Energy Flow in the Biosphere, Chapter 3-1 & 3-2
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Transcript of Energy Flow in the Biosphere, Chapter 3-1 & 3-2
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Energy Flow in the Biosphere,
Chapter 3-1 & 3-2
http://www.geog.uni-heidelberg.de/~ttavk/weltkarten/globen/1997-1998-biosphere-Nasa.jpg
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REMEMBER CELL BIO
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________ __________ ___________ATOMS MOLECULES ORGANELLES
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
INTEREST GRABBER- THINK BACK TO CHAPTER 7
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____________ ____________ CELLS TISSUES
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
Similar cells working together
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___________ __________ ___________ORGANS
ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGANISM
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
Different tissuesworking together
Different organsworking together
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___________________________________ORGANISMS POPULATIONS COMMUNITY
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall;2006
SAME SPECIESLIVING TOGETHERIN AN AREA
Ex: “herd”
DIFFERENT POPULATIONS LIVING TOGETHER IN AN AREA
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_______________________ _____________ECOSYSTEMS BIOMES
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
All the organisms that live in a place together with their NON-living environment
Group of ecosystemsthat have same climate and similar communities
BIOSPHERE
The portion of the planet in which all life exists
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Organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring = _____________
SPECIES
http://suedafrika.net/bluegifs/twooryx.jpg
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EX: Horse X donkey = mule64 chromosomes 62 chromosomes 63 chromosomes
http://environnement.ecoles.free.fr/Site-chevaux/images/etalon_quarter_horse_genuine_redskin.jpghttp://www.caribbeanart.com/art/j-portrait-donkey.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mule
Horses and donkeys are different species.
If you breed them, the result is a mule which can NOT have offspring!
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The scientific study of interactions of organisms with each other and with their environment = ______________
The portion of the planet in which all life exists = _________________(includes land, water, atmosphere)
ECOLOGY
BIOSPHERE
http://jaeger.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/Images/Topographic/Whole_Earth/Earth_100.jpg
Extends from about 8 km above the Earth’s surfaceto 11 km below the ocean’s surface
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WHAT SHAPES AN ECOSYSTEM?
__________________ All the living things an organism interacts with
__________________All the non-living things that
affect an organism
Ex: climate, temperature, sunlightsoil, humidity, wind
BIOTIC FACTORS
ABIOTIC FACTORS
Images from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
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__________________ = The area where an organism lives
A rattlesnake lives in a desert in the
American Southwest
HABITAT
http://www.rvstogophx.com/images/arizona_desert_sm.jpghttp://animals.timduru.org/dirlist/snake/animalwild089-RattleSnake-FaceCloseup.jpg
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_____________= place it lives PLUS the
_____________ & ______________interactions it has in that place
NICHE includes: Where it lives PLUS . . .
What it eats? What eats it?Where in the habitat it lives?
In a tree, in a pond, underground
Its actions… hibernating, migrating, etcWhen & how it reproduces?
NICHE
biotic abiotic
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HABITAT vs NICHE?
Habitat is like an
organism’s ____________
Niche is like anorganism’s ______________
address
OCCUPATION
http://resmedicinae.sourceforge.net/logos/doctor.pnghttp://www.michcampgrounds.com/yogibears/yogi-picnic-cartoon.jpghttp://www.formaui.org/kamalii/critters.htm
http://www.electricwomen.com/hunterspoint/images/21-street-sign-moreell.jpg
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NO TWO SPECIES CAN SHARE THE SAME NICHE !
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
= ______________________________Competitive exclusion principle
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The Earth is SOLAR POWERED!
_____________ is the main source of energy for life on Earth.
http://www.animation-station.com/smileys/index.php?page=17
SUNLIGHT
ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY
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AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERSCan make their own food
Most autotrophs use _______________ to capture solar energy Main producers on land
= green plants
In water = algaeBIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY
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Some autotrophs can make own food in the ____________________
They use energy stored in ________________ of______________________to producecarbohydrates = ___________________
Ex: Bacteria thatlive in HOSTILE placesLike volcano vents, hot springs, marshes
BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
chemical bonds
absence of light
INORGANIC MOLECULESCHEMOSYNTHESIS
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HETEROTROPHS = ____________Get energy from consuming other organisms
http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif
CONSUMERS
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HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS
________________ = eat only plants
________________ = eat only animals
________________ =eat both plants & animals
http://gallery.hd.org/_exhibits/natural-science/_more2003/_more09/elephant-eating-greenery-in-Addo-Park-Eastern-Cape-South-Africa-2-WL.jpghttp://personal.ecu.edu/wuenschk/rabbit-wolf.gifhttp://www.rodsguide.com/bears/eating.jpg
HERBIVORES
CARNIVORES
OMNIVORES
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HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS
________________ = feed on plant & animal remains EX: mites, earthworms,
snails, crabs
________________ = break down and absorb
organic matterEX: bacteria & fungi
http://montereybayphotos.com/images/nature/2.jpghttp://www.fwnp.com/bracket-fungi.htm
DETRITIVORES
DECOMPOSERS
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Energy flows through an ecosystem in a series of steps in which organisms transfer
energy by being eaten
________________
_________________
= _________________
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/foodchain.jpg
PRODUCERS(Autotrophs)
CONSUMERS(Heterotrophs)
↑↑
FOOD CHAIN
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In most ecosystems
feeding relationships
are more complex
A ______________ links ALL the food chains in an ecosystem together.
FOOD WEB
Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
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Each step in a food chain or web =
_______________
______________ALWAYSmake up the________ trophic level.
http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll
TROPHIC LEVEL
PRODUCERS
FIRST
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Lower levels must be
bigger to support the
level above.
Only about_____ of the energy fromeach level is
passedon.
http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll
10%
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Some energy is used
for life processessuch as growth,development,movement,metabolism,transport, andreproduction.
The rest islost as ________http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll
HEAT
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Animation from: http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm
See a movie
WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ?
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Na+ - K + PUMPEndocytosisExocytosis
Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html
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WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ?
Movement
Synthesis of biomolecules
Meiosis: http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/anm/Cilia: http://www.sk.lung.ca/content.cfm?edit_realword=hwbreatheReplication: http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4c.aspTranscription:http://www.wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/mRNA.gifTranslation:
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Growth and Development
Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.asp
REPRODUCTION