Energy Efficient Tiny Homes

What do you get when you mash up a refrigerator box, a trailer, a sleeping bag and a thermos?

Considerations for Energy Efficient Green and Healthy

Tiny Homes

Shawna Henderson, CEO Bfreehomes Design Ltd. www.bfreehomes.com

1.902.489.1014

Net Zero Energy Ready New Construction Deep Energy Retrofits

70 -90% less energy for space & water heating

Optimize building envelope Minimize systems

Maximize renewables Barrier free layouts + user friendly details

St. Margarets Bay, 1996



Lunenburg, 2002

Wallace River, 2007

12 house types, 6 cities

Range of ages:

1922 to 2000

1. How does house type/age affect NZEEH?

2. How does climate affect NZEEH?

Approaching Net Zero Energy in Existing Houses CMHC 2006-2008

Ligh@ng 5% Appliances

13%

Water 17%

Space 65%

ERS80 (PRE-‐2012 R-‐2000)

Changing Energy End Use Patterns

•  Reduce space heating load

–  Air tightness measures

–  Insulation Measures

•  Reduce water heating load

–  Fixtures

–  Drainwater Heat Recovery

•  Meeting DWH load becomes biggest challenge

–  Mechanicals designed around low temp hot water delivery

–  Minimal electrical loads @ fans/pumps

–  Small loads, can sacrifice efficiency @ blower

•  Electrical base loads

–  Primarily occupant driven

–  Builder has minimal impact

Ligh@ng 13%

Appliances 46%

Water 8%

Space 33%

Net Zero Energy (solar thermal op@on)

Ligh@ng 10%

Appliances 44%

Water 20%

Space 26%

Net Zero Energy (non-‐solar thermal)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

As Is Conven@onal DER with solar

Energy Use Comparison

Ligh@ng

Appliances

Water

Space

50% reduc@on

80% reduc@on

Shrinking Energy Use, Period

Revisit, Revise, Rethink

Example: energy Analysis & Financial Evaluation Work Flow

•  Initial measures impact the types of measures (and associated costs) further down the path to Net Zero Energy.

Excel worksheet

Revise to targets

IRR/ simple

payback

Costings Loads w/fuel equivalents

Energy contributions

Incremental capital costs over baseline

Reductions in purchased fuel

Contributions from Renewables

Offsets to purchased fuel (DWHR)

Select target reduction from

baseline

Model for 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% reductions

from baseline

Select regionally appropriate assemblies

to increase insulation levels

Specify high performance

mechanicals and renewables

Estimate regional fuel costs

Design is not a linear process

House as a System Many components determine energy use, occupant health, and comfort:

Heat Flow

Moisture Flow

Air Flow

Thermal Boundaries

Pressure Boundaries

House Shape and Size

Keep the heat in

Control moisture

Optimize systems

Keep the heat in

Building Envelope Most optimal surface to volume ratio Highest levels of insulation Lowest air leakage possible

Tiny Houses Weight penalty for trailer Stability in light frame Cost/budget allocation

Like standard practice, only better

Tried & True

Air sealing interior VDR

Insulating with fibre

Insulating/air sealing with foam

Innovative

Quad glass with 2 suspended films, krypton fill

Vacuum Insulated panels: RSI 22.7/mm (R30/inch) (LEAF 3, trialing in Yukon)

Materials and Assemblies

Control moisture

Conventional Air Sealing Whole House Ventilation Spot Ventilation Tiny Houses Volume ≠ standard unit capacity Sound attenuation requirement Space for equipment

Mechanical Ventilation HRVs or ERVs •  Whole House

•  Room-by-room

•  Balanced

•  Heat Recovery

•  Quiet

Mechanical Ventilation Apartment/Room HRVs •  Thru the wall

•  Ceramic core

•  Nearly silent

•  Minimal Energy

Optimize systems

Conventional Match supply to demand temps Integrate equipment Optimize delivery Tiny Houses Eliminate Sound attenuation requirement Space for equipment

Like standard practice, only better

Integrated systems

Space and water heating/cooling

Space/water & ventilation

Flexibility of energy sources

What types?

How many?

Issues

Preplanning

Servicing non-conventional systems

Distribution systems

Optimized Mechanicals

Air handler

Hot water coil

Evaporator Coil (cooling) op@onal

Integrated Space Condi@oning and Water Hea@ng (forced air)

Air to Water Heat Pump (hydronic space condi@oning and water hea@ng)

Always cheaper to save a Watt than make a Watt

Reduce loads

Space heating

Water heating

Lighting

Appliances Preplanning

Solar thermal

PV

Micro co-generation

District energy

Renewable Energy

What to do with your poop?

Waste water #1 issue after poop

Closed Loop Systems

Compost toilet

Open Loop Systems

Chemical toilet

Wastewater tanks

If I can be of service, please don’t hesistate to contact me:

Shawna Henderson, CEO Bfreehomes Design Ltd. www.bfreehomes.com

[email protected]

mobile: 1.902.489.1014

Energy Efficient Tiny Homes

Design

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