalam teks report2. Menggunakan dengan tepat noun as a thing dan noun as a person3. Menggunakan dengan tepat the patterns of the expressing something using too and
enough
4. Mengidentifkasi langkah-langkah retorika teks report
Generic Structure
Pendahuluan
Dalam materi ini anda akan mempelajari salah satu jenis
teks (genre), teks report yang mempunyai langkah retorika
yaitu General ClassificationDescription dan mempunyai
fungsi sosial ( social function ) untuk menjelaskan sesuatu
apa adanya, yang menyangkut kejadian alam, karya
manusia, dan fenomena sosial di sekitar kita. Teks ini
mempunyai ciri kebahasaan khusus (lexico grammar), di antaranya penggunaan nouns
(noun as a thing dan noun as a person) dan the patterns of expression using too andenough. Berbagai jenis latihan reading comprehension, grammar dan vocabulary yang
diberikan secara intensif dan bervariatif akan lebih mempermudah anda memahami teks.
Generic Structure
Teks report adalah salah satu jenis teks (genre) dalam bahasa Inggris yang menjelaskan
sesuatu apa adanya. Teks ini mempunyai langkah-langkah retorika (generic structure) yang
terdiri dari : General Classification dan Description.
a. General Classification: Klasifikasi umum tentang apa yang dijelaskan (tells what
the phenomenon under discussion is)b. Description: menjelaskan fenomena-fenomena yang sedang dijelaskan dalam
bentuk bagian-bagian, kualitas, kebiasaan dan tingkah laku (tells what the
phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of parts, qualities, habits or behavior).
Fungsi sosial teks report (social function of report text) adalah untuk menjelaskan sesuatu
apa adanya
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Grammar
Salah satu ciri kebahasaan (lexico grammar) yang dibahas dalam teks report ini adalah
Noun as a thing and noun as a person
The pattern using the expression of too and enough
1. Noun as a thing and noun as a persona. Noun as a thing : adalah kata yang berfungsi sebagai benda yang dibentuk
dari kata kerja (verb)
Contoh:
Verb NounAct An action
Dance A dancing
Paint A painting
Direct A direction
Illustrate An illustration
Achieve An achievement
b.
Noun as a person : adalah kata yang berfungsi sebagai orang yang dibentukdari kata kerja maupun kata benda
Contoh :
Verb Noun
Act An actor
Dance A dancer
Paint A painter
Direct A directorIllustrate An illustrator
An art An artist
A poem An poet
Shopping A Shopper
2. Contoh penggunaan dalam kalimat :1. Titi Kamal is an actress, she always acts very attractively on stage.2. The foreign dancer performed a very spectacular dancing last night.3. My job is as a writer. I usually write articles for newspapers and magazines.
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4. Tiara wants to be a photographer, so she practices taking photographs everytime.
5. Mr. Rudi is an English teacher. He teaches in a junior high school.6. She didnt illustrate it clearly but I can give you a very clear illustration.7. That choreographer created a fantastic choreography.
3. The patterns using expressing of too and enough4.
Subject + be + too + adjective
5.
Subject + be + adjective + enough
6. Penggunaan too menunjukkan makna negatif dalam pikiran si pembicara
atau sesuatu yang tidak bisa dilakukan. (In the speaker`s mind, the use of
too implies a negative meaning or it is impossible to do something)
too diletakkan sebelum kata sifat sedangkan enough diletakkan sesudah
kata sifat
Contoh :
That box is too heavy to lift.
That ring is too expensive to buy.
The test is too difficult to do.
I am strong enough to lift this box.
Jack is old enough to vote.
That show is interesting enough to see.
Vocabulary
Kosa-kata yang berhubungan dengan seni (Vocabulary related to arts)
Reading
http://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/regi/My%20Documents/data%202007/SMP/B.%20Inggris/Report%20-%20Painting/PRODUK/materi2.html%23atas -
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Rock music is part of popular music today. It is played and listened to almost in all
countries in the world. Rock and roll was the name given to the music that developed in the
early 1950s. It is believed that the term rock and roll was first used y a disk jockey, AlanFreed.
In 1955, records of a young singer from Tennessee, Elvis Presley, was heard across the
US. After he appeared on nationwide television, Elvis Presleys singing and his performing
style came to mean rock and roll was all over the world. Then came to Bill Haley and The
Comets. Rock mainly became the music of the young. They understood its beat and sound,
and its lyrics.
The 1970s were the time of big developments in the rock industry. Rock became a very
big business, earning more money annually than any other form of entertainment 0including
the film industry
Source: Lets Talk Grade IX, Pakar Raya.
Bandung
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Kompetensi Dasar
Membaca:
Dengan mempelajari materi ini, siswa dapat merespon makna yang terdapat dalam teks
tulis fungsional pendek secara sangat sederhana secara akurat, lancar dan berterima yang
berkaitan dengan lingkungan terdekat.
Menulis:
Di akhir kegiatan pembelajaran ini siswa akan dapat mengungkapkan makna gagasan dalam
teks fungsional pendek sangat sederhana secara akurat, lancar dan berterima yang berkaitan
dengan lingkungan terdekat.
Materi Pokok
Announcement
Pendahuluan
Jika kita perhatikan, di tempat-tempat umum seperti sekolah, rumah sakit, bank, dsb, ada
label yang maknanya dapat berupa petunjuk atau perintah, atau bahkan pengumuman.
Dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris, label , notice (himbauan) dan pengumuman itu
masuk ke dalam kategori teks fungsional pendek. Nah, Anda akan kami bawa dalam paket
yang singkat tetapi juga membawa anda ke kompetensi pemahaman membaca dan
memproduksi sebuah teks.
Ada kompetensi pendukung yang perlu dikuasai pengguna materi pembelajaran di
samping materi pokok mengenai teks fungsional pendek itu sendiri. Kompetensi
kebahasaan, kompetensi pembentuk wacana, adalah contoh dua kompetensi yang juga
diperlukan untuk menguasai teks yang sedang dibahas. Maka, pada penyajian materi ini
juga terdapat sub materi mengenai tata bahasa, dan fungsi komunikatif teks.
Materi Latihan dan Tes disediakan untuk mengetahui dan mengukur sejauh mana
pemahaman anda dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Materi akan berisi label, notice ataupengumuman yang biasa ditemui di sekitar kita. Sekolah, pasar, bank, mushola sebagai
tempat kita temukan pengumuman dan himbauan itu akan diambil sebagai contoh nyatakeberadaannya. Selamat Belajar!
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We sometimes read those sentences on the whiteboard in the classroom, right?! We call it
a text . It is a short one but still it conveys meaning. People generally name it an
announcement. We put or we find it on a board to let everybody knows the information
in certain places. see it on the wall magazine at school. Thus. it tells all of the students and
all community in the school to gather on the Independence Day. We find it in the
classroom. The writer or Ms.Mirda wants the listed students to submit their letters.
If we review the meaning ofANNOUNCEMENT from a dictionary, the information is
either for the present time or the future time.
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The Simple Present Tense
We use this tense to state facts.
Simple sentence has at least: Subject + Predicate
a. Subject + Predicating Verbs
Predicating Verbs are non action verbs ( for example : want, hate, believe, like, etc)
Affirmative Sentence(+):
I like cookies. Sinta likes cookies.
You like cookies. Adi likes cookies.We like cookies. The cat likes cookies.
They like cookies.
Notice that for the third singular subject, we adds/es on the predicating verbs. Now we
move to the section to make the negative and questions. We use do and does (auxiliary).
Negative Sentence (-):
I do not like cakes. Sinta does not likes gossip tabloids.
You do not like a fortune teller. Adi does not likes chocolate.We do not like horror films. The cat does not likes vegetable.
They do not like junk food.
Interrogative Sentence(?):
Do I look like an artist? Does Sinta want a glass of water
Do you hate me? Does Adi love Mc. Ds?
Do we believe her story? Does the cat need help?
Do they remember you?
b. Subject +Be(Linking Verbs)
Be + Noun Be+ Adjective Be +Preposition
Phrase
I am a doctor. I am happy. I am at work.
Anto is a singer. He is rich. Iwan is in a hurry.
Lia is a nurse. She is beautiful. Ita is in her room.
This is a cat. The tie is black. This is Tuesday.
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We are students. We are tired. We are in the class.
They are doctors. The boys are smart. The boys are out of the bus.
c. Subject + Finite Verbs
A finite verb is a lexical verb with or without auxiliaries that acts as the full verb in the
predicate Affirmative Sentence (+):
I work in a bank. She works in a bank.
They work in a bank. He works in a bank.
You work in a bank. It (The system) works.
We work in a bank.
Negative Sentences (-) :
I do not eat meat. She does not live with her parents.
They do not comefrom China. He does not smoke cigarettes.
You do not play badminton. It does not work.
We do not meet everyday.
Imperative
Although you find the word please in the expression, and you consider it as a request ,the main idea is a command ("Have a drink", "Wash the dishes", and "Try the cookies").So you know now that the word please makes a command into a request.
In this case, actually the guests are asked to drink. This is what we call an imperativesentence: the sentence expresses a command. In real situation, of course we listen to
command or we read commands.
It doesn`t matter whether it is spoken or written .
We often find such label in many places. Traffic signs are the real examples that have the
same patterns. Here they are:
Do you understand the labels? How if you dont? Do they matter to you or not? Allright,
now how about taking a review of the second label. Look at second sign or label, what
will happen if a driver turns right and do exactly something he must not do?
Actually labels that instruct someone to do or not to do something can be easily
understood with pictures addition, right?! We also have pictures to understand the labels
of instruction (imperative)
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FUNCTIONAL TEXT
Kompetensi
Siswa dapat mengidentifikasi tujuan teks fungsional. Siswa dapat mengidentifikasi makna dari teks fungsional.
Siswa dapat menggunakan dengan tepat : verb bentuk pertama, imperative, dan
content words terkait dengan tema.
Siswa dapat menulis instruction dan shopping list
Materi
Reading : Fungsional Text
Functional Text
Apakah yang dimaksud dengan functional text?
Functional Text adalah teks khusus yang berisi perintah, pengarahan, sesuatu yang harus
dilakukan atau tidak boleh dilakukan yang dapat berupa pesan singkat (short message),
daftar belanja (shopping list), peringatan (notice), pengumuman (announcement), dan
lain-lain yang mengandung makna dan digunakan dalam komunikasi sehari-hari.
Perhatikan contoh berikut!
Example 1: Short Message
Read the short message above!
Pay attention to the questions below and click the box to see the answer!
1. To whom is the message for ?
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2. What does he have to do after eating ?
3. Where does he have to put the key ?
4. What subject does he attend ?
Example 2: Notice
Notice is a short passage, symbol or text to
inform or instruct people to do or not to do
anything.This notice means dont smoke. It means
people must not smoke in that place. We
usually see this notice in public places such
as in a bus, in a lobby, or in air conditioned
rooms.
Other examples of notice are Dont Park,
Dont Stop, etc.
Example 3 : Shopping ListAnother example of a functional text is a shopping list. Read the shopping list below!
Day : Monday Date : July 22, 2007
4 loaves of bread
3 kilos of beans1 kilo of apples
2 kilos of sugar
1 kilo of carrots
1 kilo of oranges
1 can of soft drink
Now, see the answer of the questions below by clicking the box on the left column!
1. The text is a kind of ....
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2. The purpose of text is to remind the customer of what to.
3. How many kinds of vegetables are there in the text ?
4. Is there a soft drink in the shopping list ?
Example 4 : AnnouncementRead the following announcement,
Our school basketball matches will begin on Saturday, January 1. The events will run
from 8.0010.00 for the next four weeks. The final tournament will be held on February
7. For more information, contact Rizka ( 021 12345678 )
1. The text is a kind of
2. How long will the events run ?
3. What month will the final round be held on ?
4. When will their school basketball matches begin ?
5. Who can we contact for more information ?
Example 5: InstructionRead the text .Prepare a pan and some eggs
Put some water in the pan
Put some eggs in the pan
Turn on the stove
Put the pan on it
Wait until the water is boiled
Wait for 4 minutes
The boiled eggs are ready
1. How many household appliances do we need ?
2. The text is a kind of
3. Turn on the stove . What is the antonym in the sentence of turn on ?
4. Where do you put the pan ?
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Writing : Imperatives
How do you ask people to do something? We ask people to do something using
imperatives.
Imperatives usually start with a verb. The word please can be put before or after the
instruction to show politeness. If you dont want people to do something, start with
dont. For examples,
Open the door, please!
Close your book!
Could you line up here ?
Dont pick up the flower!
Pay attention to the other examples of imperatives below!
Dont
Could you
open
open
Open
the door
the door
the door
please!
please?
please!
Please
Dont
come
come
Come
here!
here
here!
please!
Now study the following commands!
Dont show your work to the others! ( to give the command to other
friends/people)
Collect the answer sheet ( to give the command to students/ other friends)
Dont leave the room without permission!(to give the command to students/other
friends)
Write your test number! ( to give the command to students/ testees)
Distribute the answer sheet! ( to give the command to students/ testees)
Read the test rules! ( to give the command to students/ testees)
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RECOUNT EXCURSIONKompetensi
STANDARD OF COMPETENCY :
Communicating in oral and written texts, using proper language fluentlyand accurately in the interactional discourse and/ or monologue,
especially in the passages of recount.
BASICCOMPETENCY:Expressing the nuance of meaning, using the correct rhetorical steps
in the written texts of recount , and using simple written languages.
WRITINGAchievement Indicator :
Writing texts of recount using correct rhetorical steps and acceptable text structure.
Materi
Generic Structure
Unforgettable Experience
In 2003 we, the first grade students, made a five-day living in Kalirejo, a
transmigration area in South Lampung. We were 212 students all together. We left
Jakarta for Lampung at midnight and our trip was about six hours. Arriving there, we
were warm welcomed. After a little talking, we were taken to our respective hosts.Every host accommodated four to five students. The transmigrants lead a very simple
life. Most of their houses are made of wood or bamboo and only some are made of
bricks.
Living there, all of us helped the transmigrants plow and fertilize the soil,
harvest cassava, rice, corn or other crops, or washed and fed the cattle. At home, most
girls produced cassava crisps, cassava cake and fried corn. Though dirty, we were very
happy to help them since the works were new and even strange for us. It is unusual for
them to stay till night. They go to bed at about 8 p.m. Because of us, they were willing
to chat until we asked them to sleep or they trained us to play gamelan music.
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One morning, our courageous friend climbed up a ten
meter coconut tree to pick coconuts. Unfortunately, just reaching
about five meter, he trembled. He couldnt continue his climbing.
We we all laughed at him. But the situation changed. Looking down,
his face grew pale and said nothing. We were afraid of him fallingdown. Then we encouraged him to climb down inch by inch. He
followed our advice. It took ten minutes for him to reach the ground.
Stepping on the ground, he said, I wont do such a fool again.
Commented the host, Youre really a citizen, boy.
The last day of living, we gather together with the hosts in
front of the sub-district office to say goodbye. Shaking hands, both
the students and the hosts couldnt bear to cry. We felt as if we had
been a real big family.
Languages Features
EXPLANATION
We use Past Simple Tense to talk about :
o Finished states and actions in the past.
i.e. : - I saw my best friend in the street yesterday.
- My parents met him in 1970.
o Repeated actions in the past
i.e. : - I took the same bus to go to school everyday.
- She always went swimming on Monday.
The pattern :
Positive : S + V2
Negative : S + did + not + V1
Interrogative : Did + S + V1 ?
Adverb of Time :
Yesterday
Last month
Two days ago
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In November 1997, etc.
Sentence connectors is a connection between a sentence with other sentence
1. Finally : It can be used to suggest that one has been waiting for a long time fsomething.
2. At first It can be used to introduce the situation which happens before other
3. When : It can be used to introduce the longer background situation, whichbefore the shorter event, and perhaps went on after it.
4. However : It can be used to mean in what ever way, no matter how.
5. Thus : it can be used as a logical consequence.
Writing a Recount
Write a recount based on the following pictures below. Use your own words to
create your recount.
A recount tells the reader what happened. They retell a past event.
e.g. a visit to a farm two months ago
It begins by telling the reader who was involved, what happened, where this
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event took place and when it happened. This is called the orientation.
The sequence of events is then described in some sort of order,
e.g. time
There may be a re-orientation at the end which summarizes the event.
Writing recounts :
When writing recounts you should :
Focus on individual person i. e. use the word I or we
Use words which indicate when (e.g. after breakfast) and where the events took
place. (e.g. at school)
Write the past tense e.g. had, visited, went.
Use action words e.g. helped, climbed. This was a very long day but I enjoyed it .
Language features
Name the underlined words based on the terms of language features, By writing
the letter in front of the following words into the box given below the text.
A. SPECIFIC PARTICIPANT
B. ACTION VERB
C. LINKING VERB
D. ADVERB OF TIME
E. SAYING VERB
F. PAST TENSE
G. SEQUENCE CONNECTOR
H. ADVERB OF PLACE
Today (1) was a very good day for me. I had been looking for a new job for quite a
while. I (2) listed my name at a few employment agencies and was given information
about several positions, but I wasnt (3) interested in any of these jobs. Last week (4) I
filled out an application form (5) for a new company in town and arranged (6) for a
personal interview. Several men were (7) interviewed for this job, and I didnt know if I
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would get it. This morning (8) someone from the company called up (9) and asked to
see me at two o clock(10). When (11) I came into his office (12), he told me that I was
hired. Ill begin working on Monday. I know Ill like this job. Ill be paid very well and
my work will be extremely interesting.
Read the following passage and identify the language features. Determine theSPECIFIC PARTICIPANT, ACTION VERB, LINKING VERB, PAST TENSE,
SEQUENCE CONNECTOR, ADVERB OF TIME, ADVERB OF PLACE, SAYING
VERB,
I was (1) feeling so happy, I decided to cancel all my appointments for the rest of the
day, and I went right home to tell my wife the good news. But before (2) I could say
anything to her, she told (3) me what a bad day she was having. None of the lights in the
house (4) were working. She had telephoned many electricians, but they all said (5) they
were too busy. Finally (6) one agreed to come and she had been waiting him almost all
day.
When (7) I was able to get her to stop talking about her troubles and listen to me. I told
her about the new job and we made plans to go out for dinner and then go to the movies
and perhaps go somewhere else after that. We made up our minds to forget about the
electrician and decided to celebrate until down. Then (8) we wouldnt need any lights,
anyway.
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RECOUNT BOTANIC GARDEN
Kompetensi Dasar:
1.MembacaMemahami berbagai makna dan langkah-langkah pengembangan retorika dalam teks
tertulis terutama yang berbentuk recount.
2. MenulisMengungkapkan berbagai makna dengan langkah-langkah pengembangan retorika yang
benar dalam teks tertulis berbentuk recount.
Setelah mempelajari siswa
1. Mengidentifikasikan makna gagasan dalam wacana: makna kata frasa atau
kalimat, gagasan utama,references, informasi faktual, gagasan pendukung, informasi rinci.
2. Menggunakan dengan tepat: kata kerja bentuk II, simple past tense, kata-kataterkait dengan tema, ejaan dan tanda baca.
3. Menggunakan piranti kohesi kata ganti waktu.4. Menggunakan berbagai keterampilan dalam membaca recount.5. Mengidentifikasikan langkah-langkah retorika dalam wacana recount.6. Menulis teks recount sederhana.7. Menciptakan struktur yang berterima dalam teks recount.
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Introduction
This is a picture of the Botanic Garden located in Cibodas. Its beautiful, isnt it? Do
you want to know more about it? Well, go on to the next pages and have fun!
In life, we experience various events. Some of them are happy events and sometimes we
also experience sad events. Many times we like to share our past events to others, we are
actually giving them a recount. If you keep a diary and write your memorable events in
the diary, you are also making recounts. History books and biographies also we recounts
because they tell us about past events.
Lets take a look at these recounts and see whether you can understand them.
- Reading - Text I
- Reading - Text II
reading I
A TOUR TO THE BOTANIC GARDEN
On Thursday 24 April, Year Seven students went to the Botanic Gardens. Around 7
oclock, we went out of the school and got into the bus.
After we arrived at the gardens, we walked down to the Education Center. We went to
have a look around. First, we went to the Orchid Farm and Mrs.Rita, the tour guide, read
us some of the information. Then we looked at all the lovely plants. After that we went
down to a little spot in the Botanic Gardens and had morning tea.
Next we took some pictures and then we went back to the Education center to have
lunch. After that we went for a walk to the lake.A lady introduced herself and took us around, and then she explained what we
were going to do. Next she took us in to the green house. It was the most interesting.
Soon after we had finished, we went back outside. Then we got into the bus and
returned to school.
(Adapted from Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris kelas VII, Depdiknas,
Dirjen Dikdas, Dirjen PLP, 2004, halaman 133)
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LATIHAN I
Could you answer all the questions?
Now, look at questions numbers 1-3 again. You can find the answers at the beginning ofthe text. This part is orientation. In the orientation we can find who the characters areand where and when the events took place. The items in number 4 are Nidas activities
during the trip. They are put in the order they happened. This part is called events orseries of events. The last part of the story is called reorientation.
LATIHAN II
Identify parts of the text. Type orientation, event, or reorientation in the space
provided
WRITING A RECOUNT TEXT
Zahra`s Letter
Jl. Darmo No.62
Surabaya
June 17, 2006
Dear Intan,
On Friday I went to Mount Bromo. I stayedat Nias and Hasans house at Cemaralawang Probolinggo.
On Saturday Nia and I went to Gunung Batok. There, we rode on horseback and
enjoyed the beautiful scenery. It was a little scary but it was also fun. Then we went toget a closer look at the mountain. It was wonderful. Next we took pictures of the
amazing sceneries there.
On Sunday we went to Wonokromo Zoo. At the zoo, we watched some cockatoos
having a shower. After that we went around the place to see other animals. When we
got a little tired, we took a rest and ate lunch in the park. In the afternoon, we went
home.
In the evening, I went back to Surabaya. My father picked me up. I really enjoyed myweekend in Probolinggo.
Love,
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Zahra
(Adapted from Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Kelas VII, page 131, Depdiknas, Dirjen
Dikdas, Dirjen PLP, 2004)
In her letter, Zahra tells Intan about her weekend in Probolinggo.
What about you? Do you talk about your holiday to other people too? Do you do it in
English? If not, lets find out how you can write about your holiday or other past
experiences in English, or click below:
- Past Events- Time Sequence
- Writing Letters
Writing : Past Events
1. VERB II
These Verbs are taken fromZahra`s letter
Pay attention to the form.
1. Went
2. Stayed
3. Rode4. Enjoyed
5. Was
6. Took
7. Watched
8. Got9. Ate
10. Picked up
Are the verbs in the present or past tense?
Thats right. They are in the past form (Verb II) because they talk about past activities
2. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
When we talked about past activities, we use the past form of the verbs to talk about our
actions. Notice the following sentences.
1. I met Mr.Umair at the airport yesterday.
2. Last month, we went to Cibodas for a study tour.
3. I usually play tennis on Sundays, but last Sunday I played badminton.4. The classroom was very dirty, so the students cleaned it up before they started to
study.
For negative sentences and questions we use did.Pay attention to these examples
Negatives:
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1. I didnt eat breakfast this morning.
2. I got 100 for English but I did not get a good score for physics.3. Yuki wrote a letter to Farah but shedidnt send her an e-mail.
4. My parents worked on Sunday but they did not work on Monday.
Questions:1.Did you meetFarah at yesterdays party? Yes, I did.2. Did Sarah comewith her brother? No, she didnt.3. Did you and your friendshave a good holiday? Yes, we did.4. Did Imam winthe match? Yes, he did.
LATIHAN
Are you ready for some practice? Good. Let`s start.
Writing : Time Conjunctions
Can you find the words that show time conjunction inZahra`s letter? What are they?
In a recount text, we should tell events in the order they happened. We can do it by
using adverbs of time such as the following.
- On Friday - In the afternoon
- On Saturday - On Sunday evening
- On Sunday - Last Monday
We can also use time conjunctions as follow:
- First - Then
- Next - When- Afterwards - After that
- While - Finally
Writing : Writing Letters
Lets look at Zahras letter again. If we analyze the letter, we will find that it actually
consists of 6 parts
They are as follows:
Nadia writes a letter to her pen pal, Helen.
Find out what she writes. Type a letter in the box!
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Kompetensi Dasar:
Mengungkapkan berbagai makna dengan langkah-langkah pengembangan retorika yang
benar dalam teks tertulis terutama yang berbentuk deskriptif.
Setelah mempelajari ini, siswa dapat:
1. Menulis teks deskriptif.2. Menggunakan dengan tepat: noun dan pronoun, adjective, kalimat pernyataan,
possessive verb, kata yang terkait dengan tema, ejaan dan tanda baca.
3. Memilih topik yang tepat dan bahasa yang sesuai dengan audience.4. Menggunakan piranti kohesi: kata penunjuk orang/benda dan kata ganti
kepunyaan.
5. Meningkatkan penguasaan unsur-unsur bahasa.
6. Menggunakan kamus
Materi
My pet, Bombi
Do you like animals? Do you keep a pet at home? What pet do you have? Is it a cat, a
rabbit, or a fish?
Do you sometimes talk about your pet to other people in your surroundings?
Why dont you try to describe your pet in writing? In this way, you can tell more people
about it. You can put your pet description on the wall magazine at school or share itwith a relative living far away from you. You can also write about your pet to a pen pal.
Now, go on to the next page for more information on how to describe a pet
My Bombi
Bombi is my playful pet. It is a cat. The cat is always playful. It likes playing withanything. It sometimes plays with me. It likes playing with a ball very much. It is very
clever, but sometimes it is very naughty. My Bombi is not very big. It is medium. It has
soft fur. Its fur is grey and white. Bombi has a long tail. Its eyes are round. It looks cute.
It is always near me.
Notice the paragraph about Bombi again. It is a descriptive paragraph. It describes thewriters pet, Bombi. The sentences at the beginning of the paragraph are printed in bold.
This part is identification. We start a description with identification. In identification,
we identify the phenomenon (aspect or thing) that we will describe.
Following identification is description. In description, we describe parts,
characteristics, and etcetera.
Both in identification and description, we need to use certain patterns and words. The
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following are some elements you need to know to be able to describe a pet.
Pronoun
Study this table.
Subject Object
Iwe
youthey
he
SheIt
I like SarahWe like Sarah.You like Sarah.They like Sarah.He likes Sarah.She likes SarahIt likes Sarah.
Sarah likes me
Sarah likes usSarah likes you
Sarah likes them
Sarah likes himSarah likes her.
Sarah likes it.
meus
youthemhim
herit
Study the following table.
it - its
she - her
he - his
you - yourthey - their
we - our
Imy
I like my petWe like our pet.
You like your pet.
They like their petHe likes his pet
She likes her pet.Yogyakarta (It) is famous for its gudeg
We use my/your/their, etc. before a noun.
Verbs showing posession
To show possession, we can use the verbssuch as own, possess, have or has. This time,
we will discuss the use ofhave /has.We can use have or has to show possession.
Study the following.
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In Ramadhan's opinion, what's the resort like?
A. Silly
B. Nice
C. Sunny
D. Horrible
Jawaban yang benar adalah D ===> Jawaban anda adalah (tidak menjawab) (SALAH)
Penyelesaian soal 1:
Soal : 2
Frans : Who won the ... performance in thet contest?Sherly : The Bali's tradisional dance team.
A. good
B. well
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C. best
D. better
Jawaban yang benar adalah C ===> Jawaban anda adalah (tidak menjawab) (SALAH)
Penyelesaian soal 2:
Soal : 3
The suitable word for 18.3 is ..
A. egg
B. salt
C. cooking oil
D. water
Jawaban yang benar adalah C ===> Jawaban anda adalah (tidak menjawab) (SALAH)
Penyelesaian soal 3:
Soal : 4
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What can the visitors do in Keong Mas Theatre?
A. Show an Imax screen of Indonesian Panoramas?
B. Enjoy the beautiful of Indonesian Panoramas through the Imax screen.
C. Watch special drama with effects.
D. Open the building of the Indonesian Panoramas
Jawaban yang benar adalah C ===> Jawaban anda adalah (tidak menjawab) (SALAH)
Penyelesaian soal 4:
Soal : 5
Arrange the following sentences into a good paragraph!
1. To protect the orangutan, the Government has built special areas where they can live safely.2. One of the wild animal is the orangutans.3. Today there is a danger that the orangutans will extinct because the forest is disappearing.4. The orangutans are found in the forests.
A. 1 3 4 2
B. 3 1 2 4
C. 2 4 3 1
D. 2 1 4 3
Jawaban yang benar adalah C ===> Jawaban anda adalah (tidak menjawab) (SALAH)
Penyelesaian soal 5:
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What is the main idea of paragraph three?
A. Marias life is very good now
B. Maria struggled to live in United States
C. Marias carrier improves because of her English
D. Marias background in Peru
Jawaban yang benar adalah C ===> Jawaban anda adalah (tidak menjawab) (SALAH)
Penyelesaian soal 7:
Menentukan ide utama paragraph 3. Kata kunci Maya studied hard. She learned English and she got a job as a secretary.
Soal : 8
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What is Altima 2.5 S ?
A. The cars type
B. The cars brand
C. The Nissan Sentra
D. The cars offer code
Jawaban yang benar adalah A ===> Jawaban anda adalah (tidak menjawab) (SALAH)
Penyelesaian soal 8:
Menentukan informasi tertentu : Altim 2.5 S : jenis/type mobil.
Soal : 9
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A. Fed
B. Be fed
C. Feed
D. Feeding
Jawaban yang benar adalah B ===> Jawaban anda adalah (tidak menjawab) (SALAH)
Penyelesaian soal 9:
Menentukan kata yang tepat. Telah jelas jawaban B
Soal : 10
Rearrange the words to make a good sentence.
A. 5 6 3 2 8 4 7 1.
B. 5 6 3 2 8 7 1 4.
C. 8 7 1 4 - 5 6 3 2.
D. 8 7 1 4 - 5 6 3 2.
Jawaban yang benar adalah B ===> Jawaban anda adalah (tidak menjawab) (SALAH)
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Penyelesaian soal 10:
Pilihan jawaban yang benar untuk me