Energy Flow in the Biosphere, Chapter 3-1 & 3-2...
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Transcript of Energy Flow in the Biosphere, Chapter 3-1 & 3-2...
Energy Flow in the Biosphere,
Chapter 3-1 & 3-2
http://www.geog.uni-heidelberg.de/~ttavk/weltkarten/globen/1997-1998-biosphere-Nasa.jpg
________ __________ ___________ATOMS MOLECULES ORGANELLES
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
INTEREST GRABBER- THINK BACK TO CHAPTER 7
____________ ____________ CELLS TISSUES
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
Similar cells working together
___________ __________ ___________ORGANS
ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGANISM
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
Different tissuesworking together
Different organsworking together
___________________________________ORGANISMS POPULATIONS COMMUNITY
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall;2006
SAME SPECIESLIVING TOGETHERIN AN AREA
Ex: “herd”
DIFFERENT POPULATIONS LIVING TOGETHER IN AN AREA
_______________________ _____________ECOSYSTEMS BIOMES
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
All the organisms that live in a place together with their NON-living environment
Group of ecosystemsthat have same climate and similar communities
BIOSPHERE
The portion of the planet in which all life exists
Organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring = _____________
SPECIES
http://suedafrika.net/bluegifs/twooryx.jpg
EX: Horse X donkey = mule64 chromosomes 62 chromosomes 63 chromosomes
http://environnement.ecoles.free.fr/Site-chevaux/images/etalon_quarter_horse_genuine_redskin.jpghttp://www.caribbeanart.com/art/j-portrait-donkey.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mule
Horses and donkeys are different species.
If you breed them, the result is a mule which can NOT have offspring!
The scientific study of interactions of organisms with each other and with their environment = ______________
The portion of the planet in which all life exists = _________________(includes land, water, atmosphere)
ECOLOGY
BIOSPHERE
http://jaeger.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/Images/Topographic/Whole_Earth/Earth_100.jpg
Extends from about 8 km above the Earth’s surfaceto 11 km below the ocean’s surface
WHAT SHAPES AN ECOSYSTEM?
__________________ All the living things an organism interacts with
__________________All the non-living things that
affect an organism
Ex: climate, temperature, sunlightsoil, humidity, wind
BIOTIC FACTORS
ABIOTIC FACTORS
Images from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
__________________
= The area where an organism lives
A rattlesnake lives in a desert in the
American Southwest
HABITAT
http://www.rvstogophx.com/images/arizona_desert_sm.jpghttp://animals.timduru.org/dirlist/snake/animalwild089-RattleSnake-FaceCloseup.jpg
_____________= place it lives PLUS the
_____________ & ______________interactions it has in that place
NICHE includes: Where it lives PLUS . . .
What it eats? What eats it?Where in the habitat it lives?
In a tree, in a pond, underground
Its actions… hibernating, migrating, etcWhen & how it reproduces?
NICHE
biotic abiotic
HABITAT vs NICHE?
Habitat is like an
organism’s ____________
Niche is like anorganism’s ______________
address
OCCUPATION
http://resmedicinae.sourceforge.net/logos/doctor.pnghttp://www.michcampgrounds.com/yogibears/yogi-picnic-cartoon.jpghttp://www.formaui.org/kamalii/critters.htm
http://www.electricwomen.com/hunterspoint/images/21-street-sign-moreell.jpg
NO TWO SPECIES CAN SHARE THE SAME NICHE !
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
= ______________________________Competitive exclusion principle
The Earth is SOLAR POWERED!
_____________ is the main source of energy for life on Earth.
http://www.animation-station.com/smileys/index.php?page=17
SUNLIGHT
ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY
AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERSCan make their own food
Most autotrophs use _______________ to capture solar energy Main producers on land
= green plants
In water = algaeBIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY
Some autotrophs can make own food in the ____________________
They use energy stored in ________________ of______________________to producecarbohydrates = ___________________
Ex: Bacteria thatlive in HOSTILE placesLike volcano vents, hot springs, marshes
BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
chemical bonds
absence of light
INORGANIC MOLECULESCHEMOSYNTHESIS
HETEROTROPHS = ____________Get energy from consuming other organisms
http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif
CONSUMERS
HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS
________________ = eat only plants
________________ = eat only animals
________________ =eat both plants & animals
http://gallery.hd.org/_exhibits/natural-science/_more2003/_more09/elephant-eating-greenery-in-Addo-Park-Eastern-Cape-South-Africa-2-WL.jpghttp://personal.ecu.edu/wuenschk/rabbit-wolf.gifhttp://www.rodsguide.com/bears/eating.jpg
HERBIVORES
CARNIVORES
OMNIVORES
HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS
________________ = feed on plant & animal remains EX: mites, earthworms,
snails, crabs
________________ = break down and absorb
organic matterEX: bacteria & fungi
http://montereybayphotos.com/images/nature/2.jpghttp://www.fwnp.com/bracket-fungi.htm
DETRITIVORES
DECOMPOSERS
Energy flows through an ecosystem in a series of steps in which
organisms transfer energy by being eaten
________________
_________________
= _________________http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/foodchain.jpg
PRODUCERS(Autotrophs)
CONSUMERS(Heterotrophs)
↑↑
FOOD CHAIN
In most ecosystems
feeding relationships
are more complex
A ______________ links ALL the food chains in an ecosystem together.
FOOD WEB
Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
Each step in a food chain or web =
_______________
______________ALWAYSmake up the________ trophic level.
http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll
TROPHIC LEVEL
PRODUCERS
FIRST
Lower levels must be
bigger to support the
level above.
Only about_____ of the energy fromeach level is
passedon.
http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll
10%
Some energy is used
for life processessuch as growth,development,movement,metabolism,transport, andreproduction.
The rest islost as ________http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll
HEAT
Animation from: http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm
See a movie
WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ?
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Na+ - K + PUMPEndocytosisExocytosis
Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html
WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ?
Movement
Synthesis of biomolecules
Meiosis: http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/anm/Cilia: http://www.sk.lung.ca/content.cfm?edit_realword=hwbreatheReplication: http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4c.aspTranscription:http://www.wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/mRNA.gifTranslation:
Growth and Development
Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.asp
REPRODUCTION
SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
9-12.L.3.1. Students are able to identify factors that can cause changes in stability of populations, communities, and ecosystems.
• Define populations, communities, ecosystems, niches
and symbiotic relationships.• Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions.
Examples:Dormancy and migrationFluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter)Biogeochemical cycles Energy flowCooperation and competition in ecosystems
LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to one another and the environment.
SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
9-12.L.3.1. Students are able to identify factors that can cause changes in stability of populations, communities, and ecosystems.
• Define populations, communities, ecosystems, niches and symbiotic relationships.
• Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions.
Examples:
Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter)Energy flow
LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to one another and the environment.
Core High School Life/Earth Science
Performance Descriptors
High school students performing at the ADVANCED level:
predict the effect of an interruption in a given cycles
High school students performing at the
PROFICIENT level:
predict how life systems respond to changes in the environment;
explain how H20, N, C, and O cycle between living and non-living systems;
describe how various factors may affect global climate;
High school students performing at the BASIC level:
given pictorial representations of the H20 and C cycles explain how elements and compounds move between living and nonliving systems
describe one factor that may affect global climate
IMAGE BIBLIOGRAPHY
Paint image by Riedell
Paint image by Riedell
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html#Organic%20molecules
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2004/lect02.htm
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif
http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.html
http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_nucleus.html
http://classes.kumc.edu/som/bioc801/lectures/images/mem01-08.gif
http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif
http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147b.gif
http://www.carolguze.com/text/102-19-tissuesorgansystems.shtml
http://academic.pg.cc.md.us/~aimholtz/AandP/206_ONLINE/Immune/Innate_Images/cilia.jpg
http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookAnimalTS.html
http://www.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/~anatomy2/BON/1016A03.jpg
http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg
http://www.proctitispages.force9.co.uk/
http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif
http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/homepage.htm
http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm
http://bestanimations.com
http://www.harrythecat.com/graphics/
http://vilenski.org/science/safari/fungus/fungus.html