RENEWABLE ENERGY FOCUSING ON SOLAR ENERGY. NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Energy Storage: Nations Vital Security And The Life Line For Renewable Energy Technologies
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Nations Vital Security & The Life Line For Renewable Energy Technologies Dr. Najib Altawell [email protected] CEPMLP University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK 20 October 2011 Energy Storage
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Transcript of Energy Storage: Nations Vital Security And The Life Line For Renewable Energy Technologies
Nations Vital Security &
The Life Line For Renewable Energy Technologies
Dr. Najib Altawell
CEPMLPUniversity of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
20 October 2011
Energy Storage
Agenda
Introduction
Storage Technologies
Ideas and New Approaches
Conclusion
The Sixth Dimension
Source: Bulk Energy Storage (BESO) http://www.saltcavernstorage.com/images/stories/1.pdf
Image source: http://zebu.uoregon.edu/2001/ph162/l10h.html
Not constantExcess can be stored
High demand Reduce power system loads
Efficiency and reliabilityRenewable energy
Summary
Bulk Energy Storage (BES)
Off-Peak electric large volume storage (Significant capacity in mwh) longer period of storage but with higher cost Examples: Pumped storage hydro (PSH) Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
Distributed energy storage Usually small in size and smaller energy storage capacity, short period of
storage with lower voltage when it comes to transmission and distribution with lower capital cost than BES
Examples: Batteries Flywheels Capacitors
Smart Grid Using Real-Time Information
Heal itself Encourage consumers to participate in operations of the grid Resist attack Provide higher quality power that will save money wasted from outages Accommodate all generation and storage options Enable electricity markets to flourish Efficient Enable higher penetration of intermittent power generation sources
Source: United States Department of Energy
Smart Grid Using Real-Time Information
Enhanced cyber-security Handling sources of electricity like wind and solar power
Integrating electric vehicles onto the grid
Source: United States Department of Energy
Energy storage systems and typical applications
NAS = sodium sulfur; SMES = superconducting magnetic energy storage; UPS = uninterruptible power supply
Source: Gyuk 2002 Gyuk, I. (2002), “Energy Storage: A Distributed Energy Resource,” U.S. Department of Energy
Batteries
Grid Energy Storage (Large-scale energy storage – grid e.g.
8MW/32MWh)
Large transportable (e.g. 2MW/500kWh units)
Community Energy Storage (e.g. 25 to 50kW & 50 to 100kWh units)
Home Energy Storage Unit (e.g. 4kW/10kWh)
ExpensiveHigh maintenance costLimited life-spans (Crystals forming during the charge and discharge cycles)
1
Flow Battery
Li-air batteries (Li-Ion)
REDOX (reduction-oxidation)
Image source: Metaefficient
Image Source: Argonne, USDE
Types
Alkaline dry cellsMercury cells
Silver oxide primary cellsLead-acid battery
Nickel-iron battery (Alkaline cell)Cadmium battery (Nickel-cadmium cell)
Lithium-ion batteries (sometimes abbreviated Li-ion batteries)Nanowire lithium-ion battery
Ultra capacitorSodium-sulfur (NaS) battery
Largest rechargeable battery 1,300 tons
Power for 7 minutes to 12,000 homes
Electric Vehicles
2
Image Source: http://evworld.com/article.cfm?storyid=1212
Compressed Air
3Mechanical Storage
Image Source: Sandia National Laboratories
Images Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Leonardo-Flywheel.ogg
Flywheel
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Mechanical Storage
Source: http://zebu.uoregon.edu/2001/ph162/l10h.html
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumped-storage_hydroelectricity
Pumped water
6Mechanical Storage
Image Source: http://www.itep.kit.edu/english/234.php
Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)
8
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_energy_storage
Thermal Ice or cool fluid used to reduce
electricity demand
9
Molten Salt
10
Image source/cited: http://www.greentechmedia.com/green-light/post/real-solar-thermal-at-intersolar-383/
Molten Salt
10
Source: United Technologies
Energy stored by bending/deforming The energy released when the material returns to its original
shape
Nanotechnology Approach Nanotubes Springs
Carbon Nanotubes
compete with batteries for energy storage
Combining two (or more) of the established energy storage systems, i.e. creating a hybrid
energy storage system
A. Possible Approach
C. Possible Approach
Forced arrangement of molecular structures
-within the same matter or from two different substances-
D. Possible Approach
Using the sea water movement resulted from the gravitational force of
the moon
F. Possible Approach
Designing efficient commercially viable photo-
synthesis machine
Storing Energy (molecular level)
1. Selecting a suitable substance
2. Creating identical copy of the internal structure via software simulation
3. Experimenting (molecular scale) using the above software
4. Replicating the same experiment on the actual sample (nano-scale)
Two Methodologies
Is it the right time to invest in
Energy Storage?
Conclusion1. There is an urgent ‘need’ for energy storage
2. Renewable energy3. Forecasting for energy demand is unpredictable
4. Grid reliability 5. During low demand (e.g. at night) energy stored
6. Smart grid7. Reduction in cost for power stations (reduction
in annual peaking requirements)
