Energy Sources and Understanding Energy Waste/Inefficiencies
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Energy Sources and Understanding Energy Waste/Inefficiencies Alfred Woody, PE Ventilation/Energy Applications, PLLC Norton Shores, Michigan 231 798 3536
Transcript of Energy Sources and Understanding Energy Waste/Inefficiencies
Energy Sources and Understanding Energy Waste/Inefficiencies
Alfred Woody, PEVentilation/Energy Applications, PLLCNorton Shores, Michigan231 798 3536
Overview
Energy systems What is waste and inefficiencyWhat to look for during a site surveySpecific system waste & inefficiencies
Energy Sources
ElectricityFuel
Natural gasFuel oilCoalSolid waste/Wood scraps
Water
BUILDING OPTIMIZATION
ENERGY OPTIMIZATION ASSESSMENT Goals
Eliminate wastePoor maintenanceImproper system operationWaste recovery
Improve efficiencyReplace existingSystem upgrade
Eliminate waste
Poor MaintenanceSystem leaksUncalibrated controlsDirty filters
Eliminate waste
Improper System OperationFailure to turn equipment offRunning wrong equipment for conditions
Waste RecoveryLack of heat recovery in hot exhaust air streams
Improve Efficiency Replace existing
ChillersLight bulbsMotors
System upgradeCentral monitoring and control systemAir conditioning system
How to Find Waste & Inefficiency?
Compare facility use (may not know)With earlier yearsWith similar facilitiesCompare with computer model results
Site survey for improper conditionsToo warm stack temperatureExcessive make-up waterBuildings too warmCold drafts entering buildingEquipment cycling on/offSystems operating during unoccupied hours
How to Find Waste & Inefficiency?
Review building drawings Identify spaces with changed function Find energy intensive systemsUnderstand operating settings
Check equipment nameplate DataEfficiencyAge
Review equipment logsCompare with weather dataNote unusual occurrences – peaks, drops
How to Find Waste & Inefficiency?
Talk to building occupants Uncomfortable spacesNoisy spacesPoorly performing controlsOperation inefficienciesCauses of rework and poor quality
Energy Assessment Audit Phases
Level 0 – Initial site contact and audit planningLevel 1 – Identification of potential ECM’s in selected buildings – order of magnitude calculations to prioritize selectionLevel 2 – Detailed analysis of selected ECM’s from level 1 analysisLevel 3 – Engineering design, project implementation followed by performance verification
Site Surveying ToolsLevel 1 Audit
ThermometersInfrared ImmersionWet bulb
Measuring tape or ultrasonic measurement deviceLight meterFlashlight, screw driver
Site Surveying Tools, Continued
Level 2 AuditElectrical volt, ohm, amp meterAir flow measurement equipmentCombustion test kitVibration sensorNoise meterInfrared ThermographyBlower-door tests
Estimating System Air Flows
500 fpm through air handling unit at coils or filters1000 CFM per Hp with extensive duct system2000 CFM per Hp no cooling & moderate duct system
Calculating Energy Savings
Use computer model resultsUse heat transfer or fluid flow formula
Q = U x A x delta T x hrs.Q = 1.08 CFM x delta T x hrs.Q = gpm/500 x delta T x hrs.
Equipment efficiency curves – chiller, air compressor, etc.Change in component energy use
no. old lamps x watts – no. new lamps x wattsUse a nomograph designed for the ECM
Other Cost SavingsMaintenance & operating cost reductionAlso consider labor cost reduction and increased production output
1 million Btu saved = $5 to $151 million watt hours = $5 to $101 man hour = $ 40 to $80 1% production output improvement = less overtime, smaller fleet of equipment, better utilization of space
BUILDING OPTIMIZATION
Building Waste
Wet insulationHoles in air barrierWorn seals in windows and doorsAir leaks around window and door framesBroken windowsWindows and doors that don’t closeLack of vestibules in cold climatesAbandoned exhaust stacks
Building Inefficiency
Dark roof colorInadequate insulation in walls, roof or floorSingle pane windows with no thermal breaks
HVAC Systems
HVAC System Waste
Lack of insulation on ducts and pipesDuct and pipe leaksLoose fan beltsEquipment operating when not requiredUse of excessive dampers or valves to achieve system balanceHeating or cooling unused spacesOverheating or overcooling
HVAC System Inefficiency
Use of motors that are not premium efficiencyUse of dilution ventilationUse of canopy hoodsExcessive air flowUse of oversized equipmentUse of uncalibrated controlsSimultaneous heating and cooling
Central Heating Systems WasteLeaksPoor water treatmentDirty burnersFailure to return steam condensateExcess boiler blowdownHeating unoccupied areasSending water greater than 140 F to drain
Central Heating Systems InefficiencyUse of uncalibrated controlsUse of on/off inefficient burner controls Heating with oversized boilersInadequate insulationFailure to have booster pump in high pressure systemsDirty heat exchangers
Central Cooling Systems Waste
LeaksPoor water treatmentWater flow through shutdown equipmentCooling unoccupied areasExcessive cooling tower blowdown
Central Cooling Systems InefficiencyUse of uncalibrated controlsUse of old inefficient equipmentCooling with oversized chillersInadequate insulationFailure to use variable speed pumps in primary/secondary piping systemsFailure to vary chilled and condenser water temperaturesDirty heat exchangers
Compressed Air System Waste
Air leaksRunning standby compressor or dryerDirty heat exchangersDirty filtersExcessive air pressuresProviding compressed air to areas not requiring it
Compressed Air System Inefficiency
Using room as air sourceUse of uncalibrated controlsUse of oversize equipmentUse of compressed air for cooling, drying & agitation
Lighting Systems
Lighting System Waste
Leaving lights in unoccupied spacesOutdoor lights on in daytimeKeeping electrical lights on in spaces having day lightingLack of task lighting
Lighting System Inefficiency
Using incandescent lampsUsing T 12 florescent lampsUsing mercury vapor lampsUse of lighting fixtures that trap lightFailure to use LED exit lighting
Process Waste
Compressed air leaksPainting objects that are too coldOperating ventilation equipment when process shut downExhaust air greater than 200 FLack of the use of task lighting Firing furnaces when not needed
Process Inefficiency
Using excessive compressed air pressure for paint gunsFailure to use booths and enclosures for hazardous operationsHigh air movement near exhaust hoodsUse of inefficient burners in furnacesUse of oversized furnaces and tanks
Questions?
